Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Fdocuments - in Engleski Za Pravnike
Fdocuments - in Engleski Za Pravnike
The study of law is intellectually stimulating and chalenging and can lead to a varieti of
interesting careers.
In the UK and USA, law degree programmes usually take three years to complete. In the
UK these programes typically include core subjects such as criminal law, contract law,
tort law, land law, equity and trusts, administrative law, and constitutional law.
In addition, students are often required to take courses covering skills such as legal
writing and resarch.
There is also a variety of optional ( elective) courses available. Since many law students
go on to become lawyers, students often take courses that will be useful to them during
their future careers.
Someone wishing to run a small partnership or to work alone as a sole practitioner in a
smol town may decide to take subjects such as family law, employment law, and
housing law.
Those wishing to work in a large law practice will consider subjects such as company
law, commercial law and litigation and arbitration.
1
Many universities also offer courses on legal practice. Courses like this give students the
opportunity to experience the work of a lawyer before deciding on a career in the law.
Another way of finding out more about law in practice is to get involved with a voluntary
advice centre or law clinic. These clinics offer free legal assistance to the local
community and provide a useful introduction to some of the day to day work of lawyer.
2
The barker Rose Graduate Recruitment Programme
Program angažovanja diplomaca fifme Barker Rose
For the ambitious graduate wishingto train as a commercial lawyer, we offer trainees
first-rate work in an informative, chalenging and busy atmosphere, where your
contribution counts from day one.
We require approximately 15 exceptionaltrainee solicitors each year to contribute to our
future growth, in both uor London and Manchester offices.
3
When and how to apply Kako i gdje se prijaviti
Apply by 31st July two yoears before the start of the traning contract.
To apply online , please click on this link:
www.barkerrose.co.uk
Prijave se primaju do 31. Jula, dvije godien prije početka programa stažiranja.
Za prijavu preko interneta kliknite na ovaj link.
Sponsorship Stipendiranje
We will pay your full course fees for both the GDL and LPC, pls maintenance of
₤6,000 during your GDL and ₤7,000 trought your LPC study year.
Mi snosimo pune troškove za oba ispita ( GDLC i LPC ) plus stipendiju u iznosu od
6000 funti tokom vašeg GDL i 7000 funti tokom LPC godine studiranja.
If you would like further information, please contact Graham Matthews, our Graduate
Recruitment and Trainee Manager, on 0650 581 8967 or by email at
graduate.recruitment@barkerrose.co,uk
Barker Rose will be presenting its Graduate Recruitment Programme at the University of
London Law Fair on 15 May at 2.30 p.m. in the John Adams lecture theatre.
4
Contract law
Contract law deals with promises which create legal rights. In most legal systems, a
contract is formed when one party makes an offer that is accepted bythe other party.
Some legal systems require more, for example that the parties give each other, or promise
to give each other , something of value. In common law systems , this promise is know
as consideration. In those systems , a one-sided promise to do something ( e.g. a
promise to make a gift) does not lead to the formation of an enforceable contract, as it
lacks consideration.
Ugovorno pravo se bavi obećanjima koja stvaraju zakonska prava. U većini pravnih
sistena, ugovor je formiran kada jedna stranka daje ponudu koja je prihvaćena od strane
druge stranke. Neki pravni sistemi zahtjevaju više , na primjer, da stranke daju jedna
drugoj ili da obećaju da će dati jedna drugoj nešto od vrijednosti. U većini pravnih
sistema ovo obećanje je poznato kao konsideracija. U tim sistemima jednostrano
obećanje da se nešto uradi ( npr. Da se napravi poklon= ne dovodi do formiranja
pravosnažnog ugovora, jer nedostaje konsideracija.
When is contract is negotiated the offer and acceptance must match each other for the
contrakt to be binding. This means that one party must accept exactly what the other
party has offered. If the offer and acceptance do not match each other, then the law says
that the second party has made a counter-offer ( that is, a new offer to the first party
wich then may be accepted or rejected)
For there to be valid contract, the parties must agree on the essential terms.
These include the price and the subject matter of the contract.
Da bi ugovor bio validan strake se moraju složiti oko osnovnih uslova. Oni
podrazumjevaju cijenu i predmet ugovora.
