Lecture #1

EE 471C / EE 381K-17 Wireless Communication Lab

Professor Robert W. Heath Jr.

 Preview of today’s lecture
u Introduction to wireless communication
u Wireless communication lab at UT
ª How the course works
ª A DSP approach to wireless
ª Connection to the lab
ª Contents of the course
ª Materials
u Preparation for next week

Lecture 1 EE 471C / EE 381K-17 Heath 2

Introduction to wireless communication

Key points
o Understand the different applications of wireless communications
o A view of current and under development wireless technologies
 Wireless is everywhere

cellular networks local area networks

personal area networks emerging applications

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 The cellular concept
Co-Channel Handoff
Interference

Base Station (BS)

Cell
Mobile Station (MS) The same frequency is
or
User Equipment (UE) reused in multiple clusters
Cluster

u Base stations serve multiple subscribers

u Frequencies are geographically reused in cells
u Handoff provides seamless connection

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 Evolution of cellular systems 1G
u First generation systems - known after the fact as 1G
ª Conceived in the 1960’s
ª Deployed in the late 1970’s / early 1980’s
ª Built around analog technology, FM modulation
ª Limited data, little security
ª Expensive due to analog technology
ª Little roaming
ª Examples AMPS, NTT, NMT-450, etc.
* Image from https://www.telcoantennas.com.au/site/guide-to-mobile-networks

Most of you in have never used 1G L

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 Evolution of cellular systems 2G
u Second generation systems - known as 2G
ª Conceived in the 1980’s
ª Deployed in the 1990’s
ª Digital Voice
ª More subscribers per bandwidth, some data
ª Enabled roaming in Europe (GSM)
• not in US (IS-95, IS-136)
ª Examples GSM, IS-95, IS-136, PDC, EDGE (2.5G)
• Image from http://www.tutorialspoint.com/gsm/gsm_mobile_station.htm

You may not have used 2G, but many phones are 2G compatible
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 Evolution of cellular systems 3G
u Third generation systems - known as 3G
ª Conceived in the 1990’s
ª Deployed in the 2000’s
ª Digital voice plus data
ª Video telephony
ª Higher capacity
ª CDMA (code division multiple access)
ª Examples: 3GPP WCDMA, HSDPA, etc.
3GPP2 cdma2000, 1xEV, 1xEV-DO, 1xEV-DV, etc.

Most phones are 3G compatible, and revert to 3G occasionally

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 Evolution of cellular systems 4G
u After 3G, cellular systems began fine-grained development
ª 3GPP updates were made in stages e.g. R7, R8, R9, R10, R11, etc
ª Transition to 4G at Release 10 known as 3GPP LTE Advanced
u Fourth generation systems - known as 4G
ª IP based backbone, supports VoIP Multiple
antennas
ª OFDMA allows efficient resource allocation
ª MIMO (multiple antennas)
• 8 @ base station, 4 at handset
ª Higher data rates
ª 3GPP Long Term Evolution Advanced
Most of you use 4G on a daily basis
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 Evolution of cellular systems 5G
u Fifth generation systems - known as 5G
ª 3GPP after Rel-14 is considered as 5G new radio (NR)
ª Rel-15, the first 5G NR release, was frozen in Jun. 2018
ª Rel-16, the next 5G NR release, was kicked off in Jun. 2018
ª Target completion date for Rel-16 is Dec. 2019 Millimeter waves!
u Key features of 3GPP 5G NR Rel-15
ª Numerology, frame structure and initial access support for above-6 GHz
ª New channel coding (LDPC for data, Polar codes for control)
ª MIMO enhancements: beam management for above-6 GHz
ª MIMO enhancements: new codebook for more antenna configurations

With 5G everything will be connected: you, your pet, your car, …

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 Evolution of cellular systems 5G

u Other features
ª Vehicle to X (V2X)
ª Non-orthogonal multiple
access (NOMA)
ª Industrial IoT
ª Location and positioning
enhancements
ª URLLC enhancements

