Theme 2: Organic Chemistry

Chapter l Carbon Compound

Sebatian Karbon

Paper 1/Kertas 7
Types of Carbon Compoundsl
SiriHomolog

I Diagram 1 shows a beaker containing two layers 3 \Atrich of the following is the structural formula
ofsubstances. of ethyl propanoate?
Rajah 1 menunjukkan sebuah bikar yang Antara yang berikut, yang manakah formula
mengandungi dua lapisan bahan. struktur bagi etil propanoat?
Ao
il

cH3-c-o-cHr-cH2-cH3
Substance X
Bahan X BO
il
cH3 - cH2- c - o - cH2- cH2- cH2- cH3
Water
Air
C o
il

Diagram l/ Rajah I CH, -cHr-cHr-c-o-cHr-cH3

What is substance X?
ApakahbahanX? Do
A Hexane C Ethanoic acid il

Heksana Asid etanoik cH3-cH2-c-o-cH2-cH3

B Butanol D Methanoic acid
Butanol Asid metanoik Table 1 shows the physical state of two alkenes.
Iadual 1 menunjukkan keadaan fizikal bagi dua
\Mhich carbon compounds are saturated alkena.
hydrocarbons? AIkene Physical state at room temperature
Sebatian karbon yang manakah merupakan
hidrokarbon tepu?
Alkena Ke ada, an fi zikal p ad a suhu bilik
Ethene Gas
I Ethene
Etena Gas
Etena
II Ethane Hexene Liquid
Heksena Cecair
Etana
III Ethanol Tablell lad.ual 1
Etanol
IV Hexane
Ethene and hexene are members in the
homologous series of alkenes.
Heksana
A IandII 'vVhich statement describes the different
physical states at room temperature?
I danII
Etena dan heksena merupakan ahli dalam siri
B I and III homologalkena.
I danIII P er ny at aan y an g ruanakah m en er angkan ke a daan
C II and IV
fizikal yang berbeza pada suhu bilik tersebut?
II danIV A The molecular size of ethene is smaller than
D III and IV that ofhexene
III danIV Saiz molekul etena lebih kecil daripada saiz
molekul heksena

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 8Di
The electrostatic attractive forces between ProcessX Catalyst Y of
ethene particles are weaker ProsesX MangkinY Rt
Daya tirikan elektrostatik antara zarah etena SE
lebihlemah A. Oxidation Vanadium(V) oxide
Pengoksidaan Vanadiurn(V) oksida t
Ethene molecules absorb less heat energy
than hexene Oxidation Manganese(IV) oxide
I

Molekul etena nxenyerap kurang tenaga haba Pengoksidaan Mangan(IV) oksida L

b erb anding dengan molekul heks en a

Less heat energy is required to overcome C Concentrated

Hydration
the weaker attractive forces between ethene phosphoric acid
Penghidratan
molecules Asidfosforik pekat
Kurang tenage haba diperlukan untuk Nickel
mengitasi daya tarikan yang lebih lemah D Hydration
Penghidratan Nikel
antara molekul etena
rvl

The following molecular formula belongs to a 7 Diagram 3 shows the reactions invoMng ethanol' A
natural plant hormone called ethylene. Aaiah 3 menuniukkan tindak balas yang
Formula molekul berikut merupakan suatu melibatkan etanol.
hormon semula jadi tumbuhan yang disebut
etilena. Acidified KMnOn
Dehvdration Ethanol solution
Y
Etanol LarutanKMnO,
This hormone is normally produced in small
'*Er*r***" berasid
quantities by most fruits and vegetables which
affects the growth of plants and ripening of fruits' Diagram 3l RaiahS
r//hich of the following compounds has the t'A4rat are Xand Y?
same functional grouP as ethYlene? ApakahXdanY?
Hormon ini biasanya dihasilkan dalam kuantiti
kecil oleh kebanyakan buah-buahan dan sayur-
9,l
(
sayure.n yang mempengaruhi tumbesaran
tumbuhan dan kematqngan buah-buahan. HHH
a s eb atian b erikut, y ang manakah memp uny ai
Antar lll (

