MATHEMATICS

PRE-RMO
WORKSHEET-10 (PRACTICE QUESTIONS)

NUMBER SYSTEM 6. If possible, solve the following system of

1. (a) Which integers leave a reminder of 1 congruences using either of the two methods

when divided by both 2 and 3? of this section.

(b) Which integers leave a reminder of 1 20x ≡ 9 (mod 30)

when divided by 2, 3, and 5? 9x ≡ 12 (mod 33)

(c) Which integers leave a reminder of 1 36x ≡ 48 (mod 60)

when divided by 2, 3, 5, and 7?

7. If possible, solve the following system of

2. (a) Find all integers that leave a reminder of 1 congruences using either of the two methods

when divided by either 2 or 5, but which of this section.

are divisible by 3. 20x ≡ 10 (mod 30)

(b) Find all integers that leave a reminder of 2 9x ≡ 12 (mod 33)

when divided by either 3 or 7, but which 36x ≡ 48 (mod 60)

are divisible by 8.
8. A troop of 17 monkeys store their bananas in

3. If possible, solve the following system of 11 piles of equal size, each containing more

congruences using either of the two methods than one banana, with a twelfth pile of 6 left

of this section. over. When they divide the bananas into 17

x ≡ 4 (mod 11) equal piles, none are left over. What is the

x ≡ 3 (mod 17) smallest number of bananas they can

x ≡ 6 (mod 18) have?

4. If possible, solve the following system of 9. Even though not discussed in this section, you

congruences using either of the two methods should now be able to solve the system of

of this section. congruences

2x ≡ 11 (mod 23) 2x + 5y ≡ 4 (mod 11)

9x ≡ 12 (mod 31) x + 3y ≡ 7 (mod 11)

by using a little bit of high school algebra.

5. If possible, solve the following system of Start by eliminating one of the variables, and

congruences using either of the two methods then use substitution. Find all integer solutions

of this section. to the system. Is there any sense in which the

2x ≡ 11 (mod 23) solution can be said to be unique?

9x ≡ 12 (mod 33)

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10. If you know about matrices and determinants, command an undermanned ship!) Again, there

 2 5 was an extra coin; quickly the captain grabbed

look at the coefficient matrix   of the
 1 3 the coin and hurled it into the sea.

system. Is the fact that it has determinant 1 How many coins were in the chest?

relevant?
14. The army of goblins moved into the valley,

11. Can the linear system of congruences filling it with the clinking of armor, the

2x + 3y ≡ 4 (mod 6) glimmer of mail and steel, the rippling of

x + 3y ≡ 3 (mod 6) banners. From the noise and smells, one

be solved? Justify your answer. What's wondered if every one of the fifty-thousand

different about this system compared with the goblins in Middle Earth had gone to war!

system in Problem 9? That night the men and hobbits met and
planned the next day's battle. One of the men

12. Solve the simultaneous congruences: stood up. “I slipped into their camp yesterday

x ≡ 7 mod 108 and observed them as they passed out their

x ≡ 5 mod 605 rations. They eat nothing but biscuits. The

cook makes enough each day for each goblin

13. The pirates screamed and shouted as they to have twelve. He cooks them in batches of

dragged the large chest of gold aboard the 100, but makes 4 extra in the last

ship. In minutes they had forced it open and batch."

gold coins poured onto the deck. The captain An elf rose after him, and in the smoky room

waved them back from the pile of gold and he described his discovery. At the beginning

slowly began dividing the coins into equal of the week they give each goblin seven asks,

piles, one for each of the 17 pirates. At the end a ask of wine for each day of the week.

of this division, there was one lone coin. One These are brought over the mountains

pirate reached for it and just as he got it into horseback from the wineries of Gogoroth, a

his first, the ruffian next to him killed him gross at a time. There are always five extra

with his dagger. The captain sighed, dropped asks, which the lead goblin drinks that

the extra coin in the dead man's pile and began first night.

to divide these coins among the remaining 16 Slowly Gandalf stood. “We know the lead

crew members. Soon there were 16 equal piles goblin and that he has divided the remainder

of gold on the deck and 15 coins remaining. of the army into thirteen equal regiments."

Who would not get a coin? The pirates “So we know the number of goblins in the

glanced at each other and suddenly one struck valley," said Elrond.

down his neighbor. Again they divided the Everyone turned to stare at him.

coins; this time they had one too many; again, How many goblins are there?

in the scramble for that coin, a man was killed.

Once more they divided coins (and the
captain began to wonder how he would

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