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Esolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero
Esolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero
Identify the hypothesis and conclusion of each Write each statement in if-then form.
conditional statement. 5. Sixteen-year-olds are eligible to drive.
1. If today is Friday, then tomorrow is Saturday.
SOLUTION:
SOLUTION: To write these statements in if-then form, identify the
The hypothesis of a conditional statement is the hypothesis and conclusion. The word if is not part of
phrase immediately following the word if. The the hypothesis.
conclusion of a conditional statement is the phrase The word then is not part of the conclusion.
immediately following the word then.
If you are sixteen years old, then you are eligible to
Hypothesis: Today is Friday. drive.
Conclusion: Tomorrow is Saturday.
6. Cheese contains calcium.
2. SOLUTION:
SOLUTION: To write these statements in if-then form, identify the
The hypothesis of a conditional statement is the hypothesis and conclusion. The word if is not part of
phrase immediately following the word if. The the hypothesis. The word then is not part of the
conclusion of a conditional statement is the phrase conclusion.
If it is cheese, then it contains calcium.
immediately following the word then.
7. The measure of an acute angle is between 0 and 90.
Hypothesis: 2x + 5 > 7
Conclusion: x > 1 SOLUTION:
To write these statements in if-then form, identify the
3. If two angles are supplementary, then the sum of the hypothesis and conclusion. The word if is not part of
measures of the angles is 180. the hypothesis. The word then is not part of the
SOLUTION: conclusion.
If the angle is acute, then its measure is between 0
The hypothesis of a conditional statement is the
and 90.
phrase immediately following the word if. The
conclusion of a conditional statement is the phrase 8. Equilateral triangles are equiangular.
immediately following the word then.
SOLUTION:
Hypothesis: Two angles are supplementary. To write these statements in if-then form, identify the
Conclusion: The sum of the measures of the angles is hypothesis and conclusion. The word if is not part of
180. the hypothesis. The word then is not part of the
conclusion.
4. If two lines form right angles, then the lines are If a triangle is equilateral, then it is equiangular.
perpendicular.
9. WEATHER Various kinds of precipitation form
SOLUTION:
under different conditions. Write the
The hypothesis of a conditional statement is the three conditionals below in if-then form.
phrase immediately following the word if. The a. Moisture in the air condenses and falls to form
conclusion of a conditional statement is the phrase rain.
immediately following the word then. b. Supercooled moisture in cumulonimbus clouds
forms hail.
Hypothesis: Two lines form right angles
c. When the temperature is freezing in all or most of
Conclusion: The lines are perpendicular.
the atmosphere, precipitation falls as snow.
Write each statement in if-then form. SOLUTION:
5. Sixteen-year-olds are eligible to drive.
To write these statements in if-then form, identify the
SOLUTION: hypothesis and conclusion. The word if is not part of
To write these statements in if-then form, identify the the hypothesis. The word then is not part of the
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 1
hypothesis and conclusion. The word if is not part of conclusion.
the hypothesis.
The word then is not part of the conclusion. a. If moisture in the air condenses and falls, then it
To write these statements in if-then form, identify the The conditional statement "If tomorrow is Friday,
hypothesis and conclusion. The word if is not part of then today is Thursday." is true. When this
the hypothesis. The word then is not part of the hypothesis is true, the conclusion is also true, since
2-3 Conditional
conclusion. Statements Friday is the day that follows Thursday. So, the
If a triangle is equilateral, then it is equiangular. conditional statement is true.
9. WEATHER Various kinds of precipitation form 13. If an animal is spotted, then it is a Dalmatian.
under different conditions. Write the
SOLUTION:
three conditionals below in if-then form.
a. Moisture in the air condenses and falls to form False
The animal could be a leopard. The hypothesis of the
rain.
conditional is true, but the conclusion is false. This
b. Supercooled moisture in cumulonimbus clouds
counterexample shows that the conditional statement
forms hail. is false.
c. When the temperature is freezing in all or most of
the atmosphere, precipitation falls as snow. 14. If the measure of a right angle is 95, then bees are
lizards.
