Andrew Preshous Rachael Roberts Joanna Preshous Joanne Gakonga MACMILLAN EXAMSAndrew Preshous Rachael Roberts Joanna Preshous Joanne Gakonga IELTS Foundation Student's Book Second edition | PA MACMILLAN EXAMSContents 4 Prodeting Ron Skinning br niching ees ‘Maiplechoice Cae A ecating Fathtodsy Dra Pretetion Givesing meaning Fomeanest 3 Protetion TAG eR ni ort Matching beings topangrpys cred Sher anne 4 Praition Ce Scanning POR ue Fle sce een ica Tate competion Caateaton Fi stunning BOT ET OIa) Miching endings te paras ie Tateing dlogaey Locting Giodaiiaton Sear Seanving rane “rue Fab, Not gen Bertonce omplction ‘aenuging ite svete purpose Gareangmenna Fromecriast Or ‘Tsk Datareitingto higher huaion Urdentaning nal nseaton Tae opening para ‘Task? Cliratecenge Initosions nt ‘conctiions “epic serences| ng ‘oak Data desing ume ‘lee countries Seeing sporting the rman ares Describing tends allan vet tne Aédingspeciic ets to genre satenents ‘tukea Prvons/dncisine Inschoole Key stages Undesonseg the ‘question Geneeing in eae Addingsiposting ‘wvormation venga pan ‘Witing yor (Ceckg your tek Unenideymert/ srk ‘Composition and cor singers Ccnystingand tasting daa Task acprodtiony Sugarboot edit Boverbing process Segue ‘Sammary competion ‘Tablecomletion Section Stortaraner questers Stee completion Sesion Preciton ‘Tblecotetion Labeting iagram Section? Useningtr gt Nahipieebotce Clasealion Section Nate completion Magee Sections “Table cempstion Matching Section | Maki eoice abaingadigram Section? “Tbicompletion Labo flow dnt Section 4 ati coce Iasi complation Sgrpesing Inngtsge Past Bapundogamven, iengreniensane ‘uals Pact Daserbing nsec! alee Diese hematre enee, Irae eager rndrecyoing Pend Devainga tours teninaion Making notes Pressman Pact 2 naga fo seasons Panhnent and ‘ee pevraton ‘asda Pot Descibing ab yo swe eto do Pt Deeweing feat epoca of employment arta Deseibinga siecsshl company Parts Digeuesng the wild sean siege arog he ‘rpunet Languags foou Eci een? [Adetves ering ‘fng Foxniagusions| Singstar uel Present shingles presen extn: ‘The emironment Sronyme Midler Describing cao Chine and ite bw Defining late slace reson perfect pastanple Cescuibngstlsnet ‘gules Fatctonne Compartir and ipetiee Sunes Nondeticngcebaire cases ores dupa sallng “Te passive Hab conten airing pte speech Covert: pte noun Workingontroeaing tom context Using dainary ‘i fails Callens jot desk orer ‘Academic wet leCerio recs 7 seorning trea ren inedicine ry 5 sigs readin Cai) reporting back Note camplotion rT) Mabipe cholee fee) ‘ine camnpleton prog Tatainga abagom 1" ching hesage | Pe (oparagranie advorising RORY Duliplcoice Crna Testo, Neth Semeace campkiion etiasten | ais orogu monte 12 ‘so Neto Suecossani PS Se ce cepa tiple ooe Cea s | Grammar vocabulary bank ~ page 150 Doverbing hows hotaibaleen/s freextingihor woe antag oor Erprasing uspose ‘ask ‘Aeeatne irene Key phases touspees Ipersonal ews Preprint wots Using srypriate witngsle Using bers ‘twa Causes of ‘bortulyng and ‘atone Doseing problems and ‘letions task ‘Mathededin averting Argarents or and apanst wiewpoit “Teak Dalarelting {otheclympe Gunes Success Givingoinuns andexamples writing Cems Section 4 ‘Tableceapion ‘Mage soice Noteeoapleton Section Nubkivedeice Seceeorpeton Section Sunita completion kip cuice Sectlon3 Note compieten Section Foreeonleton Sections ‘yieine Sentence completion Macchi Ghcfeon ‘Table completion Section Nalipe choice Sete completion Sections Note completion Tablecompleion Desenbngistening tabs Part Deverbingan tera fete Dascuringnoders technalegy Parts Discuss nd eats Part Dereibinga tins ‘ohon you samed souihingnew arts Discussing teary ironronisand Tnecintaignce art? Deserbinglesme scones Pan's Dloserag hangs incre acs Para Deveribinga emorase verter Pars Dierieagetocive aderticmonte et onal brane Patt Taking atone fui ops Deveibinga succatl sation Part ‘ag about uioseripts - pogo 185 eter) Word bing Pats ofthe ody ard Ieesesoveons Health anaes ea rege Uncool ‘Sneofinttigonce Lida! inks “inform and inne Expressions io ‘scribe sis Leave ates Expressing preference Expresions ah ‘ative mening ‘ointorac ormaland scndoe Jags ‘Adretiingasd vnssketng Neda ofttgmion ‘in peohaion allocation cating “ali abe sty ‘Tes yonr kone Tas ting Pesaro diferent means voli repens Hegre dome ‘Nese pies Understanding vrte In nsay tes Callcations synonyas ith erent alocatons Sefevautin:Uitte ler IELTS Foundation is designed to help you improve your IELTS seore and progress towards your goal of studying at an linglish speaking university. There are 12 topi based units which cover each of the four IELTS academic modules and all task types, «5 well as giving guided support and exami-focused practice. Units are carefully graded in order to dovelop your language skills, increase your knowledge of grammar and vocabulary, and familiarize yourself with the IELT'S exam format. Improving these areas will help build your confidence and give you a solid foundation, not only for IELTS, but also for further academic study. What do you need to do to improve your IELTS score? 1 Youneed to learn about the exam format For any exam, learning about the structure and about the task types will help you to succeed, and [ELT is no exception. IELTS Foundation takes you though all parts of the ‘exam, giving techniques and advice to help you approach the different task types. Exam Information, Tip aud Svaiegy boxes provide useful guidance throughout the book. 2 Younced to improve your productive language skills JELES Foundation gives you step-by-step guidance with each task type in the Writing module, At the back of the book there are model answers for each of the Writing questions with comments to help you improve your own writing techniques. ‘There are also aetivities to prepare you for the Speaking module, including ‘opportimities to practise each of the three parts and sample audio answers. For both Writingand Speaking there are useful language boxes containing vocabulary and phrases to use in these [ELTS modules. 3 Youneed t prove your receptive Language skills Reading module there are not only a variety of texts and IELTS tasks, but also e8 to help you deal with unknown vocabulary and improve youractive reading rundation gives you numerous chances to develop your active listening skills -ompleting different task types for the Listening module. Complete aun areavailable al the back of the book, 4 You need to improve your language accuracy ‘Throughout the book, essential grammar exercises have been built into each unit “These have been selected as areas where students at your level most often make mistakes in writing and speaking, ‘the language work is put into conteat, to show you how grammar really works in English, particularly in academic situations. ‘here are also further practice activities in the Grammar and voeabulary bank at the back of the book. BB teen5 Younced to increase your vocabulary Vocabulary is very important, particularly in the Reading and Writing modules. ‘there are Vocabuiary-building exercises throughout the book and extra ‘practice exercises in the Grammar and vocabulary bank at the back of the book. Inaddition, there is particular focus on developing your knowledge of collocations and on building your academic vocabulary. 6 You need to improve your academic study skills, In order to achieve your academic goals itis important to not only improve your English, but also to develop your study skills. JZLS Foundation includes strategies to help you lean more effectively and develop your ability to work independently when studying IELTS and in other academic contexts.BCT TRO Leet Share. 1 Discuss these questions with anoth ~ Why do students go overseas to studs ~ What are the benefits of living and difficulties that students experienc another country? What are the 2 Cheek the meaning ofthe following words and phrases. Which ones are benefits of living abroad, which ones are difficulties, whieh ones could be both? experiencing a different lifestyle a different climate being incepandent ‘experioncing @ new culture missing friends and family meeting new people feeling lonoly the language barrier feeling homesick a change in diet 3 When people first arrive in a new country they often suffer from culture shock. What do you think this means? 4 Read the first paragraph of the text and see if you were right, Which oft tificulties from exercise 2 are mentioned? What Is culture shock? ‘Culture shock’ describes the impact of moving _ important people in your life. These may include from a familiar culture to one which is unfamiliar, family, tends, colleagues or teachers: people itis an experience described oy people who eve —_you would normally talk to at times of uncertainty, travelled abroad to work, live or study: itcan be people who give you support and guidance. Whe felt to a cartain extent even whien abroad Familiar sights, sounds, smells or tastes are no ‘on holiday. It includes the shock of a new longer there you can miss them very much. If you environment, meeting lots of new people and are tired and jetagyed when you arrive, small learning the ways of a different country. It also things can be upsetting and out of all propertion to ides the shock of being separated from the their real significance. 5 According to the author there are many different causes of culture shock Underline any you ean find in the text. © What do you know about the climate, food. dress and rules of behaviour in Brit sisi ico7 Now read the rest of the article and compare your ideas with the author's ‘cumate Meny students find that the British climate affects them a lot. You may be used to a much warmer climate, of you may just find the greyness and ‘campness, especially during the winter months, cifficult to get usec to. Food ‘You may find British food strange. It may taste: different, or be cooked differently, or it may seem lighter oF heavier than what you are used to. Language Constantly listening and speaking in a foreign language Is tring, Although you may have learned English very thoroughly itis possible that the regional accents you ciscover when you arrive in the UK make the language harder to understand than you thought. People may also speak quicky and you may feel tco embarrassed to ask them to Dross Ifyou come from a warm climate, you may find it ‘uncomfortable to wear heavy wintor clothing. Not all students will fnd the style of dress uifferent, bbut for ethers people’s dress may seem immodest, ‘unattractive, comical or simply drab, ‘Rules’ of behaviour Every culture has unspoken rules which affect the way people treat each other. For example, the ‘British generally have @ reputation for punctuality. In business and academic life keeping to time is important. You should always be on time For lectures, classes and meetings with academic ‘and administrative staff. Social life is a litle more complicated. Avranging to meet and see a film at 3pm means arriving at Spm. But if you are invited to visit someone's home for dinner at 8pm you should probably aim to arrive at about 8.10, but not later than 8.20. When going to a student party repeat what they have said. ‘an invitation for 8pm probably means any time from 9.30pm crwardst Glossary dempness _slicht wetness in the ait ‘immodest clothing oF behaviour that shocks or embarrasses some people comical funny drab ull oF boring, colourless reputation {he opinion that other people have about someone Punctuality rot being late 8 Are these aspects of culture similar or different in your country? Discuss with other students, 2 The adjectives (1-7) appear in the next part of the text. Match them to the definitions (a-g) and then check your answers in a dictionary. 1 relaxed a calmand not worried 2 confused b behaving in a very unfriendly or threatening way 3 confident ¢ wanting to find out about something 4 excited certain about your abilities and not nervous or frightened 5 frustrated € unable to understand something or think clearly about it 6 curious £ very happy and enthusiastic because something good is 7 hostile going to happen feeling annoyed and impatient because you are prevented from achieving something e ‘Studying overseas10 Look at the diagram sho HOME COUNTRY. Arrival in UK Strategy Read all the choices cearetuly and underline key words in the question (see first example) Eliminate anewora which are clearly wrong. Make sure you can find the answer inthe text and lundertine i, making anote of which ‘quostion it answers. 12 Workin pairs. Discuss whi the stages of eulture shock marked 1=: Now match the stages 1-5 with paragraphs A-1 ‘A Differences and similarities are accepted, You may fee! K selaxed and confident and you become more familiar with ul situations and fee! well able to cope with new situetions based on your growing experience. B When you first arrive in a new culture, differences are Intriguing and you may fecl excited, stimulated and curious. At this stage you are stil protected by the close memory of your home culturo. € Differences and similarities are valued and important. You mey feel full of potential and abie to trust yoursel in all Kinds of situations. Most situations become enjoyeble. fend you are able to make choices according to your preferences and values. D Aiitte later, differences create an impact and you may feel confused, isolated or inadequate as you start to Notice more and more cultural differences and family and, friends are not immediately available for support. E Next you may reject the uifferences you encounter, You may feel angry of frustrated, or hostile to the new culture. At this stage you may be conscious mainly of how Much you cislie it compared to home. Don't worry as this, is quite @ healtiy reaction. You are reconnecting with wnat you value about yourself and your own culture. 11 Choose the correet Letter, A, B, C oF D. 1 According to the writer, you may feel positive when you first ar because A you have no experience of this culture yet. B You are still thinking about your own country. © Your family and feiends are not with you. D you do not notice any differences to your own culture. 2 According to the writer, in stage 3 itis normal to feel A negative about the new eulture B frightened of asking for help. worried about your health. D negative about your own culture 3 This text was written A to advise international students returning home. B to advertise international study to students from around the world. € towarn international students of the dangers of living abroad, D to help international students who have just arrived in a new country. h country you would like to ive or study in, What do you think you might enjoy about living there? [EB schny overseasAdjectives ending in -ing/-od Adjectives ean have two forms. ‘To describe how we fee: Nam bored because | have nothing toca “To deseribe the effect something has on us: This fim is boring ~chere’snoaction init. 1. Underline the correct alternative. 0 Have you ever had an enabarrussing /embarrassed experience? 1 What is the most exciting fexcited thing about living abroad? 2 What do you find frustrating frustrated about learning English? 3 Do you think trying new foods is an ateresting terested experience? Why/Why not? What makes you feel relaxing/refaxcd? Which makes you most confusing /coufused ~ English grammac or spelling? Do you find visiting new places faseinating fascinated? Why/Why not? one 2 Ask your partner the questions. Give reasons and examples. hada very embarrassirg experience ontay frt:day in England. got lost ard was lat for ny fiestclass.Iwassoemnbarxssed 3 Respond to the situations using -ed and -ing adjectives. Choose from the adjectives in the box, using.a dictionary to check meaning, There may be more than one possible answer, annoyediennoying disappointedicisappointing _exheusted/exhausting {tightenedirightening —satisfedsatisying —_shockoa/shocking surprised/surprising © Your team lost the cup final. twas very disappointing when my team last the cup fal was very ckaappointed when ny team lost shocup final You watched ahoror film. You finished painting your bexiroorn. You did a 15 kilometre walk. 2 You passed an exam that you had expected to fail Yourbus was very late... You saw a young child smoking, ausen— 4 Tell your partner about the following, Try to use both -ed and ~ing adjectives, — adisappointing experience ~ something you are frightened of ~ something that you find very annoying ~ atime when you were exhausted ~ something that you find shocking Ei sities =IELTS Listening Section 1: Predicting answers You are going (o hear a conversation between a student, Li Cha, anda university admissions officer. Look at the form and answer these questions, 1 What are the speakers talking about? 2 What type of answers do you expect for questions 1~3, 5 and 6? 8 What type ofanswers do you expect for questions 4 and 7-10? mas 1-10 om nl complete the form, Write no more than three words or a number 4 foreach answer. Name: Li Cha 4 Tutor: Stephen Ennis Age: 1 Class: 2 i Start: 14th February Finish: 3 Lives in: 4 _ en, Mobile number: 5 " Years of stucy of English: 6 Hobbies:7 emailing friends, 8 Unversity choice: yl | Future plans: work with 10 Forming questions See Greunmar and vocabulary bank on page 150. | 1 Look at the form and write questions. 1. Whats your name? deaieee eae GAT _ ess rt Pat 2 In pairs ask each oth the questions and complete the form, EEE) '"'7S Speaking Pare 1 1 Correct the mistakes in these questions. © Are you work orstudy? Doyaunorkorstudy 2 Where you live? z + How often speak you Engl ‘What clo you in your free time : Do you can speak any other languages? How are you travelling to work/sehoo!? When did you came to this country? Do you have got any brothers or sisters? a Cari you say me about your home town? 2 er aueene 2 Interview your partner by asking the questions. Then report back to your class with information you found out in the last two activities, Abnned io from Saud Arabia. He's 21 years od and hos three brothers and a sister: He likes | En senconciExpanding answers 8 Lookat these extracts from a Speaking Part | question, Which student gives the best answer? Why? Examiner: 00 you work or study? Student A: I'ma student Examiner: Do you work or study? Student 8: !'m doing a Business Foundation course in the UK because | want to go to university in October. 