Step 1: processing and preparing the data for analysis.

This step involves transcription of

the interview, scanning the material, typing in field data, or sorting and sorting the data into
different types depending on the source of the information.

Step 2: read the entire data. The first step is to build a general sense of the information
obtained and reflect on its overall meaning. In this process what needs to be considered is
the general idea of what the participants say, what the tone of the ideas is, and how the
participants' impressions are. At this stage, qualitative researchers sometimes write specific
notes or general ideas about the data obtained.

Step 3: analyze in more detail by coding the data. Coding is the process of processing
material or information into segments of writing before interpreting it (Rossman and Rallis,
1998: 171). This step involves several stages, namely, taking the written or image data that
has been collected during the collection process, segmenting the sentences or images into
categories then labeling these categories with specific terms which are often based on the
correct term / language. -Completely from the participants.

In qualitative research. Data coding or data coding plays an important role in the data
analysis process, and determines the quality of the research data abstraction. When the
researcher performs the analysis, what is coded is the meaning of statements, behaviors,
events, feelings, actions of the informants, and others depending on what is contained in
data segment faced. There are a number of questions that researchers can ask when
dealing with data segments, which if it can help to do the coding as follows:

• What's going on here?

• What are the assumptions behind this event?

• What did the informant want to convey with this statement?

• Essentially, what exactly is this informant doing?

• What did this informant mean to do this?

• What does this event mean?

• What feelings did this informant's statement reflect?

The questions above are only a few of the questions that can help researchers in coding the
statements, behaviors, feelings, actions of the informants that they encounter in the data
segments.

Step 4: Apply a ciding process to describe the settings, people, categories and themes to be
analyzed. This description involves conveying detailed information about people, locations,
events in a particular setting. Researchers can generate codes to describe all of this
information, then anilize it for a case study, ethnographic, or narrative research project. After
that, apply the coding process to create a small number of themes or categories, can be five
to seven categories. These themes are usually the main results in qualitative research and
are often used to create titles in the research results section. After identifying themes during
the coding process, the qualitative researcher can further utilize these themes to make more
complex analyzes.

Step 5: show how these descriptions and themes will be restated in a qualitative narrative or
report. A popular approach is to apply a narrative approach in presenting the results of the
analysis. This approach may include discussion of the chronology of events, certain themes
or about the relationship between them. Qualitative researchers can also use visuals,
pictures, or tables to help present the discussion. They can present a process (as in
grounded theory), describe specific research sites (as in ethnography), or provide descriptive
information about participants in a table (as in case studies).

Step 6: The final step in data analysis is to interpret or interpret the data. Asking questions
such as "What lessons can be drawn from all of this". Will help researchers reveal the
essence of an idea. This lesson can be the personal interpretation of the researcher, based
on the fact that the researcher brings culture, history, and personal experiences to the
research. In this case, the research confirms whether the research results confirm or refute
the information. This interpretation can also take the form of new questions that need to be
answered next: questions that arise from data and analysts, and not from the results of
research forecasts. Thus, interpretation of data in qualitative research can take many forms,
can be adapted for different types of designs, and can be personal, research- and action-
based.