LWT - Food Science and Technology 62 (2015) 76e82

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LWT - Food Science and Technology

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Nutritional contents of advanced breeding clones of Solanum

tuberosum group Phureja
~ a a, Luz-Patricia Restrepo-Sa
Clara Pen nchez a, Ajjamada Kushalappa b,
ez-Cuenca a, *
Luis-Ernesto Rodríguez-Molano c, Teresa Mosquera c, Carlos-Eduardo Narva
a
Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Calle 45 26-85, Edificio 451, Bogota , Colombia
b
Plant Science Department, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada
c
Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Calle 45 26-85, Edificio 500, Bogota, Colombia

a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t

Article history: Nutritional contents of seven advanced breeding clones (AC) of potato (Solanum tuberosum group
Received 23 September 2014 Phureja) and two commercial cultivars, Criolla Colombia and Criolla Galeras, of S. tuberosum group
Received in revised form Phureja as control were evaluated. Fat, protein, ash, dietary fibre, and mineral contents were determined
8 January 2015
in whole boiled tubers. The AC-04 had the highest levels of protein (9.7 g/100 g dried weight, DW) and
Accepted 11 January 2015
Available online 26 January 2015
magnesium (107.0 mg/100 g DW) as compared to Criolla Colombia (4.0 g of protein/100 g DW and
99.5 mg of magnesium/100 g DW) and Criolla Galeras (3.1 g of protein/100 g DW and 95.0 mg of
magnesium/100 g DW). The highest contents of fat (0.7 g/100 g DW), soluble dietary fibre (4.9 g/
Keywords:
Solanum tuberosum group Phureja
100 g DW), and manganese (0.8 mg/100 g DW) were found in AC-09, values that represented 3.9, 1.7, and
Potato 1.2 fold increase as compared to Criolla Colombia, respectively, and 3.9, 1.8, and 1.1 fold increase as
Proximate analysis compared to Criolla Galeras. The AC-51 had the highest content of insoluble dietary fibre (13.8 g/
Mineral content 100 g DW). Among all genotypes the AC-52 had the highest contents of iron (1.3 fold increase), zinc (1.2
Nutrition fold increase), and calcium (1.3 fold increase) as compared to Criolla Colombia.
© 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