kumpulan berfungsi yang sama seperti etilena? HH H-C-C-C_H 1

A C.H,, c coHr2o ll lll

B cnH,u D c2H4o2 H-C:C-H OHH
I

/\
(Z.ll Chemical Properties and lnterconversion
H
*' of Compounds between Homologous
I Series I Sifat Kimia dan Saling Pertukaran HH HO
' Sebatian antara Siri Homolog ll lll
H_C_C_H H_C-C-OH
ll I

6 Diagram 2 shows the conversion of propene HH H

into propanol through processXin the presence
of catalyst Y.
HO l0
Raj ah 2' menunj ukkan p ertukaran p r o p ena lcep ada
X dengan lcehadiran HH lll
prbpanol rnelalui proses H_C-C-OH
mangkinY.
ll
H-C=C-H I

H
Process X
Propene Proses X Propanol
Propena Catalyst Y
Propanol HH
ManglcinY HH ll
ll H-C-C-H
H-C-C_H II
Diagram?/ Raiah2 ll OH
HH t

lVhat are process Xand catalYst 1? H

Apakah proses X dan manglcin Y?

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 Diagram 4 shows a flow chart of the conversions 2,2-dibromobutane
of an organic compound. 2,2-dibromobutana
Rajah 4 menunjukkan carta alir pertukaran suatu 2,3-dibromobutane
sebatian organik. 2,3-dibromobutana
I 2,3-dibromobutene
l.I I
I rtr,u"" Ethene
ercna
l-\l etrrarot I
2,3-dibromobutena
2,2-dibromobutene
letanal I I lttanorl 2,2-dibromobutena
I rrr
Y
ll The following chemical equation shows a
reaction ofethanol.
Persamaan. kimia berikut menuniukkcm suatu
tindalc balas bagi etanol.
Diagram4/ Rajah4
What are reactions I, II and III?
C,H.OH(l/ce) -+ C,u,,(B) + H,O(llce)
Apakah tindak balas I, II dan III?
What is the reagent used for this reaction?
I II III Apakah reagen yang digunalcan untuk tindak
balas ini?
Hydrogenation Hydration Oxidation
Penghidrogenar, Penghidratan Pengoksidaan A Steam
Stim
Hydrogenation Oxidation Dehydration
Penghidrogenar, Pengoksidaan Pendehidratan
B Alumina
Alumina
Oxidation Hydration Dehydration C Acidifiedpotassiumdichromate(VI)
Pengolcsidaan Penghidratan Pendehi.dratan Kalium dikromat(W) berasid
D
Hydration Hydrogenation Oxidation D Acidifiedpotassiummanganate(VII)
Penghidratan Penghidrog,enar, Pengoksidaan Kctlittm m an gan at ( VII ) b er a sid
!

9 \l/hen mixture of butan-1-ol and concentrated

a i2.4', lsomers and Naming Based on IUPAC
sulphuric acid is heated, gas X is produced. Nomenclature
The structural formula of butan-1-ol is
cHroHCHrCHrCH3.
Which of the following is the molecular l2 Which of the following is an isomer of hexane?
structure ofX? Antara yang berilcut, yang manalcah isomer bagi
Apabila campuran butan-l-ol, dan asid heksana?
sulfurik pekat dipanaskan, gas X terhasil. Formula
str uktur b agi b utan - 1 - o I ial ah C H rO H C H rC H rC H r.
A HHHH HH
Antara yang berikut, yang manakah formula
tltl tt
struktur bagi X?
H-C-C-C_C -C-C-H
rttl tl
A CH3CH - CHCH3 HHHH HH
B CH3CH = C(CH,),
C CH,CH,CH = CH, H
D (CHr)TCUCH = CH,
I

H-C-H
Hln
l0 Diagram represents a reaction of a compound.
5
rlr
Rajah 5 mewakili tindakbalas bagi suatu sebatian. H- C-C_C-
HHHH
rlr
HIH
tttt
H-C-C-C-C-H + Br, -) Y
H_C-H
I

I I H
H H HHH HHH
Dtagram 5/ Rajah 5 ttt ttt _H
H- C-C-C -C-C_C
Which of the following is the name of compound ttr ttt
w BrBrH HHH
Antara yang berikut, yang manakah nama bagi
sebatianY?