5
Contract may be made in writing or by spoken words. If the parties make a contrack by
spoken words, it is called an oral contract. In some jurisdictions, certain special types
of contracts must be in writing or they are not valid (e.g. the sale of land).
Ugovor može biti u pisanoj ili usmenoj formi. Ako stranke sklope ugovor usmeno , onda
se taj ugovor zove usmeni ugovor. U nekim jurisdikcijama izvjesni tipovi ugovora
moraju biti u pisanoj formi , inače nisu validni (npr prodaja zemlje)
Contracts give both parties rights and obligations. Righrs are something positive which
to get from a contract (e.g. the right to payment of money). Obligations are something
which a party has to do or give up to get those rights (e.g. the obligations to do work)
Ugovori daju objema stranama prava i obaveze. Prava su nešto pozitivno što stranka
želi da dobije od ugovora (npr. Pravo na isplatu novca). Obaveze su nešto što stranka
mora da uradi ili se nečeg odreći da bi dobila ta prava (npr. obaveza na rad)
When a partry does not it is requred to do under a contarct, that arty is said to have
breached the contract. The other party may file a lawsuit against the breaching party for
breach of contract. The non-breaching party (sometimes called the injured party) may try
to get a court to award damages for the breach. Damages refers to money which the
court orders the breaching party to pay to the non.breaching party in compensation.
Other remedies include specific performance, where a court orders the breaching party to
perform the contract ( that is to do what is promised to do).
Kada stranka ne uradi ono što je potrebno da uradi na osnovu ugovora , za tu straku se
kaže da je prekršila ugovor. Druga stranka može podnijeti tužbu za kršenje ugovora
protiv strane koja je prekršila ugovor. Stranka koja nije prekršila ugovor (koju još zovemo
i oštećeni) može pokušati da od suda nadoknadi štetu za povredu ugovora. Šteta se
odnosi na novac koji, odlukom suda , oštećenom treba da plati stranka koja je prekršila
ugovor. Ostale žalbe, uključujući izvršenje ugovora u kojima sud naređuje stranci koja
je prekršila ugovor da taj isti izvrši (da uradi što je obećala da ćeuraditi)
6
A party may want to transfer its rights under a contract to another party. This is called
as assignment. When a party assigns (“gives”) its rights undes the contract to another
party, the assigning party is called the assignor and the party who gets the rights is
called the assignee.
Stranka može da poželi da prenese svoja prava na osnovu ugovora na neku drugu
stranku. Ovo se zove cesija. Kada stranka prenosi („daje”) svoja prava na osnovu
ugovora na drugu stranku, stranka koja prenosi se zove ustupalac, a stranka koja stiče
prava se zove ovlašćenik.
Dear Mr McKendrick
Thank you for coming to see me on 30 May when we discussed the termination of your
contract with Drexler Inc. I am writng to summarise our discussion and to confirm your
instructions.
Hvala vam što ste došli 30. maja kada smo razgovarali o raskidu vašeg ugovora sa
Dreksler korporacijom. Pišem vam da bi smo rezimirali našu diskusiju i da potvrdite
vaša uputstva.
You told me that Drexler Inc. agreed to purchase a large quantity of goods (exact
amount unspecified) from your firm, Export Threads. Under clause 2a of the contract,
Drexler were to give you two days notice of the date of shipment so that you could
arrange a lorry for the transportation of the goods. You now wish to terminate the
contract
Rekli ste mi da se Dreksler korporacija složila da kupi veliku količinu robe (tačna
količina nepoznata) iz vaše firme, Export Threads. Pod klauzulom 2a ugovora, Drexler
vas je morao dva dana ranije obavjestiti o datumu isporuke da bi ste mogli organizovati
kamion za transport robe. Niste to mogli organizovati jer vas Drexler nije obavjestio o
ugovorenom datumu. Sada želite da raskinete ugovor.
7
The legal issue here is whether or not Drexler’s breach is enough to allow Export
Threads to terminate the contract without being liable for damages. If the contract term
in question can be shown to be a condition, you will be able to terminate the contract
without fear of damages being awarded against you. If the term is simply a warranty, you
will be able to claim damages to cover any costs you have incurred as a result of the
breach, but may not actually terminate the contract.
