ART APPRECIATION
aesthetic way
1 HUMANITIES & ARTS
“Human is the measure of all things”
- Protagoras (481-414)
Humanities
 Latin: humanus
 Human, cultured, refined
 To be human: rationality, benevolence, care,
manner, proper educ.
 Manifested in all actions & thoughts
centered in human ideas
 Manner of expression varies on human
experiences
Fundamental Principles of Humanities
 Beliefs abt freedom
 Capable of making decisions
 Humans are inherently good
 Potential for growth & devt is unli
 Self concept – plays important role
 Urge for self-actualization
 Reality defined by each person
 Have responsibility to themselves and to
others
2 NATURE OF ARTS
Origin
 AR – Arian word, to join/ put together
 SARS/ARTIS – Latin word, everything is
artificially made
Arts is used to communicate
Adams (2002)
 Arts – skillfully arrangement of common but
significant qualities of nature
 Quals: sounds, colors, lines, movements
 To express feelings in an enjoyable &
Relationship of Humanities & Arts
 Deals w/ man’s internal world, personality
 Matters that cannot be directly classified &
measured but we just express it
Art is Subjective
 Matters to every person
 People have diff. perception
[2 Functions of Arts]
 FUNCTIONAL
o Useful to humans
o Buildings, chair, furniture
 NON-FUNCTIONAL
o Just made to serve purpose beyond
survival
o Aesthetics only/display
General Functions of Arts
 Human need for expression
o To exhibit what is hidden w/in out internal
world
 Social need for display, celeb, comm
o Use arts to communicate
o Used to share to others
o To impress & understand diff culture
 Physical need for functional obj.
o To make human life better that can be
artistically made
Arts as Viewed by Philosophy
 PHILOSOPHY – attempted to explain almost
all aspects of human existence
 AESTHETICS – study of beauty & taste
 (ex.: starry starry night became
popular recently )
 PLATO
o Famous for his dialogues Artists
o Loved & hated arts  Exhibit exceptional skills in visual &
o Considered arts as threatening performing arts
o Arts can be used to train citizens & have  More sensitive, very perceptive, more
ideal society creative
o FORMS – physical world is just a copy of  Known in their expertise
our minds/ideas
o Art is imitation – we copy what we think Artisans
(we materialize)
 Making things using hands
o Art is dangerous – has power to
 Industrial revolution
manipulat/relate the emotions (an
 Handicrafts (banig & shoes)
artwork may trigger one’s feelings)
o Art should be done minimally Different Art Forms

 ARISTOTLE Can be a talent or practiced

o GOOD – present itself in some action, can
 PAINTING
be seen in outputs o Pigment on canvas
o BEAUTY – exist even in motionless objs.
o Uses unique techniques
o Arts should be good & beautiful
 SCULPTURE
 IMMANUEL KANT o 3 dimensional, has figure itself
o Interest is not on the art but on beauty
o Beauty does not rest on the properties of
 ARCHITECTURE
the objs but on how people will o Designed for buildings, structures
see/respond to it
o Smart application of materials
o Beauty is a matter of taste
o It depends on people
 MUSIC
o Types of taste
o Express through sounds
- SUBJECTIVE TASTE
o Gives soothing effect from rhythm, melody
: does not focus on obj itself but on
the pleasure of the one who sees it
 DANCE
: depends on the perception of person
o Movement of body
: have diff & own taste
o Diff steps
- UNIVERSAL TASTE
: debunk aesthetics & does consider  LITERATURE
beauty of work o Anything written
: but artwork is appreciated for what it o Fiction & non fiction
is
: it becomes bandwagon effect,  THEATER
because many people like the artwork o Combination of all forms of art
o Performances of drama
 o Dialogues are recited
Appreciating Arts
 Give good physical description based on art
elements & materials
 Analyze the artwork of what artist want to
represent
 Perceive the artwork in the context, know
the background & msg supposed to convey
 Give meaning based on description, analysis
& context
 Judge the artwork whtether it is good/bad
(personal say)
 RELIGION
o Based on sacred context
 MYTHOLOGY
o Stories of gods & goddesses
 DREAMS & FANTASIES
o Intrigue of the unconscious
o For others to see and relate
 TECHNOLOGY
o Modern era (bldgs, machines, citysapes)
Ways of Presenting Arts

