Flash Cards Green and Land Plants

5/24/2021 Printable Flash Cards
Term 1 Definition 1
What are two formal names for

Viridiplantae or Chlorobionta
the green plants?
Term 2 Definition 2
What are apomorphies for the Cellulosic cell wall; specialized

green plants? type of chloroplast.
Term 3 Definition 3
The bulk of the primary cell wall

of green plants is composed of
Cellulose - beta-1,4-
what substance? (Give the
glucopyranoside
common name and chemical
name.)
https://www.flashcardmachine.com/print/?topic_id=1212193 1/14
Term 4 Definition 4
Is the cell wall synthesized

inside or outside the plasma To the outside.
membrane?
Term 5 Definition 5
Chlorophyll b in addition to
What are the unique features of chlorophyll a, starch, and
green plant chloroplasts? thylakoid membranes structured
into grana.
Term 6 Definition 6
How are chloroplasts thought to

have originated (i.e., by what Endosymbiosis.
evolutionary process)?
Term 7 Definition 7
One in which adult individuals

are haploid and produce egg and
sperm, which fuse to form a
What is a haplontic life cycle? diploid zygote, which undergoes
Draw and label. meiosis to produce haploid
spores, which develop into new,
haploid adults.
*see figure 3.4
Term 8 Definition 8
Evolution of the egg, a relatively

What is oogamy?
large, non-motile gamete.
Term 9 Definition 9
Pores in the primary cell wall

throuhg which membranes
traverse between cells, allowing
for transfer of compounds
Describe and give the function of
between cells. May function in
plasmodesmata
more efficient or rapid transport
of solutes, including regulatory
and growth-mediating
compounds, such as hormones.
Term 10 Definition 10
What is the formal name for the

Embyrophyta.
land plants?
Sporophyte/embryo (2n), with

Name the major apomorphies of alternation of generations,
the land plants. cuticle, parenchyma, antheridia,
archegonia.
Draw and label the basic

haplodiplontic life cycle
(alternation of generations) of all
land plants, illustrating all
structures, processes, and
ploidy levels.
What is an embryo? An immature, diploid sporophyte
A reproductive structure
produced by the sporophyte,
What is a sporangium? cells of which (sporocytes)
undergo meiosis, producing
haploid spores.
a) A large increase in spore

production.
b) A diploid ploidy level, with an
increased fitness
Name the possible adaptive --by potentially preventing the
features of the sporophyte. expression of recessive,
deleterious alleles, or
-- by permitting increased
genetic variability in the
sporophyte generation (via
ti bi ti f t
A cuticle is a protective layer

that is secreted to the outside of
the cells of the epidermis. Cutin
is the substance, composed of a
What are cutin and cuticle and
polymer of fatty acids, that
what are their adaptive
impregnates the cuticle and the
significance?
outer, cellulosic cell wall of the
epidermis, functioning as a
sealant, preventing excess water
loss.
Apical growth is rapid cell
divisions at the apex of the stem,
shoot, and thallus or (in most
vascular plants) of the root, in
the region called the apical
Define apical growth and meristem. Parenchyma is tissue
parenchyma. consisting of cells that most
resemble the unspecialized,
undifferentiated cells of actively
dividing meristematic tissue, that
are (a) are elongate to
In land plants what is the name

of the pectic-rich layer between
Middle lamella.
adjacent cell walls that functions
to bind them together?
What is an antheridium? Draw

and label the parts.
Answer -
Gametangium that produces
haploid sperm cells.
What is an archegonium? Draw

and label the parts.
Answer - Gametangium that

produces a haploid egg cell.
Draw a phylogenetic tree

denoting relationships of the
liverworts, mosses, hornworts,
and vascular plants.
What is the formal name of the

Hepaticae.
liverworts?
Name two apomorphies of the

Elaters; oil cells.
liverworts.
Spore dispersal, by hygroscopic

What is the function of elaters?
movement
What are the two major

morphological forms of Thalloid and leafy. Thalloid is
liverworts? Which is likely likely ancestral.
ancestral?
Vegetative propagules and the

