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Urinary System: Cortex Medulla
Urinary System: Cortex Medulla
CORTEX MEDULLA
- outer portion - inner portion
- reddish & granular - striated
1. AORTA
2. RENAL ARTERY
3. INTERLOBAR ARTERIES
4. ARCUATE ARTERIES
5. INTERLOBULAR ARTERIES
6. AFFERENT ARTERIOLES
7. GLOMERULUS
8. EFFERENT ARTERIOLES
9. PERITUBULAR CAPILLARIES
• JUXTAMEDULLARY NEPHRONS
• VASA RECTA
• Renal lobule consists of papillary duct,
collecting tubules, nephrons, BV, & CT 10. SUPERFICIAL CORTICAL VEINS
11. STELLATE VEINS
• Separated by interlobular blood vessels 12. DEEP CORTICAL VEINS
• MEDULLARY VEINS
13. INTERLOBULAR VEINS
14. ARCUATE VEINS
15. INTERLOBAR VEINS
16. RENAL VEIN
UNIFEROUS TUBULES
-Composed of nephron and intrarenal ducts (CT
& PD)
• PARTS:
• Renal corpuscle
• Renal Tubules
-Proximal convoluted tubule
-Medullary loop (loop of Henle)
-Distal convoluted tubule
BOWMAN’S CAPSULE
• Double-walled sac that envelops glomerulus
• Bowman’s capsule comprise of inner
visceral and outer parietal layers and
Bowman’s space in between the layers
• Parietal layer is formed by simple squamous
cells while visceral is formed by podocytes,
whose foot processes (pedicels) contact
glomerular blood capillaries
• The connective tissue stroma of the
glomerulus is constituted by mesangial cells,
which support the glomerular capillaries
• The narrow gaps that exist between the
interdigitating pedicels are called filtration
slits • Basal lamina (endothelial cells & pedicels) 330
• They are covered by a slit membrane or slit nm thick
diaphragm • Slit membrane (diaphragm) 6nm thick. Slit
25nm wide
PODOCYTE
• Stellates cells which have cytoplasmic
processes
• Varies in size and shape
• Major process
• Minor process (pedicels)
RENAL TUBULES
• Pedicels wrap themselves around glomerular
• Tubular reabsorption
capillary walls
• Tubular secretion
• Shares basal lamina
• PCT, LOH, DCT
• Wall is composed of simple epithelium
GLOMERULAR FILTRATION BARRIER
• Separates blood in glomerular capillaries from
PROXIMAL CONVOLUTED TUBULE
the Bowman’s space.
• Reabsorption of water, nutrients and solids
• Fenestrated endothelium (60 -100nm)
(obligatory)
• Confined to cortex
• Lined by simple squamous initially then simple
cuboidal epithelium resting on a thin basal
lamina
• Tubule cells have microvilli on their luminal
surfaces (brush border)
• Tubule cells appear striated due to numerous
basal infoldings & plenty of mitochondria
3. T. adventitia
URINARY BLADDER
• Its wall has 4 tissue layers;
3. T. serosa
MUCOSA
• Transitional epithelium
• 2-8 cell layers
• Urethelium
• Lamina propria (thin-thick)
• Loose connective tissue
• MALT
• Some glands
MUSCULARIS
• Inner layer (longitudinal)
• Outer (circular)
• Most bundles are irregularly arranged
• Urinary bladder (well-developed)
– 3 layers (L,C,L)
– Smooth muscles (C)
URETHRA
• Terminal portion of the urinary system
ADVENTITIA/SEROSA
• Urethra in male and in female is different
• Blends with surrounding CT
• In male, common to urinary and reproductive
• Upper part of UB (serosa)
system
• In female, it belongs only to the urinary system
URETER
• Conducts urine from kidney to bladder
MALE URETHRA
• Has 3 tissue layers
• PROSTATIC
– Lined with transitional epithelium
– Its lamina propria is poorly developed loose
CT layer that has many elastic fibers and veins.
– Contains urethral glands
• MEMBRANOUS
– Lined by a pseudostratified columnar
epithelium
– Surrounded by a circularly arranged skeletal
muscle fibers that belong to the sphincter urethra
muscle
• SPONGY
– Lined by pseudostratified columnar epithelium
except near the external urethral meatus
(nonkeratinized stratified squamous)
FEMALE URETHRA
• Its epithelium is transitional in the initial
segment, but nonkeratinized stratified squamous
in the rest of the organ.
• Adventitia LCT