1. Introduction Potato tubers are considered to be a good source of iron and

Potato is an Andean ancestral food and it is one of the most
consumed food crop worldwide (Mosquera et al., 2013; Visser et al.,
2009). It is estimated that more than 5000 varieties of potato are
consumed around the world (Hawkes, 1990) and the most diverse
wild cultivars are located in the Andes. This diversity suggests a
considerable variability in their nutritional composition (Andre 
et al., 2009). Among Andean potatoes, the clones belonging to the
Solanum tuberosum group Phureja have the best ability to cross
with other potato genotypes because of their wild nature and
accordingly they have been used extensively in potato breeding
programs (Juyo , Gerena, & Mosquera, 2011). The Phureja group is
diploid (2n ¼ 24) and is geographically distributed from north
Bolivia to south-west Colombia (Estrada, 1996). Tubers of
S. tuberosum group Phureja have high variability in shape ranging
from spherical to ovoid, and colour ranging from yellow to purple,
both in pulp and skin (Bonierbale et al., 2004).
* Corresponding author. Tel.: þ57 1 3165000x14458/19102.
E-mail address: cenarvaezc@unal.edu.co (C.-E. Narv
aez-Cuenca).
zinc. For instance, native cooked Andean potato tubers have con-
centrations of iron ranging from 1.0 to 2.2 mg/100 g dry weight
(DW) and concentrations of zinc ranging from 0.9 to 1.6 mg/
100 g DW (Burgos, Amoros, Morote, Stangoulis, & Bonierbale,
2007). In Colombia the frequency of consumption of potato is
54.5%, fourth place after rice, oil, and sugar, with an average daily
consumption of 231 g (ENSIN, 2005). Protein, iron, zinc, and cal-
cium deficiency was reported to be 36.0, 14.9, 62.3, and 85.8%,
respectively, in Colombian population (ENSIN, 2005). Consumption
of potato tubers with high nutritional content might be a good
alternative to contribute to fulfil the recommended nutrient intake.
The Colombian advanced clones of S. tuberosum group Phureja
were evaluated for their nutritional contents to select the best for
production by communities in Colombia. This is the first study in
Colombia that reports nutritional quality on the above-mentioned
advanced breeding clones (AC). These nutritionally rich potato
genotypes can strengthen the agriculture-nutrition link. The
objective of this study was to perform the proximate analysis and
determine the mineral content of seven AC of S. tuberosum group
Phureja and rank them relative to two commercial cultivars.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2015.01.038
0023-6438/© 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
 ~ a et al. / LWT - Food Science and Technology 62 (2015) 76e82
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2. Methods and materials
2.1. Plant material
Hybridization was performed in the initial phase of the breeding
program of S. tuberosum group Phureja of Universidad Nacional de
Colombia to develop the new potato cultivars with high yield and
resistance to both Phythoptora infestans and Potato yellow vein virus
e PYVV. Simple hybrids were obtained. From different crosses
around 2300 simple hybrids were derived in 2008. These hybrids
were multiplied using cloning of tubers which allows to fix the
phenotypic characteristics. A total of 100 genotypes were selected
during 2009, designated as AC, and coded as AC-01 to AC-100. In a
second selection, considering yield and resistance to late blight, 30
genotypes from different trials in different locations and crop cycles
in 2010, were chosen. From these 30 genotypes, seven clones were
chosen (Table 1) and further evaluated for nutritional composition.
These clones were grown in Obonuco, Narin ~ o, Colombia (01110 N
 0
with 77 18 W and 2871 m above sea level). The experiment was
conducted as a randomized complete block with nine potato ge-
notypes, including seven AC and two commercial cultivars, Criolla
Colombia and Criolla Galeras as control. Experiments had three
biological replicates. Each experimental unit consisted of three
tubers sown in one line. The plants were cultivated according to the
local recommendations of potato cultural practices. The tubers
were harvested at maturity and stored at 4  C for less than a day.
2.2. Analysis of macronutrient contents
Tubers were washed and classified according to the size based
on equatorial diameter measured using a gauge. Unpeeled potato
tubers are typically consumed in Colombia after boiling (ENSIN,
