SECTION 04851

STONE ASSEMBLIES

PART 1 - GENERAL

Drawings and general provisions of the Contract, including General and Supplementary
Conditions and Division 1 Specification Sections, apply to this Section.

1.1 SECTION INCLUDES

A. Furnish all labour, materials, tools and equipment and perform all services and
operations necessary for the complete supply and installation of exterior stone
cladding system, set with individual anchors indicated on architectural and
landscape drawings or as required.
B. The design, fabrication and erection of the cladding system assembly as required
to meet the performance requirements shall be the complete responsibility of
Contractor.

C. Design Responsibility” Notwithstanding the drawings and other information

provided, the Contractor shall be fully responsible for the detailing of the works,
described herein, and shall provide a complete, and secure installation, which
shall meet the specified performance criteria and the laid down standards.
D. Related Sections: Related work to be coordinated and used in conjunction with

this specification includes but is not restricted to:

1. Section 03300 - Cast-In-Place Concrete
2. Section 05500 - Metal Fabrications
3. Section 07190 - Water Repellents.
- Building Insulation.
4. Section 07210 Aluminum Works.
5. Section 08120 -
Sliding Automatic Entrance Doors
6. Section 08461 -

1.2 DEFINITIONS
A. Definitions contained in ASTM C 119 apply to this Section.
B. Stone Cladding System: An exterior wall covering system consisting of stone
panels together with the anchors, backup structure and fasteners used to secure
the stone to the building structure.

1.3 STANDARDS
A. ASTM C 97 - Test Methods for absorption and Bulk specific gravity of dimensions
stone.

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 B. ASTM C 170 - Test Methods for compressive strength of dimension stone.
C. ASTM C 880 - Flexural strength of dimension stone.
D. ASTM C 1242 - Guide for the design, selection and installation of exterior
dimension stone anchors and anchoring systems.

E. ASTM C 1354 - Test Method for strength of individual stone anchorages in

dimension stone.
F. ASTM C 503 - Specification for Marble.
G. ASTM C 568 - Specification for Limestone.
H. ASTM C1201- Test Method for Structural performance of Exterior Dimension
Stone cladding systems by uniform static and pressure difference.
I. ASTM C 119 - Terminology Relating to Dimension Stone.

1.4 PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS

A. General: Design stone anchors and anchoring systems according to
ASTM C 1242.

B. Structural Performance: Provide exterior stone cladding system capable of

withstanding the effects of gravity loads and the following loads and stresses
within limits and under conditions indicated:
1. Wind Loads: Determine loads based on basic wind speed indicated on
drawings.
C. Thermal Movements: Provide exterior stone cladding system that allows for
thermal movements resulting from maximum change (range) in ambient and
surface temperatures by preventing displacement of stone, opening of joints,
overstressing of components, failure of joint sealants and connections, and other
detrimental effects. Base engineering calculation on surface temperatures of
materials due to both solar heat gain and nighttime sky heat loss.
D. Safety Factors for Stone: Design exterior stone cladding system to withstand
loads without exceeding allowable working stress of stone determined by dividing
stone's average ultimate strength, as established by testing, by the following
safety factors:
1. Safety Factors for Stone: 5 for uniform loads and 10 for concentrated
loads.

E. Design stone anchors and backup structure to withstand loads without exceeding
allowable working stresses established by the following:
1. For Structural Steel: AISC S335.
F. Control of Corrosion and Staining: Prevent galvanic and other forms of corrosion
as well as staining by isolating metals and other materials from direct contact

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 with incompatible materials. Use materials that do not stain exposed surfaces of
stone and joint materials.
G. Testing of anchors will be according to ASTM C 1354.

1.5 SUBMITTALS: The following submittals, as defined in Section 01323 - Submittal

Procedures, are required:
A. Product Data: For variety of stone, stone accessory, and other manufactured
products indicated.
B. Shop Drawings: Show details of fabrication and installation of dimension stone
cladding system, including dimensions and profiles of stone units.
1. Show locations and details of joints both within stone cladding system and
between stone cladding system and other construction.
2. Show locations and details of anchors and backup structure.
C. Stone for verification: Include five samples 300 x 300 mm for each color, finish and
variety of stone, showing the full range of variations in appearance
characteristics.
D. Anchors: One set of each type and size of anchorage system components.
E. Material Test Reports: From a qualified independent testing agency indicating and
interpreting test results of the following for compliance with requirements
indicated:
1. Stone Test Reports: For each stone variety proposed for use on Project,
provide test data indicating compliance with required physical properties.
2. Anchorage Test Reports: For each stone variety, finish, and anchor type,
based on testing according to ASTM 1354, performed on specimens
representative of minimum thickness and finish of installed stone.