4 Lookat the short answers (a-d) and match them to the questions in exercise 1, a In Birmingham, b Yes, three. ¢ Yes, a brother and a sister. d InSeptember. ~ 8 Choose the most suitable extra information (1-4) for the short answers (ad), T Thave a younger brother whos still at school and my sister is stuclying law in the USA. 2 When | first aevived I was very nervous and I didn't understand anything but | soon made friends and settled down. 3 Isharea flat with some friends. I's great because its near the city centre, 4 I speak Arabic with my family but {had to learn French at school and | also speak a little Spanish. Giving reasons and examples 6 Ask your partner the following question: Why are you leaming English? Look at the following sample answers and the words used to give reasons. 1 Because __it-will give me the chance speak more to people from other countries, 2 As t will help me to get a better job in the future, 3 Soikat” 1can go to university in the UK. 4 Thereacon 1am studying English fe that really enjoy learning other Tanguages. 7 How could you expand your answers to give more information? Match the sentences (id) below to the answers (1-4) above. a Ireally want to work in business. bb Lalso speak Arabic and Urdu. € Itwill help me communicate wherever I go. At the moment P'm doing a I-year Foundation course... Practice Ask and answer the questions with a partner, giving reasons for your answers. = Do you prefer arts or science subjects? ~ Do you think your country is expensive to live i ~ Do youlike the climate in this country = Which country would you most like to live in: Australia or USA? = Which sports do you like playing most? ‘What other activities do you enjoy doing in your free time? TE stein overseasIELTS Writing Task 1 1 Discuss these questions in snl groups. Ge reasons and ex 1 Which are the most popular countries for studenis to study overseas? 2 Which countries do most overseas students to the UK eome feom? 3. Which subjects do you think are most popular with international students in the UK? 4 Have numbers of applications to UK universities gone up orcown in recent years? Understanding visual information 2 Lookat diagrams 1-4 to see if you were right. Whi that answers each question? 1 diagram provides information Look at diagrams 14 and identify which one is: a@apiechart b alinegraph © abarehart d atable Figure 1 Applicants to UK Uriverates 1994-2009 Figure 9 County of Origin for Hite Education Students i the UK 2003-9 ere opeearts thon oc 45000 49000 35000 30000 25000) 20000 15000 0900 000 igure 2 Gioba|Costinaions fer Internationa! Figure 4 Intemational Student Numibars by Subject Araa 2009/10 ‘Studentsa! Tortny Level 2006, Infeatona stants nH | No of nwraoval [5 abel wo | osrioy sue or cy | students ers iiermna Das & acinar sae Eos sus * | Engrong aime wa cn Sl ss EE ro [Corre ssn 2a 205 | Sapo stedtorneacnn Be 7 [erin nt den aus 2 aw = 906 | a Baie wan — rt oe 4 Choose the best altern Figure 1 1 “The number of student appli increased decreased in the period 1994-2009. 2 Between 2005 an 2006 thee number of applications rosedfell Figure 2 3 Around a half/quarter ofall students go to the USA to study. 4 China is more/fess populac than Australia for international students, from the words in italies. mag DeIELTS Speaking Part 2 1 Discuss with a partner: | Which subjects did you study at school? | ~ Which subjects did you enjoy? Which cl you dislike? Why? 2 Now lookat the exam information and the following task. pan 2 - Describe a subject that you enjoyed a! school You should say: = wnat he subjects = how long you studi ~ wy this subject i useful ‘and explain why you found thi subject enjoyable. 3 Further question: = What do you like most about this subject? = Do you think you will use this subject in your future work or studies? IELTS Listening Section 2 es 1 You are going to hear Professor Gooding, a New Zealander, talking about her experiences of living in Indonesia, Egypt, Finland, Japan and China = What do you think she liked about living in these countries? = What do you think she found difficult? Summary completion Questions 1-4 Listen to the frst part ofthe talk and complete the sentences below. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS OM A NUMBER for each answer. The talk was organized by the (1) von. Students’ Society. ‘The subject of Professor Gooding’s talk is her experiences of 1 EMO Rie Her age was (9) when she fist left New Zealand, ‘She was especially _.. by Indonesian architecture. Table completion ‘Questions 5-10 2H Listen to the second part of the talk and complete the table. Complete the table below as you listen. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer Country Positive point Difficulty Indonesia 5 locking differentibsing tall 6 extteme beat fi Finland e108s-country sking 7 8 could speak the language | 9 couldn't | [China So ] Ee EE sins oresDependent prepositions 2 Alter many adjectives, verbs and nouns we use a preposition. Complete the following sentences from exercise I with the correct preposition. "Then listen to Professor Gooding aguin and check your answers. © Lwasinterested in... learningall about the country. 1 was particularly faseinal’éd the architecture. ife in Indonesia is very different. life in New Zealand. Finverykeen .. spicy food Iwas pretty good re Twas a bit nervous . anything. 6 Te was realy enthusiast weene «going toa country where I coulda't read is work, 3 Look at sentences 0 and 5 in exercise 2. What happens to the form of the verb after preposition? 4 Fill in the missing dependent prepositions in the table below. Three countries you ar intoreste visting. [4 | ‘A culture you are fascinated p= a | A.country where lifes vey diferent yourown, | 3 | Acourity youwouldn'tbe keen visiting. 4 I A language you'd be enthusiastic “learning, | 5 | A.cily you'd be nervous visting. 6 | 5 Work in small groups, Rolla dice and look at the sentence with this number. ‘hen talk about it for 30 seconds. Countable/uncountable nouns See Grammar and vocabulary bank on page 150. 1 Look at the nouns in the box below and answer the questions. 1. Which nouns are countable and which are uncountable? 2 Which of the countable nouns are singular and which are plural? Add them to the table below. aecommodation advice chilaren country homework information language luggage people sports students subjects university weather ‘Countable Uneountable Singular Plural 2 Correct the mistakes in the sentences below (one of the sentences is correct). Ahmed speaks four language Accommodation are very expensive in London, “The tutor gave me a very good adiviee. “The bar chart shows the population of four different country. ‘The weather inJuly is usually better than this. Trent to the library to get some more informations abot the topic. ausene 7 Team sports such as football and rugby is very popular in this country. 8 When i came to the UK I had a lot of luggages.3 Aclass of students conducted a survey into which sports they: oyed playing and watching, ‘the bar eharts show the results. | Sports students enjoyed watching Sports students enjoyed playing 2 2B Dootball DiFootball 2g Bebe tennis =: ntable ernie | 6 Bieseebat 1 baseball es Beketbal ‘i ieackeroat Hockey zi Biiockey 5 s 2" of tem] ° Look al the sentences describing the bar charts and eorreet the mistakes with quantifiers in each one, Check your answers by looking at the Greunmar and vocabitlary bank on page 150. © Alotof stucent likes playing table tennis, A lot oF studants ike playing table te 1 The students spend much time watehing football. 2 Majority of the students prefer watching football to playing it eof students like playing basketball. 4 ‘The students don't spend many time playing basketball : 5. A number of students who play table tennis is larger than a number who play football... ae ‘The large number of students enjoy watching football. Several of the stuclent don't play any sports. Most of stucdenis prefer playing table tennis fo watehing i. 4 Use the charts to write three more sentences about hockey and baseball using, these quantifiers aithe number of alotof many most (of) much several (of) ‘the majority of some (of) Note: Lots (of) is rather informal, and not suitable for academic writing. Practice 5 Ingroups, carry out a class survey to find out information about your classmates: for example, what subjects they would like to study in the future, sports they enjoy, ‘countries they would like to visit, or your own ideas. © Collate your results in a table like this: Subject ‘Number of students Business = a law 2 Medical related =. Engineering 5 7 Use the information from your table to draw a bar chart, Write an opening statement, eg: ‘The bar elart shows. Write sentences about the data, for example ‘The most/leust popular. Use percentages (60%) or fractions (half a quarter) Use quantifiers (s1ase, a number of) 8 Present your findings to the rest of the class, on Bi ssejeg rinIdentifying parts of speech | See Grammar and vocabulary bank on page 150. 1 Read this paragraph from the text on culture shock and find an example ofeach of these parts of speech from the underlined words inthe text, Can yout add another example to each group? averb — anoun —anadjective —anadverb. «a preposi anarticle conjunction pronoun Constantly listening and speaking in a foreign language is tring. Although you may nave learned English very thoroughly, itis possible that the regional accents you discover when you arrive in the UK make the language harder to understand than you thought People may also speak quickly and you may focl too embarrassed to ask them to repeat what they have said, 2 Anundersta ing of the parts of speech is useful in building your knowledge of word families. eg meet (verb), a meeting (noun). | Complete the table with the missing verbs or nouns, Either the noun or verb form appears in Unit | Noun Verb Noun Verb | aaa =] inte | infor ‘experience | tie choose | education = apply 3 Use one ofthe words in the box to complete the sentences. 1 Living overseas can be an exciting, 2 Wevvould like to. _... Yo toaitend am interview next week. 3 Imnot sure whether ts skid at home or overseas: it's difficult 1 When you first “in a new country itis common to suffer fini culture shock. | To. forthe job you need! to complete this form, Most parents want to give their children a good Your tutor will ‘We are pleased te wine you on how to write this assignment. ‘you that you have passed the course. Collocations Collocations are words that are commonly used together, eg: verb + noun fake aut exam, adjective + noun a final exam. Adjective-noun collocations 4 Match cach of the nouns with two of the the box to inake colloeations, djectives first fulltime higher home host official secondary _undergré © ful-tene student I 2 education 2 language 3 country 5 Complete the sentences with one ofthe collocations from exercise 4, 1 My ___..,i8 Hindi but [also speak English and Ure 2 When living overseas you should respoct the customs of your BS MON oscars in a clegree after three year's study, 4 IELTS is an exam taken by siudents who want to enter ,. Cheek your answers in the Macmillan Collocations Dictionary. Use the dictionary to find one more collocation for each of the nouns. Bh Siisina overseasLET iE, 1 Work in groups. Look at the pictures. What are some of the problems and b of different modes of transport? 2 Cheek the meaning of the following words and phrases and then clive them inta “Lraflie problems’ and ‘possible solutions’ buslane ear pooling congestion _conigeation charging gridlock higher parking charges. parkandride road pricing rush hour traffiejam 8 Which af these problems do you have where you live? Which of the pos solutions have beon tried in your city? How successful were they? 4 Read the title of the article first. What do you think the answer to this question TR might be? Now skim the text quickly and answer the following questions. Making pradistions about whet you are 1 How does the writer answer the question in the title? oing to read can holp 2 Which ofthe problems and solutions in exercise 2 ave mentioned in the text? You to understand the Underline those you fina. text more quiekly when you read it, Look at the title and any pictures with the text first =o Bi each icteyDoes charging motorists more actually lead to less congestion? ‘A When London fist introcuced the congestion Cchaige in 2003, aimost everyone was in favour. It seemed a tough but necessary decision, Something had to be done to deal with the increasingly heavy traffic. Only the Federation for ‘Small Businesses opposed the charge, fearing that it would deme trade for small shop: ‘Keepers. Within the frst wo years, however, traffic in the capital had fallen by about 30%, 4 dramatic Improvement. The success of the scheme seemed obvious, and other cities rushed to copy it. B Since then, however. trafic has slowy risen and congestion levels are now very similar to those in 2002. In fact, a recent survey showed that London Is now the fourti most congested City in Eurone. The only difference is that now motorists are paying forthe orivilege of sitting in gclock. Sucpoters ofthe charge argue tat ‘without the congestion charge, the traffic jams ‘would be even worse but, leary this is Hard to prove either way. € Attempts to introduce more general road pricing ave 10 be fitted with a satelite receiver to calculate ‘exactly where and when the driver was travelling, ‘cherging from 2p per mile on uncongested roads to £1.34 on the busiest roads at peak times, An online petition against the provosal. signed by over 1.8 million people, made it very clear how the public felt about this latest tax and, for now at least, nothing further has been dene to Introduce t. Locating information D Another strategy which has been implemented ‘ith the aim of reducing the number of ears on the road is that of introducing higher parking ‘charges throughout town and city centres. However, the evidence suggests that, agein, {Us isnt reducing the amount of trafic but simply encouraging people to drive to out of ‘town shopping centres, where parking is free. In this case, the viclins are the small independent ‘shops on our high streets. E Ultimately all these attempts to force motorists ‘Out of thelr cars nave failee and we need to ask ‘ourselves why. The most obvious reason would ge0m to be a lack of any real alternative. Public transport in the UK is expensive, unreliable and slow. No wonder we usually enoose to go ty car Milton Keynes, recently named as the most cardepen dant city in Britain, hae 2 public transport system where a ten-minute car journey ‘dutng rush nour can often take up to two hours ty bus. In contrast, Nottingham, the least car dependent city according to the survey, has invested in 30 miles of oycle tracks, an efficient bbus service and a ninemile network of ‘trams, used by 10 million passengers a year. F Cleatly we need to support any measure which will reduce congestion, both for our awn convenience and, more importantly, to curd: global warming, However, more thought needs: {0 be given to the solutions. Pernaps he government needs to consider spending more Money on transport infrastructure before meking motorists pay more for using their cars. 5 Workin pairs, Match the adjectives (16) with the nouns (af) to make collocations from the article. 1 tough @ improvement 2 dramatic b busservice 3 uncongested —€ decision 4 efficient times 5 heavy e roads 6 peak f traffic G Choose three of the collocations and weite tru sentences about your town See Grammar and vocabulary bank on page 151 for more on collocations. Bh aiiccey7 Read the text again. Which paragraph (A-F) has the folo, 1 The current traffic situation in the capital. 2 One reason why people are reluctant to stop driving. 3. How the British public Felt about paying per mile driven. 4 The short term effects of a congestion charge. ing information? Yes, No, Not given 8 Do the following statements reflect the opinion ofthe writer of the text? Write YES (¥) IF the statement agrees with the views of the writer. NON) Ifthe statement contradiets the views of the writer NOT GIVEN (NG) itis impossible to say what the writer thinks about this. 0 A congestion charge seemed essential to reduce traffic in the capital. y° 1 Ihe government probably broughtin a congestion charge in order to raise money for other projects. 2 Iisclear that the congestion charge has prevented London from being even ‘more congested. 3 Higher parking chaiges tend to encourage people to walk rather than drive. 4 People would probably use their cars less often iftpublic transport was more efficient... 5 Public transport should be free, or very clieap, to encourage more people to use it Singular or plural ‘1 These phrases are taken from the reading text, Underline the subject and verb in the sentence. isthe verb singular or plural? 0 almost everyone was in favour arpa 1 traffic has slowly rise ngular/liural 2 congestion levels are now very similar singular/plural 3 all these attempts to foree motorists out of theit cars have failed singular/plural 4 Public transport in the UK isexpensive, unreliableand slow. singular/plural 5 Perhaps the government needis to consider singular/plural 2 Lookat the Grunmvar and vocabulary bank on page 151. Now look at the subject verb agreement in each of these sentences, Is it eorrect or incorrect? Rewrite the incorrect sentences. 