Hsdmahturh?
DAV@[UDMHKDÛA FBWLHUDVH AWK 784>=

Uìtujb e`j trhghob?

DLSJ@L@AUHKDÛA E@ WPUH[ E@ HU@AKDÛA SHWH JH LDUDMHKDÛA E@J
VDWP[ [HW[-KbV-7 (KBVDE-84) @A ABWU@ E@ [HAUHAE@W SBW L@EDLH[ @S[.

Sr`s`ath?
Wdkhreb Odläa`z S`øhjbzh DE =3>>64
Lhrìh e` jh Urdadehe Vhrmhs Hredjh DE =8808=

Ebk`at`
B[KHW HWAPJFB L@WH WHLDW@_
bl`rhrhldr`Cuadldautb.`eu.kb
bl`rhrhldr`Cuadldautb.`eu.kb  

Kbrpbrhkdûa Padv`rsdthrdh Ldautb e` Edbs

Heldadstrhkdûa e` @lpr`shs Kuhrtb [`l`str`
Kÿkuth
7373
 

Dlpj`l`athkdûa e` Wuths e` Ht`akdûa phrh Jh Ldtdmhkdûa e`j Vdrus [hrs-Kbv-7 (Kbvde-84)

@a Abrt` e` [hathae`r pbr L`edlès @ps.

Srbgj`lètdkh @j`mdeh
L@EDLÈ[ @S[ s` khrhkt`rdzh pbr s`r khphz e` r`spbae`r e` lha`rh deûa`h y bpbrtuah

h sdtuhkdba`s qu` vuja`rha jh shjue y gd`a`sthr e` su pbgjhkdûa hfdjdheh, t`ad`aeb `a ku`ath jh

sdtuhkdûa pr`s`atheh h adv`j luaedhj pbr `j grbt` e`j vdrus KBVDE-84, L@EDLÈ[ @S[ s` nh

hen`rdeb h jbs prbtbkbjbs y abrlhtdvhs kulpjd`aeb kba jhs edspbsdkdba`s y abrlhtdvdehe`s e`j

Ldadst`rdb e` [hjue L`edlès @S[ `a kbaouat

kbaouatbb kba jhs edf`r`at`s Dastdtukdba`s Sr`sthebrhs e`

[`rvdkdbs e` [hjue (DS[) jhs kuhj`s nha pr`s`atheb jhs edf`r`at`s ruths e` ht`akdûa phrh hqu`jjh

 pbgjhkdûa qu` nh sdeb de`atdfdkheh kblb pbrthebrh e`

e ` KBVDE 84 b s` `aku`atrh `a `j lhrm`a e`

 pbgjhkdûa vuja`rhgj` kba phtbjbmìhs krûadkhs e` ghs`

g hs` y heujtb lhybr.

Shrh thj fda e`g`a pr`v`rs` l`edehs qu` jdldt`a jhs pbsdgdjdehe`s e` kbathmdb, `a tbebs

jbs `sphkdbs sbkdhj`s, hsì kblb e`shrrbjjhr `strht`mdhs `fdkhk`s e` kbluadkhkdûa h jh pbgjhkdûa `a

tbrab h jhs l`edehs e` prbt`kkdûa qu` s` e`g`a hebpthr y h jh dafbrlhkdûa kba r`sp`ktb hj hvhak`

e`j vdrus.

jh pbgjhkdûa hfdjdheh `a L@EDLÈ[ @S[ `a Abrt` e` [hathae`r hjkhazh ua tbthj e`

745.333 hfdjdhebs h p`rdbeb e` Bktugr`, edstrdgudebs `a 7= luadkdpdbs jbs kuhj`s `stèa kugd`rtbs
 pbr `j pjha e` g`a`fdkdbs e` shjue dlpj`l`athebs `a jbs edf`r`at`s pu`stbs e` shjue, DS[ y

kjìadkhs jhs kuhj`s ku`atha kba `qudpbs lujtdedskdpjdahrdbs `a shjue qu` s` nha hen`rdeb

`xdtbshl`at` hj lbe`jb `strhtämdkb e` kudeheb y gdbs`murdehe `xdmdeb pbr `j Ldadst`rdb e` [hjue

 phrh kbatrhrr`sthr jh hvhazheh e` jh prbphmhkdûa e`j vdrus [HW[-KbV-7 (KBVDE-84). @a jh

hktuhjdehe s`mÿa `j r`pbrt` m`a`rheb pbr LDA[HJPE daedkh qu` h kbrt` e`j 7; e` bktugr` e`

7373 `j e`phrthl`atb e` Abrt` e` [hathae`r r`pbrth kba uah hf`kthkdûa e` 84.43>, `j Luadkdpdb
 

e` Kÿkuth kba 87>>= p`rsbahs daf`kthehs kba KBVDE-84 y `a `j phabrhlh ahkdbahj Kbjblgdh

sup`rû jh ghrr`rh e`j ldjjûa e` daf`kthebs.

Fdmurh 8
W`sul`a e` jbs khsbs e` Kbvde 84 h adv`j luaedhj .

Y KDUHUDBA Das73 Zj 4776 \

@at`aed`aeb jb hat`rdbr s` `vde`akdh qu` jhs ruths e` ht`akdûa y `j p`rsbahj läedkb sba

dasufdkd`at`s phrh kugrdr jh hjth e`lhaeh e` phkd`at`s kba sdatblhtbjbmìh KBVDE-84 qu`

r`qud`r`a tblh e` lu`strhs `a `j ebldkdjdb y `atr`mh e` l`edkhl`atbs s`mÿa s`h `j krdt`rdb

läedkb phrh jh pbgjhkdûa e` rd`smb, huaheb h `jjb jh `atr`mh e` r`sujthebs pbr phrt` e` jbs

jhgbrhtbrdbs hvhjhebs pr`s`ath uah e`lbrh dlpbrthat` qu` s` trheuk` `a SXW[ phrh jbs

edf`r`at`s k`atrbs hsdst`akdhj`s.

 

²Kûlb dlpj`l`athr jhs ruths e` ht`akdûa `a Abrt` e` [hathae`r phrh jh pbgjhkdûa

daf`ktheh kba KBVDE-842.
Kbafbrl` h jh pr`muath e` dav`stdmhkdûa `sthr`lbs hahjdzhaeb e` fbaeb jh prbgj`lètdkh

 pr`s`atheh h rhìz e` jhs hjths e`lhaehs e` sbjdkdtue`s e` s`rvdkdbs läedkbs pbr ht`akdûa

ebldkdjdhrdh e` prdl`r adv`j, `atr`mh e` l`edkhl`atbs, tblh e` lu`strhs y `atr`mh e` r`sujthebs

qu` s` nh m`a`rheb `a `j lhrkb e` jh phae`ldh y kblb hsul` L@EDLH[ @S[ `sth sdtuhkdûa

hkbre` h jb `sthgj`kdeb pbr `j LDAD[U@WDB E@ [HJPE.

Bgo`tdvbs e` jh Dav`stdmhkdûa

Bgo`tdvb m`a`rhj?

Dlpj`l`athr jhs ruths e` ht`akdûa phrh Abrt` e` [hathae`r `a jb qu` r`sp`kth h jh ht`akdûa e`

s`rvdkdbs e` shjue `a `j lhrkb e` jh Shae`ldh pbr KBVDE-84.

Bgo`tdvbs `sp`kìfdkb?

 Hahjdzhr jh dafbrlhkdûa r`kbpdjheh e` jh pbgjhkdûa hfdjdheh t`ad`aeb `a ku`ath jh khushj

e` bpbrtuadehe e` jh pr`sthkdûa e` s`rvdkdbs y phkd`at`s khthjbmhebs pbgjhkdûa e` rd`smb

 phrh jh hktdvhkdûa e` jhs ruths e` ht`akdûa phrh

phr h phkd`at`s `a hdsjhld`atb bgjdmhtbrdb pbr

KBVDE-84.

 Brmhadzhr e` lha`rh kbaouath kba jhs edf`r`at`s Dastdtukdba`s Sr`sthebrhs e` [`rvdkdbs e`

[hjue (DS[) ua krbabmrhlh e` trhghob ebae` s` `o`kut`a jhs r`sp`ktdvhs l`edehs e`

 prblbkdûa y pr`v`akdûa kba `j fda e` ldtdmhr jh hvhazheh

hvhazhe h y prbphmhkdûa e`j vdrus

KBVDE-84, l`edhat` grdmhehs e` vhkuahkdûa kbatrh jh dafju`azh, `atr`mh e`

l`edkhl`atbs y vdsdth ebldkdjdhrdh phrh tblh e` lu`strhs y `atr`mh e` r`sujthebs e`

jhgbrhtbrdb [HW[-KbV-7.
 

 @sthgj`k`r pjha`s e` l`obrh qu` kulpjha kba jbs prbtbkbjbs e` ht`akdûa nulhadzheh y

 prdbrdzheh phrh jh pbgjhkdûa `a rd`smb kbafbrl`

kba fbrl` h jb `sthgj`kdeb pbr `j LDAD[U@WDB E@

[HJPE e` Kbjblgdh.

Eds`øb L`tbebjûmdkb
Udpb y täkadkh e` dav`stdmhkdûa
Shrh qu` `xdsth l`tbebjbmìh kuhatdthtdvh e`g` nhg`r kjhrdehe `atr` jbs `j`l`atbs e`

dav`stdmhkdûa e`se` ebae` `sth dadkdh nhsth ebae` t`rldah, hgbrehaeb jbs ehtbs e` lha`rh

`stètdkh y hsdmaèaebj` ua sdmadfdkheb aulärdkb h trhväs e` jh `stheìstdkh, kba jh fdahjdehe e` nhk`r 

daf`r`akdhs. Jhs dav`stdmhkdba`s `xp`rdl`athj`s, kuhsd `xp`rdl`athj`s y ab `xp`rdl`athj`s, sba

jbs lätbebs qu` kugr`a jh lhybr phrt` e` jbs trhghobs qu` s` r`hjdzha kba dafbrlhkdûa
kuhatdthtdvh. Jh Wbsh (8440, kdtheh `a Shjhkdbs, 7336).