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 DH l5 Diagram 6 shows the structural formula of an
li
ll irlit
I organic compound.
H-C-H Rajah 6 menunjukkan formula struktur suatu 'l
'i
HlnH sebatian organik.
rlrr CH.
H_C_C_C_C_H
llll I

HHHH cH3-cH- cH - cH3

I

CH.
l3 \Mhich statement is true about isomers?
Pernyataan yang manakah benar tentang isomer? Diagram0/ Rajah6
A Have the same density
Mempunyai ketumpatan yang sama What is the name of the organic compound? It I

Apakah nama sebatian organik tersebut?

B Have the same boiling point
A rz-hexane
Mempunyai takat didihyang safi7a
n-heksana
C Undergo the same chemical reactions
B 2,2-methylbutane
Menj alani tindak balas kimia yang sama
2,2-metilbutana
D Have the same physical state at any
C 2,3-dimethylbutane
temperatures
2,3-dimetilbutana
Mempunyai keadaan fizikal yang sama pada
sebarang suhu
D 1,3-dimethylpropane
1,3-dimetilpropana

l4 \tfhich of the following is the structural formula l6 Diagram 7 shows the structural formula of an
of 2-methylbut-2-ene? alkene.
Antara yang berikut, yang manakah formula Rajah 7 menunjukkan formula struktur suatu
str uktur b agi 2 - metilb ut- 2 - ena? alkena.
AH HH H
H_C_H
I
ttl
H-C=C-C=C-H
HIHH
rlrr ,i
H-C-C-C_C_H
ll DiagramT/ RajahT
HH lVhat is the name and use of the alkene?
Apakah nama dan kegunaan alkena tersebut?
BHHHH
ttll Name Use
H_C_C_C_C_H Nama Kegunaan
tl
HH A Butane Manufacture tyres
CH Butanq Membuat tayar
I

H-C-H But-1,3-diene Manufacture tyres

HlnH But-1,3,diena Membuat tayar
rlrl
H-C-C_C-C_H But-1,3-diene As cooking gas
tt But-1,S,diena Sebagai gas memasak
HH D Butene As cooking gas
D H Butena Sebagaigasmemasak
I

H-C-H
HIH
rlr
H-C-C-C-H
ttl
HIH I

H-C-H
I

"H
\22
Paper 2/ Kertas 2
Section A,I Bahaaian A

Homologous Series
Siri Homolog

Chemical Properties and lnterconversion of Compounds between Homologous Series

Sifot Kimio dan Saling Pertukaran Sebatian antaro Siri Homolog

I Diagram 1 shows several chemical properties of propene.

Rajah 1 menunjukkan beberapa sifut kimia propena.

Process I
Proses I CO, + water
COr+ air

Process II
Proses II

Dtagram ll Rajahl
(a) Propene can be converted into propane through process I.
Propena boleh ditukarkan kepada propana melalui proses I.
(i) \tVhat is process I?
Apakah proses I?

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(ii) State the required conditions in this conversion.
Nyatakan keadaanyang diperlukan dalam pertukaran ini.

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(iii) Describe briefly a chemical test to differentiate between propene and propane @ffiG
Huraikan secara ringkas satu ujian kimia untuk membezakan antara propena dengan propana.