4 Nobody seein to enjoy travelling to work by train. Note seems 1 One of my sisters drive a sports car. 2 Many of my colleagues shares the deive to work 3. Much of my work involves visiting different companic: 4 Most people in my country owns a car 5 Some of the students in my class cycle to college, 6 Neither of us travels on public transport much. ._ 3 Choose the correct form of the verb and complete the sent ‘about the problem of congestion. Thien compare ideas with 1 Public transport in my country is/are 2 ‘Traffic congestion is/are ste People ts/are starting to worry more about 4 ‘The government has/have to 5 ronment is/are ices with your opinions partner, Fant toiloyaii IELTS Listoning Section 3 1 Look the pictures Which ofthe wordsin the boxcan you usctodeserib them? | bottle bank dustbin landfill litter rocyeling bin. rubbish scrap metal waste 2 Which two categories could you divide the words in the box into? What are the ie differences in meaning between the words in each category? In Section 3 you will fiver a convarsation botwreen two to four ae | write down the numbers you hear, Use numbers and symbols PARR a ariacadsute rather than words where possible. Context, such as a Sominar or tutorial 4 You are going to hear a conversation between a student and a lecturer, The recording is dividedinotwoparts © Short answer questions ‘and you will be given Questions 1-6 time to look at the Look at questio questions for each part before you listen, @MH Now listen and answer the questions. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS Of A NUMBER for each 1. How much waste, on averag 1-6, What kind ofanswersre you looking for in each ease? loos one person in Britain produce each year? TIP. Forehart anawat 2 What proportion of ein waste is biodegradable? questicns, read the 3 What percentage is glass? question carotully, 4 How much waste is buried’? ta-see the maximum 5 Why's some waste burned? umbor of words. The 6 By when will the amount of waste Sent for landlill have to be reduced? ‘order of the questions usually follows the order ofthe text By ean todsy Pa |Questions 7-10 (cH Complete the sentences below. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for sof the government and environment agencies are to iste whenever possible. 8 Becaiise people are sometimes too lazy to take their recycling to a special site, ‘councils also often provide bins to keep at home for 9 In Switzerland the government encourages people noi to throw things away by | putting a taxon 10 Genoraily speaking, the siltation hia’ got better over the Sentence completion 5 Use the correct form of the verbs in the box to complete these extracts from Listening Section 3, Check your answers in the audioscript on pages 166 and 167. conserve dispose of minimize produce protect recycle reduce 1 Onaverage we 30 million tonnes of solid householel waste every year. and obviowsly it's vital that waste is... es and in away that oucenviconment and our health, 2 New European law requires us to neon ftmounts of waste, and by +2020 we will only be able to send 10 million tonnes of this for landfill and the rest will have to be ; burned or treated in « different way. 3 What weneedtodoisto. raw materials, ike tin and aluminium, while still protecting thé environment and public health, sous Presont simple vs present con eros + Look at thisextet rom the aioerpt forthe ite ‘ofthe present simple and the present continuons as ing task. Underline examples the example. J: They’te responsible for household ‘dustoin’ collections, or taking away al ihe rubbish you produce in the home, In recent years, many more sites have been set up to collect waste separately for recycling. There are often ‘containors in car parks of outside supermarkets for people to put bottles in clear, groan and brown bottles aro separated. A'so newspapers and magazines can be recycled as well as tins made of aluminium. One of the pproblams of thi, though, is that most people are not bothering to take thoir rubbish thoro. To overcome this, some local councils also provide special containers, often called ‘recycling bins’, for residents to collact glass and paper in, They put these outside their houses at the same time 9 their rubbish, and they are collected and recycled. | see. So are you saying that recycting is more important than actually reducing waste? J: No. Nowadays, many products are increasingly being designed with reuse ‘or recycling in mind and | think, in general, people are far more aware about these issues, 2 Write the examples from the ext under the correct heading to describe their use. “The present simple can be used to describe: 1 aregular hel 2 something which is generally true ari vay“the present continuous can be used to deseribe: 1 something in progress at this specific moment 3. Which of the following verbs are ‘State! verbs and not usually used in continuous: tenses? belong develop eat grow know love realize seem smell want 4 Some state verbs can be used in the continuous form with a slightly different meaning, Discuss the difference in meaning between the verbs in these pairs of } sentences with a partner. 1 @ What are you thinking about? b What do you think about clinnate change? 2 a [feel sure that more could be done to reduce congestion. b I'm feeling abit sick. 3 Most people in developed countries have a car, b Tm having a lot of trouble with my car at the moment. 5 Complete the following text with the verbs in brackets in the correct tense (present | imple or continuous). Every year, UK housetolds (1) _ (throw away) 8.3 millon tonnes ‘of food. Shockingly, esearch (3) “"__ (show) that most ofthis could actually have boon eaten. The majority of the waste (3) (happen) as a result of buying food in bulk, which then (@)____(@o bad) bofore we ‘an eat it. Most of us probably (5). ~tknowi that we are wasting too much food, but we probably (6) “(hot realize) that it costs us, on average, £680 a year. | ‘The amount of waste produced by Brlish households (7) (grow) year by year and we (8), (cureatiy buried in landfill sites. The good ai Scientists (develop) new ways to use food waste to create gas, which can then be used to produce energy. 6 Work in pairs. Make a list of things which can be reeyeled, then discuss which of these things you currently recycle, ~ How do you do this? (collection from your house, going to a bottle bank, ete) ~ Ifyou don't recycle any of these things. what is it that prevents you? ~ [sit difficult or inconvenient? ~ What would make you more likely to recycle these things? See Grammar and vocabulary bank on page 151. EB tan otayThe environment 1 What topie do the pictures relate to? Use the words in the box and any others that you know to describe the pictures and talk about what they show. carbon dioxide climate consequences __offciontly. omissions essential greenhouse —renawable the planet’ wasting 2 Reacl the short text below. Don't worry about the gaps, just try to get the general idea, Which do you think would be the best title? A Global warming - who cares? B We can stop global warming. © Why we can’t stop global warming, D The history of global warming, Avorage global temporature has risen by 0.8 degrees Celsius since the start of the industrial evolution, That may not sound ike much, out the (1) ‘are enormous, ‘The polar ice caps are shrinking year by year. Extrem Weather Situation a78 Oa the increase. Giimato onango is clreacy damoging (2) and that’s only the beginning However we can do something about i. i¢18 v6t hve Bointiéfrom outor space. IRs people, us, who are causing (3) change by polluting the stmosphera ‘wath too much (4) (@O.i.and other (5) _ gases. IF we started it ourselves, we Gai Stop Watsons too We can — end must ~ cut 00; (6) ty 50% by the year 2080. ‘The industrial countries will have {0 cul theirs by a8 much as 80%, IF we do this, we can keep the ‘ise in global temperature below the 2 degrees Celsius mark Scientists agree that this is, a If we are to prevent the climate from getting completely out of control. @) - 2. FORMS Of energy ~ solar power, wind, water can supply hha the world’s ‘energy tédiivements by the rmiddie of this century, But only if we stop @ ‘energy and take action to use it more (10) 3 Look at the text again and identify what part of speech is needed in each g ‘then choose from the words in the box in exercise 1 to complete the text. El taeiay4 What can be done to prevent or slow climate change? Work in pairs or small groups and write your ideas in the table below. Individual actions Government actions Walking mareanddeving lees Providing cheap and efficient public transport to encourage people not rouse | thetrears. ‘ IELTS Writing Tack 2 1 Look at the following essay question. Do you agree, disagree, or partly agree? Discuss your ideas with a partner, Indivickal actions have lite or no effect on climate change. For this reason, worthwhile ‘change can only be made at governmental level To what extent co you agree or disagree? Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your ovin ‘knowledge or experience. White at least 250 words. 2 Now read the following model answer: Docs the writeragree with the statement, disagree or partly agree? Which paragraph gives you the writer's opinion most clearly? Inrecent-years ithas become more and mere obvious that climate charge is real ane that it's | starting to alfect our planet back. lFwe contin: topolute the atmosphere with current vels oF 0, the consequences willbe enormous, Geary. change aust happen. but whose reeponibity kit? Some people argue that the problem's so huge that only irternational governmental action can have any real impact. Certainly, cieessentialfor goverment to work together on solutions, lgning up toagreeientsand more important. keepg them Ona national level we need to remember that most polucen 'a caused ly welustry and that: this can orly be controlled effectively by government-acticn. For example, industries could be made to pay.a carn taxon ther emission However while the government must take a lead on dealing with clmate change, we are algo all Indiadualy responeibie for cur own carton footprint. The average person in the UK is responsible for about 10 tonnes of carton emissions a year, while someone i the developiig world only uses around O23 tonnes a year if we are to prevent: temperatures rising by more than 2 degrees, we willalneed tousenomore than 1.3 tonnes a year by 2050. This wil requite a considerable iftestyle change for | the average British person. We wil need to stop flying regularly driving when we could just a eacily | val and 0 on. Incorelusion | mould makitain that to protect our planet, and al aur futures, we wil ced a comionation of effective mtemational agreement, strong government policies and changes in induidal behaviourTopic sentences 3 A (opie sentence is the sentence within a paragraph which gives the reader the main idea of the paragraph, The other sentences give more information, adding cletails br examples. Underline the topic sentenees in euch paragraph of the sample essay. 4. or cach topic sentence, identiy the topic und the main idea about it Inrecent years thas become mare and mare obvous that cltmate charge is rea and that itis | starting to affect ou planet vadly ‘he topic is climate change, ‘The main idea is thet itis havinga bad etfeet. 5 What supporting ideas or information have been ackled to each main idea? Which | paragraph does not have any supporting information? Why? Topie sentence: ote poople argue that the problem: so huge that only interna ional govaramental action | can haveanyrealimpact Supporting ideas: Certainty. essential for governments to work together on sok.ttons, sgring up to agreements and, morsimportantly, keeping them: On a national level we need to remeniber that most polution 's caused by industry and that his can only be controled effectively by goverment-action For exanple elstries coud be made topay a carton taxon their emissions 6 Look at the three sentences below. Together they make a paragraph, Identify the topic sentence sand then add the supporting sentences to make a coherent paragraph. 4 By the end of the 21st contury, if current trends continue, the global temperature Is Ikely to be higher than at any other time in the last two milion years. b Climate change is a realty. ‘© Our planet is hotter today than ithas been in two thousand years. 7 Write a paragraph using the following topic sentence. The topie sentence ean go the beginning or the end of the paragraph, Make sure that the other sentences are Clearly related to the topie sentence. Remember that they can be used to add detail or examples Mary people believe that tha throat of climate change has boon exaggerated, Practice 8 Look at the following question and underline the key words. People will never be wiling to make the dramatic ifestyle changes needed to contro! climate change. For this reason, governments must force people to do $0. To wirat extent do you agree or disagree? Give reasons for your answer and inckide any relevant examples from your own knowlege or experience. Wht at foast 260 words. ith today© ‘Ihe first paragraph or introduction explains the background and says what in you understand by the question, but in your own words. Which of the following. introductions would be most suitable for the essay question above? 1 think that itis very importent that we should alliook after our planet. Aftor ali is the only one we have. There are lots of small actions that we can ail take such as switching off computers and televisions, raiher than leaving them on standby or walking short distances rather than going in the car. 2 Nowadays, most people are awere of tho threat of amato chango and are wilting to make small changes to the way they ive. However, forthe majority of people this ddoss not include such things as giving up their car or ging up tying abroad. h 3. Governments must force people to make changes or the problem of climate ‘change wil never be solved. If necessary, people who continue to pollute the planet should be sent to prison. 410 Now make a list of ways in which you agree with the statements and/or disagree ‘with the statement, Also try to think of examples to back up your opinions, 11. Divide your ideas into two or three paragraphs, with one main idea in each paragraph, Write your paragraphs, Ihis is the main part of your essay, and you should write about 200 words in total in these paragraphs. 12 ‘The conclusion should sum up the main points and give your final opinion (though you can also mention your opinion in the introduetion if you prefer). V conclusion, using one of the following stems to start the paragraph. Useful language * In conclusion, | would maintain/srque/say that ‘Tosum up, we can see thet is clear that. | Toconciude, | agree that... S 15. Check grammar; voeabulary and spelling. Make sure that you leave yourself a | few minutes to check your werk for any obvious grammar (For example articles, | tenses, plurals, third person, subject-verb agreement, etc), vocabulary or spelling, mistakes. You will not have time to change the iain content of your essay but you might notice some errors that can be easily corrected 14 When you have finished your answer, compare it with the model answer on page 160. tay aLoney. Seg, (SRE) «120% 1h topes below and make a ist of vocabulary from tho unit which you could use to discuss each one. ‘Should cars be banned in city centres? = Why bother recycling? ~ What alternative sources of energy are there and which is our best option? 2 @uw Listen to three different people talking about thes of vocabulary you listed do they use? topies. Which of the items 3. Listen again and complete the table. Tope Oglala a Should cars be banned in city centres? Why bother recycling? ‘What alternative sources of energy are there and which is our best option? | 4 Listen again. Which of the phrases in the box helow do you hear? Useful language Personel More impersonal In my viewfopinion Some people say/arqueythink that | | personel think ther Ic rather (+ base formia prefer (to + base form or-ingl .. Backing up opinions with examples | Istrongly/fimlyfpersoneliymnonesti) believethink/eel that For examplefinstance, | I'm convinced trat In my experionce/country | IF you esk me, | 5 Choose one of the topies in exer opinions, with reasons, ise 1 and write ive sentences, giving your (using appropriate vocabulary: 6 Find a partner who has chosen the same topic as you (if possible) and without using your written sentences, talk about the topic togeth = BeansWorking out meaning from context ‘1 Look at the headline of the article. What reasons can you think of why this might bbe happening? 2 Read the article and check your predictions. Car use is dropping A Car use is falling in Britain in a historic change of direction that will have {important implications for transport, mabilty and society in general, expert panellis's agreed at a meeting held yesterday evening. Nobody knows, \why the deciine is occurring, out it mirrors what is happening in other industrialized counties. Car sales have fallen by more than a fifth in Japan since 1990, while in the United States millions more cars are scrapped cach year than are purchased. 