SOLUTION:
To write these statements in if-then form, identify the SOLUTION:
hypothesis and conclusion. The word if is not part of The conditional statement "If the measure of a right
the hypothesis. The word then is not part of the angle is 95, then bees are lizards." is true. The
conclusion. hypothesis is false, since the measure of a right angle
is 90. A conditional with a false hypothesis is always
a. If moisture in the air condenses and falls, then it true, so this conditional statement is true.
rains.
b. If a cumulonimbus cloud has supercooled 15. If pigs can fly, then 2 + 5 = 7.
moisture, then hail forms. SOLUTION:
c. If the temperature is freezing in all or most of the The conditional statement "If pigs can fly, then 2 + 5
atmosphere, then precipitation falls as snow. = 7" is true. The hypothesis is false, since pigs cannot
fly. A conditional with a false hypothesis is always
Determine the truth value of each conditional
true, so this conditional statement is true.
statement. If true, explain your reasoning. If
false, give a counterexample. CCSS ARGUMENTS Write the converse,
10. If then x = 4. inverse, and contrapositive of each true
conditional statement.
SOLUTION: Determine whether each related conditional is
False. true or false. If a statement is false, find a
2
If (–4) = 16. The hypothesis of the counterexample.
conditional is true, but the conclusion is false. This 16. If a number is divisible by 2, then it is divisible by 4.
counterexample shows that the conditional statement SOLUTION:
is false.
The converse is formed by exchanging the
hypothesis and conclusion of the conditional.
11. If you live in Charlotte, then you live in North Converse: If a number is divisible by 4, then it is
Carolina. divisible by 2; true.
SOLUTION:
The inverse is formed by negating both the
The conditional is false. You could live in Charlotte,
hypothesis and conclusion of the conditional.
Michigan or Charlotte, North Carolina.
Inverse: If a number is not divisible by 2, then it is not
12. If tomorrow is Friday, then today is Thursday. divisible by 4; true.
SOLUTION: The contrapositive is formed by negating both the
The conditional statement "If tomorrow is Friday, hypothesis and the conclusion of the converse of the
then today is Thursday." is true. When this conditional.
hypothesis is true, the conclusion is also true, since Contrapositive: If a number is not divisible by 4, then
Friday is the day that follows Thursday. So, the it is not divisible by 2; false.
conditional statement is true. Counterexample: 6 is not divisible by 4 but divisible
by 2.
13. If an animal is spotted, then it is a Dalmatian.
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 2
SOLUTION: 17. All whole numbers are integers.
False
The animal could be a leopard. The hypothesis of the SOLUTION:
SOLUTION: The contrapositive is formed by negating both the
The conditional statement "If pigs can fly, then 2 + 5 hypothesis and the conclusion of the converse of the
= 7" is true. The hypothesis is false, since pigs cannot conditional.
2-3 Conditional Statements
fly. A conditional with a false hypothesis is always Contrapositive: If a number is not an integer, then it
true, so this conditional statement is true. is not a whole number; true.
Identify the hypothesis and conclusion of each Write each statement in if-then form.
conditional statement. 26. Get a free water bottle with a one-year membership.
22. If the degree measure of an angle is between 90 and
180, then the angle is obtuse. SOLUTION:
To write these statements in if-then form, identify the
SOLUTION: hypothesis and conclusion. The word if is not part of
The hypothesis of a conditional statement is the the hypothesis. The word then is not part of the
phrase immediately following the word if. The conclusion.
conclusion of a conditional statement is the phrase
immediately following the word then. If you buy a 1-year membership, then you get a free
Hypothesis: The degree measure of an angle is water bottle.
between 90 and 180
Conclusion: The angle is obtuse
27. Everybody at the party received a gift.
23. “If there is no struggle, there is no SOLUTION:
progress.” (Frederick Douglass) To write these statements in if-then form, identify the
hypothesis and conclusion. The word if is not part of
SOLUTION: the hypothesis. The word then is not part of the
The hypothesis of a conditional statement is the conclusion.
phrase immediately following the word if. The
conclusion of a conditional statement is the phrase If you were at the party, then you received a gift.
immediately following the word then.
Hypothesis: There is no struggle 28. The intersection of two planes is a line.