2005). Accordingly, the whole unpeeled tubers were boiled at
92  C with different volumes of potable water according to their
equatorial diameter: 3.0e3.9 cm boiled for 20 min in tuber
weight:water (g:mL) ratio of 1:3, 4.0e5.9 cm boiled for 25 min in a
ratio of 1:4, and greater than 6.0 cm boiled for 30 min in a ratio of
1:3. Tubers were then cooled in an ice bath for 5 min and allowed to
dry at room temperature. A sample was taken to determine water
content and the remaining material was cut into slices, frozen in
liquid nitrogen, and stored at 80  C. The frozen material was
freeze-dried, ground using a domestic blender to less than 0.2 mm
particle diameter, enclosed in sealed polyethylene bags, and stored
in a desiccator at room temperature until use.
The nutritional components were analysed according to the
methods recommended by the Association of Analytical Chemists
(AOAC, 1995). Water content was determined with a vacuum oven
at 70  C (AOAC 931.04). Fat content was measured based on the
Goldfish method with petroleum ether as extraction solvent (AOAC
963.15). Protein content was evaluated based on the Kjeldahl
Table 1
Characteristics of the analysed potato cultivars.
Genotypes Genealogy
Advanced clones
04 Criolla Guanen ~ a  Criolla Galeras
09 Criolla Guanen ~ a  Criolla Galeras
50 Criolla Latina  Criolla Colombia
51 Criolla Latina  Criolla Colombia
52 Criolla Latina  Criolla Colombia
59 Criolla Latina  Criolla Colombia
64 Criolla Galeras  Criolla Guanen ~a
Commercial cultivars
Criolla Colombia Clonal selection of yellow round genotypes (yolk egg)
Criolla Galeras Criolla Colombia  Yellow variety Tumbay (Solanum goniocalyx)
77
method (AOAC 970.22), using a conversion factor of 6.25, and ash
content was determined based on the calcination method at 550  C
(AOAC 972.15). Soluble and insoluble dietary fibres were estimated
by the enzymatic-gravimetric method (AOAC 985.29). The carbo-
hydrate content was calculated by subtracting the sum of percent
ash, fat, protein, and soluble and insoluble dietary fibre contents
from 100. Energy (E, kcal/100 g DW) was calculated by the formula:
E ¼ [(g Fat/100 g DW)  (9 kcal/g)] þ [(g Protein/
100 g DW)  (4 kcal/g)] þ [(g Carbohydrate/100 g DW)  (4 kcal/g)].
All contents were expressed as g/100 g of boiled potato, in both
fresh weight (FW) and DW basis, except the water content and the
dry matter content which were expressed only in FW basis.
2.3. Analysis of macromineral and trace mineral contents
The whole potato tubers were washed in distilled water and,
different to the “analysis of macronutrient contents” procedure,
dipped in a 0.25 mol/L HCl aqueous solution for 10 min to eliminate
soil impurities. Then the tubers were boiled in de-ionized water as
described above. Boiled tubers were sliced, frozen in liquid nitro-
gen, and stored at 80  C. The frozen boiled tubers were freeze-
dried and milled and a sample of 0.6 g was digested in a mixture
of HClO4:HNO3 (10:1, mL:mL) in pyrex tubes (Wheal, Fowles, &
Palmer, 2011). Once digestion was completed the clear solution
was taken to a 25.0 mL volumetric flask and topped up with de-
ionized water. Mineral contents were measured in the solutions
using the inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectros-
copy (ICP-OES) (Spectro Analytical Instruments, Kleve, Germany).
Mineral contents were expressed as mg/100 g of boiled potato, both
on FW and DW basis (Wheal et al., 2011).
2.4. Statistical analysis
A one-way analysis of variance was performed. Comparisons
among means were performed by the Fischer test. Pearson's cor-
relation among variables was evaluated considering p < 0.05.
Statistical analyses were performed using Statgraphics Centurion
version XVI (STATGRAPHICS® Centurion XVI, 2010). The data
included the amount of different nutritional components
measured in three biological samples and averaged per replicate.
The results were expressed as means with their standard
deviation.
3. Results and discussion
3.1. Macronutrient contents
Water, protein, fat, ash, soluble and insoluble dietary fibre
contents significantly varied among genotypes (Fig. 1). Water
content ranged from 76.1 to 81.0 g/100 g FW. The highest value of
Yield (kg/h) Level of resistance to P. infestans
37,100 High
33,100 High
34,600 Medium
34,400 Medium
36,100 Low
37,400 Medium
32,800 High
33,500 Low
33,400 Medium
78 ~ a et al. / LWT - Food Science and Technology 62 (2015) 76e82
C. Pen