8 One factor in the decline may bo tho regeneration of cities like London and Manchester, where more and more homes have been built near to the centre ‘making car ownership and use unnecessary. And indood research in the US = where four in five people now live in towns and cities ~ suggests that this does play a part as growing numbers of cars have lessened mebility, through congestion, rather than improving it. © There is evidence that the fall is perticularly marked among the young. Socializing on the internet, rather than in person, has ven found to be a {factor in a drop in the number of US teenagers with driving licences, from 12 rmilion in 1978 to under 10 million now, 8 tis often possible to work out the meaning ofan unknown word by using the context For example, for the word implications in paragraph A: ~ First decide what part(s) af speech the word or phrase is. In this case it anoun, = ‘Then look at the sentence before and after the word for any clues. The big change in the number of cars heing used will faive important implications for different areas of society: it will have a big effect or impact on them. ~ When you have an idea what it might mean, try it out inthe sentence to sce if t makes sense, Car use is faling in Britain in a histor’c change of direction that will have a big effect on transport, mobility and society in general. “the dictionary definition of implication isa possible future efect or result ofan ction, event, decision, ete! Now find a word or phrase in the text avhich means the same 1a decrease in the quality. quantity or importance of something (para A) : 2. is vory similar Lo something olse or copies it (para A) 3 the process of making something develop and grow strong again (paraB) 4 very easy to notice (para€) 5 one of several things which influence or eause x situation (paraC).| (EEE) 1 2 a thes pleturs and answer the questions = Which holiday would you most/leest like to go on? | What type of person does each holiday appeal to? 2 Read the title of the passage on paye 31. What do you think extreme touris Read the first paragraph of the article and check your predictions. Matching headings to paragraphs 3 Read the text quickly . Do any of these holidays appeal to you? Why/Why not? Now answer the questions, Questions 1-6 ‘The roading passage has seven paragraphs labelled A-C, Choose the correct heading for each paragraph from the list of headings below. List of headings i Sub-zero expedition 0 Paragraph A _ fi ii The rise in adventurous travel 1. Paragraph B lii_ An out of this world experience 2 Paragraph C iv Into the dopths of tha jung 3. Paragraph D v_ Journey through heat and cust 4 Paragraph E @ vi High and dry on two wheels © Paragraph F u vil On top of the world 6 Paragraph & vill Close underwater encounters ix African overland safari BB Altaroint ws woreAdventure, Risk and Adrenaline Rush - the appeal of extreme tourism {A\Whilst for many people the idea of the perfect holidey is escaping from the routine and stress of everyday life to a faraway deserted beach, for a growing number of trevellers this type of holiday ne longer holds its appeal. For these adventure seekers, the chance to participate In someting much more daring of dangerous is attrocting more tourists each year. This type ‘of extreme tourism involves travelling to some of the most farflung and inhospitable corners fof the earth or taking part in risky sports oF activities. The most intrepid holidaymakers. combine the two; dangorous activites in @ hazardous environment. Here are just a few ‘examples of the type of Nolideys available, 8 This must be the ultimate in extreme travel destinations but is fast becoming a reality for hose for whom money is no object. So far only handful of space tourists have taken to the ‘skies but already a number of companies are competing for the custom of the few who have the cash. All potential space tourists must, o on an intenlve training course prior to departing on this unique trip. The course wit prepare them for the weightless environment and cramped conditions of a £1 milion-a-night space hotel where, from the windows, they will be able to view the earth ard see the sun ris2 every 80 minutes. ¢ Few people can actually claim to have ssen Antaictica 0 this is really @ once-invifetime experience. This inaccessible region, whose. only human residents are scientists and researchers, holds records for being the riest, windiest and coldest continent, with temperatures below freezing oll yoar round. ‘Travellers to this region wil experience 24- hour sunlight and gee magniticent icebergs £85 well as colonies of penguins. For the most ‘soventurous, there are plenty of unexplored mountains to limb and skidoo riding across the desert snow i¢ also popular. Bp Astute D At over 9,400,000 cquare kilomotres, the Sahara is the lengest hot desert in the word, Spanning North Africa from the Red Sea to the Atlantic Ocean. Trekking on foot is not the only travel option and came! rides and 4 x4 vehicles are also used to venture into the ‘wildemess, where temperatures can reach 50°C during the day but can fail rapidly at night. Accommodation is under canvas in a traditional Bedouin tent and there will be litle In the way of craature comforts with common hazards including sandstorms and scorpions. E This adventure is for climbing enthusiasts looking for the ultimate challenge. At 8,850 metres high serious training Is neoded to reach the top of Everest and it ean be ciffieult 40 acclimatise to the high altitude, but the Himalayas are fast becoming one of the ultimate tourist destinations. Far those who ‘don't wish to try for the highest summit thore are plenty of opportunities for challenging climbs around Everest base camp. F South America’s spectacular Amazon basin is. ‘one of the most humid places on earth and is home to a huge array of flora and fauna. In some places rainfall here is over 2,000 mm a year and temperatures can reach around 32°C. ‘Adventurous tourists can trek into some of the most remote and uninhabited areas of the rainforest to spat willife including alligators, monkeys, parrots and aracondas. There may so be opportunitios to exporienes the way of life of some of the incigenous communities that inhabit the Amazon basin, G For adventurers keen to get up close to the natural world, this holiday to South Africa gives ‘travellers the chance to observe the wonders of the ocean depths including tropical reefs, ‘whales, turtles, dolphins anc sharks. The highlight of this marine saferi must he the thrill of the great white shark cage dive whare divers are surrounded by these amazing creatures, only seperated by the bars of a reinforced ‘cage. Not for the faint-hearted!Short answers Questions 7-13 Answer the questions using NO MORE THAN ‘THREE WORDS from the text 7 What type of person does extreme tourism appeal to? 8 What inal Space tots attend to prepare for their trip? | 9 Who lives in Antarctica? . 10 What dangers will visitors to the Sahara come aeross? } 11 What'do Everest climbers have difficulty getting used to? 12 Whose lifesivie can travellers to the Amazon come into contact with? 13 What projects divers from thee great white shark? ‘Synonyms Sce Grammar and vocabulary bank on page 152, 4 Synonyms (words with the same or similar meaning) are used in written Engl make a text more interesting and to avoid repetition. Find the following synonyms in the text. 1 Three adjectives meaning likely 4 kil, dantage or harm (para A) ‘ice adjectives meaning @ long way away or distant (para A, para F) 3 ‘Three notins/noun phrases which refer to plants, animals and other living things (para & para G) 4 ‘Three adjectives meaning keen lo dry new things, brave (para A, para C) 3 Tio adjectives end one noun which refer to.a place with no people or where people do not live (para A, paca D, para F) 5 Use one of the synonyms from exercise 4 to completo each of the sentences, Compare with a partner. Did you use the same wor 1 Mybrotheris very. ‘and always tries to find new and exciting challenges. 2 Thave always heen very interested in and woul love to go onan African safari. 3 Atick into the Sahara will take you to areas where you will not see any other people. 4 One ofthe most trips you can undertake is climbing Mount Everest. 5 Every summer I travel tow Scottish village to visit my grandparents F Articles Soo mpmoer and roebiiry bark on peg i 1. Lookat these examples of how articles are used. Match the examples with the rule Indefinite artictes (a/an) 1 ona faraway deserted beach 2 £1 million-a-nigit space hotel 3 space tourists must go on ai intensive training course they live a long way from the nearest city. a Use a/az with countable nouns the first time they are mentioned, ‘b_ Use a/az to mean per or every with distances, times, ete € Use a/u when the noun referred to is one of many. a BD isons i waDefinite article (the) 4 holds records for being the driest, windiest and coldest continent 5 see the si tise every 80 minutes 6 the Himalayas ave fast becoming one of the ultimate tourist destinations 7 aspace hotel .. where, from the windows they will he able to view the earth 8 The course will prepare them Use the with singular, countable nouns, alter they are first mentioned or ifit is lear which one is being talked about. Use dhe with nouns which are unique, £ Use the with superlatives. g Use thewith rivers, seas, deserts and mountain ranges. Fh Use the when it is clear which one is being talked about. No article (-) 9) wildlife including alligators, neonkeys, parrots and anacondas 10 those for whom money is no abject 11 Few people can actually claim to have seen Antarctica i Use no article with most countries, regions and continents. © j__ Use no article with plural countable nouns used in a general sense, : k Use no article for uncountable nouns used ina general sense, 2 Look at these sentences taken from the text and fill in the missing articles (~= no article]. Then check your answers against the text. 1 most far-flungand inhospitable comers of 2 Sahara is iargest hot desert i world, sp 6 North Aftica from’ "Red Sea to ‘Atlantic Ocean, a. rainfall here isover 3.000 mm. Year 4. whose only human residents are ientists and researchers .. 5... travellers to this region will experience, 24-hour sunlight and sce. magnificent icebergs 6 this holiday to South Afriea 7. wondersof ocean depths including tropical reefs, whales, titles. 5 8 only separated by.” barsof _.._..._ reinforeed cage. 3 Work in pairs to do the general knowledge quiz. Think carefully | articles in your answers. | Which sea separates North Africa from Europe? | Who lives in Buckingham Palace, London? | What rises in the sky in the morning? How often is therea new moon? | | | eee ‘What wild eats might you see on an African safari? Why is Mount Everest so famous? i“ In which continent are Japan and Thala? What are England, Scotland, Wales and Northern irela Whatis the Great White? What is the highest mountain range in South Ame Be evan EB At eraust sn won [3]IELTS Listening Section 1: Prediction 1 You want to travel by train to Edinburgh and you phone the train enquiry line. Taink about the Lype of information you want and write down: 1 three questions you might ask, eg Mow rauich does a ticket to Edinburgh cost? 2 three questions the train enquiry person might ask you, eg What time do you want to travel? 2 You are going to hear a conversation between a student and a train enquiry assistant. Look at questions 1-6, What type ofanswers are needed? eg. |. a date. Table completion Questions 1-6 | "35 Now listen and fill in the information in the spaces in the boxes, [Dateoftravel [1 | fare se Class 3 ‘Outward journey | Depart Birmingham | 08.05 Arrive Edinburgh Change of train? Return journey | Depart Edinburgh | 16.45 18.05 Arrive Birmingham | 20.21 21.57 Change oftrain? | Direct 6 Change at Stockport Questions 7-10 299 Listen to the second part ofthe recordingand answer questions 7-10. ‘Type of ticket Apex Super | ApexPeak [9 Off Peak Saver Saver cS Saver Advance purchase | 14 days 8 None None necessary? | men sh ‘Travel on Friday | Yes Yes 10 possible? | Price t t £54 £38 Labelling a diagram ‘Questions 11-14 (CARND ‘he student is al the train station information desk. Listen to the Final part of the recording and answer questions 11-14. I L fa 2 ‘The tain station rl | — 4) i I café newsagents | i You are here ci)— Hi iieoinatie ra IELTS Writing Task 1 1. Name the country where you can see these attractions, = Can you identify them? ~~ Would you like to visit this destination? Why/Why not? 2 Read this Task | question. Which country do most visitors come from? The teble below shows how meny tourists from five countries visited Australia tn different years from 2006 to 2010. Sunnarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant. Country ofresidence | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 New Zealand gm | 976 | 1030 | 1005 | 1011 Japan esi | 582 | 505 | 396 | 335 Canada o | io us |? | us China 267 | 319 | 346 | 352 | 360 Germany waa | ia | tas | 153 | 159 Franco a | 6 | {| | 93 Visits (thousands) Selecting and reporting the main features 3 Which of these statements would be the most si data above? 1 ‘The number of visitors to Australia from most countries decreased from 2006 to 2010. 2 ‘The number of visitors to Australia from most countries increased from 2006 to 2010. ble general description for the 4 Lookat the table again. Which three statements from the list below would be suitable to include as important information and which three would you not include? Give reasons. 1 Over the whole period New Zealand had the most visitors to Australia 2 From 2006 to 2010 the biggest inerease in tourists was from China. 3 There were 148,000 visitors from Germany in 2008, 4 ‘The number of visitors irom France inereased between 2007 and 2008. 5 Visitors from Japan to Australia elmost halved over this period. 6 Chinese tourists visiting Australia increased by about 6,000 from 2008 to 2009,5 Look at this model answer to the question, Quickly read the text and underline one statement about eacti of the countries, et il Describing trends and changes over time 6 Look at the sample answer again 1 Underline the verbs that mean go up or yo down 2 Complete the table. Which tense is used in the answer? Why? Down ¥ Infinitive : drop fall adveris in the model answer and complete the table below. Why are adverbs like these useful for Task 1? Adverbs deseribinga | Adverbs describinga | Adverbs describing a big ehange slower, more regular | small change change Significantly steadily slightly 7 Lookat the examples below. China 2009 | 2010 159 Tourist numbers fron Germany rose gradually om 2008 to 2010.1 1 Write a sentence describing the trend shown in the data in the boxes. Canad i 2009 Q 7 | 18 ie Japan = 2008 | 2009 05 | 396 2 Write further statements about New Zealand (20 )~2007) and France (2006-2008). Adding specific details to general statements & Iisimportant to use numbers or figures from the data to suppart your state i Read the following sentences. Note the extra details underlined. i The biggest increase in toursts was from Chira and numbers went up significantly : ‘by approximately 100,000 to reach 360,000 in 2010. Over the witole period New Zealand had tie most visitors with a noteble increase ; ‘rom 979,000 to over a mili Add extra details using figures from the table to these sentences from the model answer. 1 “There were fewer visitors from France but numbers rose considerably He csicneni 2. visitors from Japan to Australia almost halved over this period with a 7 Significant dcrease from z Practice 9 Read the information and choose the key points you want to include in your answer. ‘What general trends does the table show? What specific details will you need to include? The table below shows UK resicients' visits abroad by country of visit from 2004 to 2008. Summariza the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and ‘make comparisons where relevant. 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 Egypt 345 | 564 | om | 510 | 66a India esr | 796 | 958 | 972 | 956 Poland got | 637 | 1.236 | 1552 | 1.578 13,883 | 13,897 | 14428 | 13,869 | 13819 467 | 4241 | 3.986 | 3,923 | 4.003, nds) ts (in tho 10 When you have finished, compare it with the model answer on page 161. A around the word en]: Listening for gist You will hear someone talking to a class about a trip. Listen and answer these questions, 1 Where is the trip to? 2 How long will the trip last? 2 Listen again and answer the exam task questions, Multiple choice Questions 1-5 Circle the appropriate letter. 1 Mary Golding is A. student. 4. ‘They will cross the Channel B acoordinator. ‘A bycoach. © the Student Officer. B byplane. D the French teacher. ©. by ferry 2. How many students ean go on Dicby teal this trip? 5 They will retorn homeat around a4 A’ Lam. B io B lopm ¢ 30 © tipm D% D 9am. 3 ‘he trip begins on A” Wednesday 4th Apri B Saturday 31st March, € Saturday 4th April. D_ Friday 30th March, Classification Questions 6-10 imma Listen to the second part of the talk. During the trip (o Paris, will you have to pay for these activities? Write FREE (F) ifiti free. INCLUDED (1 fit is included in the cost of the trip. PAY (P) if you have to pay for it yourself 6 aboat ride 7 ‘The Fiffel Tower 8 acathedral 9 art galleries 10. the train journey to Paris, Bey ai ont vontFREIUEINNNNY«* ook at the pictures of tourist attactons. a which country do you think they How could you deseribe each plice? Which of the following features would you ‘expect to find in each place? afriendly atmosphere a peaceful environment beautiful views colourful markets historic bulldings interesting museums ana galleries lively nightlife spectacular scenery street cafés traditional local customs unspoilt countryside Label the map with the locations and geographical features, a castle in the north east (of the country) ‘city betwoen the mountains and the sea a town next toa forest abeach on the east coast aniskind offthe south coast ariver in the west of the country a mountainous region in the west village next to alake eI aKeeRe BB isto wonIELTS Spe: A Describe a tourist destination you have enjoyed visting. You should say = where the place ic = when you first went there = what this place is like and explain why you enjoyed visiting i | B Describe a place you would liko to visit In the future. You should say = where the place is | i = what is the piace like/why itis famous what you would do there and explain why you would like to visit this place. Making notes In Part 2 of the Speaking exam you have one minute to think about what you are going to say and make notes, Look at a student's notes for one of the two tasks above, Which of the Lasks hats she chosen? | + Disneyland + Florida, USA + favourite films, characters + rides + souvenirs + love Disney + dream since childhood + Family 4 © Listen to the student give her talk using the notes she made, As y think about questions 1-6 1 Did she cover al the points on the card? | 2 Did she talk for long enough? 