Recent case law suggests that if you do choose to terminate the contract, and if Drexler
subsequently decide to sue you, the courts would rule against you . Your contract
involves a chain of sales and in such cases, the need for ceartainty is very important. You
were unable to arrange the loading of the goods as a direct consequence of Drexler’s
breach of clause 2a, and this term would be interpreted as a condition.
Današnaj sudska praksa pokazuje da, ako se ipak odlučite da raskinete ugovor, I ako
Drexler zatim odluči da vas tuži , sud neće presuditi u vašu korist. Vaš ugovor uključuje
lanac prodaje, a u takvim slučajevima, potreba za pouzdanošću je veoma bitna. Niste
bili u mogućnosti da obezbjedite utovar robe što je direktna posljedica Drexlerove
povrede klauzule 2a ugovora, i ovaj propis bi se mogao tumačiti kao uslov.
I will write a letter to Drexler Inc. outling the above and notifying them of your
intention to renegotiate the contract. I will request confirmation from Drexler that they
accept our interpretation both of the events and of the relevant law, and that your
termination of the contract will not lead to any unnecessary legal action on their part. I
will be in touch again shortly. Please do not hesitate to contact me if you have any
questions. With kind regards Charles Dawe
Napisaću pismo Drexler korporaciji u kom ću definisati sve gore navedeno i obavjestiti
ih o vašoj namjeri da ponovo pregovarate o ugovoru. Tražiću potvrdu od Drexlera u
kojoj prihvataju naše tumačenje oba događaja i relevantnih zakona, i da vaš raskid
ugovora neće dovesti do nepotrebnih tužbi sa njihove strane. Uskoro ćemo opet biti u
kontaktu. Molim vas da ne oklevate da me kontaktirate ukoliko imate bilo kakvih pitanja.
S’ poštovanjem Charles Dawe
8
Client – Berlingua Language School (Joanna Staines)
Other party-Simon Burnett, Burnett TV Supplies
Facts
Ms Staines (Director of Studies, Berlingua) bought a new satellite system (including
built-in hard drive) at 50% of the normal price from Burnett TV Supplies for
educational use. She mainly wanted to use it to record foreign-language TV programmes
for use during lessons.
Činjenice
Gosp. Staines (director studija u Belingo Školi jezika) je kupila novi satelitski system
(uključujući I uređaj hard disk) po 50% jeftinijoj cijeni od Burnett TV potrepštine za
obrazovne svrhe. Glavni cilj joj je bio da snima TV programe na stranim jezicima i da ih
koristi tokom predavanja.
When she first set it up and tried to record, she realised that the timer function was
broken. This means someone has to physically press record and stop whenever they want
to record something.
Ms Staines has asked for a replacement, but was told that she couldn’t expect it to
workperfectly at such a cheap price. They have refused to replace it , but have offered to
repair it at a cost of ₤130.
Gđa.Staines je tražila zamjenu ali joj je pri tom rečeno da ne može ni očekivati da radi
savršeno po tako niskoj cijeni. Zamjena je odbijena ali je ponuđeno da se uređaj
popravi uz cijenu od 130 funti.
Legal issues
Defect not pointed out at time of purchase; if reduction due to imperfections, seller
MUST inform client (Sale of Goods Act).
Pravna pitanja
Nedostatak nije istaknut u vrijeme kupovine; ako je cijena snižena uslijed nedostatka
prodavac MORA o tome informisati kupca (deklaracijom o prodaji stvari)
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Advice /Action
Ms Staines is entitled to either a full refund or a replacement system (her choice). I
outline the options, Ms Staines is considerating which to go for. I’m pretty sure that it
will only take one letter from us before Burnett backs down-he’d have no chance in the
small claims court!
Savjet / Postupanje
Gđa. Staines ima pravo ili na puni povrat novca ili na zamjenu sistema (njen izbor).
Ja sam joj saopštio koje su njene mogućnosti i ona razmatra koju da iskoristi. Prilično
sam siguran da je samo jedno pismo dovoljno i da će se Burnett povući, nema nikakve
šanse pred sudom za mala potraživanja.
Tort law
A tort is a civil wrong that can be remedied by awarding damages (other remedies may
also be available). These civil wrongs result in harm to a person or property that forms
the basis of a claim by the injured party. The harm can be physical, emotional or
financial. Examples of torts include medical negligence, negligent damage to private
property and negligent misstatements causing financial loss.