With 5G everything will be connected: you, your pet, your car, …

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 Wireless is everywhere

cellular networks local area networks

personal area networks emerging applications

Lecture 1 EE 471C / EE 381K-17 Heath 12
 IEEE 802.11 Wireless LAN

u IEEE is the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

ª Main professional society for electrical engineers digression
ª Everyone should become a student member of the IEEE
ª You might also want to join COMSOC (communications society), SPSOC
(signal processing society), and ITSOC (information theory society)
u IEEE 802 is a group that develop local area network and metropolitan area
network standards, focusing on the PHY, MAC, and LINK layers
u IEEE 802.11 is WLAN working group (members develop standards + vote)
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 IEEE 802.11 Subgroups
11 11b 11g 11n 11ac 11ad
u 802.11: 1/2Mbps in 2.4GHz band, FHSS or DSSS
u 802.11a: extend to 5GHz ban, 54Mbps, OFDM
u 802.11b: (WiFi) DSSS with 11Mbps in 2.4GHz band
u 802.11g: similar to 802.11a but for 2.4GHz
u 802.11n: MIMO enhancement, 100-200Mbps
u 802.11ac: Very high throughput < 6GHz carrier
ª More bandwidth aggregation, more MIMO, multiuser MIMO
u 802.11ad: Very high throughput > 6GHz carrier
Many more subgroups, some successful and some not
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 New generation of WLAN operates at 60 GHz
Standard Bandwidth Rates Approval Date
IEEE 802.11ad 2.16 GHz 6.76 Gbps Dec. 2012
Intel wireless gigabit W13100

u Wireless local area networking (WLAN)

ª Gbps peak throughputs
ª In-room local area networking
ª Cable replacement
u Chipsets are available and some products are shipping Wireless VR solution from
HTC will use IEEE 802.11ad
u Next gen is currently in development (802.11ay)****
ª Will support MIMO spatial multiplexing
ª Channel bonding for even larger bandwidths
ª Targets 100 Gbps data rates
Qualcomm Snapdragon
solution with array shown
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 Wireless is everywhere

cellular networks local area networks

personal area networks emerging applications

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 Personal Area Networks (PAN)
10 Gbps

6 Gbps

5 Gbps

u Lower range connectivity compared to WLAN

ª Cable replacement is one of the primary applications
ª Has an ad hoc network architecture (usually called a piconet)
u IEEE 802.15 is the main standard
ª Examples are Bluetooth used for keyboards and handsfree headsets
PAN/LAN boundaries are blurring
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 New generation WPAN at 60 GHz
Standard Bandwidth Rates Approval
Zyxel AeroBeam HDTV kit *
WirelessHD 2.16 GHz 3.807 Gbps Jan. 2008
WirelessHD 1.1 2.16 GHz 4 x 7.138 Gbps Jan. 2010

u Wireless personal area networking (WPAN) Dell Laptop *

ª Multimedia streaming especially HDMI
ª Peripheral connections
ª Wearable networks Epson projector *

u Compliant products are available

ª Dell Alienware laptops, Epson projectors, etc.

Lecture 1 EE 471C / EE 381K-17 Heath * http://www.wirelesshd.org/consumers/product-listing/

Sony wearable HDTV * 18
 Other applications of wireless

car area
networks mobile ad hoc
wearables networks

powerline vehicular area underwater

communication networks communication
Lecture 1 EE 471C / EE 381K-17 Heath 19
Wireless communications lab at UT
EE 471C / EE 381K-17

Key points
o Main contents of the course
o Connection between the lectures and labs
o Materials required
 Preview of today’s lecture
u Introduction to wireless communication
u Wireless communication lab at UT
ª How the course works
ª A DSP approach to wireless
ª Connection to the lab
ª Contents of the course
ª Materials
u Preparation for next week