Fig. 1. Proximate composition of the advanced breeding clones (AC), Criolla Colombia (Col) and Criolla Galeras (Gal). The vertical bars represent the standard deviation. Different
letters above the standard deviation bars indicate significant differences (p < 0.05).

water content was found in AC-04 and the lowest in AC-64. The dry
matter content ranged from 19.0 to 23.9 g/100 g FW, and this range
was similar to the one reported in raw unpeeled potato varieties
(from 19.9 to 23.3 g/100 g FW) (Kita, 2002). Among genotypes the
AC-64 had the highest dry matter content, which represented an
increase of up to 1.3 fold increase when compared to Criolla
Colombia and Criolla Galeras.
Protein content among the genotypes ranged from 2.9 to 9.7 g/
100 g DW, with 9.7 g/100 g DW in AC-04, 9.5 g/100 g DW in AC-09,
and 9.3 g/100 g DW in AC-51. Among the advanced breeding clones
the AC-04 had the highest fold increase of 3.1 of protein as compared
to Criolla Galeras and 2.4 of protein as compared to Criolla Colombia.
Protein contents of the advanced breeding clones were within the
range reported in raw potato (from 5.4 to 10.6 g/100 g DW) (Liu,
 ~ a et al. / LWT - Food Science and Technology 62 (2015) 76e82
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Tarn, Lynch, & Skjodt, 2007). When expressed in FW protein content
in the advanced breeding clones varied from 0.6 to 2.1 g/100 g FW,
with AC-09 and AC-51 with the highest contents. The aforemen-
tioned values were within those reported in raw potato cultivars
(from 0.9 to 4.2 g/100 g FW) (Burlingame, Mouille , & Charrondie
re,
2009). Though potatoes are not usually considered as an important
source of protein, its quality has food desirable properties because it
has a well balanced amino acid profile (Murniece et al., 2011), such
as lysine, methionine, tryptophan, and threonine (Camire, Kubow, &
Donnelly, 2009). We did not perform assays about protein digest-
ability, nevertheless it has been found that protein from potato tu-
bers has excellent biological value (BV), with a BV of 90e100
compared with whole egg (BV 100), soybean (BV 84), and beans (BV
73) (Camire et al., 2009). The recommended protein intake per day
for male and female aged from 19 to 50 years old (USDA, 2002) is 56/
46 g (male/female). The consumption of 231 g FW of the AC-09 and
AC-51 provides a recommended daily protein intake of 9% for male
and 11% for female whereas Criolla Colombia provides only 3% for
male and 4% for female.
Fig. 2. Macrominerals contents in the advanced breeding clones (AC), Criolla Colombia (Col) and Criolla Galeras (Gal). The vertical bars represent the standard deviation. Different
letters above the standard deviation bars indicate significant differences (p < 0.05).
79
Fat content of the advanced clones ranged from 0.1 to 0.7 g/
100 g DW. The advanced clones with the highest fat content were
AC-09 ¼ 0.7 g/100 g DW and AC-64 ¼ 0.6 g/100 g DW. The fat
contents of the three advanced breeding clones: AC-09, AC-52, and
AC-64, were 2.4e3.9 folds higher than those in commercial culti-
vars (Criolla Colombia and Criolla Galeras). These results reafirm
that potato is a food that provides low amounts of fat in diet
(Zaheer & Akhtar, 2014).
The ash content varied little among genotypes (from 4.3 to 5.1 g/
100 g DW). While the AC-50 had an ash content identical to the
control samples, the other advanced breeding clones presented an
increase of just 1.1 fold as compared to Criolla Colombia. Ash con-
tent, when expressed in fresh weight (from 0.7 to 1.1 g/100 g FW),
was comparable to that value reported in boiled potato (0.9 g/
100 g FW) (Camire et al., 2009).
Soluble fibre content raged from 1.0 g/100 g DW in AC-64 to 4.9 g/
100 g DW in AC-09. While the soluble fibre content in Criolla Galeras
was 2.8 g/100 g DW, in Criolla Colombia it was 3.0 g/100 g DW. The
AC-09 had, therefore, a soluble fibre content that represented up to
80 ~ a et al. / LWT - Food Science and Technology 62 (2015) 76e82
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1.8 fold increase as compared to controls. Interestingly, three of the
advanced breeding clones and the two controls exceed the soluble
dietary fibre reported for rice bran (2.7 g/100 g DW) (Daou & Zhang,
2014) and five of the advanced breeding clones together with the