12markslmarkah)

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(b) 200 cm3 of propene gas is burnt completely in air to produce carbon dioxide
gas and water' 2D
= 6'02 x 1023]
constant R,
room temperature; Avogadro
[1 mole of gas occuples 24 000 cm3 at
200 cmt gas propena terliiar aengan lengkap- d_i idqra untuk minghasilkan gas kqrbon diolcsida dan air'
tihu'bittk; Pemalar Auogadro = 6.02 x 1G3l
tl ;ol g;s menempati 24 000 cnf iado
(i) write abalanced chemical equation for the combustion process'
Tulis persamaan kimia seimbang untuk proses pembakaran tersebut'

12markslmarkahl
(ii) Determine the number of carbon dioxide molecules produced. GmF-ffi
Tentukan bilangan molekul karbon diolcsida yang terhasil'

12mark,slmarkahl

(c) (i) Name process II.

Namakan Proses II.

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(ii) Draw the apparatus set-up used to carry out process II' mffiivh*.
Lukis susuian radas yang digunakan untuk menjalankan proses IL

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Diagram 2 shows several reactions involving compound S.
Rajah 2 menunjukkan beberapa tindak balas yang melibatkan sebatian S.

Ethanoic acid
Asid etanoik

Diagram 2/ Rajah2
(a) Compound S and ethanoic acid are members of different homologous series,
Sebatian S dan asid etanoik merupakan ahli dalam siri homologyang berlainan.
(i) Name the homologous series of
Namakan siri homolog bagi

compound S/ sebatianS:

ethanoic acid/ asid etanoik:

12marks/markahl
(ii) Name the functional group of compound S.
Namakan kumpulan berfungsi bagi sebatian S.

llmarklmarkahl
(iii) Name the reagent used in process Q.
Namakan reagen yang digunakan dalam proses Q.

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(iv) State the colour change of the reagent used in Z(aXiii).
Nyatakan perubahan warna reagenyang digunakan di 2(a)(iii).

[lmark/markahl
(v) Write a chemical equation for the reaction between ethanoic acid and magnesium.
Tulis persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas antara asid etanoik dengan magnesium.

[2markslmarkahl

(b) In process R, chemical M and catalyst I are mixed with compound S to produce ethyl propanoate.
The mixture is then heated for a period of time.
Dalam proses R, bahan kimia M dan mangkin L dicampurkan dengan sebatian S untuk menghasilkan etil
propanoat. Campuran itu kernudian dipanaskan untuk suatu tempoh masa.
(i) Name chemical M and catalyst I.
Namakan bahan kimia M dan mangkin L.

llmark/markahl

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 (ii) \Mhat is process R?
Apakah proses R?

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(iii) Draw the structural formula of ethyl propanoate.
Lukisformula struktur bagi etil propanoat.

4T
I

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Table 1 shows the molecular formulae of four carbon compounds.
Jadual 1 menunjukkanformula molekul bagi empat sebatian karbon'

Compound Molecular formula

Sebatian Fonnularnolelu,l
A CrHu

B CnH,o

C c4HsoH

D cH3coocH2cHrcH2cH3
Tablel/ lad.ual 1

(a) Write the general formula of the homologous series for compound C.
Tulis formula umunl bagi siri homolog sebatian C.

ll mark/markahl

(b) Name the functional group of compound D.

Namakan kumpulan berfungsi bagi sebatian D.

ll marklmarkahl

(.) Compound C and compound X are reacted in the presence of concentrated sulphuric acid to form
compoundD.
Write the molecular formula of compound X.
Sebatian C dan sebatian X bertindak balas dengan kehadiran asid sulfurik pekat unruk ntembentuk
sebatian D.
Tulisformula molekul bagi sebatian X.

llmark/markahl

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(d) Name the chemical reaction to produce compound B jrom compoundA.
Narnakan tindak balas untuk menghasilkan sebatian B daripada sebatian A.

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(e) Write the chemical equation for the reaction in 3(d)

Tulis p er s amaan kimia b agi tindak b al a s di 3 ( d).