Lecture 1 EE 471C / EE 381K-17 Heath 21

 Wireless communications lab @ UT EE 471C / EE 381V
u Instructor: Robert W. Heath Jr.
u TA: Yi Zhang
u EE 471C Prerequisites: EE 345S or EE 351M or EE 360K
u Premises of the course
ª Wireless communication can be taught to undergraduates
ª Wireless communication can be taught w/out communication background
ª Students can implement what they learn while they learn it
u Key ideas
ª Teach digital communication from a digital signal processing perspective
ª Incorporate modulation, channel estimation, equalization, synchronization
ª Use algorithmic design examples, not comprehensive theory
ª Leverage flexible software defined radio prototyping

Developed and tested over 12 years

Lecture 1 EE 471C / EE 381K-17 Heath 22
 How it works
u The course is cross-listed for undergrads and grads
ª Pre-requisites: a course in DSP and a course on probability
ª Undergraduates take in 3rd or 4th year as a 4 credit course
ª Graduate students take their 1st or 3rd semester as a 3 credit course

u Structure of the course

ª 3 hours of lecture per week, covers the theory of the course
ª 3 hours in the lab per week, demonstrate what has been learned
ª Homework assignments include theory and lab preparation
ª Two midterm exams, one final exam

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 Grad versus undergrad
u Lectures, assignments, and homework is the same

u Graduate course requires a final project

ª Implementation of key features of IEEE 802.11ad (preferred), or
ª Research paper

u Final grading of undergrad and grad sections is independent

ª Please note the grading is not dependent
ª Seriously, the grades are computed differently
ª This doesn’t mean, however, that you should slack off in either case

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 Differences with other courses at UT
u EE 445S (real-time DSP) – one of the possible pre-reqs, covers DSP theory,
uses communications as a design example

u EE 360K (digital communications) – another possible pre-req, focuses

more on digital communication

u E E 381K 11 (wireless communications) – communication theory

fundamentals, more of a system perspective, less emphasis on algorithms

u This course emphasizes signal processing for communications

ª Includes channel estimation and frame / frequency offset synchronization
ª Single carrier frequency domain equalization
ª OFDM with channel estimation and synchronization
ª Has a lab component
Lecture 1 EE 471C / EE 381K-17 Heath 25
 Preview of today’s lecture
u Introduction to wireless communication
u Wireless communication lab at UT
ª How the course works
ª A DSP approach to wireless
ª Connection to the lab
ª Contents of the course
ª Materials
u Preparation for next week

Lecture 1 EE 471C / EE 381K-17 Heath 26

 The network stack
OSI Network Model Focus of this class

Signal Processing
Algorithms
Antennas &
Circuits

Lecture 1 EE 471C / EE 381K-17 Heath 27

 DSP approach to wireless
Inputs System Outputs

0110110 h[n] 0110110

h(t)

time time

time time

Use systems approach for communication

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 Typical digital communication system
transmitter
Source Channel Modulation Analog
Source Coding Processing
Coding

Propagation
Medium

Sink
Source
Decoding
Channel
Decoding
Demodulation
Analog
Processing
real
world
receiver
channel
digital analog
Lecture 1 EE 471C / EE 381K-17 Heath 29
 How this fits with the lab
transmitter

Channel
Source Modulation D/A RF Upconversion
Coding
channel

receiver

Channel
Sink Demodulation A/D RF Downconversion
Decoding

Real
Laptop with MATLAB NI USRP 2921 world
(all digital signal processing)
Lecture 1 EE 471C / EE 381K-17 Heath 30 30
 Preview of today’s lecture
u Introduction to wireless communication
u Wireless communication lab at UT
ª How the course works
ª A DSP approach to wireless
ª Connection to the lab
ª Contents of the course
ª Materials
u Preparation for next week

