Assignment no4…………………………………wireless and mobile communication(WMC)

Submitted by………………………………………………..AKMAL KHAN

Submitted to………………………………………………….ENGR REHAN ALI KHAN

ROLL NO……………………………………………………….17F-EE-036

SEMESTER………………………………………………….6TH CLASS ROLL NO 36 SEC B

Base switching center (BTS)

BTS stand base transceiver station it connect mobile devices to the network.it send and receive
radio signal to mobile and also convert them to digital signal and after transmit to another route
and other terminal in the network to the network The main function of BTS is it is electrical
device which facilitates wireless communication between mobile (user)and network .

How BTS WORK

the working of BTS consists of antenna microwave and other necessary radio equipment to

communicate with mobile switching center. Every BTS cover a define area. All BTS tower is

control by BSC which is turn on under control of mobile switching center.

INTERFACE OF BTS
A base transvers station provides connectivity between mobile stations on one side via air
interface .in simple BTS connect to BCS with abis interface.

TRX OF BTS
Transceiver consists of transmitter and receiver to make a chain radio chain. First transmitter
chain converts digital data signal to analog signal data and after convert to radio frequency and
support other functions such as filtrating and amplification etc. now after that receiver chain
takes from antenna ,amplifier and finally it convert analog data to digital data signal.

BTS DUPLEXER
Duplexer is two ways communication on same channel simultaneously a BTS duplexer are
consists of two bands pass filter connected in parallel. First path provide communication between
transmitter and antenna. And the other path provides a communication between antenna and
receiver. There is no direct path between transmitter and receiver.

CONSUMING POWER OF BTS

Most power consume of bts here is some formula which we calculate the power of bts. Let
suppose there is two signal trx 2 and trx theses signal consume power around 140w.

Output power of BTS at antenna port = 10W (40dBm)

Output power of BTS at Power Amplifier (PA) Output port = 20W (43dBm) ; Considering 3dB
loss of duplexer after the PA.

PA efficiency (approx.) = 25%

Power consumed by PA = PA output power / Efficiency

= 20W / 0.25

= 80W So, 80W power is consumed by PA only, out of 140W total power
consumed by BTS. And rest 60W is used by transceiver part, base-band part etc.

BASE Station CENTER (BSC)

When the data receive BTS it send to base station center. Which arrange in it and these data send
to MSC. Base station BSC receive and transmit a lot of data of BTS which send it forward. The
main function of BSC is connecting the bts to other mobile centers. Base stations connected to
antenna which receive and transmit the signal in cellular networks to customer phones. The other
equipment is connected to mobile switching center which connects the cellular calls to the public
area. Base stations are company-specific. However, a single site may host multiple base stations
from competing Telecommunication Company’s .Such as traffic balancing and database
management.

MOBILE SWITICHING CENTER (MSC)

After collect data BSC SEND TO MSC station .A msc connect all station of BSC which received
and transmit data to different base station networks area.

In simple To get an idea about the MSC (Mobile Switching Center), you need to know how a
call is transferred from one user to other. MSC is the main database of a large area where the
critical data is stored to initiate and process a call. MSC is like a gateway of your operator which
will decide whether you are eligible for a call or not. Example of MScs decided whether the user
has proper balance to initiate the call. Whether the services of the used is barred or not. And
other parameters which are necessary for a call to initiate. After all these checks, of OK, User 1's
MSC hands over the call to Local MSC of User 2\Again User 2's MSC checks if the receiving
user is ok to receive calls. whether is reachable or not, If onroaming whether he has balance to
receive the call, If has a roaming pack, how to charge him etc.

PUBLIC SWITCHED TELEPHONE NETWORK (PSTN)

PSTN technology which allows voice communication between two points through the usage of
appropriate equipment. Analog sound signals are translated into electrical signals after a
communication request is initiated. These electrical signals are converted back to analog sound
signals once received at the destination PSTN stand for public switch telephone network .the
general use of this system in 1800.for transmission use copper wire or coaxial cable .the copper
wire connect to user and exchange network all over the world and each country.

PSTN WORKING METHOD

THIS is world worldwide communication which consists of individual telephone network. The
telephone Connect each telephone on copper wire, fiber optic switching center cellular network
and satellite.. The individual subscriber lines are connected to a local exchange, which
communicates with exchanges as well as main and central exchanges. The lines within a local
exchange typically have the same area code. A user who wants to call a number outside the local
exchange has to add an area code. When the user want to call out country the user add country
code this is the method which public telephone network work.

Advance PSTN
In first time PSTN works on analog signal but after in 1900 the analog signal converts into
digital signal this is the one of the best advancement of public switch telephone network which
the voice and data transmit in to digital signal. In the advancement of 1960 the analog switch is
converting in to electronic switch which the speed of voice and data double in previous
communication system.
Advantage of PSTN
One of the best advantages of this communication 1960 it is bidirectional. Bidirectional mean the
incoming and outgoing data flow at the same channel.in this network allows a clear voice calls
communication.

Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)

is circuit switched network that transmit data and voice in a digital format.it the standard
communication which transmit data voice and signaling. ISDN connections provide good quality
comapare to other networks connections. ISDN have high speeds and better connections allow
data transmissions to travel more reliably.

LONG TERM EVOLUTION LTE

LTE stand long term evolution it is the standard of broad band communication for mobile
devices and other data networking.it based on GSM and EDGE technologies. This
communication increase the capacity and the speed of different radio interface together.This
technology is faster than 3G but slower than 4G .

This very good technology and easily launch in 3g BTS communication tower .LTE provide high
and low latencies over long range communication.one of bad advantage of lte is there average
download speed is 7.6Mbps but average upload speed is 2.4Mbps.