 NATURALISM
3 SUBJECT & CONTENT o Broad movement in 19th cent
o Represented things closer to the way we
Subject see them
o Extreme type of realism
 What the work represents
o Accurate & precise details
 Person/scene/event/entity
 Types
 REALISM
o REPRESENTATIONAL – objective
o Attempt of portraying subj as it is
o NON REPRESENTATIONAL – abstract
o Try to be objective as possible
Sources of Subject o Most popular way
o Work seem so real
 NATURE
o Most popular  ABSTRACTION
o Nature-inspired o To move away/sparate from
o Moves away from reality
 PEOPLE o Process of simplifying & reorganizing work
o Most interesting o Types
o Can offer clues to thoughts, moods, genre - DISTORTION
: subj is misshapen/twisted out
 HISTORY : dramatize the shapre or give
o Real events occured in the past emotional effect
o Purpose: commemorate events/teach - ELONGATION
history : stretched vertically or lengthened to
give impression of thinness
 LEGENDS - MANGLING
o Based on legends even when unverified : objs are cut, lacerated w/ repeated
o Brings life to those stories blows
- CUBISM
 : basic geometric shapes
 PERFORMING ARTISTS
 SYMBOLISM o Execution in front of audience
o Visible sign of something invisible idea o Dancer, singer, stage performer
o Hidden/other msg. o Hone skills through rehearsals
 FAUVISM
o Wild beasts
o Not express ethical, philo, psychol themes Medium
o Use bright colors that not reflect reality
 Materials used to communicate feelings
 DADAISM  VISUAL ARTS
o Doesn’t follow tradition & principles of art o Art form: sight
o Aim to show weakness o Materials can be seen & occupy space
o To shock/provoke w/ outrageous pieces o Graphic arts / 2d
o Plastic arts / 3d
 FUTURISM
o Wanted to capture speed force of modern  AUDITORY/TIME ARTS
society o Viewers can hear & experience in time
o Highlight modern life
 COMBINED ARTS
 SURREALISM o Ephemeral arts
o Super realism o Both time & space
o Emphasized activities of subconscious o Dance, drama, cinema
mind
Process of Art Production
o Show man’s inner mind
 MEDIUM
 EXPRESSIONALISM o Choice of medium should be guided by
o Emotions standards of artist
o Sadness, chaos, tragedy, defeat o Choice influenced by:
Availability of material

4 ARTISTS & THEIR MEDIUM

Nature & characteristics of material

Kinds of Artists
 VISUAL ARTISTS
o Painters, sculptors, archi
o Filmmakers & graphic what
o Use sense of sight
 CREATIVE ARTISTS
o Writing words, arranging musical notes
o To entice imagination & emotions
o Writers, poets, composers
 TECHNIQUE
o To produce effects that others can’t attain
o Differ from each other in technique on
same medium
 CURATION
o Latin – curare: take care
o Managing, assembling together an exhibit
for some typre of collection
o Curator – decides what obj to select to be
part of collection
Media of Arts : lightly drawn on top of existing color
but 1st layer still visible
 GRAPHIC / 2D - IMPASTO
 PLASTIC / 3D : thickly applying by hard pressing
 LITERATURE & COMBINED ARTS : opaque effect
- SGRAFITTO
: using blunt pen, scrapes then reveal
underlying color
: parang yung binibili dati na
Graphic / 2D kinakaskas yung black
o CHARCOAL
 DRAWING
- Organic medium from burnt wood
o sketch shows general organization/
- Compressed charcoal: made from
design being planned
loose charcoal mixed w binder
o MEDIA OF DRAWING
o PENCIL
o PAPER
- Graphite, diff. hardness/thickness
- Most common surface
- Higher B no. – softer lead & darker
tone
 PAINTING
- PENCIL TECHNIQUES
o Applying paint on surface
- HATCHING
o MEDIA FOR PAINTING
: parallel lines in same direction
- CROSS HATCHING o WATERCOLOR
: parallel lines criscrossing - Pigments mixed w water
- STIPPLING - Applied in layers
: sharp point to make dot patterns
- BLENDING o GOUACHE
: use finger/paper stump - Mixed w water & added chalk like to
: dark to light tone opaque effect

o INK o OIL PAINTS

- Oldest material in drawing - Mixed w oil
- Great variety of qualities - Tend to rise to the surface & form film
- Calligraphy w/c makes the color dull

o PASTEL o TEMPERA
- Old & dry pigment compressed to - Mixed w egg yolk
sticks - Ideal for wood
- PASTEL TECHNIQUES
- STIPPLING o FRESCO
: tip of pastel to produce marks - Mixed w water & applied on wall w
- FEATHERING wet plaster
: use point to make parallel strokes - Used for mural painting
- SCUMBLING
: layering but use of pastel  MOSAIC
 o Wall/floor deco made of small tiles/ Figures slightly raised from bg
irregularly cut pieces of stones/ glass - HIGH RELIEF
(tesserae) : almost half of figures projected

 COLLAGE o KINETIC
o Coller – to stick - Mobiles
o Pasting on firm support - Capable of movement by forms of
energy