3 Whal doos she say to start the talk? 4 How does she introduce the final part of the talk? 5 How could the talk be improved? 5 Youare now going to do Task A, Fits, spend one minute preparing ideas and making. notes. Work in pairs. Speak for 1-2 minutes on the topic and get your partner to time you. Make sure you include all paints on the card. When you have finished your partner will tell you what you cid well and what you should do to improve. Presentation ‘Think of a place anywhere in the world you would love to go to. Carry out research using the guidelines below and then present your idicas to the group: = Location, How to get there, ~ Why this place is famous. ~ Why you are interested! in visiting it. If possible use vistals to illustrate your talk, rer orn ordBes DD Aiorond te wes Editing 1 Checking your work carefully and correcting your own mistakes will help you improve your accuracy in written work as well as being very useful for your future studies. Look at the following Writing Task 1 showing the purpose of overseas visits to the UK and read the sample answer. Purpose of visit, 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 9275 | 9.713 | 10566 | 10,758 | 10923 8,168 8815 | 8,124 Visiting friends or relatives | 7,861 | 8,687 gr | 9727 Miseollancous 349 | 3,401 3456 | 313 Allvisits total) 27,755 | 29,969 32.779 | 31887 Visits (in thousands) - The total number of overseas visits fo UK decreased from 2004 to 2008. Mos people visited the UK for the purpose of holidays and this figure went up slightly. Travel to Visit friends or relatives and for business reasons increased but visits for miscellaneous Purposes decrease. A biggest increase was visiting friends or relatives which riso significantly from 7,861,000 to 8, 124,000, Holidays also went up considerably from 9,275,000 to 10,929,000. Miscellaneous reasons droped dramatically from 8, 149,000 to 3, 113,000. Overall, the number of overseas resients’ visits to the UK increased in this period. 1 Find errors relating to the content (one for each category): ~ general trends ~ specific details. 2. Find and correct errors relat = two spelling errors = bwo atticles errors = bwoverb tense errors ~ bwo adverbs describing trends errors igto language: Collocations 2 All these words can collocate with the verb éravel or the noun traveller. Use them to complete the word map. eee ee frequent independently keen overseas regularly Gaxeie neers af Se travellers travel (vero) » ae # Cm) mamamumare ]) \" ) [rerranscetea ties | how/where people travel ~_ to describe types of traveller See Grammar and vocabulary bank on page 152 for lurlier practiceCarrying a weapon Riding a bicycle on the pavement | Feating 1 Which of the following are against the lawin your country? Which do you think are | against the law in the UK? ~ Parking on pavements = Using a mobi = Dropping litter e phone while driving, | Driving through red lights ~ Not wearing a seatbelt in the car Galing ar drinking while driving = Speeding (breaking the specd limit while driving) Downloading musie from illegal websites 2 Which ofthese’erimes' do you think are com text quickly and tick the ones that are men Tare not mentioned? Our daily dose of crime Most people are preity lawabiding you might think, Well, think again, According to a recent survey, the average Biitish citizen breaks the law 500 times a year, or about aight times a wook. Sorne of the offences most commonly committed are downloading music ilegaly, riding bicyeles on the pavement and dropping liter. Motorists are among the worst offendars, with common crimes including parking on the pavement, eating or drinking behind the wheel, using @ non hands free mobile phone while diving oF hot putting on a seatbert The survey polled 2,000 adults about these crimes and found that 25% of those polled were not at all worried about the foct that they were actually breaking the law. Thelr arguments were either that the crimes wero not vory serious or that it was ecceptable because ‘everyone does it John Sewell, who works for wwaxonepoll.com, which carried out the poll, said: i's worrying to think that so many people are breaking the law on & ally basis, Le] nonly committed in the UK? Ri ned. Which of the eritns ‘And it's an even bigger concem that mary aren't at all bothered about it, "Bul these sc-called minor crimes are committed 50 regularly, they hava almost become legal, which seems to be the reason so many people aren't fazed when they do break the law" Speeding, which can, of course, have serious consequences, was one of the most common laws to be broken, Over 50% of people admitted to breaking the speed limit at times and 35% of eopie admitted to eating and drinking whie driving, Toxting ang using a mobile phone while driving was also quite common. Peter Grey, spokesman for the National Society for the Prevention of Road Accidents, commented, ‘ter many years of campaigning, Britain now has one of the best road safety records in the world. However, there ere still around six people dying on our roads each dy. Without coubt this number could be significantly reduced if people would just follow the law, cine ane putinTrue, False, Not given 2 Do the following statements agree with the information in the text? Write ‘TRUE (1) ifthe statement agrees with the information, FALSE (F) ifthe statement contradicts the information. NOT GIVEN (NG) ifthere is no information on this 1 More than half the people questioned consider the crimes unimportant. 2 Some of the minor erimes have recently become legal. 8 More than a thousand! people admitted to speeding. 4 35% of people admitted to using a mobile while driv 5 ‘There are fewer road accidents in Britain than there used to be. 4 Discuss these questions. = Do you think these crimes are mi ~ Which do you consider to be the most serious? ~ How should people who commit these crimes be A prison sentence? No punishment? punished? A fine? A warning? 5 Read the text about crazy driving laws on page 4. Are any of the erimes from the previous text mentioned? 6 Read the text again and answer the questions. Tal completion Questions 1-8 Complete the table. Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS OR A NUMBER from. the passage for ench ansiver Name Crime Punishment Signalled to other motorists Michael Th Michael Thompson | ea afine and costs = a 4 Keith Pemberton | eating whilst deiving 2 £60 fine 3, afine Michael Mancini B iscscicnsacis while waiting in his car £60 fine and 6 Gary Saunders atthe no punishment except a wheel 8Crazy driving laws Should a driver be punished for warning of a speed trap ahead? David Wiliams investigates some ceses in which the police appear to have overreacted. Michael Thompson provoked sympathy end disbelief in equal measure when he nas fined £175, ordered to pay £250 costs and a £45 ‘victim surcharge’ after being found guilty of wilfully obstructing & police officer in the course of her duties. The crime meriting such severe punishment? The semiretired men simply did what many motorists often do and warned oncoming drivers that there \wes a police speed trap eround the comer by flashing his headiamps, Thompson insisted he was performing his ‘civic duty’ by warning fellow motorists and one sclicitor at court enticized the prosecution as a vaste of taxpayers” money. In words that resonated with many of Britain's 34 million motorists, the solicitor said the criver should be praised for his ections. Not everyone was as sympathetic, however. On ‘national radio phone-ins many criticized his actions; had he not prevented speeding drivers from getting their just deserts? It tums out that Thompson is in good company: ‘numercus driver prosecutions and penalties have been at least as contentious. In December 2003 Sarah MeCatfery was stoppod by police who thought she was using her mobile phone ‘while making a left turn in her Ford Ka. In fact, she was doing nothing more sinister than ating an apple. Pale navertheless issued her with a £30 ticket, saying she was not in proper control of her car. The 23yearold ftom HebbuI, in the North East, decided to fight back and appealed, but was. nevertheless comcted by magistrates. Stranger still was the case of a man fined for blowing his nose. When Michael Mancini found, himself stuck in a queue of trefic with a runry nose, he instinctively reached for his handerchiet, The simple act of pulling outa tissue and blowing his nose eamed him a £60 tne because ho was ‘notin proper contro of his vehicle" Policeman Stuart Gray also handed out thrae penelly points, even though Mancini bad the handbrake on at the ums ‘The case echoes that of salesman Keith Pemberton, from Cheshire, who was fined £60 for eating a sandwich at the wheel in March 2007. Company director Gary Saunders was stopped in the same city for laughing while driving in 2009, but escaped with a tickingoff Motoring, clearly, is not a laughing matter ~ but Justice can prevail. Mr Mancini took his protest to ‘court and the public prosecutor in Ayr decided not to prosecute. '| knew It would cost me hiring a lawyor but it was worth it out of principle,’ said Mr Mancini. Kevin Story was spotted by police munching a ‘chocolate: bar on the M3 and issued with a fine for ‘not being in control of his vehicle’. Police later gave him a break and said the fine would be quashed as. twas ‘inappropriate’ Hampshire's Assistant Chief Constable Golin Smith said: We accept that the issue of a fixed penalty ticket, while intended to promote road safety, was inappropriate action by a wellmeaning policeman, ‘Offers usually deal sonsitivaly and with common ‘sense. If we are found to be over-zealous, we are ‘more than happy to admit that officers are human ‘and sometimes make mistakes.” The Automobile Association (AA) advises drivers stopped by police to be courteous and not to challenge them. It says that nine times out of 10 no. action will be taken, ‘In the light‘lasning case, the driver said the police officer did not let him off with a warning because he “challenged” him, says Edmund King, of tho AA. ‘We urge drivers to keep their cool and police not to overreact to minor misdemeanours. It would save everybody an awful lot of time and money’ TD cine aorticClassification Questions 9-13 Look at the following statements and the list of people or organizations in the box below. Match each statement to the correct person/organization A=E. You may use any letter more than once, ‘9 Errors are sometimes made by enthusiastic police officers... 10 Taking people to court for less serious motoring crimes is a misuse of public money. 11 Motorists should keep calm and be polite to p toavoid at n being taken, er’s public obligation to warn other drivers of speed traps. 13 The police should not make too much of relatively small crimes, ‘A Michael Mancini B ‘tho AA C Michael ‘Thompson D Assistant Chie? Constable Colin Smith E A solicitor for Michael ‘Thompson CEE Crime ad the tow 1 The following words are all related to crime and the law and appear in the text: Use a dictionary to check the meanings and then complete the summary of the (ext. appeated convicted court guilty justice lawyer penalty prosecution "solicitor One example of crazy driving laws was the case of Michael Thompson who was found (1)... of waming other motoriate about speed traps. He received a heavy @) evens, ffOm 8) “ves though bis ecco, HHOUGHI the Gase wes a waste of taxpayers’ money. A similar case was that of Serch MeCetfery who, even though she (5), ‘ wes (6) of eating whilst driving. However, (7) es prevailed when ancther motorst, Michael Mancini successfully managed to avoid @... When he hired a (3) ‘and took his case to 0 i Discussion 2 Discuss the following questions in small groups. ~ Hovy serious do you think the crimes mentioned ~ What might the consequences of these crimes be’ ~ What punishments (if any) do you think are appropriate? the passage are? Do you agree that prosecuting people for this type of crime is a waste of police time and taxpayers’ money? Why/Why not? See Grammar and vocabulary bank on page 153 for collocations with crime. EE cio at piste om4 Complete the table betow with the erimes, criminals, verbs and definitions, Grime Criminal [verb BES slop 2 to shoplift to steal someting from a shop - to enter a building legally in order to ese | burglar to burale eee i a cee a to attack someone in a public place and waging mugger steal their money or possessions Fe ’ tarob (t knlfepoint/ | to take money of property from someone eed ibary: [a gunpoint) illegally (olten using weapons) I a to damage or destroy things deliberately, vandalism vend 8 : open “murderer to murder 6 2 Complete the sentences with one ofthe words from the table. You may have Lo change the form of the word. 1 - have painted graffiti on the town hall, 2 Reimember 16 Tock your doors and windows as there have been a number of saz. it the neighbourhood recently. 3 He was found guilty of in prison. two people and was sentenced to life 4 We have store detectives in operation and. will be prosecuted, 5 Most take place on the sitet or on publi transport 6 Agangof masked men. the bank and got away with «large amount of money. Defining relative clauses See Granumar and vocabulary bank on page 152. 1 Look at these crime de the gaps. ions and choose a suitable relative pronoun to complete, where which = who. whos. 1 Amuggerisa person... attacks people in public places and steals their ‘money and possessions. 2 Aprisonisa place _ criminals are kept as punishment for committing a crime. 3 Afineis money is paid asa punishment for breaking the law, 4 Victims are people lives have been affected by crime. 2 Underline the relative clause in each sentence, 3. Complete each of the spaces below with an appropriate relative pronoun, Choose from that/which/iho/whose/wherefiane needed. Some will have more than one possibility. 1 Burglary is one of the most common crimes people com 2 Insurance premiuims are often reduced in streets.” a Neighbourhood ‘Watch Scheme has been set up. 3 Ifyou make an insurance claim, you will need the crime reference number _.the police give you. 4 Manycrimes the police investigate are never solved, § Itoften takes along time for people houses have heen burgled to fully 6 Unfortunately, people... have been burgled once are statistically more likely to be burgled again.IELTS Writing Task 2 f 1 Look at the pictures of prison cells. What are the differences? 2. Decide whether the wordsin the box are associated with more modern or older prisons. | classrooms ensuite fecilities fewerinmetes gyms hhigh walls with berbed wire large living blocks overcrowded, dirty conditions personal computers smellercells stool bars on windows 3 Do you think we should have more modern or more traditional prisons? Why? | Read the following question. Many modern prisons have been designed for learning and communication with targer ccells often containing personal computers. However, this policy has been erticized for turning prisons into ‘noliday camps" and for ‘wasting taxpayers’ money." What are the advantages and disadvantages of a more moder prison system? Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience. Key stage: 4 Understand the question. Underline key words in the questions and make sure you Know what the task involves. 5 Generate main ideas, Look at the notes below and decide if you think they are advantages or disadvantages. Can you add any more ideas? Advantages: Disadvantages: + long-term benefits + expensive + prisoners have an easy life + the chance to study + make inmates into better citizens * improved facilities and living conditions © Add supporting information. In order to back up the main points you will need to include details and examples. Match these points to the nates above. 1. increased education opportunities, eg madern classraoms, computers 2 rdce ors level create water sacietiy 3 lass lkely to commit further crimes it ion clear goals 4 need tomadernze outdated system eg bigger cele, - dirty, overcrowded 5 waste of money, better to spend on crime prevention, ey merepoice training 6 ikea holday camp, food. activities and accommodation - not a puniohment EE esi paiSE Bl cine and posit Part 3 In this section yo analyse, discuss andl speculate about issues’ have to answer questions and ‘expr and justily opinions and to 1. Look at these questions from Speaking Part 3 1. What are the best ways to deal with young people who break the law? Why do people commit crime? 2 3 How can peopie help to prevent common crimes such as mobile phone theft? 4 Do you think police officers should have higher salaries? 5 Many people feel that films and TV influence crime rates. Do you agtos or disagree ‘with that view? 6 Do you think that it is important to have strict motoring laws and regulations? 