May 15, 2021

1st case- nova

Decision:

2nd case- Ate Ara

Doctrine:

a. Sec. 8 and 9 Rule 110- must alleged the special aggravating circumstances though it is no
specifically specified as an aggravating
b. Best documentary evidence- the original copy of the birth cert. Photocopy is not sufficient.
c. Age is an exception to the rule on admission- reason: admissions and stipulations not sufficient
when what is involved already and what is already at stake is the life (capital punishment) of the
accused. Age of the offended party can be proved only by original copy of the life or birth
certificate and not merely by judicial admission and stipulations

3rd case- Moren.

4th case- Noche

a. To prove the personality in filing the case, original of the marriage contract must be presented
or other document to prove the marriage, the original must also be presented. Photocopy is not
sufficient.

5th case- Orense

a. Private documents are involved. Rule 132 section 19

b. What is the importance of classifying the type of documents in presentation of evidence
- When it is public document- it is presumed to be authentic and genuine. No need to prove
that it is authentic. Only identification is necessary.
- When it is private- must comply to the requirements: it must be identified and
authenticated (witness must not only identify but prove the document that it is authentic)
by the following means: di ko nasundan.- relevant, authentic, authenticated by competent
person)

6th case- Panopio –Duplicate

15th- Jerome
16th C. calingasan- Inciong case
-parole evidence rule applies to both public and private document.
th
17 CJ- parole evidence
18th Resurrection- Parole Evidence
19th – Barquila
20th- Noche
21st- alcoba
22-