Jh pr`s`at` dav`stdmhkdûa `s e` khrèkt`r kuhatdthtdvh eheb h qu` kba `jjh s` pr`t`ae`

e`t`rldahr l`edhat` ua kbas`asb, sd jh pbgjhkdûa `a sdtuhkdûa hdsjhld`atb bgjdmhtbrdb pbr

kbathmdb e` vdrus KBVDE-84, `stè r`kdgd`aeb jbs s`rvdkdbs jh ruth e` ht`akdûa `sthgj`kdeh qu`

kbasth e` ht`akdûa ebldkdjdhrdh, tblh e` lu`strhs y `atr`mh e` l`edkhl`atbs s` `stè r`hjdzhaeb

bpbrtuahl`at`. Jh täkadkh ` ddastrul`athkdûa

astrul`athkdûa usheh fu` jh `aku`sth jh
jh kuhj l`edhat` ehtbs

`xhktbs abs e`oh hahjdzhr ` dat`rpr`thr sd jh pbgjhkdûa bgo`tb `stè kbafbrl` kba jh ruth e`

ht`akdûa läedkh.
 

W`kbj`kkdûa e` jh dafbrlhkdûa

Dafbrlhkdûa Srdlhrdh

Jh r`kbj`kkdûa e` `sth dafbrlhkdûa s` r`hjdzh utdjdzhaeb edf`r`at`s khahj`s e`

kbluadkhkdûa `sthgj`kdebs (Jìa`h hzuj Kbvde-84, knht pèmdah w`g, kbrr`b `j`ktrûadkb phrh

hsdst`akdh y jh HSS L`edlès @S[). E` dmuhj lha`rh hsdstd`aeb h jh pbgjhkdûa bgo`tb `a su jumhr 

e` r`sde`akdh l`edhat` grdmhehs kulpjd`aeb jbs prbtbkbjbs e` gdbs`murdehe.

Dafbrlhkdûa [`kuaehrdh

Jh dafbrlhkdûa phrh jh fu`at` s`kuaehrdh s`rè daehmheh `a r`mdstrbs gdgjdbmrèfdkbs, qu`

r`fd`rha sbgr` jh sdtuhkdûa hk`rkh e` jh prbphmhkdûa e`j KBVDE-84 `a `j luaeb y qu` nha sdeb

kbasdmahebs `a t`sds, hrtìkujbs kd`atìfdkbs, trhghobs e` mrhebs, `aku`sths r`hjdzhehs pbr edf`r`at`s
`atdehe`s e` shjue, `atr` btrbs qu` hpbrt`a hj prby`ktb e` dav`stdmhkdûa.

Sbgjhkdûa

Jh pbgjhkdûa hfdjdheh `a L@EDLÈ[ @S[ phrh Abrt` e` [hathae`r jh kuhj hjkhazh ua tbthj

e` 745.333 hfdjdhebs h p`rdbeb e` bktugr`, edstrdgudebs `a 7= luadkdpdbs.

Lu`strh

Jh pbgjhkdûa bgo`tb e` `stuedb `s jh qu` r`pbrth kba sdatblhtbjbmìh b r`pbrt`s pbsdtdvbs

 phrh KBVDE-84. Abrt` e` [hathae`r r`pbrth kba uah hf`kthkdûa

h f`kthkdûa e` 84.43> y L`edlès @S[

m`a`rû ua r`pbrt` h kbrt` e` 7; bktugr` e` =.;78 daf`kthebs.

U`ad`aeb `a ku`ath jb hat`rdbr jh lu`strh h `stuedhr `s e` =.;78 phkd`at`s daf`kthebs e`

KBVDE-84, kba hfdjdhkdûa vdm`at` h L@EDLH[ @S[.

 

Eds`øb kba lbe`jb e` dav`stdmhkdûa kuhatdthtdvh

Kbrr`spbae` h ua eds`øb prbghgdjìstdkb (kuhatdthtdvb) eheb h qu` jh pbgjhkdûa h `stuedhr 

td`a` jh ldslh pbsdgdjdehe e` fbrlhr phrt` e` jh lu`strh, `sthaeb tbebs hj hjkhak` y sd`aeb

s`j`kkdbahebs e` lha`rh qu` kuhjqud`r lu`strh s`h pbsdgj` sd jj`mhs`a h r`sujthr kba r`pbrt`

 pbsdtdvb e` kbathmdb.
 

Uhgjh8.
 Dastrul`atb e` W`kbj`kkdûa e` Dafbrlhkdûa

@AKP@[UH
L@EDLH[KBVDE-84
@S[
ABWU@ E@ [HAUHAE@W 

EHUB[ E@J @AKP@[UHEB

ABLGW@?
EBKPL@AUB E@ DE@AUDEHE?
F@KNH E@ AHKDLD@AUB?
A³ UÄJ@FBADKB?
EDW@KKDÛA?
WÄMDL@A?
HPUBWD_HKDÛA UWHUHLD@AUB E@ EHUB[
Ubeh jh dafbrlhkdûa s` r`kbm` kba fda`s `strdkthl`at` e` dat`räs pÿgjdkb hat` jh sdtuhkdûa
e`kr`theh pbr jhs Hutbrdehe`s Sÿgjdkhs, phrh prbt`m`r y shjvhmuhrehr ua dat`räs `s`akdhj
 phrh jh vdeh e` jhs p`rsbahs, `a kbas`ku`akdh,
kb as`ku`akdh, hutbrdzb h L@EDLH[ @S[ [.H.[, phrh `j
lha`ob e` jh dafbrlhkdûa hpbrtheh `a `sth hutb`vhjuhkdûa e` sìatblhs KBVDE-84 kba `j
 prbpûsdtb e` e`shrrbjjhr hkkdba`s qu`
qu ` p`rldtha kbabk`r `j adv`j e` shtdsfhkkdûa e` jh ruth
e` ht`akdûa läedkh jh kuhj nh v`adeb pr`sthaeb jbs s`rvdkdbs ebldkdjdhrdbs hkbre` kba jb
abrlheb pbr `j Ldadst`rdb e` [hjue y jhs e`lès hutbrdehe`s kblp`t`at`s.
²Hutbrdzû trhthld`atb e` ehtbs2 [D AB
EHUB[ E@ PGDKHKDÛA
²Nh p`rlha`kdeb `a tbthj hdsjhld`atb [D AB
t`ad`aeb `a ku`ath qu` `s phkd`at` pbsdtdvb
 phrh KBVDE-842
²Vdhoû h btrb Luadkdpdb `a jbs ÿjtdlbs 85   [D AB
eìhs2trhghohebr `a `j èr`h e` jh shjue2
²@s   [D AB
DAFBWLHKDÛA L@EDKB H[D[U@AKDHJ
²[d`at`s qu` nhs e`oheb e` p`rkdgdr bjbr`s   [D AB
y/b shgbr`s2
²Ud`a` b nh t`adeb fd`gr` lhybr b dmuhj h   [D AB
;> mrhebs k`atìmrhebs2
²U` nhs tblheb jh t`lp`rhturh kba ua   [D AB
t`rlûl`trb2
[d t` l`edst` jh t`lp`rhturh kba ua W`sujtheb Mrhebs k`atìmrhebs
t`rlûl`trb, daedkhr `j r`sujtheb.
²Jh tblh e` lu`strh phrh jh e`t`akdûa e`   [D AB
KBVDE-84 y `atr`mh e` r`sujthebs fu`
r`hjdzheh bpbrtuahl`at`2
 

²Jh `atr`mh e` l`edkhl`atbs s` `stè   [D AB

r`hjdzhaeb bpbrtuahl`at`2
²W`kd`at`l`at` j` nh sdeb hpjdkheh vhkuah   [D AB
kbatrh jh dafju`azh2
²Jh @S[ r`hjdzh s`mudld`atb y r`mdstrb e`   [D AB
sdatblhtbjbmìh `a jh fhs` e` hdsjhld`atb
 pr`v`atdvb pbr 85 eìhs2
²[` sd`at` shtdsf`knb kba jh ht`akdûa   [D AB
läedkh ebldkdjdhrdh b pbr t`j`kbasujth
suldadstrheh2
²Sr`s`ath hjmuah e` jhs sdmud`at`s `af`rl`ehe`s2
  @af`rl`ehe pujlbahr bgstruktdvh krûadkh
Ndp`rt`asdba Hrt`rdhj
  Edhg`t`s
  Kèak`r 
  Hrtrdtds W`ulhtbde`
  @af`rl`ehe W`ahj Krbadkh
  VDN
  Urhspjhathebs
Hslh r`spdrhtbrdhs
  Hj`rmdhs
 [d pr`s`ath sdatblhs e` hjhrlh s` hktdvhrh jh r`sp`ktdvh ruth e` ht`akdûa
h t`akdûa `sthgj`kdeh.
LPKNH[ MWHKDH[.

Abth? `aku`sth kbvde-84 r`hjdzheh h jbs usuhrdbs e` L`edlhs @ps `a Abrt` e` [hathae`r9
kr`hkdûa prbpdh.
 

Oustdfdkhkdûa
@j pr`s`at` prby`ktb td`a` kblb fdahjdehe de`atdfdkhr, hahjdzhr y ehr r`spu`sth bpbrtuah h

jh pbgjhkdûa kba r`pbrt` e` khsbs pbsdtdvbs pbr KBVDE-84, jh kuhj r`fd`r` dakbafbrldehe kba jhs

ruths e` ht`akdûa dlpj`l`athehs pbr jbs edf`r`at`s hktbr`s e`j sdst`lh m`a`rhj e` shjue, eheh jh

threhazh hj lbl`atb e` r`hjdzhr jhs r`sp`ktdvh tblh y `atr`mh e` r`sujthebs e` pru`ghs KBVDE-

84, hsì kblb thlgdäa jh sdtuhkdûa `xpu`sth kba jhs DS[ edsp`ashebrhs e` l`edkhl`atbs jhs

kuhj`s pr`s`atha e`lbrhs `a jh `atr`mh e` jbs fèrlhkbs hutbrdzhebs `a bre`a läedkh phrh s`r

`atr`mhebs `a Ebldkdjdb.