two controls exceed the soluble dietary fibre reported for corn (1.5 g/
100 g DW) (Picolli da Silva & Santorio Ciocca, 2005). The insoluble
dietary fibre content ranged from 6.3 g/100 g DW in AC-64 (0.5 fold
change as compared to Criolla Colombia) to 13.8 g/100 g DW in AC-
51 (1.1 fold change as compared to Criolla Colombia). The insoluble
dietary fibre content found in Criolla Galeras (11.5 g/100 g DW) was
similar to that of Criolla Colombia (12.3 g/100 g DW). The range
found for the nine genotypes is lower than that reported for rice
bran (30.2 g/100 g DW) (Daou & Zhang, 2014), but similar to the
content in corn (11.5 g/100 g DW) (Picolli da Silva & Santorio Ciocca,
2005). It has been reported that the skin of potato contains
considerably more total dietary fibre than the flesh and that the
cooking treatments increase the insoluble fibre (Mullin & Smith,
1991; Reistad & Hagen, 1986). The relatively high contents of di-
etary fibre in some of the advanced breeding clones are of interest
since the soluble dietary fibre has cholesterol-lowering and hypo-
glycemic effects (Lærke, Meyer, Kaack, & Larsen, 2007) and the
insoluble dietary fibre has water absorption and intestinal regula-
tion properties (Oh, Bae, & Lee, 2014). The USDA (2002) recom-
mends a daily intake of 38/25 g (male/female, both from 19 to 50
years old) of total dietary fibre. If express in FW, the AC-51 had the
highest total dietary fibre content (3.9 g/100 g FW). Taking the USDA
recommendation into account, the consumption of 231 g FW of the
AC-51 provides 24% for male and 36% for female of total dietary fibre.
This contribution is higher than those provided by Criolla Colombia
(18% for male and 27% for female) and Criolla Galeras (17% for male
and 25% for female).
The carbohydrate content ranged from 68.7 g/100 g DW in AC-
04 to 84.6 g/100 g DW in AC-64, with starch as the main carbo-
hydrate in potato according to Murniece et al. (2011).
Fig. 3. Trace minerals contents in the advanced breeding clones (AC), Criolla Colombia (Col) and Criolla Galeras (Gal). The vertical bars represent the standard deviation. Different
letters above the standard deviation bars indicate significant differences (p < 0.05).
3.2. Mineral contents
The macrominerals Ca, K, P, Mg, Na, and S statistically varied
among the genotypes (Fig. 2). Ca content ranged from 10.5 mg/
100 g DW in AC-59 to 15.5 mg/100 g DW in Criolla Colombia. The
commercial cultivars and advanced breeding clones analysed
here are a poor source of Ca in agreement to what was found by
Andre et al. (2007). K content ranged from 1963.3 mg/100 g DW
in Criolla Galeras to 2466.7 mg/100 g DW in AC-64 (1.3 fold in-
crease as compared to Criolla Galeras and 1.0 fold increase as
compared to Criolla Colombia). P content ranged from 162.0 mg/
100 g DW in AC-04 to 220.0 mg/100 g DW in AC-51 (1.4 fold
increase as compared to Criolla Galeras and 1.0 fold increase as
compared to Criolla Colombia). In the case of Mg, its values
ranged from 95.0 mg/100 g DW in Criolla Galeras to 107.0 mg/
100 g DW in AC-04 (1.1 fold increase as compared to either
Criolla Colombia or Criolla Galeras). The AC-09, AC-50, and AC-59
had the lowest content of Na (0.7 mg/100 g DW), while Criolla
Galeras had the highest (1.2 mg/100 g DW). All advanced
breeding clones had Na contents identical or lower than the
controls. The content of S ranged from 108.3 mg/100 g DW in
Criolla Galeras to 151.0 mg/100 g DW in AC-64 (1.4 fold increase
as compared to Criolla Galeras or 1.3 fold increase as compared to
Criolla Colombia).
Fe and Cu contents significantly varied among genotypes, but
not the Zn and Mn contents (Fig. 3). The AC-09 (2.3 mg/100 g DW),
AC-52 (2.4 mg/100 g DW), and AC-64 (2.3 mg/100 g DW) had the
highest contents of Fe while Criolla Colombia (1.8 mg/100 g DW)
had the lowest. Thus, up to a 1.3 fold increase in Fe content was
achieved in the advanced breeding clones as compared to controls.
The range of the Fe content found in the current study is within the
range reported in twelve cooked Andean potatoes (ranging from 1.0
to 2.2 mg/100 g DW) (Burgos et al., 2007). A much greater Fe
content (5.8 mg/100 g DW) was reported in two raw genotypes of
 ~ a et al. / LWT - Food Science and Technology 62 (2015) 76e82
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Table 2
Multiple correlation values among the observed variables.