There are many specific torts, such as trespass, assault and negligence .
Busniess torts include fraudulent misrepresentation, interference in contractual relations
and unfair busnies practices.
Postoje mnogi specifični delikti poput povrede privatnog posjeda, napad I nemar.
Poslovni delikti obuhvataju neovlašteno lažno predstavljanje, uplitanje u ugovorne
odnose i nelojalno poslovanje.
10
Torts fall into three general categories: intentional torts (e.g. unfair competition),
negligent torts (e.g. causing an accident by failing to obey traffic rules) and strict liability
(e.g. liability for making and seling defective products).
Why some wrongs are dealt with by tort law (or the law of torts) and others considered
criminal offences is the subjects of some debate. However, there are certainly overlaps
between tort law and criminal law. For example, a defendant can be liable to
compensate for assault and battery in tort and also be punished for the criminal law
offence of assault.
Zašto neki delikti spadaju u građanske delikte a drugi su krivični delikti , predmet je
mnogih rasprava.. Međutim, između ove dvije sfere zasigurno postoje određena
preklapanja. Npr optuženi se može smatrati odgovornim za nanošenje teške tjelesne
povrede u sferi delikta i biti kažnjen za napad po krivičnom pravu.
Differences between tort law and criminal law include: the parties involved (the state
brings an action in crime, a private individual brings an action in tort); the standard of
proof ( higher in criminal law) and the outcomes (a criminal action may result in a
conviction and punishment, whereas an action in tort may result in liability on the part of
the defendant and damages awarded to the claimant)
Razlike između tort low I krivičnog prava su: sukobljene strane (država tereti po
krivičnom a privatno lice po tort low osnovu); standard dokazivanja (težinski prednjači
u krivičnom pravu) Ishodi procesa (krivični process rezultuje presudom I kaznom dok
se tort low odgovornost može završiti samo na odgovornosti tuženog I odšteti za
tužioca).
11
The primary amis of tort law are to provide rellef for the harm suffered and deter other
potential tortfeasors from coming from committing the same harms. The injured person
may sue for both an injunction to stop the tortuous conduct and for monetary damages.
Primarni cilj tort low su obezbjeđivanje naknade za pretrpljenu štetu kao i odvraćanje
potencijalnih počinilaca delikta od vršenja istih djela. Oštećena strana ima pravo tužiti I
za zabranu kojom se zaustavlja deliktno ponašanje kao i za materijalnu naknadu.
Plaintiff was standing on a platform of defendant’s railroad when a train moved off from
the platform. Even though it was already moving, a passenger ran to catch the train. The
man who was carrying a package wrapped in paper, appeared to lose his balance while
trying to board the moving train. An employee of the railroad reached out to help him.
This act caused the package in the man’s arm to fall onto the rails. Unknown to the
employee, th package contained fireworks. When it fell, the fireworks exploded, causing
some large equipment on the platform to strike and injure the plaintiff. The plaintiff sued
the railroad, claiming thather injury resulted from the negligence of the employee.
Podnosilac zahtheva je stajao na platformi tuženikove pruge kada je voz krenuo. Iako je
voz već bio u pokretu, putnik je potrčao da ga uhvati. Čovjek koji je nosi o paket umotan
u papir, pokušavajući da se ukrca u voz u pokretu, izgubio j eravnotežu. Zaposlenik
željeznice je pružio ruku da ga uhvati. Ova njegova činidba uzrokovala je da paket iz
putnikovih ruku ispadne na šine. Zaposlenik nije znao da paket sadrži vatromet. Kada je
pao paket je eksplodirao usled čega su komadi teške opreme na platformi poletjeli, udarili
i povrijedili podnosioca zahtjeva. On je tužio željeznicu tvrdeći da je uzrok njene
povrede nemar zaposlenika željeznice.
12
PROCEDURAL HISTORY: The trial court found for the plantiff. Defendants
appealed, and the appellate court affirmed the judgment. The railroad then appealed to
this court.
LEGAL ISSUE: Did the railroad’s negligence proximately cause plaintiff’s injuries?
RULING: No. The Court of Appeals of New York reversed the decision.