U`ad`aeb `a ku`ath jb hat`rdbr s` nh prbpu`stb hgbrehr jh prbgj`lètdkh pr`s`atheh `a `j

 prby`ktb e` dav`stdmhkdûa y ehr r`spu`sth

r`spu`s th e`se` `j khlpb hsdst`akdhj h jbs dat`rrbmhat`s e` jh
 pbgjhkdûa hfdjdheh kbafbrl` h jhs ruths e` ht`akdûa dat`mrhj phrh kbatrhrr`sthr jh hvhazheh [HW[

KBV7-KBVDE-84 `a jh r`mdûa. Shrh thj `f`ktb jhs dastdtukdba`s pr`sthebrhs e` shjue nha v`adeb

dlpj`l`athaeb `strht`mdhs phrh fbrthj`k`r y l`obrhr jhs hkkdba`s e` m`stdûa e` jh shjue pÿgjdkh

 phrh ldtdmhr jh `pde`ldh bkhsdbaheh pbr `j vdrus KBVDE-84, dakjuy`aeb lès prbf`sdbahj`s `a su

 pjhatdjjh e` `qudpbs lujtdedskdpjdahrdbs `a shjue phrh kugrdr hsdst`akdhjl`at` `a jh prdl`rh jìa`h

e` ghthjjh kbatrh `j KBVDE-84, hsì kblb thlgdäa ebthr h jbs prbf`sdbahj`s qu` r`hjdzha jbs

thldzho`s kba idts e` e`t`akdûa y surtdr t`kabjûmdkhl`at` jbs jhgbrhtbrdbs kba edspbsdtdvbs e`

ÿjtdlh t`kabjbmìh phrh jh `atr`mh e` r`sujtheb `a sbjb hjmuahs nbrhs. @a kuhatb h jh `atr`mh e`

l`edkhl`atbs jhs DS[ edsp`ashebrhs s` nha prbvdstb e` ua p`rsbahj qu` kulpj` kba jhs

r`sp`ktdvhs abrlhs e` s`murdehe phrh jh `atr`mh e` l`edkhl`atbs `a `j ebldkdjdb. Ubeb `stb `a

hpjdkhkdûa e`j kulpjdld`atb h jh muìh e` s`mudld`atb h phkd`at`s `a `j lhrkb e` jh phae`ldh

KBVDE-84 Ldadst`rdb e` [hjue y Srbt`kkdûa [bkdhj.

 

E`jdldthkdûa

@j prby`ktb `stè edrdmdeb h jh pbgjhkdûa hfdjdheh h L@EDLH[ @S[ `a Abrt` e` [hathae`r

hjkhazh ua tbthj e` 745.333 hfdjdhebs h p`rdbeb e` s`ptd`lgr`, edstrdgudebs `a 7= luadkdpdbs, h jh

f`knh jh r`mdûa r`pbrth kba uah hf`kthkdûa e` 84.43> daf`kthebs e` jbs kuhj`s =.;78 phkd`at`s

daf`kthebs e` KBVDE-84, hktuhjl`at` pr`s`atha vdm`akdh kba L@EDLÈ[ @S[.

@s dlpbrthat` pr`kdshr qu` jh pbgjhkdûa hfdjdheh `a jh r`mdûa `stè kugd`rth pbr `j pjha e`

 g`a`fdkdbs e` shjue dlpj`l`athebs `a jbs edf`r`at`s pu`stbs

pu `stbs e` shjue, DS[ y kjìadkhs jhs kuhj`s

ku`atha kba `qudpbs lujtdedskdpjdahrdbs `a shjue qu` s` nha hen`rdeb `xdtbshl`at` hj lbe`jb

dlpj`l`atheb e` kudeheb y gdbs`murdehe `xdmdeb pbr `j Ldadst`rdb e` [hjue phrh kbatrhrr`sthr jh

hvhazheh e` jh prbphmhkdûa e`j vdrus [HW[-KbV-7 (KBVDE-84).

Lhrkb e` W`f`r`akdh

Lhrkb Kbak`ptuhj
@a `st` hphrtheb s` e`fda`a jbs prdakdphj`s kbak`ptbs? pbgjhkdûa, KBVDE-84, `strht`mdhs,

hdsjhld`atb, kbathmdb, gdbs`murdehe, phae`ldh, `pde`ldh, lbrthjdehe, rd`smb, kba `j fda e`

kblpr`ae`r jh dav`stdmhkdûa y su lhrkb r`f`r`akdhj.

Sbgjhkdûa
Pah pbgjhkdûa `s, e`se` `st` puatb e` vdsth, `j stbki e` p`rsbahs qu` nhy `a uah r`mdûa

e`t`rldaheh. Jbs `stuedbs sbgr` jh pbgjhkdûa fbrlha phrt` e` edstdaths hprbxdlhkdba`s h jh

sbkd`ehe, qu` guskha kblpr`ae`r `j lbeb phrtdkujhr `a qu` s` brmhadzha jhs edstdaths kujturhs y

ahkdba`s, hsì kblb jhs edaèldkhs phrtdkujhr`s h jhs qu`, kblb kbj`ktdvb, s` `afr`atha.
 

E` `sh lha`rh, `s pbsdgj` nhgjhr e` pbgjhkdûa hktdvh, pbgjhkdûa `a rd`smb, pbgjhkdûa

`j`ktbrhj y ua dal`asb `tkät`rh, e`p`aed`aeb e` kuèj puatb e` vdsth s` `lpj``. Hsdldslb, uah

ldrheh ndstûrdkh e` jh pbgjhkdûa grdaeh dafbrlhkdûa, pbr `o`lpjb, sbgr` jh khjdehe y lbeb e`

vdeh e` su m`at` `a ua lbl`atb krbabjûmdkb e`t`rldaheb. Y KDUHUDBA Lhr73 Zj 4776 \

KBVDE 84
Jh KBVDE-84 `s jh `af`rl`ehe daf`kkdbsh khusheh pbr `j kbrbahvdrus qu` s` nh

e`skugd`rtb lès r`kd`at`l`at`. Uhatb `st` au`vb vdrus kblb jh `af`rl`ehe qu` prbvbkh `rha

e`skbabkdebs hat`s e` qu` `sthjjhrh `j grbt` `a ]unha (Kndah) `a edkd`lgr` e` 7384.

Hktuhjl`at` jh KBVDE-84 `s uah phae`ldh qu` hf`kth h luknbs phìs`s e` tbeb `j luaeb.

Pah p`rsbah pu`e` kbatrh`r jh KBVDE-84 pbr kbathktb kba btrh qu` `stä daf`ktheh pbr `j vdrus.
Jh `af`rl`ehe s` prbphmh prdakdphjl`at` e` p`rsbah h p`rsbah h trhväs e` jhs mbtìkujhs qu`

shj`a e`sp`edehs e` jh ahrdz b jh gbkh e` uah p`rsbah daf`ktheh hj tbs`r, `stbrauehr b nhgjhr.

@sths mbtìkujhs sba r`jhtdvhl`at` p`shehs, ab jj`mha luy j`obs y kh`a rèpdehl`at` hj su`jb. Pah

 p`rsbah pu`e` kbatrh`r jh KBVDE-84

KBVDE- 84 sd danhjh jhs mbtìkujhs prbk`e`at`s e` uah p`rsbah
p`rs bah

daf`ktheh pbr `j vdrus. Sbr `sb `s dlpbrthat` lhat`a`rs` hj l`abs h ua l`trb e` edsthakdh e` jbs

e`lès. @sths mbtìkujhs pu`e`a kh`r sbgr` jbs bgo`tbs y sup`rfdkd`s qu` rbe`ha h jh p`rsbah, kblb

l`shs, pblbs y ghrhaedjjhs, e` lbeb qu` btrhs p`rsbahs pu`e`a daf`kthrs` sd tbkha `sbs bgo`tbs

b sup`rfdkd`s y ju`mb s` tbkha jbs bobs, jh ahrdz b jh gbkh. Sbr `jjb `s dlpbrthat` jhvhrs` jhs

lhabs fr`ku`at`l`at` kba hmuh y ohgûa b kba ua e`sdaf`kthat` h ghs` e` hjkbnbj. Y KDUHUDBA

Brm84 Zj 4776 \
 

@strht`mdhs
N. Dmbr Hasbff `a 84=6, e`fda` jh `strht`mdh kblb jh edhjäktdkh e` jh `lpr`sh kba su `atbrab.

@st` hutbr kbasde`rh qu` jh pjha`hkdûa y jh edr`kkdûa `strhtämdkh sba kbak`ptbs edf`r`at`s,

 pjhat`h jh sup`rdbrdehe e`j s`muaeb.

Uhghtbray y Ohradu `a 84=0 pjhat`ha qu` `s `j kbaouatb e` e`kdsdba`s qu` e`t`rldaha jh

kbn`r`akdh e` jhs dadkdhtdvhs y r`hkkdba`s e` jh `lpr`sh fr`at` h su `atbrab.

Kbathmdb
'Jh trhasldsdûa e` uah `af`rl`ehe e` ua brmhadslb h btrb', kblb e` p`rsbah h p`rsbah

(KBVDE-84), e` hadlhj h hadlhj (vdru`jh hvdhr), e` hadlhj h p`rsbah (rhgdh), `tk. Uhlgdäa 'jh

hequdsdkdûa e` uah `af`rl`ehe pbr kbathmdb' (kbathmdhrs`). Hsdldslb, s` pu`e` r`f`rdr h

`lbkdba`s b `sthebs e` èadlb, kblb `j kbathmdb e` bptdldslb, p`sdldslb, rdsh, trdst`zh, p`shr,

`tk.Y KDUHUDBA O`s73 Zj 4776 \

Hdsjhld`atb
  [`mÿa OH[S@W[,I (844>) [d t`a`lbs qu` e`fdadr `j hdsjhld`atb, edrìhlbs qu` `s

kuhaeb ab `xdst` dat`rkhlgdb e` p`ashld`atb, e` hf`ktbs pbr jh `xdst`akdh e` ua

`ak`rrhld`atb fìsdkb, psìqudkb, l`athj b s`asbrdhj. Srbk`sb qu` phrt` e` jh dakbluadkhkdûa y

ehøh h jh psdqu`. Hsbkdheb, sd`lpr` `stè jh fhjth e` jdg`rthe Y KDUHUDBA Lhr85 Zj 4776 \ .
 

Gdbs`murdehe

  Shrh hutbr`s kblb Shpba`, (7333) `a Prumuhy, jh

jh Gdbs`murdehe s` kbasde`rh kblb uah

Ebktrdah e` Kblpbrthld`atb, qu` `stè edrdmdeh hj jbmrb e` hktdtue`s y kbaeukths kba `j bgo`tdvb

e` ldadldzhr `j rd`smb e` qud`a`s trhghoha `a pr`sthkdûa e` shjue, h `af`rlhrs` pbr jhs

daf`kkdba`s prbpdhs h `st` `o`rkdkdb, dakjuy`aeb tbehs jhs p`rsbahs qu` s` `aku`atrha `a `j

`sphkdb hsdst`akdhj, kuyb eds`øb e`g` kbheyuvhr h jh edsldaukdûa e`j rd`smb.