Ca Ash CH Cu Fe IDF SDF Fat Moisture K Mg Mn DM Na P Protein S Zn

Ca 0.03 0.07 0.15 0.30 0.15 0.00 0.17 0.15 0.24 0.18 0.25 0.15 0.31 0.09 0.23 0.18 0.32
Ash 0.03 0.13 0.12 0.30 0.12 0.32 0.55 0.39 0.32 0.03 0.20 0.39 0.27 0.00 0.04 0.15 0.31
CH 0.07 0.13 0.11 0.15 0.65 0.59 0.16 0.19 0.08 0.43 0.25 0.19 0.31 0.19 0.88 0.19 0.33
Cu 0.15 0.12 0.11 0.09 0.00 0.16 0.07 0.44 0.24 0.18 0.31 0.44 0.08 0.13 0.10 0.08 0.09
Fe 0.30 0.30 0.15 0.09 0.38 0.04 0.43 0.13 0.28 0.14 0.13 0.21 0.04 0.29 0.02 0.66 0.67
IDF 0.15 0.12 0.65 0.00 0.38 0.05 0.72 0.40 0.13 0.31 0.00 0.40 0.43 0.09 0.33 0.58 0.15
SDF 0.00 0.32 0.59 0.16 0.04 0.05 0.26 0.02 0.12 0.19 0.07 0.02 0.22 0.13 0.44 0.01 0.15
Fat 0.17 0.55 0.16 0.07 0.43 0.72 0.26 0.51 0.24 0.17 0.03 0.51 0.26 0.03 0.06 0.46 0.16
Moisture 0.15 0.39 0.19 0.44 0.21 0.40 0.02 0.51 0.33 0.08 0.11 1.00 0.05 0.26 0.08 0.35 0.10
K 0.24 0.32 0.08 0.24 0.28 0.13 0.12 0.24 0.33 0.14 0.20 0.33 0.43 0.69 0.15 0.33 0.28
Mg 0.18 0.03 0.43 0.18 0.14 0.31 0.19 0.17 0.08 0.14 0.80 0.08 0.28 0.13 0.39 0.39 0.49
Mn 0.25 0.20 0.25 0.31 0.13 0.00 0.07 0.03 0.11 0.20 0.80 0.11 0.25 0.01 0.41 0.42 0.28
DM 0.15 0.39 0.19 0.44 0.21 0.40 0.02 0.51 1.00 0.33 0.08 0.11 0.05 0.26 0.08 0.35 0.10
Na 0.31 0.27 0.31 0.08 0.04 0.43 0.22 0.26 0.05 0.43 0.28 0.25 0.05 0.19 0.31 0.18 0.03
P 0.09 0.00 0.19 0.13 0.29 0.09 0.13 0.03 0.26 0.69 0.13 0.01 0.26 0.19 0.19 0.09 0.13
Protein 0.23 0.04 0.88 0.10 0.02 0.33 0.44 0.06 0.08 0.15 0.39 0.41 0.08 0.31 0.19 0.08 0.32
S 0.18 0.15 0.19 0.08 0.66 0.58 0.01 0.46 0.35 0.33 0.39 0.42 0.35 0.18 0.09 0.08 0.46
Zn 0.32 0.31 0.33 0.09 0.67 0.15 0.15 0.16 0.10 0.28 0.49 0.28 0.10 0.03 0.13 0.32 0.46

The values in bold indicate significant correlation (p < 0.05).

IDF: Insoluble dietary fibre. SDF: Soluble dietary fibre. DM: Dry matter.

