2nd Quarter SLEM 9

MATHEMATICS SLEM GRADE 9 SECOND QUARTER
G9 SLEM # 1 – WEEK 1 – 2nd QUARTER

QUADRATIC EQUATION
EXPECTATION
Learning Competency: Illustrate quadratic equations.
After going through this module, you are expected to:

• illustrate quadratic equations; and
• identify terms related to quadratic equations.
PRETEST
Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. What is the general form of a quadratic equation?

A. ax2 + bx + c
B. ax2 + bx + c = 0
C. ax + b
D. ax + b = 0
2. Which of the following is a quadratic equation?

A. 2x2 + 3x + 4
B. 3x2 + 4x + 5 = 0
C. 5x + 8
D. 6x + 9 = 0

A. 5x3 + 3x + 4 = 0
B. x2 + 4x + 5 = 0
C. 5x + 8 = 0
D. 6x4 + 9 = 0
LOOKING BACK
Special Product and Factoring are the most applied

concepts in this lesson. Applying different mathematical concepts or
principles in finding the product is important to identify what kind of
equation in the given expressions. Some of it are the product of two
binomials, sum and difference of two squares, square of binomial and sum
and difference of two cubes.
others.
BRIEF INTRODUCTION OF THE LESSON
Quadratic Equation
The word “quadratic” comes from “quadratum”, the Latin word for
square. Hence, we define a quadratic equation as an equation where the
variable is of the second degree. Therefore, a quadratic equation is also
called an “Equation of degree 2”.
Consider this problem.
Suppose you own a lot of land and want to build a house there.
Let the area of the lot be 300 m2. You want your house to have a breadth
equal to twice its length. Let ‘x’ be the length and breadth is 2x. Also,
we must have the length x breadth equals the area of the house. How
will you optimize the area of land that you have? We can write the area
of the house as (x) × (2x) = 2x2. If 2x2 = 300, we have optimized the
area available to us. This is a quadratic equation.
A quadratic equation in one variable is a mathematical sentence of

degree 2 that can be written in the standard form, ax2 + bx + c = 0,
where a, b and c are real numbers and a≠ 0. In addition, ax2 is the
quadratic term, bx is the linear term, and c is the constant term. a is the
quadratic coefficient and b is the linear coefficient.
Examples of Quadratic Equation:
1. 5x2 + 3x + 2 = 0 is a quadratic equation where,
a = 5, b = 3, and c = 2.
2. 2m2 - 5 = 0 is a quadratic equation where,
a = 2 and c = -5.
3. Is the equation 3(x2 + 7) = 4 a quadratic equation or not?

3(x2 + 7) = 4 Apply the Distributive
Property of Multiplication
2
3x + 3(7) = 4
3x2 + 21 = 4
3x2 + 21 – 4 = 0 APE
2
3x + 17 = 0 Simplify
Therefore, 3x2 + 17 = 0 is a quadratic equation where, 3x2 is the

quadratic term and 17 is the constant term.
ACTIVITY
I. Check the box which illustrates quadratic equation.
x2 -5x+3 = 0 9r2 -25 = 0 c = 12n – 5
2s + 3t = -7 x2 +3x = 8 6p – q = 10
8k – 3 = 12 4m2 +4m + 1 = 0 r2 =144
II. Tell whether each of the following situation illustrates a quadratic

equation. Justify your answer by representing each situation by a
mathematical sentence.
1. The length of a swimming pool is 8 m longer than its width and

the area is 105 m2.
2. Edna paid at least Php1,200.00 for a pair of pants and a
blouse. The cost of the pair of pants is Php 600.00 more than
the cost of the blouse.
3. A motorcycle driver travels 15 kph faster than a bicycle rider.
The motorcycle driver covers 60 km in two hours less than the
time it takes the bicycle rider to travel the same distance.
4. A realty developer sells residential lots for Php4,000 per

square meter plus a processing fee of Php25,000. One of the
lots the realty developer is selling costs Php625,000.
5. A garden 7 m by 12 m will be expanded by planting a border
of flowers. The border will be of the same width around the
entire garden and has an area of 92 m2.
REMEMBER
A quadratic equation is an “Equation of degree 2”. A quadratic

equation in one variable is a mathematical sentence of degree 2 that
can be written in the form 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0, where a, b, and c are
real numbers and a≠ 0.
CHECKING YOUR UNDERSTANDING

I. Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your chosen letter on
the separate sheet of paper.
1. What is the general form of a quadratic equation?
A. ax2 + bx + c C. ax2 + bx + c = 0
B. ax + b D. ax + b = 0
2. What is the degree of a quadratic equation?