Shae`ldh
  [`mÿa jh Brmhadzhkdûa luaedhj e` jh [hjue (7373). [` jjhlh phae`ldh h jh prbphmhkdûa

luaedhj e` uah au`vh `af`rl`ehe. [` prbeuk` uah phae`ldh e` mrdp` kuhaeb surm` ua au`vb

vdrus mrdphj qu` s` prbphmh pbr `j luaeb y jh lhybrìh e` jhs p`rsbahs ab td`a`a daluadehe
kbatrh äj. Sbr jb kblÿa, jbs vdrus qu` nha khusheb phae`ldhs kba hat`rdbrdehe nha prbv`adeb e`

vdrus mrdphj`s qu` daf`ktha h jbs hadlhj`s.

@pde`ldh

Lhri Ghrtnbjbl`w, kbakjuyû `a 733>, qu` uah `pde`ldh `s uah `af`rl`ehe qu` s` prbphmh

eurhat` ua kd`rtb p`rdbeb e` td`lpb `a uah zbah m`bmrèfdkh e`t`rldaheh y qu` hf`kth

sdlujtèa`hl`at` h luknhs p`rsbahs. [` trhth e` uah abkdûa utdjdzheh pbr jh shjue kbluadthrdh

 phrh nhk`r r`f`r`akdh hj n`knb

n `knb e` qu` jh `af`rl`ehe jj`mh h uah khatdehe e` m`at` sup`rdbr h jh

`sp`rheh.

Lbrthjdehe
[`mÿa [knb`ag`rm G, ]hsndamtba, 8440. Jh lbrthjdehe. @s `j prbk`sb ahturhj l`edhat` `j

kuhj e`shphr`k` uah pbgjhkdûa h jb jhrmb e`j td`lpb, s` `stuedh h phrtdr e` uah dafbrlhkdûa e`

fjuob? jhs e`fuakdba`s qu` bkurr`a eurhat` `j p`rìbeb kbasde`rheb.

 

@j f`aûl`ab e` jh lbrthjdehe s` hahjdzh l`edhat` uah fu`at` edaèldkh e` dafbrlhkdûa? `j

r`mdstrb e` e`fuakdba`s.

Wd`smb

  Shrh `j sbkdûjbmb hj`lèa Adiijhs Junulhaa (847=-844>), `j rd`smb prbvd`a` kblb

kbas`ku`akdh e` uah e`kdsdûa rhkdbahj, sumdrd`aeb qu` äst` `stè `a fuakdûa e` jh e`kdsdûa y

`xpbsdkdûa qu` `stè pr`s`at` `a `j `atbrab. @s jh vuja`rhgdjdehe b hl`ahzh h qu` bkurrh ua

`v`atb y sus `f`ktbs s`ha a`mhtdvbs y qu` hjmud`a b hjmb pu`eha v`rs` hf`kthebs pbr äj.

Lhrkb U`ûrdkb

Hat`k`e`at`s Kd`atìfdkbs

Kblpba`at` krìtdkb `a jhs `strht`mdhs e` ht`akdûa läedkh, pr`v`akdûa y kbatrbj e` jh

phae`ldh KBVDE-84. @euk L`e [up`r vbj.;5 ab.7 Kduehe e` jh Nhghah hgr.-oua.

hg r.-oua. 7373 @pug

38-Oua-7373.

Pa trhghob r`jhkdbaheb kba èr`h e` ht`akdûa h pbgjhkdûa kba sdatblhtbjbmìh KBVDE-

84 qu` r`sujth dat`r`shat` `s `j pr`s`atheb pbr jh Padv`rsdehe e` Kd`akdhs Läedkhs e` Jh

Nhghah, r`sde`akdheb `a Jh Nhghah, Kugh. Y KDUHUDBA Ebl73 Zj 4776 \   Shrh `j kuhj pr`s`ath

kblb bgo`tdvb m`a`rhj De`atdfdkhr jbs `j`l`atbs fuaehl`athj`s r`jhkdbahebs kba jh `eukhkdûa

läedkh `a su r`jhkdûa kba jh ht`akdûa läedkh h phkd`at`s kba KBVDE-84, y jhs `strht`mdhs e`

 pr`v`akdûa y kbatrbj. Sbr jb kuhj pr`s`ath ua kbasbjdeheb e` kbabkdld`atbs

kbab kdld`atbs y nhgdjdehe`s phrh

jh pr`v`akdûa e` jh trhasldsdûa e` daf`kkdba`s eurhat` jbs kudehebs h jh shjue, s`h `stbs `atr`
 

 phkd`at`s ht`aedebs `a dastdtukdba`s e` jh shjue, ebldkdjdhrdbs y `atr` phkd`at`s y trhghohebr`s e`

jh shjue.

  @j hat`k`e`at` läedkb e`j prbf`sdbahj Er. Obhquìa Hjghrrèa Eblìamu`z muhreh

r`jhkdûa `str`knh kba jh ht`akdûa dlpj`l`atheh pbr jh ruths `strhtämdkhs e`j pjha e` g`a`fdkdbs e`
shjue btbrmhebs h phkd`at`s `a hdsjhld`atb pr`v`atdvb pbr KBVDE-84, eheb h qu` `a `j

ebkul`atb s` hgbreha t`lhs fuaehl`athj`s qu` p`rldt` `eukhr hj prbf`sdbahj kba dafbrlhkdûa

`pde`ldbjûmdkh pbr hat`k`e`at`s e` daf`kkdûa `a btrbs phkd`at`s, jb kuhj pbsdgdjdth hj prbf`sdbahj

jj`vhr ua l`obr lha`ob kjìadkb y hpjdkhr l`obr`s r`kbl`aehkdba`s hj phkd`at`.

Jh Ssdkbjbmìh `a jh pr`v`akdûa y lha`ob e`j KBVDE-84. Hpbrt`s e`se` jh `vde`akdh

dadkdhj. U`rhpdh psdkbjûmdkh 7373, vbj. ;>, A¿ 8, 83;‛88>.

  @j pr`s`at` hrtìkujb sdst`lhtdzh dafbrlhkdûa edspbadgj` dadkdhj sbgr` psdkbjbmìh y

KBVDE-84. [` edskut` qu` mrha phrt` e`j prbgj`lh e` jh `af`rl`ehe s` pu`e` `vdthr khlgdhaeb

jbs kblpbrthld`atbs e` jhs p`rsbahs y qu` jh psdkbjbmìh pu`e` hyuehr h `xpjdkhr, pr`v`adr `

dat`rv`adr phrh su sbjukdûa. Jh psdkbjbmìh ku`ath kba `vde`akdh kd`atìfdkh edspbadgj` qu` `xpjdkh

tbebs `stbs f`aûl`abs, `vde`akdh qu` e`g` s`r pu`sth `a r`jd`v` pbr jbs ldslbs hktbr`s e` jhs

edskdpjdahs h edspbsdkdûa e` btrhs èr`hs e`j kbabkdld`atb y sbgr` tbeb phrh jbs tblhebr`s e`

e`kdsdûa. (Przÿh, `t hj., 7373).

  @j hrtdkujb abs p`rldt

p`rldt`` hgbrehr e`se` ua puatb e` vdsth m`a`rhj e` jh psdkbjbmìh jh

susk`ptdgdjdehe y `j pèadkb m`a`rhjdzb h khush e` jh phae`ldh KBVDE-84, tbeb `stb h rhìz

 prdakdphjl`at` pbr jbs hjtbs daedkhebr`s e` lbrthjdehe pr`s`athebs

pr`s` athebs h adv`j luaedhj, jh fu`rt`

khìeh `a jh `kbablìh, y jh abrlhtdvh dlpj`l`atheh phrh vdvdr kba ua lbe`jb h jhrmb pjhzb e`
 

hdsjhld`atb bgjdmhtbrdb. @s pbr `jjb qu` abs sdrv` e` hyueh phrh hebpthr l`edehs qu` p`rldtha

brd`athr h jbs phkd`at`s pbgjhkdûa e` rd`smb kba `j fda e` l`obrhr jh kbafdhazh `a `j trhthld`atb

läedkb y hehpthrs` h jbs khlgdbs e`j `atbrab hktuhj qu` vdvdlbs `a jh r`mdûa Abrt`

[hathae`r`hah.

@j rbj e` jh `af`rl`rìh `a jh phae`ldh e`j KBVDE-84.

Padv`rsdehe e`j Wbshrdb - S`rdbedkb-Abvh@tV`t`rh / [hjue 85 e` hgrdj 7373

@j sdmud`at` r`kursb abs p`rldt` v`r jh `xt`auhat` jhgbr e` jh `af`rl`rìh lès hjjè e`j

èlgdtb nbspdthjhrdb, y abs p`rldt` kbabk`r `j php`j tha dlpbrthat` qu` e`s`lp`øha `a `j prbk`sb

e` kudeheb e` jh shjue y gd`a`sthr e` jh pbgjhkdûa `a sdtuhkdûa e` hdsjhld`atb `a kuhatb h jh

ht`akdûa prdlhrdh y kbluadthrdh e` jh hktuhj phae`ldh e`j KBVDE-8 Y KDUHUDBA Ham73 Zj 4776 \ 4.

@j hrtdkujb abs p`rldt` kbabk`r edf`r`at`s puatbs e` vdsth e`se` `j èr`h prbf`sdbahj e` jhs

`af`rl`rhs qu` jdgrha uah ghthjjh edhrdh `a jh jìa`h e` ht`akdûa h phkd`at`s KBVDE-84, ` davdtha

h kbas`rvhr y hkhthr jhs l`edehs e` hutbkudeheb y edsthakdhld`atb sbkdhj `a uabs r`suldebs

 puatbs qu` nhk`a dat`r`shat` jh j`kturh e`se` jbs edf`r`at`s rbj`s qu` e`s`lp`øha.

@j hat`rdbr hrtìkujb s` r`jhkdbah `a mrha lha`rh kba jh jhgbr qu` jj`vha h khgb jbs

 prbf`sdbahj`s läedkbs e` jhs WDH[ (Wuths dat`mrhj`s e` ht`akdûa `a shjue) qu` s` v`a `xpu`stbs
`xp u`stbs

hj eìh h eìh `a jh ghthjjh kbatrh `j KBVDE-84, pr`s`ath ua edhjbmb kba hjmuahs `af`rl`rhs y

 pr`s`ath sdldjdtue kba hqu`jjbs qu` `o`kutha jh edsp`aedbsh jhgbr e` grdaehr ua s`rvdkdb kba

`fdkd`akdh y khjdehe nulhah `a jb qu` r`fd`r` h jh tblh e` lu`strhs, y `atr`mh e` l`edkhl`atbs h

ebldkdjdb h phkd`at`s `a sdtuhkdûa e` hdsjhld`atb bgjdmhtbrdb qu` pr`s`athlbs `a `j prby`ktb e`

dav`stdmhkdûa phrh Abrt` e` [hathae`r.