OBRAZLOŽENJE: Nemar nije delikt ako nije rezultirao u činjenju nepravde (zla ili
nezakonitog djela). Ako štete nije nanesena namjerno, ora se pokazati da je činidba bila
opasna. Budući da u ovom slučaju, šteta podnosioc zahtjeva nije nije nanesena voljno (sa
predumišljajem) moralo se dokazati da sam čin ispuštanja paketa nosi potencijalnu
opasnost. Pošto na omotu paketa nije postojalo ništa što bi razumnoj osobi ukazalo da
sadrži eksploziv, nije postojao nemar. Eksplozija je ta koaj je neposredni uzročnik
povrede podnosioca zahtjeva, događaj koji se nije mogao predvidjeti. S toga željeznica
nije iskazala nemar niti je neposredni uzročnik povreda podnosioca zahtjeva. Presuda
drugostepenog suda je poništena i tužba odbačena.
13
The Kent Law Clinic
Kent Law school was the first in Britain to open a law clinic and to develop a clinical
legal studies’ programme as part of its undergraduate curriculum. A new Kent Law Clinic
was established in 1992, and it offers a unique opportunity for law students to practice
law while still undergraduates. Students regulary represent clients in a wide range of
tribunals an have, in recent years, successfully assisted litigants-in-person in the Court of
Appeal.
Pravna škola Kent je bila prva škola u Britaniji koja je otvorila studije u sklopu klinike
pri svom diplomskom studiju. Nova Kent Pravna Klinika je uspostavljena 1992. godine
i nudila je studentim ajedinstvenu priliku da steknu pravničk upraksu iako još nisu stekli
diplomu. Studenti su redovno zastupali klijente pred različitim sudovima, a u nekoliko
zadnjih godina uspješno asistiraju i strankama koje biraju da same sebe zastupaju pred
apelacionim sudom.
The clinic offers free legal adviced to its clients, with a legal work being done by law
students under the supervision of qualified lawyers. You deal with real clients rather than
with fictional seminar problems, which means you can develop and refine your legal
skills and learn other practical skills, such as interviewing, negotiating and advocacy.
Equally importantly, you have the opportunity experience the actual (rather than the
theoretical) way the law and the…
Klinika nudi besplatne pravne savjete svojim klijentima, gdje sav pravnički posao
obavljaju studenti koje nadziru kvalifikovani advokati. Ovdje se radi sa pravim klijentima
a ne sa teorijskim problemima na predavanjima, što znači da ste u mogućnosti da
razvijete i izbrusite pravničke I ostale vještine kao što su intervjuisanje, pregovaranje I
zastupanje. Od iste važnosti je prilika da iskusite pravi način na koji pravo i ...
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Criminal law
Criminal law sometimes (altrough rarely) called penal law, involves the prosecution by
the state of a person for an act that has been classified as a crime. This contrast with
civil law, which involves private individuals and organizations seeking to resolve legal
disputes. Prosecutions are initiated by the state trough a prosecutor, whil in a civil case
the victim brings the suit. Some jurisdictions also allow private criminal prosecutions.
Depending on the offence an the jurisdiction, various punishments are available to the
courts to punish an offender (see Exercise 12). A court may sentence an offender to
execution, corporal punishment or loss of liberty (imprisonment or incarceration);
suspend the sentence; impose a fine; put the offender under government supervision
trough parole or probation; or place them on a community service order.
15
Most crimes (with the exception of strict liability crimes such as statutory rape and
certain traffic offences) are charasteristed by two elements: a criminal act (actus reus)
and criminal intent (mens rea). To secure a conviction, prosecutors must prove that both
actus reus and mens rea were present when a particular crime was committed.
Većina krivičnih djela (sa izuzetkom djela za koja se ne zahtjeva postojanje namjere da
bi bila inkriminisana kao npr.sexulani odnos sa maloljetnikom ili neki saobracajni
prekrsaj) određena je sa dva elementa: protivpravnom radnjom (actus reus) i
namjerom da se nanese štetna posljedica (mens rea).
Da bi osigurali donošenje osuđujuće presude, tužioci moraju dokazati da su i actus reus i
mens rea postojali u trenutku izvršenja delikta.