1.6 QUALITY ASSURANCE

A. Installer Qualifications: An experienced installer, with minimum 5 years
experience in dimension stone cladding systems similar in material, design, and
extent to those indicated for this Project and whose work has resulted in
construction with a record of successful in-service performance.
1. Installer's responsibilities include engineering, fabricating, and installing
dimension stone cladding system.
2. Engineering Responsibility: Preparation of Shop Drawings and
comprehensive engineering analysis by a qualified professional engineer.
B. Professional Engineer Qualifications: A professional engineer who is legally
qualified where Project is located and who is experienced in providing
engineering services of the kind indicated. Stone support and anchor systems
should be designed by an Engineer experienced in stone cladding and
construction.

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 C. Source Limitations for Stone: Obtain each variety of stone, regardless of finish,
from a single quarry with resources to provide materials of consistent quality in
appearance and physical properties.
D. Testing Agency Qualifications: An independent testing agency, qualified
according to ASTM E 329 to conduct the testing indicated, as documented
according to ASTM E 548.
E. Pre-construction Stone Testing: Engage a qualified independent testing agency
at the expense of the Contractor to perform pre-construction testing indicated
below. Retesting of materials that fail to meet specified requirements shall be
done at Contractor’s expense.
1. Furnish test specimens randomly selected from blocks representative of
actual materials proposed for incorporation into the Work.
2. One set of test specimens will be required for each stone variety, of
number and size indicated in referenced standards.
3. Stone will be tested for compliance with physical property requirements
according to referenced ASTM standards.
4. Flexural Strength Tests: ASTM C 880, performed on specimens
representative of minimum thickness and finish of installed stone. One set
will be tested in both wet and dry conditions.
5. Anchorage Tests: ASTM C 1354, performed on specimens representative
of minimum thickness and finish of installed stone
F. Welding Standards: Qualify procedures and personnel according to AWS D1
"Structural Welding Code."
G. Mockups: Before installing dimension stone cladding systems, build mockups to
verify selections made under sample Submittals and to demonstrate aesthetic
effects and qualities of materials and execution. Build mockups to comply with the
following requirements, using materials indicated for the completed Work:
1. Locate mockups where indicated or, if not indicated, as directed.
a. Show typical components, attachments to building structure, and
methods of installation.
b. Include window openings with stone returns /trim.
2. Maintain mockups during construction in an undisturbed condition as a
standard for judging the completed Work.
3. Approved mockups may become part of the completed Work if undisturbed
at time of Substantial Completion.

1.7 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING

A. Store and handle stone and related materials to prevent deterioration or damage
due to moisture, temperature changes, contaminants, corrosion, breaking,
chipping, and other causes.
1. Lift with wide-belt slings; do not use wire rope or ropes that might cause
staining. Move stone, if required, using dollies with cushioned wood
supports.

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 2. Store stone on wood skids or pallets with nonstaining, waterproof covers.
Arrange to distribute weight evenly and to prevent damage to stone.
Ventilate under covers to prevent condensation.

1.8 WARRANTY
A. Submit a written warranty signed by Contractor and Installer agreeing to repair or
replace Work under this Section that fails in design, materials, workmanship,
finish and color at no additional cost to the Employer.
1. Warranty Period: Five years from the date of Substantial Completion.

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PART 2 - PRODUCTS

2.1 ACCEPTABLE SUPPLIERS/MANUFACTURERS

A. Stone Suppliers
1. Hayat Marble
Kuwait
Tel: 4812459/4831640
Fax: 4845473
2. Al Riyash Trading
Kuwait
Tel: 965 245 0460
Fax: 965 245
5472
www.alriyash@nc
c. moc.kw
3. Hassan
Abul Kuwait
Tel: 476 7740 Fax:
474 3770
4. Salam Al Kuwait.
Kuwait
Tel: 961 3260 Fax:
532 2836
B. Sealers
1. Fila, Italy.
2. Billinzoni, Italy.
3. MBT, UAE.

2.2 STONE, GENERAL

A. Provide stone that is free of cracks, seams, and starts impairing structural
integrity or function.
B. Quarry stone in a manner to ensure as-quarried block orientations yield finished
stone with required characteristics.

C. All stone shall be of soundness, texture, graining, color, finish and tone matching
the approved sample.

D. Make stone slabs available for examination for appearance characteristics

2.3 STONE TYPES

A. Stone standard: ASTM C 503 for marble and ASTM C 568 for Limestone.

B. Finish: The final finish of the stone shall be as indicated on drawings.

C. Stone type and characteristics:

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 1. W/ST.1: Guatemala Green Marble (Rajastan Green)
a. Country of Origin: India.
b. Thickness and Finish: As indicated on drawings
c. Properties:
Compressive 1427 kg/cm2.
strength:
Tensile strength: 141 kg/cm2.
Water absorption: 0.44%
Bulk density: 2680 kg/m3.
2. Pietra Forte Limestone:
a. Country of Origin: Italy
b. Thickness and Finish: As indicated on drawings
c. Properties:
Compressive 1230
strength:
Water absorption: kg/cm2.
1.72%
Bulk density: 2580 kg/m3.