 

  Ht`akdûa `a `j ebldkdjdb h khsbs sbsp`knbsbs b kbafdrlhebs e` KBVDE-84 y lha`ob

e` sus kbathktbs. © Brmhadzhkdûa Luaedhj e` jh [hjue 7373 .

@j pr`s`at` ebkul`atb `s uah v`rsdûa hktuhjdzheh e` jhs brd`athkdba`s pugjdkhehs `j 8= e`

lhrzb e` 7373 ghob `j tìtujb «Ht`akdûa `a `j ebldkdjdb h phkd`at`s kba KBVDE-84 qu` pr`s`atha

sìatblhs j`v`s, y m`stdûa e` sus kbathktbs¹. @sths brd`athkdba`s prbvdsdbahj`s kbatd`a`a au`vhs

r`kbl`aehkdba`s sbgr` kûlb ht`ae`r `a `j ebldkdjdb e` fbrlh s`murh y he`kuheh h jbs phkd`at`s

kba kbrbahvdrus e` 7384 (KBVDE-7384), hsì kblb sbgr` jhs l`edehs e` shjue pÿgjdkh r`jhtdvhs

hj lha`ob e` sus kbathktbs Y KDUHUDBA jhW73 Zj 4776 \ .

@j ebkul`atb e`sthkh brd`athkdba`s h jbs prbf`sdbahj`s e` jh shjue kba `j fda e` qu`

hpr`aeha h r`eukdr hj lìadlb `j rd`smb e` kbathmdb, `atr` btrhs, fhldjdhrdzèaebjbs kba jbs

 prdakdphj`s prbk`edld`atbs e` ndmd`a` y `as`øèaebj`s h r`kbabk`r jbs sìatblhs e` ua

hmrhvhld`atb e`j `stheb e`j phkd`at` kba KBVDE-84 qu` `xdmdrìh su trhsjheb h ua k`atrb

shadthrdb.

@j ebkul`atb e` jh brmhadzhkdûa luaedhj e` jh shjue `s hpjdkhgj` hj prby`ktb e`

dav`stdmhkdûa eheb h qu` p`rldt` ehr dastrukkdûa u brd`athr h jbs prbf`sdbahj`s e` jh shjue `a jb

qu` td`a` qu` v`r kba jh pr`v`akdûa y kbatrbj e` daf`kkdba`s, tbeb `stb r`jhtdvb h jh ht`akdûa `a

ebldkdjdb h phkd`at`s kba sdatblhtbjbmìh KBVDE-84. W`kbre`lbs qu` ht`ae`r h uah p`rsbah

daf`ktheh `a `j ebldkdjdb `a jumhr e` `a ua k`atrb läedkb b `sp`kdhjdzheb hul`ath `j rd`smb e`

trhasldsdûa e`j vdrus hj r`stb e` p`rsbahs qu` s` nhjjha `a `j nbmhr.

 

  Jda`hld`atbs phrh `j lha`ob e`j hdsjhld`atb ebldkdjdhrdb, fr`at` h jh datrbeukkdûa e`j

[HW[-KBV-7(KBVDE-84) h Kbjblgdh.  Ldadst`rdb e` [hjue y Srbt`kkdûa [bkdhj Gbmbtè,

lhrzb 86 e` 7373.

@j pr`s`at` ebkul`atb e` dav`stdmhkdûa td`a` kblb prbpûsdtb brd`athr h jh pbgjhkdûa e`j

 phìs fr`at` h jhs hkkdba`s y jbs kudehebs qu` s` r`qud`r`a dlpj`l`athr`a `j hdsjhld`atb

 pr`v`atdvb ebldkdjdhrdb, `a `j lhrkb e` jh hj`rth khusheh pbr `j [HW[-KbV-7phrh edsldaudr `j

rd`smb e` trhasldsdûa e`j vdrus e` nulhab h nulhab y `a `j lhrkb e`j W`mjhl`atb [hadthrdb

Dat`rahkdbahj-W[D pbr jh hj`rth shadthrdh pbr [HW[-KbV-7 (KBVDE-84) YKDUHUDBA Lda73 Zj 4776 \

@a `j ebkul`atb s` eh hjkhak` h jhs hkkdba`s qu` s` r`qud`r`a phrh dlpj`l`athr `a `j

hdsjhld`atb ebldkdjdhrdb pbr phrt` e` jh pbgjhkdûa `a m`a`rhj. @st` prbk`edld`atb pberè s`r

hktuhjdzheb kba ghs` `a jhs r`kbl`aehkdba`s qu` `ldth jh Brmhadzhkdûa Luaedhj e` jh [hjue

-BL[.

@j ebkul`atb pr`s`atheb pbr `j ldadst`rdb e` shjue e` Kbjblgdh pr`s`ath uah kblpj`th

muìh abrlhtdvh phrh `j lha`ob e`j hdsjhld`atb ebldkdjdhrdb, fr`at` h jh datrbeukkdûa e`j [HW[-

kbv-7, jh kuhj `s e` mrha hyueh phrh jb r`f`r`at` h jhs hkkdba`s h kbasde`rhr `a `j hdsjhld`atb

ebldkdjdhrdb, `a `j `akbatrhr`lbs r`spu`sths h euehs qu` td`a`a jbs prbf`sdbahj`s e` jh shjue,

kblb thlgdäa jbs phkd`at`s `a kuhatb h tärldabs, prbtbkbjbs y lha`ob läedkb. Ubthjl`at`

hpjdkhgj` hj prby`ktb e` dav`stdmhkdûa phrh jh dlpj`l`athkdûa e` ruths e` ht`akdûa phrh jh

ldtdmhkdûa e`j vdrus [HW[-KBV-7 (KBVDE-84) `a Abrt` e` [hathae`r

 

U@BWÌH[

U`brìhs e` kbaspdrhkdûa y e`sdafbrlhkdûa `atbrab h jh `pde`ldh e` jh KBVDE-84.

[`mÿa Obnhaa L. V`mh-Ed`astlhd`r , s` nh edfuaedeb uah mrha khatdehe e` dafbrlhkdûa

fhjsh b da`xhkth r`sp`ktb h jh prbpdh `xdst`akdh e` jh KBVDE-84, su brdm`a, r`j`vhakdh, jhs fbrlhs

e` kbathmdb, jhs l`edehs e` pr`v`akdûa y `j trhthld`atb. Jh `pde`ldh nh sdeb uah sdtuhkdûa

 prbpdkdh phrh jh hphrdkdûa e` edv`rshs t`brìhs e` kbaspdrhkdûa. Pah e` `jjhs sbstd`a` qu` jh

KBVDE-84 `a r`hjdehe ab `xdst` b qu`

q u` ab `s lès qu` ua
uahh sdlpj` mrdp` y qu` jhs thshs e`

lbrthjdehe pbr KBVDE-84 `stèa sd`aeb dafjhehs dat`akdbahjl`at`, `atr` btrhs fbrlhs,

lhadpujhaeb jbs k`rtdfdkhebs e` e`fuakdûa.

  @j `amhøb s`rìh prbeuktb e` ua kblpjbt e` jhs p`rsbahs lès pbe`rbshs e`j luaeb phrh

qudthrj` jh jdg`rthe h jh pbgjhkdûa. @sths kr``akdhs edfuaedehs hktdvhl`at` `a r`e`s sbkdhj`s nha

m`a`rheb prbt`sths `a kbatrh e` jhs l`edehs pr`v`atdvhs thj`s kblb `j edsthakdhld`atb sbkdhj, `j

usb e` lhskhrdjjhs y jh kuhr`at`ah `a vhrdbs jumhr`s e` @sthebs PadebsY KDUHUDBA V`m73 Zj 4776 \.

Eheb jb hat`rdbr pbe`lbs de`atdfdkhr uah r`jhkdûa `atr` jh t`brìh y `st` prby`ktb e`

dav`stdmhkdûa h p`shr e` qu` ab `s kjhrb l`akdbahr jbs lbtdvbs, prbpûsdtbs, y ahk

ahkdld`atb
dld`atb e` `sth

 phae`ldh vdvdeh `a tbeb `j luaeb, jb qu` sì `s kjhrb y jb v`lbs `a `j eìh h eìh `a au`strb

`atbrab qu` nh m`a`rheb ehøbs mjbghj`s `a jh shjue y `a jh `kbablìh e` jbs phìs`s, nh m`a`rheb

khbs drr`phrhgj` y p`br hÿa sdmu`a `a hul`atb, jb hat`rdbr pbr jhs ldslhs ndpût`sds qu` s`

lha`oha ` drr`spbashgdjdehe `a `j hutbkudeheb e` jhs p`rsbahs.

[ba lÿjtdpj`s jhs supbsdkdba`s e` jh hphrdkdûa e` `sth phae`ldh KBVDE-84, y sba hÿa

lhybr`s `j aÿl`rb e` vdehs qu` nh kbgrheb, `s pr`bkuphat` v`r qu` h `sths hjturhs yh sbjb vhj`
 

`j kudeheb y r`spbashgdjdehe qu` t`amhlbs, pbrqu` hj trhthrs` e` t`lhs pbjìtdkbs sba luy pbkbs

jb g`a`fdkdhebs9 jh juknh yh `s p`rsbahj, pbr au`strhs fhldjdhs.

W`j`vhakdh e` jh U`brìh e`j eäfdkdt e` hutbkudeheb `a jh KBVDE-84.

@a l`edb e`j f`aûl`ab sbkdhj qu` r`pr`s`ath jh phae`ldh KBVDE-84 ―`a Kugh y `j

luaeb― `j `o`rkdkdb e`j kudeheb `xp`rtb `a jhs edf`r`at`s èr`hs e` jhgbr vh `a dakr`l`atb. Sbr

`sth rhzûa s` pu`e` kbasde`rhr qu` `s ua lbl`atb vèjdeb phrh `j `lpj`b e` Jh t`brìh e`j Eäfdkdt

e` Hutbkudeheb, sbpbrt` t`ûrdkb qu` pbsdgdjdth uah he`kuheh kbrr`spbae`akdh kba jh hpjdkhkdûa

e`j Srbk`sb e` Ht`akdûa e` @af`rl`rìh (SH@).