In criminal cases, the burden of proof is often on the prosecutor to persuade the trier
(whether judge or jury) that the accused is guilty beyond a reasonable doubt of every
element of the crime charged. If the prosecutor fails to prove this, a verdict of not guilty
is rendered. This standard of proof contrasts with civil cases, where the claimant
generally needs to show a defendant is liable on the balance of probabilities (mere then
50% probable). In USA, this is referrd to as the preponderance of the evidence.
U krivičnim djelima, teret dokazivanja je često na strani tužioca gdje on treba pokazati
onome ko sudi, bila to porota ili sudija pojedinac, da je optuženi kriv, za svaki element
djela za koje se tereti, van svake razumne sumnje. Ako tužilac u ovome ne uspije, izriče
se presuda da niej kriv (oslobađajuća). Ovaj standard dokazivanja se razlikuje u odnosu
na građanske slučajeve, gdje je obično dovoljno da tužilac dokaže da je tuženi
odgovoran do granice vjerovatnoće (više od 50%)
U SAD se ovo naziva prevagom dokaza.
16
Some jurisdictions distinguish between felonies (more serious offences, such as rape)
and misdemeanours (less serious offences, such as petty theft).
It is also worth nothing that the same incident may sometimes lead to both a criminal
prosecution and an action in tort.
U pojedinim pravnim sistemima se pravi razlika između prekršaja (težih krivičnih djela
kao što je silovanje) I prekršaja lakše prirode (npr. Sitna krađa)
Nema prepreka da jedno isto djelo dovede I do krivične tužbe I do građanskog zahtjeva
za naknadu usljed pretrpljenog fizičkog ili duševnog bola.
The Financial Services and Markets Tribunal has upheld a Financial Services Authority
(FSA) case against Mr Arif Mohammed, a former Pricewaterhouse Coopers (PwC) audit
manager, who was fined ₤10,000 for committing market abuse. This is the first time the
market abuse provisions in the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (FSMA) have
been the subject of a Tribunal decision.
Finansijsko tržišni sud je potvrdio odluku Finansijske Revizije kojom je Arif Muhamed,
bivši revizor u “ Pricewaterhouse Coopers” kažnjen sa 10000 funti zbog tržišne prevare.
Ovo je prvi put da su odredbe o tržišnim prevarama iz Akta o Finansijama i Tržištu iz
2000. bile predmet odluke ovog suda.
Mr Mohammed bought shares in Delta plc, a London Stock Excange listed electrical and
engineering services company, based on his knowledge that the company intended to sell
its electrical division. Mr Mohamed become aware of this confidential information
because Delta’s electrical division was on audit client of PwC, and Mr Mohammed
worked on the company’s audit.
Gdin. Muhamed je kupio dionice “Delta plc” firmi koja se bavi inženjeringom i
elektronikom I koja je registrovana na londonskoj berzi, a sve znajući da firma planira da
proda svoje elektro odjeljenje. Gdin.Muhamed je došao do ove informacije jer je „Delta
plc” klijent njegove revizorske kuće, gdin.Muhamed je lično radio reviziju.
17
In July 2002. Mr Mohammed first became aware of the proposed sale of Delta’s
electrical division. He was told that this information was confidential and not to be
discussed with company officials. Although Mr Mohammed began handing over the
responsibility for elements of Delta’s audit in September 2002. he remained on the audit
team assigned to Delta throughout the period leading up to the disposal announcement.
In particular, Mr Mohammed remained responsible for planning staff to work on Delta
and had reason to know about the sale’s progress because of its impact on resource
planning.
U Julu 2002. gdin. Muhamed je saznao za prodaju elektro odjeljenja Delta. Rečeno mu je
da je to povjerljiva informacija i da ne smije o tome pričati sa zvaničnicima njegove
kompanije. Iako je gdin. Muhamed predao odgovornost za pojedine elemente Deltine
revizije u septembru 2002. god. on j eipaj ostao član revizorskog timasve do zvanične
objave prodaje jednog dijela firme. Gdin. Muhamed je ostao zadužen za tim osoblja koji
je Delti radio strateško planiranje i imao je razloga da zna o napretku procesa prodaje jer
taj proces utiče na planiranje resursa.
At the end of November 2002. Mr Mohammed was ongoing and was getting close to
agreement. Based on this information, he purchased 15,000 shares in Delta on 29
November 2002 at 80p each. Delta announced the disposal on 9 December 2002, and Mr
Mohammed sold his shares the following day at 105p each making a profit of ₤3,750.
