PRATT & WHITNEY CANADA

MAINTENANCE MANUAL
MANUAL PART NO. 3034342

LIST OF EFFECTIVE PAGES

CHAPTER
SECTION PAGE DATE
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Contents 1 Nov 05/99

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Description and 2 Nov 05/99
Operation 3 Nov 05/99
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MAINTENANCE MANUAL
MANUAL PART NO. 3034342

TABLE OF CONTENTS
SUBJECT PAGE

AIR - DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION 75-00-00

1. General 1

2. Description and Operation 1

A. General 1

B. Compressor Bleed Valve 2

C. Swing Check Valve 2

D. Air Supply for Airframe Services 2

3. Fault Isolation 3

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MAINTENANCE MANUAL
MANUAL PART NO. 3034342

AIR - DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION

1. General

Three separate air systems are provided for the engine; one system for bearing compartment
sealing, a second for cooling air, and the third for compressor bleed valve and airframe
services. Compressor discharge air involved with engine control is dealt with in chapter
73-10-07.

2. Description and Operation (Ref. Fig. 1)

A. General

Air is utilized to seal the Nos. 1, 2 and 3 bearing compartments and to cool the
compressor and power turbine disks, and the compressor turbine stator. Pressure air is
used in conjunction with labyrinth seals to establish and control the required pressure
gradients. The labyrinth seals consist of two separate parts, one rotating within the other.
One part has a smooth surface, the other has annular knife edges. The knife edges
may either be stationary or rotating, as well as internal or external, depending on the
location within the engine. These parts together form an air seal when matched. The
running clearance between each pair of rotating and stationary parts is kept to a
minimum.

Compressor interstage air (P2.5) is utilized to provide a pressure differential across the
labyrinth seal located in front of the No. 1 bearing. The air is bled through slots in
the hub of the fourth-stage compressor disk and into the center of the rotor assembly.
Air then flows rearward through passages in the compressor disks and out to an annulus
in the center of the labyrinth seal through passages in the compressor rear hub. The
air is metered through the labyrinth to form the pressure seal. Air flowing forward through
the seal feeds into the inlet air stream while air flowing to the rear vents into the
accessory gearbox together with the scavenged oil; it is then separated by the centrifugal
breather impeller and bled overboard.

The No. 2 bearing is protected by a single labyrinth seal at the front end and a double
seal at the rear. Pressure air for this area is bled from the labyrinth seal connecting it to the
turbine cooling air system. The air flows through passages in the No. 2 bearing
support, equalizing pressure at the front and rear of the bearing compartment, and
ensures a pressure seal in the front and rear labyrinths. The No. 2 bearing cavity seal
air is dumped into the accessory gearbox through the bearing oil scavenge line.

Cooling air from around the combustion chamber liner inner wall passes through ports in
the forward wall of the outer liner to internal passages between the compressor
turbine vane ring sealing ring and inner support lugs. Air then passes through circulating
passages in each vane and vents axially from the vane trailing edge.

The compressor, and first and second-stage power turbine disks are cooled by
compressor discharge air from the diffuser exit zone down the rear face of the combustion
chamber outer liner. The air is then metered through holes in the compressor turbine
stator support flange of the gas generator case into the turbine hub baffles. This air splits
into three paths: one metered path directs air to cool the rear face of the compressor
turbine disk, the second pressurizes the No. 2 bearing front labyrinth seal while the
balance passes through holes in the compressor turbine disk hub and into the

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centerbore. A portion of this air is metered over the front face of the compressor turbine
disk by the interstage baffle. The remaining air passes through a hole in the center of
the interstage baffle and into a zone immediately to the rear of the power turbine first-stage
disk. Metering seals on the interstage baffle direct some of the air over the rear face
of the first-stage disk, while the remainder is directed through holes in the disk hub to an
annular space between the power turbine shaft and the centerbore of the first and
second-stage power turbine disks. A portion of this air is allowed to bleed out between
the first and second-stage disks at the PT rotor labyrinth seal. The balance is passed
through holes in the hub of second-stage disk to pressurize the No. 3 bearing double
labyrinth seal. Air bleeding forward through the seal is returned to the accessory gearbox
via the No. 3 and 4 scavenge oil line, while air bleeding to the rear through the seal is
metered over the front face of the second-stage power turbine disk.

Cooling air passing over the front and rear faces of the compressor and power turbine
disks is dissipated into the main exhaust gas stream at the blade roots. The Nos. 1, 2
and 3 bearing cavity sealing air is carried with the scavenged oil into the accessory
gearbox where it is separated from the oil by the centrifugal breather and vented to
atmosphere.

B. Compressor Bleed Valve

The compressor bleed valve, located on the gas generator case at the 3 o’clock
position, automatically opens ports in the gas generator case to spill interstage
compressor air (P2.5) and prevent compressor stall.

The operation of the bleed valve is controlled by P3 pressure taken from the vicinity of
No. 2 bearing air seal.

On starting and at low Ng, the bleed valve is open as P2.5 is greater than P3 but, as Ng
increases, P3 becomes greater than P2.5 and the valve becomes closed at high Ng.

Compressor interstage air (P2.5) released by the compressor bleed valve is directed to
hollow struts in the compressor air inlet case from where it escapes into the inlet
flow of air through a series of tangential openings in the struts. The effect of this escaping
air is to create a swirl effect and reduce compressor stall during starting and low
power operations.

C. Swing Check Valve

A swing check valve, located on right side of the gas generator, at the 3 o’clock position
on the compressor bleed valve cover is provided to relieve excess P2.5 pressure
when the bleed valve is open.

D. Air Supply for Airframe Services (Ref. Fig. 2)

Two supply pressures, P2.5 and P3, are provided for airframe services. The P2.5 pad,
located at the 12 o’clock position, consists of a short flanged tube, secured by countersunk
screws and connecting with the compressor rotor axial stages.

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MANUAL PART NO. 3034342

The P3 adapter pads are located further forward on the gas generator case at the 3
and 9 o’clock positions. Each pad is connected through internal passages to the diffuser
zone in the gas generator case. Depending on airframe installation, the case exit port
may include an optional angled adapter.

3. Fault Isolation

For detailed fault isolation of the air system, refer to Chapter 72-00-00, FAULT ISOLATION.

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MAINTENANCE MANUAL
MANUAL PART NO. 3034342

C10173
Engine Airflow and Cooling Air (Typical)
Figure 1

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MAINTENANCE MANUAL
MANUAL PART NO. 3034342

OPTIONAL ADAPTER
ARRANGEMENT

OPTIONAL ADAPTER
ARRANGEMENT

C10614A
P3 Airframe Supply Adapter
Figure 2

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