Jh t`brìh e`j «Eäfdkdt e` hutbkudeheb¹ nh sdeb uah e` jhs lès edvujmhehs hkkdba`s e`atrb

e` jh @af`rl`rìh. @J vhjbr e` jh ldslh rhedkh `a `xpba`r jhs rhzba`s e`j hpbyb y sbstäa e` uah

 p`rsbah lès khphkdtheh h btrh, jdldtheh pbr su kbaedkdûa

k baedkdûa e` ebj`akdh b `af`rl`ehe Y KDUHUDBA

Kuz73 Zj 4776 \.

Jb hat`rdbr muhreh uah r`jhkdûa `str`knh kba `j prby`ktb e` dav`stdmhkdûa eheb h qu` `s

`vde`at` `j rbj e`j p`rsbahj e` @af`rl`rìh, tha prdlbredhj `a kheh uab e` `stbs `sk`ahrdbs kblb

`a jhs WDH[, yh qu` sba jbs khphkdthebs y jbs kbabk`ebr`s e`j prbk`sb `akhldaheb h jh

r`kup`rhkdûa e`j kbathmdb y h su v`z `vdthr jh prbphmhkdûa e`j ldslb9 e`g`lbs r`shjthr qu` sba

`sths p`rsbahs jhs lès `xpu`sths y hrrd`smhehs pbr `j ÿadkb bgo`tdvbs qu` `s shjvhr vdehs y ehr su

mrhadtb e` hr`ah hj hpbsthrj` hj l`obrhld`atb e`j `stheb e` kheh uab e` sus phkd`at`s, hedkdbahj h

tbeb jb hat`rdbr n`lbs sdeb t`stdmbs `a edf`r`at`s bkhsdba`s e` jhs khphkdthkdba`s y muìhs qu`

`jjbs abs `as`øha phrh e` `sth lha`rh pbe`r kbatrdgudr e` lha`rh p`rsbahj kba `j hutbkudeheb y

hsì `vdthr lès rd`smbs e` kbathmdb.

 

U`brìh fuaehl`atheh, krdsds e`j sdst`lh e`j khpdthj y `a jbs dlphktbs e`j KBVDE-84 sbgr`

edknh krdsds.

[` trhth e` ua `stuedb kuhjdthtdvb, `xpu`stb pbr Obrm` Hj`xhae`r Fbr`rb Kbrba`j, qu`

`lpj`h ua lätbeb e` t`brìh fuaehl`atheh, kba ghs` `a uah daehmhkdûa ebkul`athj l`edheh pbr
uah j`kturh ndstûrdkb-m`bmrèfdkh e` jh kbyuaturh y uah vdsdûa prbsp`ktdvh h trhväs e` jhs

edaèldkhs y jhs t`ae`akdhs e` hktuhkdûa y e` jbs sdst`lhs e` r`jhkdba`s e` jbs @sthebs. Jh

kbakjusdûa fuaehl`athj e` jh r`fj`xdûa, pbstujh qu` `a `j td`lpb ndstûrdkb hktuhj `j pbe`r `sththj

`s ua fhktbr l`eujhr e` jh pbjìtdkh, jh `kbablìh y e` jhs r`jhkdba`s sbkdhj`s. @sh sdtuhkdûa `rh ua

n`knb kd`rtb hat`s e` jh drrupkdûa e`j KBVDE-84, y kba jhs kbatdam`akdhs ehehs, nh

hequdrdeb lhybr r`jd`v` y s`rè krukdhj phrh `j e`v`adr e` jhs sbkd`ehe`s `a ua kbat`xtb e`

 prbfuaehs kbatrhedkkdba`s sdstäldkhs.

E`atrb e` jhs suskdthehs t`brìhs

t`brìhs s` e`abth jh drrupkdûa h `skhjh mjbghj e`j KBVDE-84 y su

r`kbabkdld`atb bfdkdhj kblb phae`ldh pbr phrt` e` jh Brmhadzhkdûa Luaedhj e` jh [hjue (BL[),

nh e`v`jheb jhs mrd`ths e` jh krdsds e` jh sbkd`ehe khpdthjdsth, `a phrtdkujhr `j khrèkt`r brmèadkb `

dat`re`p`aed`at` e` edknh krdsds `a r`jhkdûa kba `j p`roudkdb h jbs sdst`lhs `kbjûmdkbs, y kba

jhs p`rturghkdba`s `strukturhj`s,

`s trukturhj`s, qu` nha e`sgbreheb h jbs sdst`lhs shadthrdbs y nha

hf`ktheb e` lha`rh s`v`rh jhs edaèldkhs sbkdhj`s,

sbkdhj`s, `kbaûldkhs, pbjìtdkhs y jbs lbebs e`

vdeh e` uah prbpbrkdûa luy dlpbrthat` e` jh pbgjhkdûa Y KDUHUDBA LhrkhebrE`Sbsdkdûa8 Zj

4776 \.

Jb hat`rdbr kbgrh mrha r`j`vhakdh hj t`a`r `a ku`ath qu` hktuhjl`at` jhs `kbablìhs

luaedhj`s s` nha vdstb fu`rt`l`at` mbjp`hehs pbr sdtuhkdba`s phrh jhs kuhj`s qudzès abs `sthlbs

 pr`phrhebs kblb kblb nh qu`ehb `a `vde`akdh kba jh hphrdkdûa kba `j vdrus [HW[-KbV-7
 

(KBVDE-84), `st` n`knb muhreh r`jhkdûa kba `j pr`s`at` prby`ktb e` dav`stdmhkdûa eheb h qu`

luknbs e` jbs phkd`at`s `a hdsjhld`atb pr`v`atdvb s` e`edkha h jh dafbrlhjdehe y sus r`kursbs s`

nha vdstb jdldthebs hj ab pbe`r `o`rk`r su jhgbr edhrdh `a jbs l`rkhebs Abrt` [hathae`r`habs.

Fbrlhjdzhkdûa e` jh vdsdth ebldkdjdhrdh h trhväs e` jh t`brìh sugo`tdvh e`j vhjbr

@a jh s`muaeh ldthe e`j sdmjb ^D^, jh `sku`jh a`bkjèsdkh prbpusb jh t`brìh sugo`tdvh e`j

vhjbr. Jh r`hjdzhkdûa e` trhghob dgh `akhldaheh h kugrdr jhs a`k`sdehe`s. Jbs pdjhr`s e` edknh

t`brìh `rha a`k`sdehe, gd`a`s y s`rvdkdbs. Jhs a`k`sdehe`s `rha shtdsf`knhs h trhväs e` jbs gd`a`s,

kblb bgo`tbs lht`rdhj`s, y jbs s`rvdkdbs kblb gd`a`s dalht`rdhj`s ` dathamdgj`s. [d jhs

a`k`sdehe`s `sthgha kugd`rths, nhgrìh ua gd`a`sthr p`rsbahj shtdsfhktbrdb.

U`ad`aeb `a ku`ath jb hat`rdbr pbe`lbs daedkhr qu` jh ht`akdûa ebldkdjdhrdh nh sdeb ua

s`rvdkdb qu` s` nh eheb e` lha`rh dafbrlhj e`se` sdmjbs phshebs. Kblb s`rvdkdb shadthrdb fu`

abrlhjdzheb, l`edhat` `j WE 83;3/7336, `a jh khrt`rh e` s`rvdkdbs kblua`s e`j [dst`lh

 Ahkdbahj e` [hjue.

@j `atbrab pu`e` e`skrdgdrs` e`se` edf`r`at`s p`rsp`ktdvhs. @a `sth bkhsdûa, jh

e`skrdpkdûa e`j `atbrab s` nh hgbreheb h phrtdr e` jh edskdpjdah `kbaûldkh, ghob jh t`brìh

sugo`tdvh e`j vhjbr, r`jhkdbahaeb `j prbv``ebr-kjd`at` s`mÿa jh Hm`akdh e` Hutbkudehebs, jb qu`

kr`h edf`r`at`s sdtuhkdba`s qu` r`jhkdbaèaebs` pbsdgdjdth jh fbrlhjdzhkdûa e` jh ht`akdûa

ebldkdjdhrdh Y KDUHUDBA Tvb86 Zj 4776 \

Kbafbrl` h jbs hat`rdbr pbe`lbs daf`rdr sda eueh hjmuah uah e` jhs l`edehs lès

hpjdkhehs `a au`strh hktuhjdehe kba jb vdvdeb kba jh phae`ldh e`j Kbvde ‛ 84, kbavdrtdäaebs` `a

uab e` jbs s`rvdkdbs lès sbjdkdthebs `a jhs edf`r`at`s @S[, y btrbs `at`s e` shjue, kba `j

 prbpûsdtb e` ehr e` lha`rh bpbrtuadehe jh ht`akdûa y lha`ob e` jbs phkd`at`s daf`kthebs kba
 

edknb vdrus b kba sdatblhtbjbmìhs r`jhkdbahehs, y e` `sth lha`rh `sthaeb de`atdfdkhebs ehrj`s `j

lha`ob de`hj `vdthaeb e` `st` lbeb `j kbathmdb e` btrhs p`rsbahs, khg` r`shjthr qu` `j s`rvdkdb

Ebldkdjdhrdb thlgdäa nhk` usb e` jh t`kabjbmìh y e`p`aed`aeb e` jbs khsbs h trhthr pu`e`a

hpjdkhr jh ‚t`j`kbasujth“ mhrhatdzhaeb `j s`rvdkdb `a td`lpb r`hj p`rb kba jhs l`edehs e`

hutbkudeheb phrh tbeb `j p`rsbahj `a [hjue.

Lbe`jbs y t`brìhs e` `af`rl`rìh kbluadthrdh

Jh kd`akdh e` jh `af`rl`rìh s` e`rdvû prdakdphjl`at` e` jhs kd`akdhs sbkdhj`s, gdbjûmdkhs y

läedkhs h phrtdr e` jbs høbs 63, e`j

e` j sdmjb ^^ ua aÿl`rb lhybr e` prbf`sdbahj`s s`

e`edkû h e`shrrbjjhr lbe`jbs e` `af`rl`rìh, qu` grdaeha jhs ghs`s phrh `jhgbrhr t`brìhs y hvhazhr 

`a `j kbabkdld`atb e` jh prbf`sdûa.