2 ©mo ques ns does he answer? You are going to hear a student answering three of the questions, Which 3 Look at the expressions in the boxes below, Choose a suitable heading for each box. ~ Giving opinions Fillers (to give thinking time) ~ Makinga Suggestion ~ Agreeing or disagreeing 1 I believe Tsay that Personally, {think .. Some people say that 2. Possibly, but Tm not sure that. Yes, that's true (because). Yes, I think that’ very impor ae One way isto. We/people should/could .. isa good idea to lt would be better to .. Well. That'sa good question .. that’sa difficult one... Whard to say but. 4 Now listen again and tick the expressions you hear: 5 Now look again al question 1 in exercise 1. What are the best ways Lo d young people who broalk the law? © ‘Think about suitable ways to complete these sentences. ~ Personaily I think that young people who break the law because ~ Tor not sure that = Wa good idea to 7 Work in pairs. Askand answer questions 2-6 in exercise | using some of the expressions in exercise 3,Present perfect vs past simple ] Seo Grunt and vosbutary eet on page 162 | 1. Look at the phrases from Listening Section 3 on page 50 and match them to the uses (ad) below. | 1... this has actually happened to me and some of my friends. Last year [lef my mobile lying on a desk. = we have only had the law fora few yea + the number of acciclents on the roads has decreased signi to show an event which happened in the past at a definite time to show the duration ofa situation which started in the past and continues in the present to show an experience which Look place at an unspecified time in the past to show an event in the past which has a significant result in the present tly. ve een mo 2 Complete these sentences using cither the past simple or present perfect. T According to a survey, about 30% of British people (eat) while driving. 2 Thirty years ago cybercrime _ (not exist), 3 Absence from school... (be) in the news a lot recently 4 Burglaries in this area (decrease) since a neighbourhood ‘watch scheme was introduced 5 Last year car crime in the city centre cose (8e) significantly, 6 Iheard on the newsthat twomen,............... (escape) from the local prison, 7 Yesterday thieves (teal) over £1 million in an armed raid ona post office. 8 Myschool . (have) CCTV cameras for two years. 3 Choose the correct alternative and then discuss the questions. Did crime increase ar decrease/Fas crime increased or decreased in your town recently? 2 When you were at school how did the teachers punishyhave the teachers punished children who misbehaved? 8 Did you hear/Have you heard about any interesting crime stories in the nows recently? Class debate 4 You are going to debate a controversial topic. 1 Aya class choose one of the following subjects: Capital punishment (the death penalty) should not be allowed for eny crime. When a young person commits a crime, the parents are to blanne. 2 Work in two groups. One group should argue in favour of the statement, and the other should be against 3 Prepare your argument. think of plenty of reasons and examples to support ‘your opinions. Consider how the other group will present their case. Hovy will you challenge their views? Use some of the phrases for expressing opinions, ‘agreeing and disagreeing from this unit and Unit 2. 4 Prosent-and debate the Lopic. EGA ED ris a peinUsing a dictionary What do you use your dictionary for ~ looking up the meaning of words? A good Res In order to use a dictionary effect jonary has so much more usefi learning a language, vely, you need to understand the abbreviations that are used in it. Hy Cine a punt 1. Match these abbreviations to their meaning. 1 {Cl & uncountable noun ~ that cannot be used with a/an and 2 Adj hhas no plural form 3 [Tl b somebody 4 Sb © countable noun - that is used with afan or a number and 5 [U) has a plural form 6 Adv al adverd 7) fe something 8 Sth F adjective 9 Abbrev g abbreviation 1h transitive verb ~ used with a direct object, eg / ate my lunch i intransitive verb - has no direct object, og Fslopt until noon. Now look in your dictionary to find an example of each one, ‘What other abbreviations does your dictionary havo? ‘A good dietionary hes a lot of information about each word. Find out how much your dictionary can tell you. Look up: 1 rob:isit transitive or intransitive? 2 triad: which preposition is often used before this word? 3 legal: what is the opposit. 4 homicide: is this Brilish or American English? 6 7 thief: what is the plucal form? ASBO: what does this mean? behaviour: fine! Lee adjectives which collocate with this, 8 yobs this formal or informal? 9 Yume: where would you be if you are doing time? 10 frat what part of speech is this? in your dictionary and make any necessary ‘he error is not necessarily the word in italics. 1 He was fined for dropping liters in the street. 2 James was anested for stealing a shop. 3 Tis under the fawto smoke in public bi ngs. 4. Awitness has donea statement to police. 5 More police is needed to tackle erimes on the street 6 Motorists face strong jf 1es for speeding,| most important? Which are the least important? Give reasons for your answers academic qualifications foreign language skis | (REEENN] «* Merz pairs. what quatiticatons, kills and experience do employers look for when recruiting graduate employees? Which of the following do you think are the membership of etub \d societies musical ability sporting achievernents inthe local community work experience 2 ‘Ihe Confederation of British Inclustry (CBI) a organization which promotes British businesses, defines employability as a set of skills and knowledge which are essential for the workplace, These skills inelucle: management... 2 Teamwor 3 Business 4 Problem solving 5 Communicat 6 Application of numeracy pplication of information technology Match these employability skills with the definitions and examples below. the ability to write and speak clearly b the ability to work with others © the ability to assess a situation and find an appropriate solution an understanding of basic business concepts and how to meet customer needs © willingness to take responsibility, manage your time and improve performance fa familiarity with common software and internet search engines § theability to use mathematies in practical situations % Skim the text opposite and choose the most appropriate 1 How universities can help prepare graduates for work 2 Employers’ viows on education and skills for the workplace 3. Work experience for university students 4) EBB Neasier orientQO: [01 meimvarrieeney om Be Frits] De Sonweted Stes + 2) A Tha CAL recently conducted a survey Into education and sklls. Responces wore roceived trom $81 employers, collectively employing over 2.6 milion people, or 5% ofthe total UK workforce. These firms came from a wide ‘ange of organizations, covering all sectors of the economy, inclucing the pubils and private sector Tha survey wes Ccomplated by senior executives: in smell and medium-sized comeaniss, ths tenced to be the managing director, Chie executive oF chaz, wie in larger firs it was usually tho human resources dieetor or equivalent. B The eurvey comes ata tino when firms are facing tough economic conditions and pravices an authoritative barometer of business opinion on key education and skils issues. Findings trom the survey contrmed that businesses in the UK have strong relationships with universities. The majority (84%) of larger firms, with §,000+ ‘emipioyees, have links with universities ~ and 10% plan to develop lines inthe future || € Treo quatre (74%) oF companies whe have univers ink do 89 to provide work experience placements for | | duals ~ tis is more important for comparies in certain secters (construction) where the practical nature | ol the workplace makes work experince very importan’. Ris encouraging to seo business playrg its parttohelp | Aaduaies develop ihe skits which are the focus ofthis report, Businestes cee 2 numbar of benefits rom engaging vith universities, the main one being the ebiity to attract righ quaity graduates and post-aradutes, | | | D The survey aso suggests that small bushesses are struggling to make links with universities, There are 4.3 milion SMEs in tho UK accounting for almoet threa fills (69%) of employment. Findings sugoest that a emallor proportion ofthese businesses currently have links with universities ~ only haif of bushesses with belwaen 50 and 199) ‘employeas have university links, compared to 84% of the largest employers which responded, E When senior executves were asked to rank te most important factors they considar wn recruiting graduates. ‘mployaaity skiie eame out on top. Stucents and universes should be aware that employers place a huge value ont ail which wip yachts sci obs er radon, wero carpotion iow niger than over” | {to the oconomic downturn, Tho eurvey results also confirmed the urderstancing that underpinning all of these | sli, businesses also value a postive atttace: a ‘can-do’ approach, a readiness to take part and contribute, ‘openness to nav ideas and a drive to make those ideas happen. These findings are consistent with firdinas from ‘he previous year~ businesses rank employabily skils and a postive altitude at the top of thelr ist, || F emptyar are very hoppy with the I skis mong graduatoe entering tho worglace Is also encouraging to see |] tetbushesses are generaly satisfied wit the cegree to which gracuates have acquted he monly ofthe other | }| _enplyaniy kde. But salaactory shout not be seen ae good enough. There e no room for complacency whan | |] telatvey smat sroportias exorassahigh depres of approval. There also some cissalsacton (05%) terms }]staraduatesairerees of business and custome seus (only 8% rate themaaves es being hahly eaiied) and fo relation tothe level of self management shits gracuales possess (20% not salted), sugpesing a nead for inprevernont | | | G Itis not surprising that businesses think universities should focus on daveloging these emaloyabity skis within the ‘student population as a priority. When asked what threa things they thought universtioe should prisritzo, 82% of ‘employers thought tis was fer more important than increasing the number of stucients graduating from iniversity| ‘each year. It's a'S0 postive to note that businesses think universities chould focus on working with them to provide || more work experiance placements, so if universities want to improve their engagement with businesses a good place to start would be in relation to arranging work oxoorianco. The potantal to improve engagement in tho mal and medium-sized fis mey be greatest, where 4595 of medium firms currently have no links with universities. @~ Kim - | Glossary BI Confederation of British Industry ~ an organization which promotes British businesses SME smal and medium enterprises {businesses}Matching headings to paragraphs 4. Now answer the exam questions an the text Quostions 1-6 ‘The passage is divided into seven paragraphs (A-G), Choose the correct heading for cach paragraph from the list of headings below. the first has been done as an example. List of headings i Employers consider employabiity skills a priority Employers request an increace in graduate numbers v_ Dissatisfaction with IT skils in tho workplace How the survey was conducted Providing practical work experience for graduates Labelling a diagram Questions 7-13 rad paragraphs E He thc re diagrams. Use Vnciegiecal of voids fr “ansier and co Figure 1:7 5 eo onc Figure 2: The level to which graduates are ‘quipped with amployabilty ekils(%) ween Recommendations to improve employability skills and links with business iv Firms with a smaller workforce lack strong ties wth universities Employers’ mixed satisfaction with graduate employability skis Good connections between higher education and big business Paragraph A vi Paragraph B Paragraph C Paragraph D Paracraph E Paragraph F Paragraph G Re: and complete the labels on diagrams 1-3 below. Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS OR A NUMBER from the text for each answer. considered wien fruiting Graduates (16) Figure 2 Wit should universities prioitise in terme of undorgraduates (%) pee i vey PS RORET erereciyet ong Temeneere! lies sting EM eae ‘ease ora jot[EEE Describing stailts and quatities 1. Read the statements, Which of the following apply to you? 1 believe that good things will happen... 2 1m determined and willing to do things. 3. I'm willing to do what others ask me to do and work with others 4 to know alot about different things. 5 I'mgood at finding ways to deal with problems und different situations. 6 ido things carefully and in an on id way. 7 Tmable to deal with people in a sensitive way that does not upset them. 8 [work hard. 9 Vim usually interested in and keen to do things... 2 ‘The adjectives in the box are all qualities that employers look for in job applicants. Match them to the statements above. conscientious co-operative diplomatic enthusiastic _—_ inquisitive methodical motivated positive resourceful 3 Now match the nouins in the box with the appropriate descriptions below. @communicetor —_aninitietor —applenner a quick arolationship builder a risk-takor What type of person are you if 1 you don't mind a bit ofdanger? 2 you are good at getting activities siartad 3 you prepare things carefully? . 4 you speak or write clearly and efiectiveiy? 5 6 you don't need alot of time to make up your mind? you are good al creating and organ ng teams? Praetice 4 Look at the extracts from the CVs of three ~ Which of the words from exercises? and 3 could you use to deseribe eueh person? ~ What type of jabs do you think would be suitable for each eandidate? Give reasons for your answers. Name: Ben Name: Eve Name: Roj Skills ‘Ska luent in English end French Skills: IT skills, plays guitar Good level of spoken and written Fluent in Hindi, English ane Urdu allan Plays violin Experience: First Aid skills Sel up own business and designed Experience: ‘nebsite Exporionei Member of orchestra Plays in rock band Fundraising for charity Captain of uniorsity cricket team ‘Wen young businessperson award Voluntary work overseas Worked in restaurant Worked in retail Writes for student newspaper President of the debating society ‘School chess champion Acted in plays ‘Sings in choir Bil scorer ora jour 7]IELTS Listening Section 1 Q 1 Sally and John are two university students who are thinking about what they will do when hey graduate, Use the questions to predict the kind of information you will be listening for. 2 Now listen and answer the exam questions. Multiple choice Questions 1-6 ° MKD | isten (o the first part of the diseusston and circle the correct answer, A,B.Cor, 1 Which area ofbusiness would John 4 Who is giving the talk? lke to work ind A acarcers advisor A Sales B a professor of Business B Marketing Calfiend © Accounting Da Human Resources D Human Resources representative 2 What job does Sallyssisterhave? 5 What date does the talk take place A adoctor on! B ateacher Asth C asinger Bish D a businesswoman cimh 3. Whatis Sally worried about? Disate A finishing her course 6 What timedo Sally and John B going overseas arrange to meet? C having children A 7.30pm D looking fora jab 6.30pm © 65pm D 7.00) Labelling a diagram Questions 7-10 Listen tothe gecond part of the discussion and label the plan below. Laboratory Garden | cis 7 as Entrance Ee engineetng [a oe 7 Block Lecture: 0 Theave tires Future fone zs 1 Look at the following sentences from Listening Section 1. Match them to their meanings a~e below. 1 Tm going to look forajob teaching a a timetabled future event English .. b_ adecision about the future made at the talk will caver looking for the time of speaking workand writing applications... € a future arrangement (ata specific 3 What time does it start? time or place or with another person) 4 Eilmeet you there a future plan or intention made 5 Tmmeeting Ta iq in 10 minutes... previously € afuture fact or pre Ps] [Eh A caeer or ajo2 Undlerline the best future form to complete these extracts from the listening Check your answers in the audioseript on page 169. 1 Tilike to go into marketing but £¥ probably end up/1in probably ending up/d'n probably going to end up in Sales, 2 “there will be/'/s going to be a careors talk next week which we could go to if you fancy it. 3 Really, thald be great! fi gotug to come! coming/I'll conte and visit you! 4 So what will you do/are you doing/do you do next Wednesda; 5 Maybe ~ what will he talk/’s he going to teik/ does he talk about? Make questions from the following prompts, then ask your partner about the future 1 Where/gofatter class? , 2 What/have to eat/this evening? 3. What/do/next weekend? 4 When/your conese/finish? 5. When/lake/the IELTS test m 6 What type of job/do/think/get/future? See Grammar and vocabulary bank on page 153. IELTS Listening Section 2 ss 1 You are going to hear the talk mentioned in Listening Seetion 1, Look at the notes, and flow chart bolow, and predict possible answers. 2 Now listen and answer the exam questions. . Table completion Questions 1-5 (MMB Listen to the first part of the talk and complete Lhe notes below using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS, Looking fora job Advantages Other information ‘Newpapers and Specialist industry maga magazines National ~ Different jobs advertised on different days Loe: ~ Good for jobs in te Onlinesources | ~ Quick Handout with — ~ Completion of 2... tobe applications online provided at end. [Job centre or ~ Eifcient Located in most towns | - = service is usually and cities 4 Careers fairs ~ Information about job | Check website for future opportunities events a5 with | employers By Acereor or a job? zw1g a flow chart Questions 6-10 SHED Listen to the second part of the talk znd eamplete the flow chart below with ee NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer. 4 y ‘Contact the company for an application Read the job desoription, Complete the application form carefully, Include a9 Change needed? Ask somoono to chook it. ‘Sond off the form before 10 Comparatives and superlatives See Grammar and vocabulary bank on page 153. 1. Which jobs from the box below are shown? What skills and quallties would you need? What about the other jobs? bus driver factory worker gyminstructor journalist miner police officar Pramier Loague foottsller teacher 2 Which would you like to do most/least? Give reasons. 