Conclusion: There is no progress
SOLUTION:
24. If a quadrilateral has four congruent sides, then it is a To write these statements in if-then form, identify the
square. hypothesis and conclusion. The word if is not part of
the hypothesis. The word then is not part of the
SOLUTION:
conclusion.
The hypothesis of a conditional statement is the
phrase immediately following the word if. The
If two planes intersect, then it is a line.
conclusion of a conditional statement is the phrase
immediately following the word then. 29. The area of a circle is
Hypothesis: A quadrilateral has four congruent sides.
Conclusion: It is a square. SOLUTION:
To write these statements in if-then form, identify the
25. If a convex polygon has five sides, then it is a hypothesis and conclusion. The word if is not part of
pentagon. the hypothesis. The word then is not part of the
SOLUTION: conclusion.
The hypothesis of a conditional statement is the
phrase immediately following the word if. The If a figure is a circle, then the area is .
conclusion of a conditional statement is the phrase
30. Collinear points lie on the same line.
immediately following the word then.
Hypothesis: A convex polygon has five sides. SOLUTION:
Conclusion: It is a pentagon. To write these statements in if-then form, identify the
hypothesis and conclusion. The word if is not part of
Write each statement in if-then form.
the hypothesis. The word then is not part of the
26. Get a free water bottle with a one-year membership.
conclusion.
SOLUTION: If points are collinear, then they lie on the same line.
To write these statements in if-then form, identify the
hypothesis and conclusion. The word if is not part of 31. A right angle measures 90 degrees.
the hypothesis. The word then is not part of the SOLUTION:
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero Page 4
conclusion. To write these statements in if-then form, identify the
hypothesis and conclusion. The word if is not part of
If you buy a 1-year membership, then you get a free the hypothesis. The word then is not part of the
To write these statements in if-then form, identify the hypothesis and conclusion. The word if is not part of
hypothesis and conclusion. The word if is not part of the hypothesis. The word then is not part of the
the hypothesis. The word then is not part of the conclusion.
conclusion. Statements
2-3 Conditional If the museum is the Andy Warhol Museum, then
If points are collinear, then they lie on the same line. most of the collection is Andy Warhol’s artwork.
31. A right angle measures 90 degrees. 34. SCIENCE The water on Earth is constantly
changing through a process called the water cycle.
SOLUTION:
Write the three conditionals below in if-then form.
To write these statements in if-then form, identify the
hypothesis and conclusion. The word if is not part of
the hypothesis. The word then is not part of the
conclusion.
If an angle is right, then the angle measures 90
degrees. a. As runoff, water flows into bodies of water.
b. Plants return water to the air through transpiration.
32. MUSIC Different instruments are emphasized in c. Water bodies return water to the air through
different types of music. Write each statement in if- evaporation.
then form.
• Jazz music often incorporates trumpet or SOLUTION:
saxophone. To write these statements in if-then form, identify the
• Rock music emphasizes guitar and drums. hypothesis and conclusion. The word if is not part of
• In hip-hop music, the bass is featured. the hypothesis. The word then is not part of the
conclusion.
SOLUTION: a. If water runs off, it flows into bodies of water.
To write these statements in if-then form, identify the b. If plants return water to the air, they transpire.
hypothesis and conclusion. The word if is not part of
c. If water bodies return water to the air, it is through
the hypothesis. The word then is not part of the
evaporation.
conclusion.
CCSS ARGUMENTS Determine the truth
If you listen to jazz music, then you will likely hear value of each conditional statement. If true,
trumpet or saxophone. explain your reasoning. If false , give a
If you listen to rock music, then you will likely hear counterexample.
guitar and drums. 35. If a number is odd, then it is divisible by 5.
If you listen to hip-hop music, then you will likely
hear bass. SOLUTION:
False; 9 is an odd number, but not divisible by 5. The
33. ART Write the following statement in if-then form: hypothesis of the conditional is true, but the
At the Andy Warhol Museum in Pittsburgh, conclusion is false. This counterexample shows that
Pennsylvania, most of the collection is Andy the conditional statement is false.
Warhol’s artwork.
SOLUTION: 36. If a dog is an amphibian, then the season is summer.