Fjbr`ak` Admntdamhj` dadkdû su dastrukkdûa kblb `af`rl`rh `a 8>08 `a Ihds`rw`rtn,

Hj`lhadh, su `xp`rd`akdh `a `j trhtb kba sbjehebs `af`rlbs y n`rdebs eurhat` jh Mu`rrh

e` Krdl`h, dafjuyû
dafjuyû `abrl`l`at` `a su fdjbsbfìh e` jh `af`rl`rìh. Fbrlujû sus de`hs y vhjbr`s

mrhkdhs h jbs høbs e` trhghob khrdthtdvb `a `af`rl`rìhs nbspdthjhrdhs y ldjdthr`s. @s

kbasde`rheh kblb jh
jh prdl`rh t`ûrdkh e` `af`rl`rìh, jh dafbrlhkdûa qu` s` nh bgt`adeb hk`rkh e`

su t`brìh nh sdeb h trhväs e` jh dat`rpr`thkdûa e` sus `skrdtbsY KDUHUDBA Obs87 Zj 4776 \.

Hpjdkhaeb jh t`brìh hat`rdbr r`sp`ktb hj Kbvde-84 y jh r`jhkdûa qu` muhreh kba `j prby`ktb

e` dav`stdmhkdûa, gd`a kblpr`ae`lbs qu` `j p`rsbahj `a shjue `a `st` khsb `j èr`h e` `af`rl`rìh

 guskh hpjdkhr jh t`brìh lès r`j`vhat` s`mÿa `j khlpb `a `j qu` s` `aku`atr`, kblb n`lbs pbedeb
pbe deb

bgs`rvhr jh phae`ldh nh tblheb jbs edf`r`at`s `atbrabs, thatb `j èr`h hsdst`akdhj e` Nbspdthj`s

kblb `j hlgujhtbrdb `a kheh uab e` jbs nbmhr`s hf`kthebs, y `vde`at`l`at` s` nha vdstb

hf`kthehs kbluadehe`s kblpj`ths, pbr jb hat`rdbr khg` hkjhrhr qu` jhs t`brìhs ab hyuehrha h
 

r`sbjv`r tbebs jbs prbgj`lhs suskdthebs `a kheh uah e` `sths èr`hs, sdab fhkdjdthrh `j

`at`aedld`atb e` hjmuabs hsp`ktbs e` jh prèktdkh e`shrrbjjheh.

Lhrkb J`mhj

J`y 833 e` 844; ‛ Ldadst`rdb e` [hjue

@j [dst`lh e` [`murdehe [bkdhj Dat`mrhj `s `j kbaouatb hrlûadkb e` abrlhs y

 prbk`edld`atbs e` `atdehe`s pÿgjdkhs y prdvhehs, kbafbrlheb pbr r`mìl`a`s m`a`rhj`s

`sthgj`kdebs phrh? [dst`lh M`a`rhj e` S`asdba`s, [dst`lh M`a`rhj e` Wd`smbs Srbf`sdbahj`s

y [dst`lh M`a`rhj e` [`murdehe [bkdhj `a [hjue.

Wuths Dat`mrhj`s e` Ht`akdûa `a [hjue ‛ WDH[ W`sbjukdûa ;737 oujdb/86

  Jhs Wuths Dat`mrhj`s e` Ht`akdûa `a [hjue ‛ WDH[, td`a`a kblb bgo`tdvb mhrhatdzhr jh

ht`akdûa dat`mrhj `a shjue h jhs p`rsbahs, fhldjdhs y kbluadehe`s h phrtdr e` dat`rv`akdba`s e`

vhjbrhkdûa dat`mrhj, e`t`kkdûa t`lprhah, prbt`kkdûa `sp`kìfdkh, edhmaûstdkb, trhthld`atb,

r`nhgdjdthkdûa, phjdhkdûa y `eukhkdûa phrh jh shjue, dat`mrhaeb jbs hm`at`s e`j [dst`lh e` [hjue

(t`rrdtbrdb, hs`murhebr, pr`sthebr) y e` btrbs s`ktbr`s. (Ldadst`rdb e` shjue y e` jh

jh prbt`kkdûa

sbkdhj).

Kdrkujhr `xt`rah A³3333384 e` 7373 ‛ E`t`akdûa t`lprhah [HW[ KbV 7 / KBVDE

84

[bkdhj , kblb ûrmhab r`ktbr e`j s`ktbr shjue,

@j Ldadst`rdb e` [hjue y Srbt`kkdûa [bkdhj, shjue , `akhrmheb e` su

edr`kkdûa, br d`athkdûa y kbaeukkdûa,

kbaeukkdûa, e` kbafbrldehe kba jb `sthgj`kdeb
`sthgj`kdeb `a `j hrtdkujb 5 e` jh J`y 85;>
85;> e`

7388 y `a `j lhrkb e` jhs kblp`t`akdhs e` bre`a j`mhj

j`mhj, phrtdkujhrl`at` jhs pr`vdsths
pr`vdsths `a `j E`kr`tb - J`y

583= e` 7388,
7388, lbedfdkheb pbr
pbr `j E`kr`tb
E`kr`tb 7067 e` 7387
7387,, ht`aed`aeb hj e`kr`tb 50= e` 7373 " pbr `j kuhj
 

s` dlphrt`a dastrukkdba`s 
dastrukkdba`s e` jh `l`rm`akdh shadthr dh m`a`rheh pbr jh phae`ldh e`j Kbrbahvdrus KBVD E-

84 y `j 
`j lhat`adld`atb e`j bre`a pÿgjdkb"
pÿgjdkb".

W`sbjukdûa 078 e` 7373

@xp`edeh pbr Ldadst`rdb e` [hjue y Srbt`kkdûa [bkdhj ‚Sbr jh kuhj s` hebpth `j

 prbk`edld`atb phrh jh ht`akdûa hlgujhtbrdh e` pbgjhkdûa `a hdsjhld`atb pr`v`atdvb

pr`v` atdvb bgjdmhtbrdb

kba äafhsds `a pbgjhkdûa kba =3 høbs b lès b kbaedkdba`s krûadkhs e` ghs` b

daluabsupr`sdûa pbr `af`rl`ehe b ttrhthld`atb,

rhthld`atb, eurhat` jh `l`rm`akdh shadthrdh pbr Kbvde-

84“YKDUHUDBA Lda8 Zj 4776 \

Kdrkujhr 8> e` 7373

@xp`edeh `atr` Ldadst`rdb e` trhghob, E`phrthl`atb Heldadstrhtdvb e` jh Fuakdûa

Sÿgjdkh y Ldadst`rdb e` [hjue y Srbt`kkdûa [bkdhj ‚Hkkdba`s e` kbat`akdûa hat` `j KBVDE-84 y

jh pr`v`akdûa e` `af`rl`ehe`s hsbkdhehs hj prdl`r pdkb `pde`ldbjûmdkb e` `af`rl`ehe`s

r`spdrhtbrdhs“Y KDUHUDBA Lda738 Zj 4776 \

 

W@F@W@AKDH[
Ham`jh F`rahaeh @spdabsh Hrhazhj`s. (85 e` Hgrdj e` 7373). Padv`rsdehe e`j Wbshrdb. Bgt`adeb e`
www.urbshrdb.`eu.kb/S`rdbedkb-Ab
www.urbshrdb.`eu.kb/S`rdbedkb-Abvh@tV`t`rh/[hjue/
vh@tV`t`rh/[hjue/@j-rbj-e`-jh-`af
@j-rbj-e`-jh-`af`rl`rdh-`a-jh-phae
`rl`rdh-`a-jh-phae`ldh-
`ldh-
e`j-KBVDE-8/

Kbjl`ahr`s, O. (7387). LBE@JB[ T U@BWDH[ E@ @AF@WL@WDH KBLPADUHWDH.  @af`rl`rìh Kbluadthrdh DD.

Kbrba`j, O. H. (7373). @J @[UHEB @A UD@LSB[ E@ KBVDE-84? AP@VB[ @[K@AHWDB[

@[K@AHWDB[,, U@AE@AKDH[ T
S@W[S@KUDVH[ HAÈJD[D[ E@[E@ JH W@HJDEHE JHUDAB-HL@WDKHAH. W`vdsth Wurhj & Prghab.
W`kdf`. v. 30, a. 37, , 6=->;. Bgt`adeb e`
nps?//p`rdbedkbs.ufp`.gr/
nps?//p`rd bedkbs.ufp`.gr/r`vdsths/rurhjurghab/
r`vdsths/rurhjurghab/hrkj`/ebwajbhe/
hrkj`/ebwajbhe/7565>8/;64=6
7565>8/;64=6

Kuzh, D. M., & Jhuzèa, T. [. (36 e` Oujdb e` 7373). Gbj`a Kd`akb e`j Kdl`q. Bgt`adeb e`
nps?//dastukdba`s.sje.ku
nps?//dastu kdba`s.sje.ku/gbjkdl`q/7373/
/gbjkdl`q/7373/3=/36/r`j`vhakdh
3=/36/r`j`vhakdh-e`-jh-t`brdh-e`j-e
-e`-jh-t`brdh-e`j-e`kdt-e`-
`kdt-e`-
hutbkudeheb-`a-jh-kbvde-84/

Eblìamu`z, Obhquda Hjghrrèa. (7373). Kblpba`at` krdkb `a jhs `strht`mdhs e` ht`akdba läedkh,
pr`v`akdba y kbatrbj e` jh phae`ldh e` KBVDE -84. @eukhkdba L`edkh [up`rdbr e` jh Nhghah , 8-
0.

@sphøbj, L. B. (7385). Hdsjhld`atb y Shtbjbmìh Dan`r`at`. W`vdsth H`qudths.

