INTF-3380 HW2 NURSEN RÜMEYSA KUBAT 17222202004

GLOBALIZATION

The origin of the word "global" as a concept goes back 400 years, the "globalization
process" is a fairly recent phenomenon. The concept of globalization, which first emerged in
the 1960s, has been used frequently after the 1980s. In the 1990s, it became a keyword that
scientists consider important. There are different opinions about when globalization first
started. The reason for this can be seen as the fact that globalization has a multilateral
structure used in many different areas such as social, cultural, political, economic, and
governance. Globalization is built on the virtue of competition and free trade.

It is debated whether globalization is still positive or negative today. As the positive

effects of globalization; It is argued that globalization is a pioneer of development, that every
day brings new opportunities to humanity and that globalization based on free trade and
competition increases world trade. As more money is spent on developing countries, there is a
greater chance that people in these countries will be economically successful and improve
their living standards. In addition, global competition encourages creativity and innovation
and keeps the prices of goods/services under control. Finally, governments can work better
towards common goals as they create an advantage in collaboration, the ability to interact,
coordinate, and awareness of global issues. Economic and social globalization; Has been
criticized for causing deep inequalities between countries, increasing unemployment,
adversely affecting the income distribution in countries, and disorganizing the labor markets
dominated by multinational companies. Because of the lack of international regulations,
unfortunate events with dire consequences for the safety of people and the environment are
more likely to occur. Western-based large institutions such as the International Monetary
Fund and the World Bank make it easier for a developing country to get credit. However, a
Western focus is often applied to a non-Western situation and results in unsuccessful
progress.

The perspectives on globalization between rich countries and poor countries are
incredibly different. Although the total income of the world increased in the last decade of the
twentieth century, the number of poor people continued to increase. Although African
countries were liberated from colonialism, people were subjected to very poor living
conditions and misery, life expectancy decreased due to diseases and poverty, and instability
increased as poverty could not be solved.
The most important event supporting this thesis can be stated as the poor countries being
forced to remove their trade barriers and Western countries not removing their own barriers.
However, it is important that the exports needed by developing countries are prevented by
Western countries. The disintegration of capital markets in Latin America and Asia has
caused speculative money to increase and banking systems to weaken in these countries.
However, this situation has resulted in the benefit of Western countries. With commercial
liberalization, the environment has been destroyed, cultural adaptation to rapid change has not
been achieved, and long-term social degradation has increased with urban violence and ethnic
conflicts.

We can say that globalization has effects that are differentiated by gender. Women are
generally adversely affected, both by absolute and by gender, due to the greater vulnerability
of women to poverty. In general, it has been observed that women's financial well-being has
deteriorated and gender inequality has increased and thus intensified as a result of
globalization. In addition, we can say that the changes experienced in the globalization
process have caused an identity crisis in social and individual terms. From a cultural point of
view, it can be said that a structural transformation has been observed in the phenomenon of
identity with globalization. Globalization; Causes changes in the social structure with
consequences such as cultural affinity, social-cultural change, social-cultural degeneration,
and deterioration in the superstructure.

All in all, reactions to globalization differ as a result of reasons such as development

levels between countries, gender differences, and societies' search for identity. Communities
that have anticipated the reality of globalization and can benefit from it are satisfied with this
development process. Those who cannot adapt to this are quite anxious. However, if the
current achievements of globalization are evaluated, the underdevelopment problem in the
world will be minimized and the living standards of billions of people can be increased.
References:

Halis, M., 2015. The Effects Of Globalization On Identity Perception. [online]

Dergipark.org.tr. Available at: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/209821

Kuepper, J., 2021. Is Globalization Good or Bad for Developed Countries?. [online] The
Balance. Available at: https://www.thebalance.com/globalization-good-or-bad-for-developed-
countries-4011193

Zeiler, T., 2021. Globalization | Encyclopedia.com. [online] Encyclopedia.com. Available at:

https://www.encyclopedia.com/social-sciences-and-law/economics-business-and-
labor/economics-terms-and-concepts/globalization