To write these statements in if-then form, identify the SOLUTION:
hypothesis and conclusion. The word if is not part of
the hypothesis. The word then is not part of the The conditional statement "If a dog is an amphibian,
conclusion. then the season is summer." is true. The hypothesis is
If the museum is the Andy Warhol Museum, then false, since a dog is not an amphibian. A conditional
most of the collection is Andy Warhol’s artwork. with a false hypothesis is always true, so this
conditional statement is true.
34. SCIENCE The water on Earth is constantly
37. If an angle is acute, then it has a measure of 45.
changing through a process called the water cycle.
Write the three conditionals below in if-then form. SOLUTION:
37. If an angle is acute, then it has a measure of 45. 41. If red paint and blue paint mixed together make white
paint, then 3 – 2 = 0.
SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:
The conditional statement "If red paint and blue paint
mixed together make white paint, then 3 – 2 = 0" is
False; the angle drawn is an acute angle whose true. The hypothesis is false, since red and blue paint
measure is not 45. The hypothesis of the conditional make green paint. A conditional with a false
is true, but the conclusion is false. This hypothesis is always true, so this conditional
counterexample shows that the conditional statement statement is true.
is false.
42. If two angles are congruent, then they are vertical
38. If a polygon has six sides, then it is a regular polygon. angles.
SOLUTION: SOLUTION:
45. If two lines intersect, then they form right angles. 48. If a bird is an ostrich, then it cannot fly.
SOLUTION: SOLUTION:
The converse is formed by exchanging the
hypothesis and conclusion of the conditional.
Converse: If a bird cannot fly, then it is an ostrich.
The converse is false.
False; These lines intersect, but do not form right Counterexample: The bird could be a penguin.
angles. The hypothesis of the conditional is true, but
the conclusion is false. This counterexample shows The inverse is formed by negating both the
that the conditional statement is false. hypothesis and conclusion of the conditional.
Inverse: If a bird is not an ostrich, then it can fly. The
46. If a banana is blue, then an apple is a vegetable. inverse is false.
SOLUTION: Counterexample: The bird could be a penguin.
The conditional statement "If a banana is blue, then
The contrapositive is formed by negating both the
an apple is a vegetable." is true. The hypothesis is
hypothesis and the conclusion of the converse of the
false, since a banana is never blue. A conditional
conditional.
with a false hypothesis is always true, so this
Contrapositive: If a bird can fly, then the bird is not
conditional statement is true.
an ostrich; The contrapositive is true.
Write the converse, inverse, and contrapositive
49. If two angles have the same measure, then the
of each true conditional statement.
angles are congruent.
Determine whether each related conditional is
true or false. If a statement is false, find a SOLUTION:
counterexample. The converse is formed by exchanging the
47. If you live in Chicago, you live in Illinois. hypothesis and conclusion of the conditional.
SOLUTION: Converse: If two angles are congruent, then they
have the same measure. The converse is true.
The converse is formed by exchanging the
hypothesis and conclusion of the conditional. The inverse is formed by negating both the
Converse: If you live in Illinois, then you live in hypothesis and conclusion of the conditional.
Chicago. The converse is false. Inverse: If two angles do not have the same
Counterexample: You can live in Springfield. measure, then the angles are not congruent. The
inverse is true.
The inverse is formed by negating both the
hypothesis and conclusion of the conditional. The contrapositive is formed by negating both the
Inverse: If you do not live in Chicago, then you do hypothesis and the conclusion of the converse of the
not live in Illinois. The inverse is false. conditional.
Counterexample: You can live in Springfield. Contrapositive: If two angles are not congruent, then
they do not have the same measure. The
The contrapositive is formed by negating both the contrapositive is true.
hypothesis and the conclusion of the converse of the
conditional. 50. All squares are rectangles.
Contrapositive: If you do not live in Illinois, then you
do not live in Chicago. The contrapositive is true. SOLUTION:
If a figure is a square, then it is a rectangle.
48. If a bird is an ostrich, then it cannot fly.
The converse is formed by exchanging the
SOLUTION: hypothesis and conclusion of the conditional.
The converse is formed by exchanging the Converse: If a figure is a rectangle, then it is a
hypothesis and conclusion of the conditional. square. The converse is false.
Converse: If a bird cannot fly, then it is an ostrich. Counterexample: A rectangle does not have to have
The converse is false. all sides congruent.