Lecture 1 EE 471C / EE 381K-17 Heath 31

 Content of the course
u Digital comm overview Mathematical preliminaries
u Signals, stochastic processes
u Transforms, sampling theorm
u Frequency response, power spectrum, bandwidth
u Upconversion, downconversion, complex baseband Basic digital comm
u Quadrature pulse amplitude modulation
u Optimal pulse shapes
u Maximum likelihood detection in AWGN
u Sample timing offset, sample timing algorithms Channel impairments
u Frequency selective channels, least squares channel estimation
u Frequency offset estimation and correction, frequency domain equalization
u Single carrier frequency domain equalization, OFDM, the cyclic prefix Standards
u Introduction to propagation, large-scale fading, link budgets, path-loss Fading
u Small-scale fading, coherence time, coherence bandwidth
u Introduction to MIMO communication, spatial multiplexing
u Introduction to MIMO-OFDM MIMO
u Multiuser and massive MIMO
u Millimeter wave MIMO

Lecture 1 EE 471C / EE 381K-17 Heath 3232

 Content of the course
u Digital comm overview
u Signals, stochastic processes
u Transforms, sampling theorm
u Frequency response, power spectrum, bandwidth
Upconversion, downconversion, complex baseband
u
u Quadrature pulse amplitude modulation Done
u
u
Optimal pulse shapes
Maximum likelihood detection in AWGN
in the Lab
u Sample timing offset, sample timing algorithms
u Frequency selective channels, least squares channel estimation
u Frequency offset estimation and correction, frequency domain equalization
u Single carrier frequency domain equalization, OFDM, the cyclic prefix
u Introduction to propagation, large-scale fading, link budgets, path-loss
u Small-scale fading, coherence time, coherence bandwidth
u Introduction to MIMO communication, spatial multiplexing
u Introduction to MIMO-OFDM
u Multiuser and massive MIMO
u Millimeter wave MIMO

Lecture 1 EE 471C / EE 381K-17 Heath 3333

 New features for Fall 2018
u All labs are being rewritten to use the USRP + MATLAB
ª Leverages available universal drivers for MATLAB
ª Less time spent learning LabVIEW, more on other experiments

u Better coordination of the lecture and lab materials

ª Labs and homeworks are tightly coupled
ª Reduced redundancy between the lecture and lab
ª Material in lab comes after the lecture

Lecture 1 EE 471C / EE 381K-17 Heath 34

 Preview of today’s lecture
u Introduction to wireless communication
u Wireless communication lab at UT
ª How the course works
ª A DSP approach to wireless
ª Connection to the lab
ª Contents of the course
ª Materials
u Preparation for next week

Lecture 1 EE 471C / EE 381K-17 Heath 35

 Course textbook
u Written over 12 years
ª Around 470 pages
ª Many examples
ª Problems from homeworks / exams

u Innovations from previous years

ª More examples
ª Additional problems
ª New content especially in impairments

Lecture 1 EE 471C / EE 381K-17 Heath 36

 Laboratory equipment
Daughterboard (up)

Tunable RF Transceiver Signal Processing and

Synthesis
Time Reference

Frequency Motherboard (down)

Reference
Gigabit Ethernet to PC
ª Plug-and-play capability
MIMO cable to connect 2 USRPs ª Up to 25 MS/s baseband IQ

You will plug the USRP into your

Power Supply
laptop (bring gigabit ethernet adapter)
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 Laboratory experiments
Software defined radio and the USRP hardware
Working with the USRP
Estimating signal parameters
Sampling and interpolation
Communication in AWGN channels
Narrowband channel impairments
SCFDE and channel estimation
Joint carrier frequency offset estimation and synchronization
OFDM and channel estimation
Synchronization in OFDM systems
Lecture 1 EE 471C / EE 381K-17 Heath 38
 Preview of today’s lecture
u Introduction to wireless communication
u Wireless communication lab at UT
ª How the course works
ª A DSP approach to wireless
ª Connection to the lab
ª Contents of the course
ª Materials
u Preparation for next week

Lecture 1 EE 471C / EE 381K-17 Heath 39

 Preparation for next week
u Reading
ª Chapter 1 and 2 of the textbook

u Lab
ª Introduction to the USRP
ª No preparation required
ª For future labs: Review MATLAB and install on your laptop

u Homework
ª Complete homework #1

Lecture 1 EE 471C / EE 381K-17 Heath 40