A. 1 C. 2
B. 3 D. 4

A. x+1 = 3 C. x2 + 1 + (x + 3)2
B. x (x + 2) D. x2 + 4x = -4
4. What is the quadratic coefficient of 3x2+ 5x -9 = 0?

A. 3 C. x2
B. 3x D. 5x
5. What is the constant term of the equation x2 + 2x + 3 = 0?

A. 1 C. 2x
2
B. x D. 3
II. Write each equation in standard form ax2 + bx + c = 0 then identify the
values of a, b, and c.
Equation Standard Form Value of Value of Value of

a b c
1. (2x+3) x = 4
1. (x+3)(x+5) =0
3. 2x (x- 7) = -3
4. 6x – 5x2 = 8
5. (2x -3)2 + 7 = 0
POSTTEST
1. What is the quadratic coefficient of the equation 3x2 + 4x + 5 = 0?

A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 0
2. What is the constant term of the quadratic equation 3x2 + 4x + 5 =

0?
A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 0
3. What is the standard form of the equation (2x-7) (x-1) = 0?

A. 2x2 - 9x + 7 = 0 C. 2x2 - 9x - 7 = 0
B. 2x2 + 9x + 7 = 0 D. 2x2 + 9x - 7 = 0

QUADRATIC EQUATIONS BY EXTRACTING SQUARE
ROOT
EXPECTATION
Learning Competency: Solve quadratic equations by: (a) extracting

square roots; (b) factoring; (c) completing the square; and (d) using the
quadratic formula.
After going through this module, you are expected to solve quadratic
equations by extracting the square roots.
PRETEST
1. What is the value of x in x2 = 121?
A. 60.5 B. ±11 C. ±12 D. 11
2. What is the of x in x2 = 13?
A. 13 B. ± √13 C. ±169 D. 13
3. Which of the following quadratic equations can be solved by
extracting the square root?
A. x2 – 6x = 135 C. x2 – 64 = 0
B. x2 = -5x + 84 D. 0 = 3x2 – 4x
LOOKING BACK
A quadratic equation is in standard form if it is written as ax2 + bx +

c = 0 where a, b, and c are real numbers and a ≠ 0. Quadratic equations
can have two real solutions, one real solution, or no real solution—in
which case there will be two complex solutions.
x2 – 25 =0
OMG! What am I going to do
with these equations? How 3x2 – 27 =0
could I solve these equations? 2x2 = 72
Rule:
Square Root Property
If c is a real number and x2 = c, then x = ±√𝑐 .
Illustrative Example 1: x2 – 25 = 0
To obtain an accurate and simplified solution, it is important that

some steps are to be followed:
x2 = 25 APE
√𝑥2 = √25 Apply the square root property.
x=±5 Extract the square root.
Check your answer.
For x = 5: For x = -5
x2 = 25 x2 = 25
(5)2 = 25 (-5)2 = 25
25 = 25 25 = 25
The equation is true for x = 5 and x = -5. Therefore, the roots are 5
and -5.
Illustrative Example 2: 2x2 = 72

2𝑥 2 72
= 2
2
x2 = 36 MPE
√𝑥2 = √36 Square Root Property

x= ± 6 Extract the Square Root.
Check your answer.
For x = 6 For x = -6
2
2x = 72 2x2 = 72
2(6)2 = 72 2(-6)2 = 72
2(36) = 72 2(36) = 72
72 = 72 72 = 72
Therefore, the roots are 6 and -6.
Illustrative Example 3: 3x2 – 27 =0
3x2 = 27 Addition Property of Equality.

x2 = 9 Multiplication Property, multiply both sides of the
equation by 1/3
√𝑥2 = √9 Square Root Property
x= ± 3
Therefore, the roots are 3 and -3.
ACTIVITY
Shade the corresponding roots in the box for the given quadratic
equations. Write the letter/s of the answer in the box below corresponding
to the item number.
1. x2 = 36 2. x2 – 9 = 0 3. x2 = 121 4. 3x2 – 12 = 0 5. 2x2 = 338
MA ±6 A ±8 LO ±2
FUL ±7 I ± 13 BE ± 12
VE ± 11 T ±1 TH ±3
5 4 3 1 2
Message:
REMEMBER

If c is a real number and x2 = c, then x = ±√𝑐 .

If c is a real number and x2 = c, then x = √𝑐 .
I. Choose the letter of the correct answer. Then write it on a separate
sheet of paper.
1. In the square root property, if x2 = c and c ≥ 0, then x is equal to

____.
A. c B. √𝑐 C. -√𝑐 D. ±√𝑐
2. What is the value of x in x2 = 49?
A. ±7 B. ±6 C. ±5 D. ±4
3. If 2x2 – 32 = 0, then x = ± 4. What principle is applied to get the

value of x?
A. Zero Product C. Addition Property of Equality
B. Division property of Equality D. Square Root Property
4. What is the value of x that satisfies the equation 4x2 – 9 = 135.

A. ±7 B. ±6 C. ±5 D. ±4
5. What are the roots of the quadratic equation 12 = 3x2?

A. ± 2 B. ± 3 C. ± 4 D. ± 5
II. Read and analyze the given problem. Write your answer on a
separate sheet of paper. Show your complete solution.
How do you solve an equation

by extracting square roots?
The problem looks like this:
(x – 3)2 = 4
POSTTEST
Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the
chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.
1. What is the value of x in x2 = - 49?