12markslmarkahl

Diagram 3 shows a series of conversion that involves alcohol /.

naiih S menunjukkan satu siri pertukaran yang melibatkan alkohol J'

Process I Process II
Hydrocarbon I Proses I Proses II CompoundK
Hidrokarbon L ------.------.-- Sebatian K
Aro. Reagent P
c3HTcooH
C,H, Reagen P
Heatl Panaskan

Diagram3/ RaiahS

(a) heated and passed through hot alumina to form hydrocarbon I'
' ' Alcohol/is
j
Alkohol d.ipanaskan dan dialirkan melatut slymlna pgnas untuk membentuk hidrokarbon L.
Draw the structural formula of alcohol /' GEEfAe'v'e'
Lukisformula struktur alkohol I.

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(b) Alcohol/undergoes process II to form compound K.

Alkohol J melalui proses II untuk membentuk sebatian K'
(i) Name compoundK.
Namakan sebatian K.

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(ii) State the reagent P used in this reaction.
Nyatakan reagen P yang digunakan dalam tindak balas ini.

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(iii) State the observation if the reagent stated in +(bXii) is used.
Nyatakan pemerhatian iika reagen yang dinyatakan di a(b) (ii) digunakan'

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 (iv) Write a chemical equation for this reaction'
Tulis persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas ini.

12markslmarkahl

(c) Describe briefly a chemical test to differentiate between alcohol/and compound I(' EEEEF*ffi
Huraikan secari ringkas satu ujian kimia untuk membezakan antara alkohol J dengan sebatian K.

12markslmarkah)

Diagram 4 shows the apparatus set-up used in the preparation of_an organic compound.
naiih I menunjukkan siiunan radas yang digunakan dalam penyediaan suatu sebatiaru organik.
Water out
6
Air keluar

Water bath
Kukus air
Glacial ethanoic acid + propanol
+ concentrated sulphuric acid
Asid etanoik glasi6l + ProPanol
+ asid sulfurik pekat

Diagram4/ Raiah4
(a) Why is the water bath used in this experiment?
Mengapakah kukus air digunakan dalam elcsperimen ini?

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(b) (i) State the name of the reaction,

Nyatakan nama tindak b alas ini'

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(i0 What is the role of the concentrated sulphuric acid in this reaction?
Apakah peranan asid sulfurik pekat dalam tindakbalas ini?

[lmark/markah]

(.) (i) Name the homologous series of the compound formed.

Namakan siri homolog bagi sebatian yang terbentuk.

ll mark/markah)

(za
 (i0 Draw the structural formula of the compound formed. Gmffi"-s"
Lukis formula struktur sebatian yang terbentuk.

12marks/markahl

One of the uses of esters in our life is as food flavourings. Diagram 5 shows the structural formula of an
ester used as pineapple flavour in the food processing industry.
Salah satu kegunaan ester dalam kehiduparu kita ialah sebagai perisa makanan, Raiah 5 menuniukkan seienis
ester yang digunakan sebagai perisa nanas dq.lam industri pemprosesan rnakanan.

HHHn
rrt/r
H-C_C-C-C. H H
ttl\ll
H H g o-c-c-H
ll
HH

Dlagram 5/ Rajahi
(a) Name the ester.
N amakan e ster ter s ebut.

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(b) Name two chemicals used to produce the ester.

Namakan daabahan kimiayang digunakan untuk menghasilkan ester tersebut.

12marks/markahl

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 (c) Write a chemical equation for the reaction.
Tulis persamaan kintia bagi tindak balas tersebut,

12marks/markah)

(d) Using the chemicals in 6(c), explain briefly on how to produce the ester in the school
laboratory. CmH*,e
Dengan menggunakan bahan-bahan kimia di 6(c), huraikan secara ringkas tentang cara menghasilkan
ester tersebut di makmal sekolah.

[2markslmarkah]

(e) What is the use of ester other thanas food flavourings? G!fi[AppfiA
Apakah kegunaan ester selain sebagai perisa makanan?

