Continuity vs Change

Bryan Nguyen & Carl Luis Alferes

 What is Continuity vs Change?

The term “continuity vs change’’ is self-explanatory. Continuity is

something that is ongoing and does not have any intention of
changing. Change is intentionally altering (something or someone).
 USA ECONOMICS
In the 1900s, many Americans purchased
cars due to their affordability. Cars were
essential to the American life because it was
a form of transportation and used for the
military. With many cars produced, there
come high demands from other
manufacturing companies. For example,
leather or polyester required for the interior
of the vehicle, such as seating. Also, rubber
needed for the use of tires, and metal was
for the body/exterior of the vehicle. Finally,
companies that involve lighting required to
produce the headlights of the vehicle.
 USA GOVERNMENT & SOCIETY
The Great Depression left a result of
inflation and high demands in agriculture.
The first to be affected were farmers, and
due to the high demands in agriculture,
farmers produced an abundance of crops
necessary. On the other hand, due to
inflation, many citizens could not have
afforded the food. The government
implemented the "Agricultural Adjustment
Act;" a federal law that had decided to pay
the farmers subsidies to produce less and
burn some of the crops.
 RUSSIA ECONOMICS
War communism in Russia was during their
civil war between the Bolsheviks and the
Mensheviks. The purpose of war
communism was for trade, agriculture,
eliminating money, and nationalization, etc.
This method negatively impacted Russia's
economy, such as agriculture and
industries. By early 1921, war communism
discontinued, and the Bolsheviks
introduced the "New Economic Policy." The
New Economic Policy" (N.E.P) was to support
the economy to recover from communism
before.
 RUSSIA GOVERNMENT & SOCIETY
"Tsar Nicholas II" became the ruler of Russia and was
unable to rule effectively. He expressed he was not
ready to lead the country. Nicholas II releases the
leadership as Tsar and Alexander Kerensky became
temporary government. Later, the Provisional
Government takes over permanently. All the
governments tried to overthrow Kerensky; however,
Nicholas II Alexander Kerensky Vladimir Lenin
Vladimir Lenin was the successor in the end. Lenin
represented a party of socialist but had some
disagreements with others and later led a party called
the "Bolsheviks." After Lenin's death, "Joseph Stalin"
raised in power. Soon as Stalin was powered, he wanted
to remove all threats from the party. Stalin noticed a
man named "Leon Trotsky" as a threat. Therefore he
banished Trotsky to Mexico. Trotsky was arrogant, so
Stalin sent his men to assassinate Trotsky with a
pickaxe. Stalin had the taste of power and did not want
to stop. He wanted to overthrow Christianity in society
so everyone would look up to him as a god. Joseph Stalin Leon Trotsky
 ITALY ECONOMICS
A secret treaty between neutral Italy and
allied forces of France, Britain and Russia,
The treaty of London. Due to Italy’s border
with Austria, the allies wanted Italy to
participate. In return of pledging to enter
war in a month, Italy was promised to
receive territories. There were many Italians
who opposed the idea of entering war and
favoured neutrality instead. Despite that
Italy still decided to enter war against
Austria-Hungary.
 ITALY GOVERNMENT & SOCIETY
Mussolini initially started as a socialist but then
into a fascist. It started in Mussolini’s early
adulthood where he spent time travelling; getting
involved in Switzerland's socialist party. He then
moved to Austria-Hungary to become an editor for
another socialist newspaper, but was then
deported back to Italy and eventually ended up
falling away from socialism and into fascism.
Mussolini started his own newspaper which he
used to gather supporters into a national
organization called “Fasci Italiani di
Combattimento,” which encouraged violence.
Finally, Mussolini became Prime minister, Minister
of the interior, minister for foreign affairs and then
declared himself dictator. After marching into
Rome with armed Fascist, and giving a speech to Benito Mussolini

Italian parliament.
 GERMANY ECONOMICS
Developed in the beginning of the 21st century, an
expressway network in Europe. This expressway
were meant to provide commuting, travel, and
cargo supply but was was intentionally for
transportation of military, which made it more
effective for battle. The “Autobahn” proved to be a
key asset to Germany in terms of war. Hitler wanted
to provide Volkswagen, a “people’s car” to give to
Adolf Hitler
dutiful workers and to fill the Autobahn. Before the
production, over 360,000 Germans paid in full or in
installments for the vehicle. In the end, “Ferdinand
Porsche,” the designer of the vehicle was moved to
produce military vehicles instead, and for people
who purchased a car; never received a vehicle or a
refund as the money was to fund the future wars.

Ferdinand Porsche
 GERMANY GOVERNMENT & SOCIETY
“Gleichschaltung the process of the Nazi party
taking control over all aspects of Germany,”
also known as “Nazification.” In the judicial
system, this act removed any judges that were
deemed non-compliant with Nazi laws or
principles. Judges or judicial official who would
not intervene in cases and rule in favour of
Nazis were to be retired by an act. “The People’s
Court,” a Nazi creation with judges chosen
specifically for their Nazi beliefs. It had
replaced the supreme court and then
Nazification of the judicial system was
complete. Gleichschaltung tried to reach every
aspect of rule in Germany, but because local
governments were harder to infiltrate; it was
hard to achieve.