MEMO

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Student Number: 11/ May/ 2021

1. Give two advantages of using the oven drying methods for moisture analysis.
(2)
2. State two reasons why the larger particles of a precipitate are preferred over smaller
particles. (2)

3. The chloride content of a sample was determined by precipitation as silver

chloride. 4.015g of the sample was dissolved in water, excess silver nitrate was
added, and the excess silver chloride was dried and weighed. The mass of
silver chloride collected was 0.2045g. Calculate the percent of chloride in the
sample. (The molar mass of silver chloride is 143.35 gmol-1). (3)

4. A combustion of a 0.2000 g sample of a compound made up of only carbon, hydrogen,

and oxygen yields 0.200 g H2O and 0.4880 g CO2.
4.1 Calculate the moles of H2O. (1)

5. Gravimetric analysis one of the most accurate and precise methods of macro-
quantitative analysis. List the steps involved in a gravimetric analysis (4)

6. The formation of a precipitate depends on the relationship between the

concentration product (Qsp) of the ions and the value of the Ksp.

6.1 Describe the common ion effect. (2)

7. An iron ore was analyzed by dissolving a 1.1324 g sample in concentrated HCl. The
resulting solution was then diluted with water, and the iron(III) was precipitated as the
hydrous oxide Fe2O3.xH2O by addition of NH3. After filtration and washing, the residue
was ignited at high temperature to give 0.5394 g pure Fe 2O3 (fwt 159.69 g/mol).
Calculate the % Fe (fwt 55.847 g/mol) in the sample.

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8. Briefly explain the procedures that may be used for removing the moisture from food
samples without altering the components of the sample or decomposing the sample.
(4)

9. Indicate whether each of the following statement (9.1 to 9.5) is true or false.

9.1 Water soluble ash is extracted with hot organic acid.

9.2 The ash content represents the organic matter in fermentation process.

9.3 Total dissolved solids are determined based on the difference of the total solids
and suspended solids.

9.4 Gravimetric methods of analysis are fast and accurate.

9.5 Determination of ash content is important in quality control of foodstuff.

9.6 Give three differences between colloidal and crystalline precipitate. (3)

10. Calcium in a 200 mL sample of natural water was determined by precipitating the
calcium cation as calcium oxalate (CaC2O4). The precipitate was filtered, washed,
and ignited in a crucible with an empty mass of 26.6002 g. The mass of a crucible
plus calcium oxide was 26.7134 g. Calculate the concentration (units in grams per
100 mL) of calcium in water. (7)

11. A solution was prepared by dissolving 1.26 g calcium carbonate (CaCO 3) in a

250mL volumetric flask and diluting to volume.

11.1. How many millimoles of sodium carbonate were dissolved? (3)

11.2 Calculate the molarity of the sodium carbonate solution. (2)

12. Determine the volume of 6.00 mol.dm3 H2SO4 solution required to prepare 3.00
dm3 of 0.08 mol.dm3 H2SO4. (3)

13. Give four requirements of a primary standard. (4)

14. List four desirable properties of a precipitating reagent for use in gravimetric
analysis. (4)
15. The calcium in a 250 mL sample of a natural water was determined by
precipitating the Ca2+ cation as CaC2O4. The precipitate was filtered, washed,

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 and ignited in a crucible with an empty mass of 24.5698 g. The mass of
crucible + CaO was 24.7030 g.
(i) Calculate the concentration of calcium in grams per 100 mL water. (3)

(ii) Express the above concentration as ppm calcium. (1)

16. List four desirable properties of a precipitate for use in gravimetric analysis.
(4)

16.1 Why are colloidal precipitates unsuitable for filtration in gravimetric analysis?
(1)

16.2 Name three ways in which colloidal precipitates may be coagulated.

(3)

17. What is meant by peptization and how may it be avoided?

(3)

18. Occlusion is a form of coprecipitation. Explain what is meant by occlusion

and how it may be minimised.
(4)