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Counterexample: The bird could be a penguin. Page 7
50. All squares are rectangles. 52. A right triangle has an angle measure of 90.
SOLUTION: SOLUTION:
If a figure is a square, then it is a rectangle. If a triangle is right, then it has an angle measure of
90.
The converse is formed by exchanging the
hypothesis and conclusion of the conditional. The converse is formed by exchanging the
Converse: If a figure is a rectangle, then it is a hypothesis and conclusion of the conditional.
square. The converse is false. Converse: If a triangle has an angle measure of 90,
Counterexample: A rectangle does not have to have then it is a right triangle. The converse is true.
all sides congruent.
The inverse is formed by negating both the
The inverse is formed by negating both the hypothesis and conclusion of the conditional.
hypothesis and conclusion of the conditional. Inverse: If a triangle is not right, then it does not have
Inverse: If a figure is not a square, then it is not a an angle measure of 90. The inverse is true.
rectangle. The inverse is false.
Counterexample: The figure could be a rectangle, The contrapositive is formed by negating both the
even though it is not a square. hypothesis and the conclusion of the converse of the
conditional.
The contrapositive is formed by negating both the Contrapositive: If a triangle does not have an angle
hypothesis and the conclusion of the converse of the measure of 90, then it is not a right triangle. The
conditional. contrapositive is true.
Contrapositive: If a figure is not a rectangle, then it is
not a square. The contrapositive is true. CCSS ARGUMENTS Write the statement
indicated, and use the information at the left to
51. All congruent segments have the same length. determine the truth value of each statement. If a
statement is false, give a counterexample.
SOLUTION:
If segments are congruent, then they have the same
Animals with stripes are zebras.
length.
53. conditional
The converse is formed by exchanging the SOLUTION:
hypothesis and conclusion of the conditional. To write these statements in conditional form,
Converse: If segments have the same length, then identify the hypothesis and conclusion. The word if is
they are congruent. The converse is true. not part of the hypothesis. The word then is not part
of the conclusion.
The inverse is formed by negating both the If an animal has stripes, then it is a zebra. The
hypothesis and conclusion of the conditional. conditional is false. Counterexample: A tiger has
Inverse: If segments are not congruent, then they do stripes.
not have the same length. The inverse is true.
The contrapositive is formed by negating both the 54. converse
hypothesis and the conclusion of the converse of the SOLUTION:
conditional.
The converse is formed by exchanging the
Contrapositive: If segments do not have the same
hypothesis and conclusion of the conditional.
length, then they are not congruent. The
If an animal is a zebra, then it has stripes. The
contrapositive is true.
converse is true.
52. A right triangle has an angle measure of 90.
55. inverse
SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:
If a triangle is right, then it has an angle measure of
The inverse is formed by negating both the
90.
hypothesis and conclusion of the conditional.
If an animal does not have stripes, then it is not aPage 8
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eSolutions converse is formed
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zebra. The inverse is true.
hypothesis and conclusion of the conditional.
Converse: If a triangle has an angle measure of 90, 56. contrapositive
SOLUTION: contains hydrogen.
The converse is formed by exchanging the If a compound contains hydroxide, it is a base. The
hypothesis and conclusion of the conditional. converse is true.
If an animal isStatements
2-3 Conditional a zebra, then it has stripes. The If a compound contains only hydrogen and carbon, it
converse is true. is a hydrocarbon. The converse is true.
SOLUTION: SOLUTION:
The contrapositive is formed by negating both the a. To write these statements in if-then form, identify
hypothesis and the conclusion of the converse of the the hypothesis and conclusion. The word if is not part
conditional. of the hypothesis. The word then is not part of the
If an animal is not a zebra, then it does not have conclusion.
stripes. The contrapositive is false. Counterexample: If a football team makes a touchdown, they get 6
A tiger has stripes. points; If a football team makes a two-point
conversion, they get 2 points; If a football team
57. SCIENCE Chemical compounds are grouped and makes a safety, they get 2 points.
described by the elements that they contain. Acids b. The converse is formed by exchanging the
contain hydrogen (H). Bases contain hydroxide hypothesis and conclusion of the conditional.