3 What would be your ideal job? Give reasons. Lo] EB Aeateor ora jour4 Compare different jobs by using the comparative form of the adjective in brackets, “the frst one has been done as an example. © A Premive League footballers rictz. (rich) than a teacher, 1 Agyminstructor has to be ) thar’ a journalist, 2 Abusdriver needstobe a.” “(gond) driver than a miner, 3 Aminer hasa ~idatigerotis) job than a businessperson 4A journalist has a (interesting) job than a bank manager j Ateacher needs to be (Friendly) than a shop assistant A factory worker works __. long) hours than a gym instructor, © officers Boing a pol (stressful) than a faciory worker. 5. Think of two other jobs and write three more sentences using comparative forms for hard, boring and important. © Usesuperlative farms to complete tire sentences below with your own ideas. the first one has been done as an example. © Ofall these jobs. miner has te mostdangerous (dangerous) occupation, | 1 Inmy view, (interesting) job would bi DAL Would probably be OP ae 2 gets the 7 Think of other jobs and write three more sentences using superlative forms for hard, boring and important. [speaking IELTS Speaking Part 2 1 Look at the task below. How long do you have to prepare? What should you do? i Pari2 Describe a job you would lke to do in tho future. ‘You should say: = what the job is and why you would like it = what kind of training would be useful | ~ what skile and qualities are needed i and also say whet you would like most about this job. | 2 Look at the example below, 1rd tke to be 2 plot because it would be exetting and rewarding. Fight taining vould be useful beceuse a plot needs to know how to control end ly | modem aircrat f Plots nosd to be brave, calm and be good at making quick decisions | The thing | would ke most about boing a pilot would be the power and control | would have iving a plane 3 Now do the task tising these examples as a guideline, Part 3 4 Inpaits or stnall groups, ask and answer the following Part 3 questios la ~ What is the best way to prepare for a job interview? ke Which jobs do you think are the most dangerous? a ~ How can employers keop thoir staff happy? = Do you think pop and sports stars earn too much money? ~ How important is appropriate dress at work? Is it otter to stay in one job for a long time or have many different jobs? = What differences do you think will occur in the workplace in the future? Bi aorrcer oro jonz EomIELTS Writing Task 1 ‘1 Unemployment is a problem in many parts of the world. Answer these questions. ~ Which age groups/sections of the populatian/occupations are most affected by | unemployment in your country? ~ Do you know what the unemployment rate (%) i your country? 2 Study the graph below, which shows unemployment rates in five different From 2005 to 2010, f Unem itRates i ployment Rat 20 — Gormany 15 — Greece % Unemployment = trotana vata 10 | — Spain some United Kingdom —————— wowocoremicshelp.ors 2005 2006 2007 2008 2008 2010 Source: ONS Now look at the model answer below and complete the gaps in the sentences using ‘comparative or superlative forms of the vorhs in brackets. Inraost of the countries chown i the graph unomployment rates wers (1) (high) in 2010 than 92005 However n Germany the rate wes (2) (low) at theand of the period. In Spain. unemployment rates showed (3). scrneneseon (Great) diferences thar the other countries ver the five yoare as ivincreaced from 9% to over 20% ncontast, there were(A) (eel) changes in the UK’ unemplayment figures, an increase of only 2 5% Despite most of the countries kavirg a smell drop in unornploymant rates between 2005 and 2007, the URS unemployment figures were (5)... (Gad), with the total rising trom just urder 5%8in2005 tojust. over 5% 1 2007 The sturtion in ieland was (6) (G00d) with figures remaining stable To.sum up Spain hae (7) (high) unemployment:rates of al the countries shown in 2010, whereas Germany had ( (bon) figures. The (3). (big) changeover tne pericd na in Spain. Although the increases are not enormous, they undoubtedly have significant effects.on the economy, 3 Modifiers such as much and slightly/a Hutte can be added to comparative forms. Which shows a big difference? Which shows a small difference? Which could you add to 1 and 2 in the text above? 4 Look at the sentence below and answer the questions, In most of the counties shown inthe graph unomploymont rates were higher in 2010 than in 2005. However in Germany the rate was lower at he end of the period, 1 Is the word however used at the start o in the middle ofa senten 2 Does it introciuce information that is similar or different to the previous sentence? 3. What do you notice about the punetuati BEd crayon jinHoweveris. linking word used to show a contrast (dillerence), Locate and! underline four other words or phrases in the model answer to show contrasts. 6 Complete the rules 1 is followed by a clause (subject + vert) 2 is followed by (subject +) zg verb form (or a noun) 3 shows a difference between two things and come mide ofa Senienee after a cormma. ‘comes at the start of a sentence and is followed by a nthe 4 7 Use the contrast markers in brackets to link the sentences, 1 Prices rose in the first quarter. They fell slightly in the second quarter. (however) 2 Sales of laptops have increased dramatically. Sales of desktop computers have dropped. (whereas). 3 ‘The service inclustry is expanding, Heavy industry is in decti 4 Nurses’ salaries have gone up slightly in recent y national average income. (although). Student fecs have increased in recent years. The number of undergraduates is rising steadily. (espite) 8 In your country, do men generally work fulltime or p 1e? What about women? Who do you think earns more, men or women Look at the exam question and charts below. How does the situation in the UK compare to your country? The charts bolow give information about workforce composition in the UK, andl about average nourly earnings. ‘Summarize the information by selecting and recorting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant. Total workforce composition ~ 24.9 million {in contrast). They are sill below the Median hourly earnings, excluding overtime! Sper hour 1“ Women T partie ' 21% Men is fulltime 49% le La 6 Wemen Fal uit, ita 28% Mon 0 panctine Fulline |" Folttime | Parttime Partaine 6% ‘men wom =n women Source: Lateur Force Suey, Otioa for National Statics | Employees on adult rate, pay unafected by absence Source: Arua! Susy of Hou's and Eanes, Oifics for Nabors! Stovtics 9 Now write your answer, When you have finished the task, compare it with the model ansiver on page 161. BDA cores oraaue1 A suffivis a letter or a group of letters added to the end of a word. Recogn ‘suffixes can help you to guess the meaning of words you don't know. Look at these words from the reading text on page 55. What part of speech is each, word? Complete the table. Use a dictionary to check your answers. i 1 organization 5 practical 2 employability 6 placement 3 economic 7 relationship 4 prioritize 8 satislied Nouns Adjectives “organization 2 Can you think of any other words with the same suffixes? Add them to the table, 3 What other words co you know in the same ‘family’ as the words you have found? Are there any suffixes which tell you what part of speech they are? eg organize (verb), organized (adjective), organization (noun) 4 Suffixes can also carry general meanings. You can make new words within a word family by adding an appropriate suffix. Match two words in the box with each of the suffixes and their general meanings. drive employ home — industrial ~—instruct «job. short skill special © success ist wide. -tess: without (adjective) -ful: full of oF characterized by (adjective) a “er: a person doing a particular job or activity (notn) -or:a person doing a particular Job or activity (noun) ize: to make, cause or become (verb) en: to make, cause or become (verb) eusene 5 Now choose an appropriate word from exercise 4 to complete the sentences below, 1 Mybrother is @.0.........doctor who neat children’s health, 2 ‘the number of has increased in recent months due to many factories clos; 3 Unfortunately the... ag had to __.. their stay by two days. 4 ‘The range of job opportunities for women has. considerably over the last fifty years, 5 Learner, should take lessons from a qualified , Resrroa oitWord families 1 Look at this word family tree, Note how we change the part of speech by adding a suffix to the root word (the verb employ). Wi so change the meaning of the word by adding a prefix, eg we can make the opposite of employed by aciding the hegative prefix wn a ja tee anneal] aaaeron] [ax | [ato cea ence a Tmawplorten fi] [snensaye aah] [werneyate ei |[ yeni leci]] Now complete the word family tree for manage: wares ab) SS ee a (ooun|[2 na, oun] [a ede | [6 abe (| — i z= ‘manageria fed [emis meme (noun)] [Saris Gea) ||7un tea] 2. How do the prefixes mis-and wn- change the meaning? 3 Choose the correct alternative. 1 Graduates with work experience are more employable/unemployed than those without. 2 ‘the hotel has been taken over and is now under new managers/management 3 His employers/ernployees were vory understanding and allowed him to work flexible hours. 4 The business hes been closed clown due to financial mivimanagesent/anmanogeable 5 ‘Ihe number of unemployment/unemployed has fallen steadily in recent months. Confusing words: job, work, ca: 4 Usea dictionary to answer the following questions about job, work and career, 1 Which are nouns? 2 Which can also be a verb? 3 Which is/are countable? 4 Which is/are uncountable? we 5 Complete the collocations with job, wark or caveer.'there may be more than one possible answer. Check your answers in the Macrnillan Collocations Dietionary. 1 adistinguished Tesi non, SeCUTILY & 2 excellent. 8 ashilied ee 3 asuccossiul 9 apolitical 4 aparttime : 10 to on elosely together 5 hard... 1 aweli-paid 6 to cilectively 12 salisfaction © Choose the correct alternative in each sentence (some sentences 1 than one answer) Pay particular note of any coliocations. 1 What's your work{job/eareer? 2 It’s not easy for young people to find work/a job career these days. 3. He had along and distinguished work/job/carcerin the army. 4 He has a part-time work/job/career in teles 5 Tillike to find a temporary work/job/ career for the summer. 6 ‘Thank you for all your hard work/job/career. yy have See Grammar and vocabulary bank on page 154 for more on work vocabulary.(TPCT CTT “The idea that the world is developing a sit economy a result of improved communications and the influence of very ki companies. ind culture a Maconillan Esyential Dictionary Work in pairs. Below are eight possible effeets of globalization, Use a dietionary to check any unknown vocabulary. Which are positive and which are negative Which could be both? growth in global trade and the world economy inequalities between rich and poor nations greater understanding between cultures damage to the natural environmental easier and cheaper travel and communication more access to information loss of national identity and culture poverty and debt in the developing world Locating information 2 Read the passage. Put the paragraphs in the text under the following healings. ‘There is one positive statement and one negative statement for each heading Global Communications Global Travel and ‘Tourism @ QQ [Sveti tte Lee e Four bition people, which is about 60x of the world’s population, have no access to modern telecommuncations. More than a billon people have neither a fixed line nor a mebile phono, The big tour operetors, who own aiiines, retail cnains, cruise ships, hotels, self caterins accommadation end Car rentals, take mast of the profits of holidays In developing countries ~ for every US dollar spent ina Third Word resort, es litle a5 5 cents stay in the country, “The value of work! exports is over 19 tillon dollars a hich is 36 milion a minute! This is more than the value of exported goods 30 years ago, I's estimated that workers in Honduras who peotoe clothes for multinationel companies get about 0.5% of tne retal cost of the profuct they make, 4 phone call from UK to New York in 1990 cost about £1 a minute. In 1930, it would have cost more then £40, Today it costs as litle 2s 2.5 pence. __ @ tener Protected Hose: Global Media Global Busines m- @: F Intemet, tlevision, films, ado, newspapers, magazines are widely available. Through them we can ‘eam bout people, events and places In Aires, Asi, Latin America, Eastern Europe, Australia, Canade, Japan and North America, A garment worker in Bangledesh, which is one of the worlds poorest coy Would have to save eight buy a computer. In some suDSahaxen cuntries, fewer than 194 of the population £6 to the internet, whereas in more developed reigons ike North Americe, this figure is well ewer 75%, more than 100 times as mary. Travel is cheaper, faster and more ‘oday than ever before and each year there are approximately 1,000 millon international tourists. People make friends in foreign counties, discover many interesting things about other poople's ifesisles, cullures end customs as they visit dffere slaces. The local people, who ould otnemse have fow oviployment opportunities, benefit from jl heir kills and sale of their craft on @~ Him»$ Which of the effects from exercise 1 are roferred ta? Which da you think are sreater: the positive or the negative eflects of globalization? 4 How has your country been affected by globalization? Non-defining relative clauses See Grammar aint vocabulary bank on page 154, 2 Look at these sentences with non-defin 1 Hoth ofthese sentences use relative clauses. Answer the questions, 18 [eS estimated that workers in Honduras who produce clothes for maltinational companios get about 0.5% of the retail cast ofthe product hey make, Zour billon people, which fs about 60% of the work's population, nave no access 10 modern telecommunications. 1 Which sentence has a relative clause that identifies whieh person or thin, being talked about? 2 Which sentence has a relative clause that adds extra information, ora second idea to the main idea? ng relative clauses and identify the main idea and the exira information given, © Four billion people, which is about 60% of he world's population, have no acess to modern telecommunications, Main ideas Four billon pecple have access to moder telecommnications, Extra information: Feurbillon poopleis about GO% ofthe worlds population 1 ‘he operators, who own airlines, retail chains, cruise ships, hotels, sell: }ccommodation and car rentals, ake most ofthe pro developing countries. Main ides Extra informatio: 2 The value of world exports is over 19 trillion dollars a yeas, which is 36 mill 3 Agarment worker in Bangladesh, which is one of the world’s poorest count would have to save eight years’ wages to buy a computer Main idea: 1 information: Ex 4 fhe local people, who would otherwise have few employment opportunities, benefit from jobs using their skills and sale of their crafts Main idea: Extra information:3 Underline the correct alternative in these rules for non-defining relative clauses the relative clause provides extra information and can/eannot be left out. 2 Who or which canfeannot be replaced by shat. 3 The relative pronoun can/cannot be left out 4 Commas are/are not used. a ink the ideas in the two sentences, using commas to form one sentence. © Main idea: In 20 10South Korea had moreinternet usersthan Sub-Saharan Afviea, Extra information: South Korea isa relatively small country. 11 2010 South Korea, which isa relatively small country, had more internet users than Sub-Saharan Africa 1 Main idea: Greater cultural contact has been encouraged by tourism. Extra information: Tourism has more than doubled aver the last 20 years. 2 Main idea: The banana is worth Extra informations | nore than $10 billion in world trade, he banana is Britain's most popular fruit, 8 Main idea: Shima earns £28 for a month’s work. Extra information: Shima lives in Bangladesh. IELTS Listening Secti 1 Which o'these organ deseriptions below. 4 tions do you know about? Match them to the 1 the United 4 the international organization that controls trade Nations between countries 2 Trade unions b 1s on environmental issues such as the 3 Internationa ereenhouse effect Monetary Fund an international organization that works to balance and 4 World Trade manage the world’s economy and to help countries with Organization weak ee romies to develop 5 Friends ofthe dan international organization thal encourages countries Barth to work together in order to solve world problems such 6 International Aid and poverty Onginizations ——e char ise money for famine and disaster relief GuchasOstam) fF organizations of workers that aim to improve pay and conditions of work 2 Predict which of these ong lization or anti-globs nizationsare pro-glob; 3 You are going to listen to a lecture in two section ininute reading the questions and underlin Multiple choice Questions 1-2 © HED Which of the following areas does the lecture Choose TWO letters AF. A global inequalities B poverty in the developing world € the history of globalization D the key arguments for a E. trade and economies F the World Trade Orga nd hala Before each section sp key words, say she will cov: agaitist globalizationQuestions 3-5, Girele the correct letter, A, B or C. 3. Which example of an exchange of culture and technolo, A fast food in America B Japanss car industry in Britain € call centres in India is given? 4 Globalization was put back by which of the following events? ‘A the Second World War 1 the Great Depression © capital espansion in 1930 3 What type of business started to increase after the Second World War? A telecommunications businesses B marketing companies € multinational companies Questions 6-7 (HED Listen to the second section. Which TWO arguments against globalization are mentioned? Choose two letters AP. A Globalization damages the environment. B Natural resources will only be used by developed counties, € Some organizations will help poorer nations too much. D Cheaper imports will atfect competition in richer countries, E Salaries will increase in the developing world, Table completion Questions 8-10 Complete this table using ONE OR TWO WORDS OR A NUMBER. | oil i ‘Number of | Organization Established member states | Role | 3 Prevents members favouring wre home industries iste 1916 Boca | [Re a - 5 | Promotes shared values between (s Ise 198 UN and the (10), 4 Look at these signposts’ used by the speaker and divide them i ‘Some signposts fit into more than one category. 