ILmarklmarkah]

7 Diagram 6 shows a series of chemical reactions that starts from butene.

Rajah 6 menunjukkan satu siri tindakbalas kimiayangbermula daripadabutena.

Process I
Proses I
Acidified KrCr rO r solution Concentrated HrS04
Larutan K rCr rO, berasid Process II
II HrSOnpekat
Proses Compound Y
Sebatian Y

Diagram6/ RajahG
Based on Process I,
Berdasarkan Proses I,
(a) (i) write a chemical equation for the reaction.
tulis persarnaan kimia bagi tindak balas tersebut.

[2marks/markah]

(so
 (ii) draw two isomers of butene and name them based on the IUPAC nomenclature.
lukis dua isomer bagi butena d.an namakan isomer-isomer tersebut berdasarkan sistem penamaan IUPAC.

12markslmarkahl
(b) Based on Process II,
Berdasarkan Proses II,
(i) state the observation for the reaction.
nyatakan pemerhatian bagi tindak balas tersebut.

lL marklmarkah)
(i0 write a chemical equation for the reaction.
tulis persamaan kimia bagi tindak bqlqs tersebut.

l2markslmarlcah)

(c) Explain why butene exists as a gas at room temperature while butanol exists as a liquid.
Terangkan mengapa butena wujud sebagai gas pada suhu bilik manakala butanol wujud sebagai
sssqiv. jllifiFffi.tvil

l2markslmarkahl

(d) Butanol reacts with compound Xto produce compound Y.

Butanol bertindak balas dengan sebatian X untuk menghasilkan sebatian Y
(i) Name compound Y.
Namakan sebatianY.

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(ii) Draw the structural formula of compound y. f!?!tffi''fie*
Lukis formula struktur bagi sebatian Y.

lLmarklmarkahl

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 Diagram 7 shows the structural formula of compound Iand comp-ound S.
Rajah 7 menunjukkanformula struktur bagi sebatian T dan sebatian S.

HHHHH HH HHH
lllll ll
H-C=C
tll
_C-C-C_ H
H_C_C-C-C_C_H
trlll ltl
HHH
HHHHH
(d)
Compound Tl SebatianT Compound Sl SebatianS

Diagram 7/ RaiahT

(a) Based on Diagram 7,

Berdasarkan Raiah 7,
(i) what is the homologous series of compound ?
apakah siri homolog bagi sebatian T?

lLmarklmarkahl
(ii) what is the name of compound Tbased on the IUPAC naming system?
apakah nama sebatian T berdasarkan sistem penamaan IUPAC?

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(iii) state one physical property of compound T. i

Nyatakan satu sifutfizik sebatian T.

t,

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(iv) Draw and name an isomer of compound 7. fiEEElfid;.
Lukis dan namakan satu isomer bagi sebatian T.
(

9In
Afl
thr
Di
yis
dit
(a.

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(b

(b) State the functional group of compound S.

Nyatakan kumpulan berfungsi sebatian S.

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(c) Compound S can be converted to compound Ithrough process X.

Sebatian S boleh ditukarkan kepada sebatian T melalui proses X.
(i)Name process X. (c
Namakan proses X

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 (i0 State the optimal conditions for process X.
Nyatakan keadaan optimum bagi proses X.

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(d) Compounds 7 and S are burnt in excess air to produce carbon dioxide and water.
Sebaiian T dan S terbakar di dalam udara berlebihan untuk menghasilkan karbon dioksida dan air.
(i) Among compounds Iand S, which produces more soot?
Antari sebatian T dan S, yang manakah menghasillcan ielaga yang lebih barryak?

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(ii) Explain your answer in 8(dXi). CEElCtr'"t"s
Jelaskan jawapan anda di 8(d)(i).