2.4 ANCHORS AND BACKUP STRUCTURE

A. Fabricate anchors, including stone stiffeners, from stainless steel, ASTM A 666,
Type 316, temper as required to support loads imposed without exceeding
allowable design stresses.
1. Fasteners for Stainless-Steel Anchors: Annealed stainless-steel bolts, nuts,
and washers; ASTM F 738M for bolts and ASTM F 836M for nuts.
B. Backup Structure: Fabricate components not in contact with stone from hot- rolled
steel shapes complying with ASTM A 36/A 36M or from steel sheet not less than
0. 1046.inch (2.7 mm) thick complying with ASTM A 570/A 570M. Hot- dip
galvanize after fabrication to comply with ASTM A 123/A 123M. Fabricate
components in contact with stone from same material specified for anchors.
C. Cast-in-Place and Post installed Fasteners for Concrete and Masonry: Type
indicated below, with capability to sustain, without failure, a load equal to 4 times
the loads imposed, for concrete, or 6 times the load imposed, for masonry, as
determined by testing per ASTM E 488, conducted by a qualified independent
testing agency.
1. Adjustable Inserts Embedded in Concrete and Masonry: Stainless steel,
Type 316.
2. Postinstalled Fasteners for Concrete and Masonry: Torque-controlled
expansion anchors made from stainless-steel components complying with
ASTM F 593 and ASTM F 594, Alloy Group 1 or 2 (ASTM F 738M and
ASTM F 836N, Alloy Group A1 or A4) for bolts and nuts; ASTM A 666 or
ASTM A 276, T ype 316, for anchors.
D. Acceptable systems of Anchors and backup structure by:
1. A- Metal Systems, UK (Local contact: Sadiq & Kothari Co., Kuwait, Tel:
4726250, Fax: 4741454).
2. Al EZ International, Kuwait, Tel: 4823005; Fax: 4823006.
3. K-steel, Kuwait, Tel: 482 4707, Fax: 975 0318.

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2.05 STONE ACCESSORIES

A. Provide all accessories required for the complete installation of the Work.
B. Setting Buttons: Lead or resilient plastic buttons, nonstaining to stone, sized to
suit joint thicknesses and bed depths of stone units without intruding into required
depths of joint sealants or causing third-side adhesion between sealant and
setting button.

C. Setting Shims: Strips of vulcanized neoprene, 50 to 70 Shore A durometer,

nonstaining to stone, sized to suit joint thicknesses and depths of stone supports
without intruding into required depths of joint sealants or causing third-side
adhesion between sealant and setting shims.

2.06 STONE FABRICATION

A. General: Fabricate stone units in sizes and shapes required to comply with
requirements indicated, including details on Drawings and Shop Drawings.

B. Cut and drill sinkages and holes in stone for anchors, fasteners, supports, and
lifting devices as indicated or needed to set stone securely in place; shape beds to
fit supports.
C. Cut stone to produce pieces of thickness, size, and shape indicated and to comply
with fabrication and construction tolerances recommended by applicable stone
association or, if none, by stone source, for faces, edges, beds, and backs.
1. Control depth of stone and back check to maintain minimum clearances
indicated between backs of stone units and surfaces or projections of
structural members, backup walls, and other work behind stone.
2. Cut stone to produce joints of uniform width and in locations indicated.
3. Clean backs of stone to remove rust stains, iron particles, and stone dust.
4. Factory fabricate corner/return units as one piece using stainless steel
dowel as required, set in epoxy resin.
5. Contiguous Work: Provide chases, reveals, reglets, openings, and similar
features as required to accommodate contiguous work.
6. Finish exposed faces and edges of stone to comply with requirements
indicated for finish and to match approved samples and mockups.
7. Carefully inspect finished stone units at fabrication plant for compliance
with requirements for appearance, material, and fabrication. Replace
defective units.
8. Grade and mark stone for overall uniform appearance when assembled in
place. Natural variations in appearance are acceptable if installed stone
units match range of colors and other appearance characteristics
represented in approved samples and mockups.

2.07 SURFACE SEALER

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 A. Colorless water repellent/impregnatorwhich will impart water repellent properties
to stone, prevent damage from soiling, fungus, algae and mould growth.
B. The product shall not affect the color and physical properties of stone. Apply
sealer at the front, back and edges of the stone. All cut edges are to be sealed
prior to erection.
C. Sealer shall be of the type as recommended by the manufacturer.