10 these categories. 2 Now lot us look, 3 Lastly, 4 In the first part of today’s lecture 5 Having looked at 6 I will start by considering. % 8 9 0 1 ntroduction ‘ Sequencing $0, we've seen that i now like to move on to Secondly, will explain .. So, lot's begin with « Finally, intend to. 5 Listen to the lecture again and check to see if you were right. Number the signposts in the order in which you hear them. 69.(ER) * 20 recep ths Mankwe might you so it? What do you derstand by rade? Have you ever hought any Fairtrade produets? are going to read an article about coffee growers in Colombia. Before you read write the numbers in the box next to the sentence you think it refers to. Then cheek your predictions by quickly reading the text. Panu 5 80 150-87 billion 20 million 100 million “The value of worldwide coffee exports in dollars. “the total number of people who carn their living from coffee. “The amount of money in pence received by the farmer for cach coffee sold in the West. ing from cote the number of furmers that earn their | ‘the number of times that coffee beans can be sold between [Jeaving the farmer and arriving in the supermarket 3. Read the text produced by the Fairtrade Foundation about one family of eoffee growers in Colombia True, False, Not given Questions 1-7 Do the statements ageve with the information in the reading passage? Write | TRUE (1) ifthe statement is true according to the passage. FALSE (F) ifthe statement is false according to the passage. NOT GIVEN (NG nis nol given in the pa 1 The Menzas have tried growing coca leaFinstead of coflee. 2 In trade, only oil is more important than coffee... 3. The Menzas receive 50% of the supermarket price for their coffee. 1 An increase in transportation costs has had a serious effect on the price of coll 5 Inthe late 1990s both world and supermarket prices dropped. 6 Seiting up a co-operative is always an effective solution for these larmers. 7. ‘The farmers have less and less money to spend on their families. sage A Vitelio Menza has been dependent on the coffee he grows in Colombia all his life. At 48, he Sul struggles {0 provide for his family. Like millions of other smalihoiders, his fortunes and those of his wife, Maria Enith, and their four children have fluctuated dramatically along with the price he receives for his crop. B Over the years the family has suffered iliness brought on by malnutrition. In othar parts of the same area, some have turned to growing crugs in order to survive: higher prices are paid ‘or coca leat (the raw material for cocaine). The Menzas havo stayed loyal to the coffee crop but not without great personel sacrifices. © Coffee is grown in more than 50 countries in @ band around the equator and provides a living for more than 20 milion farmers. Altogether, up to 1.00 million people worldwide are Involved in the growing. processing, trading and retailing of the product. = BB stosatcavonD Cofiee is the second most valuable commodity after crude cil. It is the most valuable agricultural commodity in world trade ~ in 2000, exports worldwide totalled $8.7bn, But the journey from the Menzas' farm in Colombia to the sugermarket shell is a long and tortuous, ‘one with @ suecession of people taking their cut along the way, E From trae to supermarket shelf it has been estimated the Menzas’ coffee beans can change honds as many as 150 times. Paper transactions on international commodities markete ‘account for much of this. The final price of a cup of coffee in the West will have absorbed. the costs of insurance, taxes, transportation, processing, packaging, marketing, storage and muuch more. OF the £4.75 cherged for a cappuccino in @ London coffee shop, the grower will De lucky to receive the equivalent of 5p. F Between 1994 and the end of 2001 the price of robusta beans (used chietly in instant coffee) plummeted from eround 180 cents to just 17 cents per pound, a 30year low. The Yalue of high-quallly arabica beans has suffered similarly. While itis estimated that the world coffee trade gonorates $60bn in revenues, double the amount in the 1980s, producing ‘countries retain just over 10 per cent of this, compared with 30 per cent in the 1980s. 6 For the big roasters, his can be only good news: itis estimated that 2 company processing ‘one million GOkg bags of coffee wes $80m better off in 2001 then the previous year ‘because of the lower prices. For small farmers, however, the drop in prices is disastrous, H When world prices fall, growers suffer an immediate reduction in income; yet there is no noticeable reduction in supermarket prices of coffee. In contrast, when the merkel price of Coffee gains, as it did by 50 per cent in 1994, for cxample, retail pricos rise promptly. | For many farmers, the collapse in prices means that they have failed to recover their Broduction costs for several years running, This has had a devastating impact on on already DBrecarious existence. Some have abandoned their land and gone in search of work in citioa, Others have neglected or uprooted thelr coffee bushes. Frequently, an equally Uncertain and Poverty-stricken Iife awaits in urban shenty towns, but without the Support of community and land. For those who opt to stay at harne, the lack of labour for crop maintenance reduces the uolily and value of the cofiee, further depressing returns. The: vicious cicle is complete, 4 But for small farmers the price of beans on the markets in New York and London is only one (of the factors undermining their ability to make @ reasonable living. Without the means to ‘roses oF transport their erop to market, limited knowledge of the frequently changing world price and @ debt driven necessity to sell thelr coffee the moment itis ripe {when prices are ‘owest), small independent farmers find themscives in a weak negotiating position. They are prey to local dealers who buy the coffee and sell it onto international markets. With only one ‘mejor harvest a year, farmers are desperate for cash by the time their crop is ripe and aro een to soll at whatever price they can get. Not surprisingly, local dealers exploit this The tarmors’ need for a quick sale is a symplorn of thelr inability to get loans at a fair rate from banks, pushing them into the arms of loan sharks to pay for ferilizers, harvest lobour ‘and basie living costs prior to harvest. Many growers have joined with their neighbours to Set up co-operative marketing ventures, which enable them to by-pess the middlemen, All {09 offen, however, even the co-op cannot get finance to buy the etop, and members still sell te local traders (commonly called coyotes in Latin America) for cash, rater than wait for a better price. Evidence of low and deciining living standards is clear. Producers have reported {o the Fairtrade Foundation reduced spending on housing, children’s education (especialy where structural adjustment has led to higher schoo! fees), health and food, [Dy cbotatistion on] ieee eenae Money, buying and s Sentence completion Questions 8-13 Choose ONE OR TWO WORDS from the reading passage for each answer 8 The Menzas have made nome tO Continue growing coffee, 9 Any fallin the world price of coffees nol inthe supermarket price, 10 A shortage of workers for, resus in a fallin quality and value. AL Due to lack of money, transportation and knowledge, farmers do not have a strong 12 Asthi only one coffee erop each year, farmers have very little by the time itis weady to harvest. 13 itis impossibie for farmers to borrow money at a Identifying the writer’s purpose Question 14 What is the purpose of the passage on Fairtrade? Chaose A,B,C or D. A to advise readers against buying non-Fairtrade cofiee B toexplain how coffee farmers ure exploited by international markets € to ailvise coffee farmers like the Menzas how to make a good living D to encourage readers to protest about the current situation Guessing meaning from context 4 Reail the text aga and try to fincl words which mean the same as changed frequently (para. A) selling to the publie (paca C) not safe or secure (paral), process in which one problem causes anther problem, which makes the Ltst problem worse (para!) 5 weakening, making less likely to succeed (para) __ © gelling worse (para) ing there are many words in the text connected with money and buying and selling. Mateh the words and definitions, When you have finished, check your answers in a ictionary. 1 revenue a how much something costs to buy in a shop 2 commodity b income from business activities or taxcs 3 retail price © how much something costs to buy in large quantitios 4 market price money that someone gets fom working f 5 income: something that can be bought and soldl 6 middleman someone who lencls money to people at a very high rate 7 loan shark of intorest 8 & person or company that buys from producers and solls to customers at a profit, 10 finanee 1h profit on money invested 4 money used to pay for something such as a large project J someone who buys and sells things Divide these phrases from the text into two categories: expressions which describe prices going up (U) and which describe prices going down (D). 1 the price of robusta beans phimmeted 2 thedrop in prices 3 world prices fall reduction in supermarket pe ‘market priee of eoffee gain retail prices rise. Sce Grammar and vocalrlary bank on page 185 for verb + noun collocations connected with buying and selling ces of cafice oudfi The passive LS See Grammar and vocabulary bank on page 154, 1 Tilk to another student. How much coffee clo you drink every day? What do you know about coflee, its history and production? 2 Read these facts about coffee and under al the passive verbs © Cotfoe was fst brought to Europe by tradors from the Mile East in the Cit you know a?) 45th contuy and started fo be atvtad nine Amores ihe 14% antury. Today cote is drunk al over the world © Atvaricus times in histo coffee has been given as a medicine to cure a variety of allments. Nowadeys its beloved that coffee has both postive and nogative affects on heath. © Coffee is grown between the Tonic of Cancer and the Topic of Capricom © One quarter to one third ofthe wort’ coffe is producod by Braz © Coffee beans must be roasted, then ground inte a ponder, bofore boing ‘mixed with Hot water to extract the flavour ready for dinking nd an cxample from the text ofeach passive form and complete the table, Preser simple is (are) grown | Past simple | | Modal verbs a “Infinitive form - Gerund (-ing)form | 4 Read the text again. Which sentences include an ‘agent’ (which tells us who performs the action)? © Find an example in the text for each of the reason The passive is used 1 when the action/event/process is more important than the agent montionod. 2 when itis obvious who the agent is ~ it docs not need to be stated because exeryone knows who itis. 3. when the agent is unknown, unimportant or refers to people in general 1-8) we use the passive below, © Change the facts about tea from the ifappropriate. 1 People think that tea originated in China thousands of years ago. Lo the passive. Remove the agent 2. opie tink orca than ay ctor beverage excop water si tartee tae en pena sous grows lave elas rocked and sitb-tropical climates, although tain and northern states of the US. 4 Porluguese traders first imported tea to Europe in the 16th century. 5 People began to use ieabags widely in the midalle of the 20th century, produces almost a quarter of the world’s tee, 6 Nowadays Gh TDi siete an ee... nkthe connecting words/phrases in these sentences. then add them to the text in exercise 3 in the appropriate places to explain the different stages in the process. 1 as this produces more milk overall than once a day 2 because il stays fresher longer at around 4 degrees C 3 and therefore ensure that itis safe for consumption 4 so that they ean be sold Practice 8 Work in pairs. The diagram below shows how sugar is produced from sugar beets. Add the missing verbs to the diagram then describe the process to your partner. Use passive forms when necessary. edd cutup_— evaporate extract femove shake spin. unload. OW rE & == pi ‘ & ~ fe iets to make cei using hot water Sanu ®@ Pe -| rasan HOEUTE. pure clean ince igi Sige a milk of «lean juice eto “Sx Beatle to milk of ime sugar ice to «ystalize sugar water 2 Summatize the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make ‘comparisons where relevant. When you have finished, compare your answer with the model ansiver on page 162. Strategy | = Decide if the process has a boginning and end point or whether itis @ eyele = White a clear introductory statement about the process. = Bescribe the procass n'a logical order using the pletures, vocabulary andi sequencing words ~ Give explanations where necessary. = Use verbs in the correct tense and decide = Organize your anserer into paragraphs. = Cheek your answer carefully. the active or passive voice Is appropiats [Bl ctoaticaionIELTS Speaking Part 2 1 SEHD Listen to this example of a Part 2 answer. Complete the missing details by identifying the topic question and the key points the speaker had to inelude. Part 2 Talk about a successful (1) you know. You should say: what kind of (2). why you think () how (4) and also say whether your country has (5) 2 Comment on the candidate's performance. 3 Make brief notes, then bout the points on this card to your partner for 1-2 minutes, IELTS Speaking Part 3 4 InPart3 ofthe IELTS Speaking module the examiner will ask you some questions related to the topic you were talking zhout in Pari 2 Real the sample questions belov "Nowadays there is more contact betwaen counirias on a global fave! so the world is often described as a ‘global vilage' 1. How can richer countries help poorer countries? 2. Do you think itis batter to buy well-known international products or locally produced goods? 3. What are the main roles of international orgavizations such as the Urited Nations? 4 How has global communication changed in the last 50 years? 5. Are cheap holidays and increased global tour'sm necessarily a good thing? Balancing the argument 5 ©RBListen to a possible answer fo one of the Part 3 questions above and decide which question is being answered © Listen again and ansiver these questions, 1 What two reasons in favour of this point does the student 2 What two reasons against this point does the siudent gi 7 Look at the audioseript on page 171 and answer these questions. 1 What phrase does the speaker nse to indicate that there both sides? 2. What phrase does she use to give her opinion? 3 What other phrases do you know Lo give opinions? wre arguments on In Part 3 you do not have any preparation time and need to respond ly. Here are some phrases that may help you. o questions Useful language Ifyou think you understand the question, but you're not sure rm not exzetly sure what you mean, but Thats a rather cfiewlt question, but pethans If you need a second to think about it Tats a good/an interesting question. Lotme see [Dl cictatinavenTB ietetsaon Academic writing style 1 Read these two short texts about English as a global language and answer these questions. 1 Is the content of the two texts the same or different? 2 Which text is inore academic in style? [A One of the consequences of globalization is the spread of English as a world language. Although it is not the most widely spoken first language, English is the ‘most used second languege and it Is thought that It is spoken by approximately one billion people worldwide. itis extensively used in many fields, including business and ‘education and Is also a requirement for a number of professions including medicine. B More and more people all over the world speak English now. Why is that? | think ‘one of the reasons 's that international travel and communication have go: lot ‘quicker and easier. English isn’t the biggest first language in the world but it's the most popular second language and | think there are about a billion peoole ‘who speak it all over the world ~ don’t you think that’s Incredible? People use it all the time for loads of different things lixe business and education ete and it's Important for some peoples’ jods too, eg doctors. Complete these features of acaclemic English by choosing the correct alternative, 1 Ie uses more formal/informal language than everyday English, 2 Iuses/doos't use subjective language (I think, that’s incredible). 3 Muses the active/passive more than everyday English. 4 It generally uses more/fewer words than everyday English. 5 I docs/daesn'tuse contractions (don, it). 6 1 does/docsn't address the reader or ask questions. 9 Look at the next paragraph of the text in exercise 1. Replace the underlined words and phrases with the words in brackets to make them more academic 1. People all over the placo h worldivide) 2 Itcrops up all the time in books, maga the radio and in songs. (appears, the maedia, constautly) 3 Soeven people who say they don't speak English are probably familiar with couple of words. (vocabulary, do nos, cluim, those, sonte, may recognize, therefore) 4 In.asimilar way, people recognize names like McDonald's and Starbucks all over the world hecauise of the spread of big multinational companies. (globally large, similarly, such as, cue to) sar or speak English every day. (on a daily basis, iewspapers, in films, on TVand 4 Sentences | and 4. would be better in the passive, Why? Rewrite then, English Similarly, names such as MeDonale’s and Starbucks