S. tuberosum group Phureja (Andre et al., 2007). Ascorbic acid en-
hances the Fe bioavailability in food. Concentration of ascorbic acid
in yellow-fleshed potato has been reported to be, as a mean, around
18.6 mg/100 g FW (CIP, 2014). This compound is a reducing agent
that converts Fe3þ to Fe2þ, which is a more soluble and bioavailable
form. In addition, potato has low contents of inhibitors, such as
phytates (Camire et al., 2009). These compounds are responsible for
low mineral bioavailability in vegetable-based food, such as le-
gumes, which despite having high iron contents, have low
bioavailability. They are powerful divalent (e.g. Fe2þ) and trivalent
(e.g. Fe3þ) cation chelating agents. Phytates are responsible for the
unavailability of iron to cells to incorporate them to proteins, but on
the contrary, it stays attached to the chelating agent and, in that
way, it is excreted with urine (Huang et al., 2013; Mitchikpe et al.,
2008). Concentration of phytates in raw potato has been reported
to range between 111 and 270 mg/100 g DW (Phillippy, Lin, & Rasco,
2004), much lower than the contents in legumes such as red kidney
beans (616 mg/100 g DW) (Israr, Frazier, & Gordon, 2013). The
recommended iron intakes per day for male and female aged from
19 to 50 years old with 10% bioavailability are 13.7 and 29.4 mg,
respectively (FAO/WHO, 2001). The AC-64 had the highest Fe
content if expressed in FW (0.5 mg/100 g FW). A serving portion of
231 g FW a day of this advanced breeding clone would provide 9% of
the required Fe for male and 4% of the required Fe for female. Criolla
Colombia and Criolla Galeras might cover only 6% for male and 3%
for female.
The Zn content ranged from 1.3 mg/100 g DW (Criolla Colombia,
Criolla Galeras, and AC-64) to 1.5 mg/100 g DW (AC-04, AC-51, and
AC-52, 1.2 fold increase as compared to either Criolla Colombia or
Criolla Galeras). The range of the Zn content found in the current
study is within the one reported in cooked Andean potatoes
(ranging from 0.9 to 1.6 mg/100 g DW) (Burgos et al., 2007). Other
authors reported the Zn content in raw potato to vary from 1.9 to
2.1 mg/100 g DW (Andre et al., 2007). Zn is another trace element
that decreases its availability with high content of phytates
(Yonekura & Suzuki, 2003), but in potato this inhibitor has low
values that can increase the bioavailability of Zn in the diet. A
serving portion of 231 g FW of the AC-09, AC-51, AC-59, and AC-64
could provide 10/14% of Zn for male/female according to the rec-
ommended daily intake, with moderate bioavailability (FAO/WHO,
2001). These values were higher than those provided by Criolla
Colombia (8/11% for male/female) or by Criolla Galeras (8/12% for
male/female).
While Mn content ranged from 0.6 mg/100 g DW in AC-64 to
0.8 mg/100 g DW in AC-09, the content of Cu ranged from 0.2 mg/
100 g DW in Criolla Colombia to 0.3 mg/100 g DW in AC-51. These
values are greater than those reported by Burlingame et al. (2009)
in raw potato tubers (from 0.1 to 0.4 mg/100 g DW for Mn and from
0.1 to 0.2 mg/100 g DW for Cu). Since all potato genotypes were
grown under the same conditions the differences found in mineral
concentration are considered to be due to differences in genetic
composition of genotypes (Ka €renlampi & White, 2009).
3.3. Correlations among variables
There were strong positive correlations between the minerals Fe
and S (0.66), Fe and Zn (0.67), Mg and Mn (0.80), and P and K (0.69)
(Table 2). Burgos et al. (2007) indicated that the correlation be-
tween Fe and Zn may vary depending on the geographical region:
0.52 (Inyaya, Perú) and 0.54 (Aymara, Perú). Correlation between P
and K in potato is considered to be due to the oxidative potential of
the plant, mediated by ascorbic acid (Haase, Schüler, & Heß, 2007;
Pietrzyk et al., 2013). Strong negative correlations between carbo-
hydrate and insoluble dietary fibre (0.65), carbohydrate and sol-
uble dietary fibre (0.59), carbohydrate and protein (0.88), and
insoluble dietary fibre and S (0.58) contents were found in our
study.
4. Conclusions
In general, the advanced breeding clones have higher values of
protein, dietary fibre, and mineral contents than the commercial
cultivars. The AC-04 had the highest levels of protein and Mg. The
highest contents of soluble dietary fibre and Mn were found in AC-
09. Insoluble dietary fibre content was the highest in AC-51. The
highest contents of Fe, Zn, and Ca were found in AC-52. K and S
contents were the highest in AC-64.
Acknowledgement
This project was supported by the International Development
Research Center and Department of Foreign Affairs, Trade and
Development Canada (Project number 106926, “Improving Potato
Production for Increasing Food Security of Indigenous Communities
in Colombia”). The authors are grateful with Ministry of Environ-
ment and Sustainable Development for the granted access to
82 ~ a et al. / LWT - Food Science and Technology 62 (2015) 76e82
C. Pen
S. tuberosum group Phureja genetic resources through the Contract
No. 53.
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