11.3.

2015

Power Electronic Converters in

Electric Drives

EES 472 Electric Drives

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mutlu BOZTEPE
Ege University, 2015

Power Processing Units (PPU)

 Efficient conversion of power from line frequency AC to appropriate
form required by the motor
 Sub-blocks of PPUs
– Rectifier: Convert line freq. AC to DC, Capacitor reduces ripple,
approximately 99% eff.
– Switched-mode converter: Supplies the motor with voltages and
currents of appropriate form (ac or dc)

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Switch-mode Converters
 Transistors operated as switches: either fully on, or fully off.
 Typical PPU efficiencies exceed 95%, and can exceed 98% in very
large power ratings.
 Therefore energy efficiency of adjustable speed drives is
comparable to that of conventional line-fed motors, or even more.

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Analysis of Switched-Mode Converters

•DC input voltage (Vd)

is chopped at constant
frequency.
• Control voltage (Vc,A )
modulates the output
voltage
• Inductance ensures
that output current
remains smooth.

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Pulse Width Modulation (PWM)

qA(t): Switching function

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Average output voltage over one switching cycle

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How does VAN depends on control voltageVc,A?

 Triangular waveform varies in between –Vtri < Vc,A< Vtri , i.e. 2Vtri
 Then the slope is,

 And relationship is

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What about offset?

 We can find offset term by substituting the results of one of the

operating points.
offset=1/2
 Then

 By substituting dA into equation of gives,

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Average output voltage

 The average output voltage at current port can be controlled by

duty-ratio dA(t)
 dA(t) depends on the control voltage
 Usually control voltage varies with time in order to synthesize
sinusoidal ac output, but much more slowly compared to the
switching frequency waveform Vtri.
 Instantaneous output voltage , in addition to its average value,
contains a ripple component at high switching frequency.
 Due to the motor inductance resulting current iA is relatively smooth.

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Example 4.1

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Average Representation of a Pole

Input and output current

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Average Representation of a Pole

Ideal Transformer

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Pole as a Two Quadrant Converter

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Example 4.2

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Example 4.2

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Example 4.3

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Example 4.3

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Example 4.3

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Example 4.3

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Calculation of Ripple Current

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Implementation of bi-positional switch

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Switched Mode Converters for

DC-Motor Drives

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Analysis of DC-Motor Drives Based on

Average Quantities

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Three Phase Inverter AC-Motor Drives

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Transformer Equivalent of a
Three Phase Converter

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Power Semiconductor Devices

 The power devices characterized by the following quantities:
– Voltage rating up to 9kV
– Current rating ~ kA
– Switching speeds ~ 1us
– On-State voltage drop 1V to 3V
– Cost
– Driving requirements
– etc..

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Controlled Switches

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Controlled Switches

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Controlled Switches

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Simulate Circuit using PSIM and obtain waveforms

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Summary

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Summary

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Summary

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Summary

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