What are gemmae and gemma
cup-like structure that contains
cups?
them.
Very thin, in three rows. Most

Describe the morphology of the with two rows of larger leaves on
leaves of leafy liverworts. dorsal side, one row of smaller
leaves below.
a) Stalked structure that

produces antheridia on upper
What is an antheridiophore? An
surface;
archegoniophore?
b) Stalked structure that
produces archegonia beneath.
a) Made up of two, parallel cells,

guard cells, which by expansion
and contraction can control the
Describe the structural makeup
size of the opening between
and function of a stomate.
them (the stoma); b) to control
gas (water vapor, oxygen, carbon
dioxide) exchange.
What land plant groups possess All land plants except for the
stomates? liverworts.
What possible apomorphies may

Stomates and an aerial
be shared by the mosses,
sporophyte axis.
hornworts, and vascular plants?
What is the formal name of the

Musci.
mosses?
Name major apomorphies shared Hydroids, leptoids, gametophytic

by the mosses alone. leaves, perine in spore wall.
Calyptra - accrescent
archegonial neck, lifted up by
capsule during sporophyte
development; stipe - stalk of
What is a calyptra, stipe, sporophyte; operculum - cap of
operculum, peristome tooth? capsule, which comes off during
spore release; peristome tooth -
one of several, teeth-like
structures at perimeter of
capsule opening that control
Term 35
l Definition
b h 35
i
What is the scientific name of

Sphagnum.
peat moss?
What feature of the leaf anatomy Large, non-living, porous hyaline

of peat moss enables the leaves cells (surrounded by a network
to absorb and retain water? of chlorophyllous cells).
How is peat moss of economic Used as a fuel source and as a

importance? potting medium.
What is the formal name of

Anthocerotae.
hornworts?
Sporophyte has a foot embedded

in gametophyte (surrounded by
protective collar), has centripetal
Describe the major features of
growth, is elongate/cylindrical,
hornworts, citing how they differ
photosynthetic, splits into two
from the liverworts and mosses.
valves, and contains a central
columella and pseudo-elaters
surrounding spores.
What is the function of pseudo- Spore dispersal, by hygroscopic

elaters, and how do they differ movement. They differ in being
structurally from the elaters of composed of elongate, cohering
liverworts? cells.
Sporophyte is chlorophyllous,
What feature of the sporophyte
somewhat long-lived, with an
might unite the hornworts with
often lobed foot, resemling
the vascular plants?
rhizoids.
What apomorphy links the Pan-

Tracheophyta/polysporangiophyte
with the vascular plants?

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5/24/2021 Printable Flash Cards

What are two formal names for

What are apomorphies for the Cellulosic cell wall; specialized

The bulk of the primary cell wall

Is the cell wall synthesized

How are chloroplasts thought to

One in which adult individuals

*see figure 3.4

Evolution of the egg, a relatively

Pores in the primary cell wall

What is the formal name for the

Sporophyte/embryo (2n), with

Draw and label the basic

What is an embryo? An immature, diploid sporophyte

a) A large increase in spore

A cuticle is a protective layer

In land plants what is the name

What is an antheridium? Draw

What is an archegonium? Draw

Answer - Gametangium that

Draw a phylogenetic tree

What is the formal name of the

Name two apomorphies of the

Spore dispersal, by hygroscopic

What are the two major

Vegetative propagules and the

Very thin, in three rows. Most

a) Stalked structure that

a) Made up of two, parallel cells,

What possible apomorphies may

What is the formal name of the

Name major apomorphies shared Hydroids, leptoids, gametophytic

What is the scientific name of

What feature of the leaf anatomy Large, non-living, porous hyaline

How is peat moss of economic Used as a fuel source and as a

What is the formal name of

Sporophyte has a foot embedded

What is the function of pseudo- Spore dispersal, by hygroscopic

What apomorphy links the Pan-

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