(OH). Hydrocarbons contain only hydrogen (H) and If a football team gets 6 points, they made a
carbon (C). touchdown. The converse is true.
If a football team gets 2 points, they made a two-
point conversion. The converse is false.
Counterexample: They could have gotten a safety;
If a football team gets 2 points, they made a safety.
the converse is false. Counterexample, They could
a. Write three conditional statements in if-then form have gotten a two-point conversion.
for classifying chemical compounds.
Use the Venn diagrams below to determine the
b. Write the converse of the three true conditional
truth value of each conditional. Explain your
statements. reasoning.
SOLUTION:
a. To write these statements in if-then form, identify
the hypothesis and conclusion. The word if is not part
of the hypothesis. The word then is not part of the
conclusion.
If a compound is an acid, it contains hydrogen. If a
compound is a base, it contains hydroxide. If a
compound is a hydrocarbon, it contains only
hydrogen and carbon.
b. The converse is formed by exchanging the
hypothesis and conclusion of the conditional.
If a compound contains hydrogen, it is an acid. The
converse is false. Counterexample: A hydrocarbon
contains hydrogen.
If a compound contains hydroxide, it is a base. The
converse is true.
If a compound contains only hydrogen and carbon, it 59. If a function is nonlinear, then it is quadratic.
is a hydrocarbon. The converse is true.
SOLUTION:
58. SPORTS In football, touchdowns are worth 6 points, The statement "If a function is nonlinear, then it is
extra point conversions are worth 2 points, and
eSolutions Manual - Powered by Cognero quadratic." is false. The blue area of the Venn Page 9
safeties are worth 2 points. diagram includes nonlinear functions but not
a. Write three conditional statements in if-then form quadratic functions. The diagram shows quadratics
for scoring in football.
point conversion. The converse is false. SOLUTION:
Counterexample: They could have gotten a safety; The statement "If a tree is deciduous, then it is not an
If a football team gets 2 points, they made a safety. evergreen." is true. The deciduous area and the
the converse Statements
2-3 Conditional is false. Counterexample, They could evergreen area have no common areas, so a
have gotten a two-point conversion. deciduous tree cannot be evergreen.
Use the Venn diagrams below to determine the 62. MULTIPLE REPRESENTATIONS In this
truth value of each conditional. Explain your problem, you will investigate a law of logic by using
reasoning. conditionals.
a. LOGICAL Write three true conditional
statements, using each consecutive conclusion as the
hypothesis for the next statement.
b. GRAPHICAL Create a Venn diagram to model
your series of statements.
c. LOGICAL Write a conditional using the
hypothesis of your first conditional and the conclusion
of your third conditional. Is the conditional true if the
hypothesis is true?
d. VERBAL Given two conditionals If a, then b and
If b, then c, make a conjecture about the truth value
of c when a is true. Explain your reasoning.
SOLUTION:
a.With consecutive conclusion, the conclusion is the
hypothesis of the next statement. If a, then b. If b,
then c, If c, then d.
59. If a function is nonlinear, then it is quadratic.
If you live in New York City, then you live in New
SOLUTION: York State; If you live in New York State, then you
The statement "If a function is nonlinear, then it is live in the United States; If you live in the United
quadratic." is false. The blue area of the Venn States, then you live in North America.
diagram includes nonlinear functions but not b. The figure in the venn diagram is nested.
quadratic functions. The diagram shows quadratics
are a part of the nonlinear functions, not the other
way around.
63. CCSS CRITIQUE Nicole and Kiri are evaluating 65. REASONING You are evaluating a conditional
the conditional If 15 is a prime number, then 20 is statement in which the hypothesis is true, but the
divisible by 4. Both think that the conditional is true, conclusion is false. Is the inverse of the statement
but their reasoning differs. Is either of them correct? true or false? Explain your reasoning.
Explain.
SOLUTION:
The inverse of a conditional statement in which the
hypothesis is true is true. Since the conclusion is
false, the
converse of the statement must be true. The
SOLUTION: converse and inverse are logically equivalent, so the
Kiri is correct. For the conditional statement "If 15 is inverse is also true.
a prime number, then 20 is divisible by 4." p is 15 is Consider the following truth table.