PART 3 - EXECUTION

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3.01 EXAMINATION

A. Examine surfaces to receive exterior stone cladding and conditions under which
dimension stone cladding will be installed, with Installer present, for compliance
with requirements for installation tolerances and other conditions affecting
performance.
1. For the record, prepare written report, endorsed by Installer, listing
conditions detrimental to performance of dimension stone cladding.
2. Proceed with installation only after unsatisfactory conditions have been
corrected.

3.2 PREPARATION
A. Advise installers of other work about specific requirements for placement of
inserts, flashing reglets, and similar items to be used by dimension stone cladding
Installer for anchoring and supporting of dimension stone cladding system.
Furnish installers of other work with Drawings or templates showing locations of
these items.
B. Protect exterior stone cladding during erection as follows:
1. Cover tops of exterior stone cladding installation with nonstaining,
waterproof sheeting at end of each day's work. Cover partially completed
structures when work is not in progress. Extend cover a minimum of 24
inches (600 mm) down both sides and hold securely in place.
2. Prevent staining of stone from mortar, grout, sealants, and other sources.
Immediately remove such materials without damaging stone.
3. Protect base of walls from rain-splashed mud and mortar splatter by
coverings spread on ground and over wall surface.
4. Protect sills, ledges, and projections from mortar and sealant droppings.
C. Clean the face of stone surfaces that are dirty or stained by removing soil, stains,
and foreign materials before setting. Clean stone by thoroughly scrubbing with
fiber brushes and then drenching with clear water. Use only mild cleaning
compounds that contain no caustic or harsh materials or abrasives.

3.3 SETTING DIMENSION STONE CLADDING, GENERAL

A. Execute dimension stone cladding installation by skilled mechanics and employ
skilled stone fitters at Project site to do necessary field cutting as stone is set. 1.
Use power saws with diamond blades to cut stone. Produce lines cut
straight and true, with edges eased slightly to prevent snipping.
B. Contiguous Work: Provide reveals, reglets, and openings as required to
accommodate contiguous work.
C. Set stone to comply with requirements indicated on Shop Drawings. Install
anchors, supports, fasteners, and other attachments indicated or necessary to
secure dimension stone cladding in place. Shim and adjust anchors, supports,
and accessories to set stone accurately in locations indicated with uniform joints

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 of widths indicated and with edges and faces aligned according to established
relationships and indicated tolerances.
D. Stone veins in adjacent panels shall match and shall be uni-directional.
E. Keep cavities open in the space between back of stone units and backup wall; do
not fill cavities with mortar or grout.

3.4 INSTALLATION TOLERANCES

A. Variation from Plumb: For vertical lines and surfaces of walls, do not exceed 6 mm
in 3 m, 9 mm in 6 m, or 12 mm in 12 m or more. For external corners, corners and
jambs within 6 m of an entrance, expansion joints, and other conspicuous lines, do
not exceed 3 mm in 3 m, 6 mm in 6 m, or 9 mm in 12 m or more.
B. Variation from Level: For lintels, sills, water tables, parapets, horizontal bands,
horizontal grooves, and other conspicuous lines, do not exceed 3 mm in 3 m, 6
mm in 6 m, or 9 mm maximum.
C. Variation of Linear Building Line: For positions shown in plan and related portions
of walls and partitions, do not exceed 6 mm in 6 m or 12 mm in 12 m or more.
D. Variation in Cross-Sectional Dimensions: For thickness of walls from dimensions
indicated, do not exceed plus or minus 6 mm.
E. Variation in Plane between Adjacent Stone Units (Lipping): Do not exceed 1.5mm
difference between planes of adjacent units.

3.5 SETTING MECHANICALLY ANCHORED EXTERIOR STONE CLADDING

A. Attach anchors securely to stone and to backup surfaces. Comply with
recommendations in ASTM C 1242.
B. Attach framing for stone support system to structural frame of building, at
connection points, by welding or bolting.

3.6 ADJUSTING AND CLEANING

A. Remove and replace broken, chipped, stained, or otherwise damaged stone,
defective joints, and dimension stone cladding that does not match approved
samples and mockups. Damaged stone may be repaired if approved.
B. Replace in a manner that results in exterior stone cladding's matching approved
samples and mockups, complying with other requirements, and showing no
evidence of replacement.
C. Clean exterior stone, using clean water and stiff-bristle fiber brushes. Do not use
wire brushes, acid-type cleaning agents, cleaning agents containing caustic

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 compounds or abrasives, or other materials or methods that could damage stone.
D. Apply sealer to cleaned stone surfaces as per sealer manufacturer’s printed
instructions.

END OF SECTION

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