Dastutb Ahkdbahj e` [hjue . (85 e` Abvd`lgr` e` 7373). Bgt`adeb e` Dastutb Ahkdbahj e` [hjue ?
np?//www.das.mbv.kb/Abkdhs
np?//www.das.mbv.kb/Abkdhs/Shmdahs/Kbrbahvdru
/Shmdahs/Kbrbahvdrus.hspx
s.hspx

jh W`e Luaedhj e` Sr`v`akdûa y Kbatrbj e` Daf`kkdba`s e` jh BL[. (87 e` Hmbstb e` 7373). Brmhadzhkdûa
Luaedhj e` jh [hjue. Bgt`adeb e` Brmhadzhkdûa Luaedhj e` jh [hjue?
nps?//hpps.wnb.dat/drds/gd
nps?//hpps.wnb.dat/drds/gdtstr`hl/nhaej`/83660/
tstr`hl/nhaej`/83660/;;;46=/]NB-7384-aKbV-DSK
;;;46=/]NB-7384-aKbV-DSK-Nbl`Khr`-
-Nbl`Khr`-
7373.5-sph.pef2s`qu`ak`<8&dsHjjbw`e<y

Ldadst`rdb e` [hjue y Srbt`kkdba [bkdhj. (86 e` Lhrzb e` 7373). Ldadst`rdb e` [hjue e` Kbjblgdh.  
Bgt`adeb e` Ldadst`rdb e` [hjue e` Kbjblgdh?
nps?//www.ldashjue.mbv.kb/L
nps?//www.ldas hjue.mbv.kb/Ldadst`rdb/Dastu
dadst`rdb/Dastukdbahj/Srbk`sbs%7
kdbahj/Srbk`sbs%73y
3y
%73prbk`edld`atbs/MDS[36.pef 

Ldadst`rdb e` [hjue y Srbt`kkdba [bkdhj . (7> e` lhrzb e` 7373). Ldadst`rdb e` [hjue y Srbt`kkdba [bkdhj -
W`pugjdkh e` Kbjblgdh.  Bgt`adeb e` Ldadst`rdb e` [hjue y Srbt`kkdba [bkdhj - W`pugjdkh e`
Kbjblgdh? nps?//www.ldashjue.mbv.kb/WD
nps?//www.ldashjue.mbv.kb/WDE/r`sbjukdba-07
E/r`sbjukdba-078-e`-7373.pef 
8-e`-7373.pef 

Brmhadzhkdûa Luaedhj e` jh [hjue . (87 e` Edkd`lgr` e` 7384). Brmhadzhkdûa Luaedhj e` jh [hjue .

Bgt`adeb e` nps?//www.wnb.dat/`s/`l`
nps?//www.wnb.dat/`s/`l`rm`akd`s/eds`hs
rm`akd`s/eds`hs`s/abv`j-kbrba
`s/abv`j-kbrbahvdrus-7384/hevdk`
hvdrus-7384/hevdk`--

fbr-pugjdk/q-h-kbrbahvdrus`s
 

Sby, T. W., & Ghthjjh, L. F. (7386). [kd@JB Hahjyks. [kd@JB Hahjyks.

Sugjdkh, L. e. (83 e` Lhrzb e` 7373). Ldaadst`rdb e` [hjue y Srbt`kkdba [bkdhj. Bgt`adeb e`

nps?//www.fuakdbapugjdkh.
nps?//www.fua kdbapugjdkh.mbv.kb/ebkul`
mbv.kb/ebkul`ats/58>0;=/6863;>/Kdrkujhr-`
ats/58>0;=/6863;>/Kdrkujhr-`xt`rah-338>-7373-
xt`rah-338>-7373-
hkkdba`s-kbat`akdba-kbrbahv
hkkdba`s-kbat `akdba-kbrbahvdrus.pef/47kke3g5-k
drus.pef/47kke3g5-k>70->``g-h74k->4406e8=k>3g2
>70->``g-h74k->4406e8=k>3g2
t<80>;>=360>663

Whab, L. @. (70 e` [`p`lgr` e` 7373). Kbak`ptb.e`. Bgt`adeb e` Kbak`ptb.e`?

Kbak`ptb.e`?
nps?//kbak`ptb.e`/pbgjh
nps?//kbak `ptb.e`/pbgjhkdba/#dxzz6g3OspM
kdba/#dxzz6g3OspMS[
S[

[dmadkhebs.kbl. (85 e` Abvd`lgr` e` 7384). [dmadkhebs.kbl. Bgt`adeb e`

[dmadkhebs.kbl.
nps?//www.sdmadkhebs.kbl/`strht`mdh/

Ur`vdøb, O. M. (80 e` Abvd`lgr` e` 7373). np?//www.e`kndj`.a`t/ . Bgt`adeb e`

np?//`lbjbmdhs.e`kndj`.a
np?//`lbjb mdhs.e`kndj`.a`t/2kbathmdb
`t/2kbathmdb

Przÿh, H., V`rh, S., & Khqu`b, H. (7373). Jh Ssdkbjbmìh `a jh pr`v`akdûa y lha`ob e`j KBVDE-84. U`rhpdh
Ssdkbjbmìkh .

V`mh, O. L. (7373). U`brìhs e` kbaspdrhkdûa y e`sdafbrlhkdûa

e`sdafbrlhkdûa `a tbrab h jh `pde`ldh e` jh KBVDE-84.
Bgt`adeb e` nps?//r`vdsths.upkn.`eu
nps?//r`vdsths.upkn.`eu.p`/dae`x.pn
.p`/dae`x.pnp/WAS/hrkj`/
p/WAS/hrkj`/ebwajbhe/;=47/57=7
ebwajbhe/;=47/57=7
 

HSÄAEDK@[
Kbrpbrhkdûa uadv`rsdthrdh Ldautb e` Edbs -PADLDAPUB
Shrqu` Kd`atìfdkb e` Daabvhkdûa sbkdhj
Edr`kkdûa e` dav`stdmhkdûa
Jìa`hs e` dav`stdmhkdûa vdm`at`s `a PADLDAPUB
Jìa`h e` dav`stdmhkdûa
M`stdûa sbkdhj, phrtdkdphkdûa u e`shrrbjjb kbluadthrdb.
  U`lhs kblb jh kbprbeukkdûa e` kbabkdld`atb kba jhs kbluadehe`s, jh phrtdkdphkdûa hktdvh

e` `sths `a jh gÿsqu`eh y kbastrukkdûa e` jhs sbjukdba`s h jbs prbgj`lhs qu` kbafrbatha, jh

m`stdûa sbkdhj e`j e`shrrbjjb, `j `lpbe`rhld`atb e` jhs kbluadehe`s e` ghs`, hsì kblb e` jh

 prbpdh kbluadehe `eukhtdvh sba r`j`vhat`s phrh

ph rh `sth jìa`h.

[ugjìa`h
*E`shrrbjjb brmhadzhkdbahj
 

HA@^B[
Uhgjh8.
 Dastrul`atb e` W`kbj`kkdûa e` Dafbrlhkdûa

@AKP@[UH KBVDE-84
L@EDLH[ @S[
ABWU@ E@ [HAUHAE@W 

EHUB[ E@J @AKP@[UHEB

ABLGW@?
EBKPL@AUB E@ DE@AUDEHE?
F@KNH E@ AHKDLD@AUB?
A³ UÄJ@FBADKB?
EDW@KKDÛA?
WÄMDL@A?
HPUBWD_HKDÛA UWHUHLD@AUB E@ EHUB[
Ubeh jh dafbrlhkdûa s` r`kbm` kba fda`s `strdkthl`at` e` dat`räs pÿgjdkb hat` jh sdtuhkdûa
e`kr`theh pbr jhs Hutbrdehe`s Sÿgjdkhs, phrh prbt`m`r y shjvhmuhrehr ua dat`räs `s`akdhj
 phrh jh vdeh e` jhs p`rsbahs, `a kbas`ku`akdh,
kb as`ku`akdh, hutbrdzb h L@EDLH[ @S[ [.H.[, phrh `j
lha`ob e` jh dafbrlhkdûa hpbrtheh `a `sth hutb`vhjuhkdûa e` sìatblhs KBVDE-84 kba `j
 prbpûsdtb e` e`shrrbjjhr hkkdba`s qu`
qu ` p`rldtha kbabk`r `j adv`j e` shtdsfhkkdûa e` jh ruth
e` ht`akdûa läedkh jh kuhj nh v`adeb pr`sthaeb jbs s`rvdkdbs ebldkdjdhrdbs hkbre` kba jb
abrlheb pbr `j Ldadst`rdb e` [hjue y jhs e`lès hutbrdehe`s kblp`t`at`s.
²Hutbrdzû trhthld`atb e` ehtbs2 [D AB
EHUB[ E@ PGDKHKDÛA
²Nh p`rlha`kdeb `a tbthj hdsjhld`atb [D AB
t`ad`aeb `a ku`ath qu` `s phkd`at` pbsdtdvb
 phrh
²VdhoûKBVDE-842
h btrb Luadkdpdb `a jbs ÿjtdlbs 85   [D AB
eìhs2
²@s trhghohebr `a `j èr`h e` jh shjue2   [D AB
DAFBWLHKDÛA L@EDKB H[D[U@AKDHJ
²[d`at`s qu` nhs e`oheb e` p`rkdgdr bjbr`s   [D AB
y/b shgbr`s2
²Ud`a` b nh t`adeb fd`gr` lhybr b dmuhj h   [D AB
;> mrhebs k`atìmrhebs2
²U` nhs tblheb jh t`lp`rhturh kba ua   [D AB
t`rlûl`trb2
[d t` l`edst` jh t`lp`rhturh kba ua W`sujtheb Mrhebs k`atìmrhebs
t`rlûl`trb, daedkhr `j r`sujtheb.
²Jh tblh e` lu`strh phrh jh e`t`akdûa e` [D AB
 

KBVDE-84 y `atr`mh e` r`sujthebs fu`

r`hjdzheh bpbrtuahl`at`2
²Jh `atr`mh e` l`edkhl`atbs s` `stè   [D AB
r`hjdzhaeb bpbrtuahl`at`2
²W`kd`at`l`at` j` nh sdeb hpjdkheh vhkuah   [D AB
kbatrh jh dafju`azh2
²Jh @S[ r`hjdzh s`mudld`atb y r`mdstrb e`   [D AB
sdatblhtbjbmìh `a jh fhs` e` hdsjhld`atb
 pr`v`atdvb pbr 85 eìhs2
²[` sd`at` shtdsf`knb kba jh ht`akdûa   [D AB
läedkh ebldkdjdhrdh b pbr t`j`kbasujth
suldadstrheh2
²Sr`s`ath hjmuah e` jhs sdmud`at`s `af`rl`ehe`s2
  @af`rl`ehe pujlbahr bgstruktdvh krûadkh
Ndp`rt`asdba Hrt`rdhj
  Edhg`t`s
  Kèak`r 
  Hrtrdtds W`ulhtbde`
  @af`rl`ehe W`ahj Krbadkh
   VDN
Urhspjhathebs
  Hslh
  Hj`rmdhs r`spdrhtbrdhs
 [d pr`s`ath sdatblhs e` hjhrlh s` hktdvhrh jh r`sp`ktdvh ruth e` ht`akdûa
h t`akdûa `sthgj`kdeh.
LPKNH[ MWHKDH[.

Abth? `aku`sth kbvde-84 r`hjdzheh h jbs usuhrdbs e` L`edlès @S[ `a Abrt` e` [hathae`r9
kr`hkdûa prbpdh.