"a prime number", which is false and q is "20 is
divisible by 4" is true. When the hypothesis of a Conditional Converse Inverse
conditional is false, the conditional is always true. p q p→q q→p ~p→~q
Nicole, did not consider the truth value of the
hypothesis. T F F T T
64. CHALLENGE You have learned that statements
with the same truth value are logically equivalent. 66. OPEN ENDED Write a conditional statement in
Use logical equivalence to create a truth table that which the converse, inverse, and contrapositive are
summarizes the conditional, converse, inverse, and all true. Explain your reasoning.
contrapositive for the statements p and q.
SOLUTION:
SOLUTION: If four is divisible by two, then birds have feathers.
The conditional statement is (p → q ). The converse In order for the converse, inverse, and contrapositive
is formed by exchanging the hypothesis and to be true, the hypothesis and the conclusion must
conclusion of the conditional (q → p ). The inverse is both be either true or false.
formed by negating both the hypothesis and
conclusion of the conditional (~p → ~q). The p = " four is divisible by two" and q = "birds have
contrapositive is formed by negating both the feathers"
hypothesis and the conclusion of the converse of the
conditional (~q → ~p).
67. CHALLENGE The inverse of conditional A is 69. If the sum of the measures of two angles is 90,
given below. Write conditional A, its converse, and then the angles are complementary angles.
its contrapositve. Explain your reasoning. Which of the following is the converse of the
If I received a detention, then I did not arrive at conditional above?
school on time. A If the angles are complementary angles, then the
sum of the measures of two angles is 90.
SOLUTION:
B If the angles are not complementary angles, then
The inverse is formed by negating both the the sum of the measures of the angles is 90.
hypothesis and conclusion of the conditional. C If the angles are complementary angles, then the
The hypothesis q of the inverse statement is I
sum of the measures of the angles is not 90.
received a detention. The conclusion p of the
D If the angles are not complementary angles, then
inverse statement is I did not arrive at school on
time. the sum of the measures of two angles is not 90.
SOLUTION:
So the conditional A is : If I did not arrive at The converse is formed by exchanging the
school on time, then I received a detention. hypothesis and conclusion of the conditional.
The converse is formed by exchanging the A
hypothesis and conclusion of the conditional.
So the converse of statement A is : If I
arrived at school on time, then I did not receive a 70. ALGEBRA What is reduced to lowest
detention. terms?
The contrapositive is formed by negating both the F
hypothesis and the conclusion of the converse of the
conditional. G
The contrapositive of Statement A is : If I
did not receive a detention, then I arrived at school H
on time.
A If the angles are complementary angles, then the is 3, move the decimal point 3 places to the left.
sum of the measures of two angles is 90.
2-3 Conditional Statements
So, the correct option is G.
74.
SOLUTION:
Negate q finding the opposite truth values. Then find
the disjunction . A disjunction is true if at Make a conjecture based on the given
least one of the statements is true. information. Draw a figure to illustrate your
conjecture.
77. Points H, J, and K are each located on different
sides of a triangle.
SOLUTION:
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Since the points H, J, and K are each located on
different sides of a triangle, they are not on the same
line.
2-3 Conditional Statements
Thus, R, S, and T are collinear.
Make a conjecture based on the given 80. A(–1, –7), B(4, –7), C(4, –3), and D(–1, –3)
information. Draw a figure to illustrate your
conjecture. SOLUTION:
77. Points H, J, and K are each located on different Plot the points A(–1, –7), B(4, –7), C(4, –3), and D
sides of a triangle. (–1, –3) on a coordinate grid. Connect the points.
They form a quadrilateral with right angles and width
SOLUTION: of 5 units and length of 4.
Since the points H, J, and K are each located on
different sides of a triangle, they are not on the same
line.
Then H, J, and K are noncollinear.
86. (1 ) x + 9 = 4 – 3x
(2 ) 4x + 9 = 4
SOLUTION:
Add 3x to each side.
87. (1 )
(2 ) m = 6
82. RUNNING Ling is participating in a 5-kilometer
charity run next weekend. About how many miles is SOLUTION:
the race? Multiply each side by 3.
SOLUTION:
There are approximately 0.62 miles in a kilometer.