Krajem novembra 2002. godine, gdin. Muhamed je bio svjestan dfa je process prodaje u
toku i da se bliži postizanje dogovora. Na osnovu ove informacije, on je kupio 15 000
dionica Delte 29.nov.2002. po cijeni od 80 penija za svaku akciju. Delata je objavila
prodaju 9. decembra 2002. pa je gdin. Muhamed prodao svoje dionice sledećeg dana po
cijeni od 105 penija po akciji, pribavljajući tie sebi korist od 3750 funti.
The Tribunal held that the information Mr Mohammed had about the proposed deal
was sufficient and preices enough to be considered as relevant information according to
the market abuse provisions.
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Company law
Company law is the law which deals with the creation and regulation of busniess
entities. The most common forms of bussnies entity are companies and partnerships.
Kompanije je grupa ljudi koja ima status pravnog lica i različit identitet od svojih
osnivača-akcionara. Može posjedovati imovinu, zaključivati ugovore, tužiti i biti tužena.
Ovo se razlikuje od partnerskog društva koje se ne tretira kao pravno lice i ne može
imati imovinu upisanu na svoje ime.
Because of the limited liability of the members of a company for its debts, as well as its
separate personality an tax treatment, the company has become the most popular from of
business entity in most countries in the world..
Companies have an inherent flexibility which can let them grow;there is no legal reason
why a company initially formed by a sole proprietor cannot eventually grow to be a
publicly listed company, but a partnership will generally have a limited number of
partners.
Kompanije imaju urođenu fleksibilnost koja im dopušta da rastu; s toga, ne postoje pravni
razlozi zašto jedna kompanija koja je osnovana od strane samostalnog preduzetnika ne
može vremenom izrasti u kompaniju od društvenog značaja dok partnerska firma će
uvijek imati ograničen broj članova-partnera.
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A company has shareholders (those who invest money in it and get shares in return), a
board of directors (people who manage the affairs of the company) and creditors (those to
whom the company owes money). Company law deals with the relationships between
companies and their shareholders, creditors, regulators and third parties.
Kompanija ima vlasnike dionica (ljude koji ulažu novac u nju a za uzvrat dobijaji
dionice), upravni odbor (ljudi koji se brinu za poslove kompanije) i ulagače (one kojima
kompanija duguje novac). Kompanijsko pravo se bavi međusobnim odnosima između
kompanija I njihovih dioničara, ulagača, nadzornih tijela I drugih zainteresovanih strana.
Proces registracije kompanije poznat kao formiranje kompanije. Kompanija može biti
formirana od strane pojedinca, specijalizovanih ageneta, advokata ili računovođa. Danas
većina kompanija u V Britaniji i SAD se formiraju elektronskim putem. U Vbritaniji,
rješenje o upisu u javni registar kompanija se izdaje kada kompanija preda svoje
osnivačke dokumente u zakonskoj formi.
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Company law
This module concentrates on UK company law in the context of modern capitalism and
the wider global economy. A series of introductory lectures and seminars will provide
students with an understanding of , inter alia, the rules governing incorporation, funding
an corporate finance, corporate governance and fundamental changes to the structure of a
company (including corporate insolvency and winding up).
We will also consider the more general operationof this particular from of busniess
vehicle. During the second half of the course, we will examine the concepts of corporate
personality, corporate rights and members’ rights in more depth before turning to the
newly introduced directors’ duties under the Companies Act 2006.
Takođe ćemo razmotriti i opštije forme poslovnih kretanja. Tokom druge polovine
semestra razmotrićemo i koncepte karaktera preduzeća, prava preduzeća i prava članova
preduzeća detaljnije prije nego li se okrenemo novim pravilima koja određuju
dužnostidirektora koja su predstavljena u Aktu o Kompanijama iz 2006.
Finally, we will consider how progressive lawyers might work with businesses in order
to ensure that direcrots meet their responsibilities to their shareholders, non-affiliated
stakeholders, the environment, and the communities in which they operate. One way of
encouraging such a commitiment is trough the careful drafting of the memorandum and
articles, on which topic two optional half-day sessions are now offered as a supplement to
the company-law module.
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