12markslmarkahl

(2.2) Homologous Series

'* SiriHomolog

Chemical Properties and lnterconversion of Compounds between Homologous Series

Sifat Kimia dan Saling Pertukaran Sebatian antara Siri Homolog

9 In a bread factory, a worker was stirring a large tank of dough mixed with yeast undergoing fermentation'
After some time, the worker became intoxicated by a colourless and odourless gas released and fell into
the tank.
Di sebuah kilang roti, seorang pekerja seclang mengacau sebuah tangki besar berisi campuran doh dan
yis yang sedang menjalani pioses penapaian. Selepas beberapa ketikq, pekeria tersebut meniadi mabuk
-disibabfuan
gas Xyang tidak berwarna dan tidak berbau lalu teriatuh ke dalam tangki tersebut.
(a) Name the gas released and write the chemical equation for the fermentation process in the dough'
Namakan gasyangterbebas dan tulis persamaankintia bagi proses penapaianyangberlaku di dalam doh
tersebut.
13markslmarkahl

(b) Another worker named Ali was stirring the dough in another tank. He witnessed the accident and
hurried up to help. After that, it was found that the batch of bread made from Ali's tank tastes sour.
Explainwhythe bread tastes sour. C!ftlffiil"c
Seorang peicerja bernama eti seda@ngacau doh di dalam sebuah tangki lain. Dia menyaksikan
kemalingan iersebut dan segera memberikan pertolongan. Selepas itu, didapati roti yang dihasilkan
daripada tangki Ali berasa masa.m.
Terangkan mengapa roti tersebut berasa masanl.

13markslmarkah)

(c) By using a labelled diagram, show how you can convert ethanol to ethene. fpft|ipervtu'c'
Dengan-menggunakan rajah bertabel, tunjukkan bagaimana anda boleh menukarkan etanol kepada
etena'
l2marks/markahl

{so
 t
(d) (i) Statetwousesofalcoholsindailylife.
Nyatakan duakegunaan alkohol dalam kehidupan harian.
12markslmarkah)
(ii) The boiling point of pure ethanol is 78 'C. Qescribe an experiment to slmthesise pure
ethanol in the school laboratory. Your description should include all the suitable materials and
apparatus. f[[f-"n.c
Takat didih etanol tulen ialah 78 'C. Huraikan satu eksperimen untuk mensintesis etanol tulen di
makmal sekolah. Huraian anda hendaklah merangkumi semua bahan dan radas yang sesuai. Pape

fl
[10 marks/ markah]

,:.2 Homotogous Series

SiriHomolog rrl
ca
Chemical Properties and lnterconversion of Compounds between Homologous Series ET
Sifat Kimia dan Saling Pertukaran Sebatian antara Siri Homolog CC
Ti
de
lsomers and Naming Based on IUPAC Nomenclature en
lsomer dan Penamaan Mengikut IUPAC tet
A
l0 Diagram 8 shows the processes to produce compound X and compound Yfrom alkene A.
Rajah B menunjukkan proses-proses untuk menghasilkan sebatianXdan sebatianY daripada alkena A. B

2D
th
,Rr
Diagram Bl Rajah0
bt
(a) A1kene A is a hydrocarbon compound that contains four or more carbon atoms.
Suggest the name of alkene A and write the molecular formula of the compound.
Then, draw two structural formula of isomer for compound X and write the name based on IUPAC
nomenclature. il lil ffii;ilt
Akena A merupakan sebatian hidrokarbon yang mengandungi empat atau lebih atom karbon.
Cadangkan nama alkena A dan tulisformula molekul sebatian tersebut.
Kemudian, lukis dua formula struktur isomer bagi sebatian X dan tulis nama berdasarkan penamaan
IUPAC.
16 markslmarkah)

(b) State two optimum conditions that are required to produce compounds Y and gir.e two physical
properties of compound Y.
Nyatakan dua keadaan optimum yang diperlulcan bagi menghasilkan sebatian Y dan berikan daa sifut \
fizik sebatian Y. Pt
14markslmarkahl A

(c) Describe an experiment to differentiate alkene A and compound Y. @EIc""t-e

Huraikan satu eksperimen untuk membezakan alkena A dan sebatian Y.
[10 marks/rnarkah]

(sa