 PRINT MAKING
o Making reproductions of graphic work o PROCESS OF SCULPTURE
o SUBTRACTIVE PROCESS
o Repeated transfer of master image from
printing plate - Removing/cutting away pieces
o TYPES OF PRINTING - Chisel, hammer, saw ....
o RELIEF PRINTING
o ADDITIVE PROCESS
- Raised
- Construction of figure
- Oldest method
- Putting together bits of material
- Cutting away certain parts
- Usually block of wood & leaving raised
o SUBSTITUTION
parts to produce image
- Casting
o INTALGIO PRINTING - Using mold to produce 3d figure
- Depressed
o MEDIA OF SCULPTURE
- Opposite of relief
- Lines of the image are cut or incised o STONE
to metal plate - Natural medium
- Hard & relatively permanent
o SURFACE PRINTING - Marble as most beautiful stone
- Flat surface
- Silkscreen o WOOD
- Natural medium
Plastic / 3D - Easy to work on
- Varies in hardness & durability
 SCULPTURE - Depending on type of tree
o Latin – sculpere – to carve
o TYPES OF SCULPTURE o METAL
o FREESTANDING - 3 UNIQUE QUALITIES
- Viewed from all sides : tensile, strength, durability &
malleability
o RELIEF - 3 TYPES
- Project from background - STAINLESS STEEL
- LLOW RELIEF : inox steel
: bas relief : combi of steel & chromium
 - BRONZE
: allow of 2 elements: tin & copper o DOME
: reddish - Shape of inverted cup
- BRASS - Base called drum
: allow of copper & zinc
: yellowish golden color o TRUSS
- Triangular forms to form rigid
o PLASTER framework
- Finely ground gypsum mixed w/ water
- Dries quickly depends on the size of o CANTILEVER
mold - Use beam/slab extend horizontally
beyond support post

o TERRA COTTA
- Cooked earth o BUTTRESS
- Baked clay/ fired in klin - Built as support for wall
- European churches to support dome
o GLASS called flying buttress
- Heating & cooling combi of sand &
soda lime o MEDIA OF ARCHITECTURE
- May be transparent, translucent/ o STONES & BRICKS
opaque - Favored for its durability, adaptibility
- Bricks comparerd favorably w
o PLASTIC stones
- Synthetic medium from organic
polymers o LUMBER
- Usually reproductions of original work - Disadvantages: susceptibility to fire,
mold & termites
 ARCHITECTURE
o Designing bldgs & structure o IRON & STEEL
o CONSTRUCTION PRINCIPLES - Most important innovation in archi
o POST & LINEL since ancient times
- 2 vertical support (post) spanned by - Provide stronger & taller structures
horizontal beam (lintel) w less use of materials compared to
stone
o ARCH
- Separate pieces of wedge-shaped o CONCRETE
blocks called voussoirs in semicircle - Mixture of cement & water
- Aggregates of sand & gravel
o BARREL VAULT - Free resting solid
- Similar to tunnel but has 2 openings Literature & Combined Arts
on each end
 LITERATURE
o GROIN VAULT
- Arches in four openings ( all sides)
o Spoken/written words & throw meanings : BASS
into forms w/c have artistic & emotional male, low & rich in quantity
appeal
o Language – medium of lit. : BARITONE
o POETRY male, bet tenor & bass
- Written in lines not sentences
- Follow strict rules to no. & lrngth of - INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC
lines & tanzas : STRING INSTRUMENTS
- Became free flowing Basic orchestral sounds
- Use figurative speeches Vibration of stretched strings

o FICTION BOWED STRINGS

- Not real, figurative language Bow of horse hair
- More structured than poetry
- Divided into chapters PLUCKED STRINGS
Plucking w finger/plectrum
o NON-FICTION
- Real life, real people, real world : WOODWIND INSTRUMENTS
- LITERARY NON FICTION Blowing
: biographies, autobiographies
- INFORMATIVE NON FICTION : BRASS INSTRUMENTS
: explain/inform abt situations Cup shaped mouth pieces & expand
to bell shaped end
o DRAMA
: PERCUSSION INSTRUMENTS
- All plays/any written meant to be
Hitting by hands, stick/shaking parts
performed
together
- Perform for audience

: KEYBOARD INSTRUMENTS
o MUSIC
Sounds of keyboard black & white
- Sounds of pitch to produce
keys
composition
- Express idea & feelings
- GENRES IN MUSIC
- MEDIA IN MUSIC
- CLASSICAL
- VOCAL MEDIUM
: european tradition
: oldest & most popular medium
: 1750-1830
: SOPRANO
- FOLK MUSIC
highest female
: traditional popular culture
: CONTRA ALTO
- POP
female, low & rich in quantity
: began 1950s
: inspired in traditional rock and roll
: TENOR
highest male
- JAZZ
: late 19th century & early 20th
 - GGENRES OF MOTION PICTURES
- BLUES - Feature films
: spiritual songs - Animated movies
: simple narrative ballads - Documentary
- Experimental
- ROCK MUSIC - Educational
: from rakenrol & pop music - PEOPLE BEHIND MOTION PIC
- Actor
- ALTERNATIVE MUSIC - Producer
: rock music from independent - Screenwriter
music of 1980s & popularity in - Director
1990

o DANCE
- Oldest of all arts
- Gesture exxpress emotions through
rhythmic movements
- TYPES
- ETHMOLOGIC DANCE
: folk dances w natl/cultural grp

- SOCIAL/BALLROOM
: generally performed in pairs

- BALLET
: royal courts of medieval era

- MUSICAL COMEDY (MUSICALE)

: one dance/grp of dances in theater

o DRAMA & THEATRE

- Intended to be acted in stage in
front of audience
- GENRES OF DRAMA
- Tragedy, melodrama, comedy,
satire, farce (emphasis on jokes are
exaggerated by character)

o CINEMA
- Also known as motion pictures
- Most popular forms of
entertainment