A. ± 7 C. ± 2401
B. - 7 D. No real solution
2. What is the value of x in x2 - 4 = 0?
A. {2} B. {2, -2} C. {4.5} D. {1, -1}
3. Which of the following property is applied if x2 = c, then x = ±√c?

A. Square Root Property C. Addition Property
B. Multiplication Property D. Zero Product Property
SOLVING QUADRATIC EQUATIONS BY FACTORING
EXPECTATION
Learning Competency: Solve quadratic equations by (a) extracting

square roots, (b) factoring; (c) completing the square; and (d) using the
quadratic formula.
equations by factoring.
PRETEST
1. What are the solutions of the quadratic equation x2 – 4x -21 = 0?

A. x = 7, x = 3 C. x = 7, x = -3
B. x = -7, x = -3 D. x = -7, x = 3
2. Which quadratic equation has the roots of x = -4 and x = -3?

A. x2 + 7x +12 = 0 C. x2 - 7x -12 = 0
B. x2 + 7x -12 = 0 D. x2 - 7x +12 = 0
3. What are the roots of the quadratic equation 2x2 -7x +3= 0?
1 1
A. {- , 3} C. {- , -3}
2 2
1 1
B. { , 3} D. { , - 3}
2 2
LOOKING BACK
The lesson about Factoring methods is needed in this lesson.
Factoring is the reverse of multiplication. We say that a number is
completely factored when it is in the prime factorization form. There are
different factoring methods used such as factoring by grouping, difference
of two squares, factoring trinomials, and others.
A quadratic equation is a second-degree equation in one variable.

It is written in the standard form: ax2 + bx + c = 0, where a, b and c are
In solving quadratic equations, there are different methods that can

be used. One of it is the factoring method. If a and b are complex numbers
and if ab = 0, then either a = 0 or b = 0, or both equal to 0.
Example 1. Solve the quadratic equation: x2 + 9x + 8 = 0.
x2 + 9x + 8 = 0 Check if it is in the standard form
(x +8) (x+1) = 0 Factor the left side
x+8 = 0 or x+1 =0 Apply the Zero – Product Property
x = - 8 or x = -1
Therefore, the solution set is {- 8, -1}.
Example 2. Solve the quadratic equation: x2 – 11x = - 28.
Since the equation is not written in standard form, arrange it first.
x2 – 11x = - 28
x2 – 11x + 28 = 0 Standard form
(x - 7) (x – 4) = 0 Factor the left side
x – 7 = 0 or x -4 = 0 Apply the Zero - Product Property
x = 7 or x = 4
Therefore, the solution set is {7, 4}.

Example 3. Find the roots of the quadratic equation, 2x2 +x – 6 = 0.
2x2 +x – 6 = 0.
(2x – 3) (x + 2) = 0 Factor the left side
2x – 3 = 0 or x +2 = 0 Apply the Zero - Product Property
2x = 3 or x = - 2
3
x =2 or x = -2
𝟑
Therefore, the solution set is { 𝟐 , -2}.
ACTIVITY
Match the quadratic equation from Column A to its roots in Column
B. Write the letter of the correct answer.
Column A Column B
1. (𝑥 + 2) (𝑥 + 5) = 0 A. 𝑥 = −8, 𝑥 = 9
2. 𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 + 16 = 0 B. 𝑥 = 4, 𝑥 = 2
3. 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 = 45 C. 𝑥 = −2, 𝑥 = −5
4. 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 72 = 0 D. 𝑥 = 3, 𝑥 = −6
5. (𝑥 − 3)(𝑥 + 6) = 0 E. 𝑥 = 4, 𝑥 = 4
6. 3𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 + 4 = 0 F. 𝑥 = 5, 𝑥 = −9
2
7. 2𝑥 2 − 12𝑥 + 16 = 0 G. 𝑥 = −2, 𝑥 = 5
3
8. 5𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 = 4 H. 𝑥 = 2 , 𝑥 = −3
9
9. 4𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 − 9 = 0 I. 𝑥 = −1, 𝑥 = 4
2
10. (2𝑥 − 3)(2𝑥 + 6) = 0 J. 𝑥 = −2, 𝑥 = − 3
REMEMBER
To solve quadratic equation by factoring, use the different

factoring techniques such as factoring by grouping, difference of two
squares, perfect square trinomials and apply the Zero - Product
Property.

sheet of paper.
1. What are the roots of the quadratic equation x 2 + x − 56 = 0?

A. {7 , 8 } B. {7 , −8 } C. {−7 , 8 } D. {−7 , −8}
2. Which of the following equations has roots of 5 and -3?

A. x 2 − 8x + 15 = 0 C. x 2 − 2x + 15 = 0
B. x 2 − 8x − 15 = 0 D. x 2 − 2x − 15 = 0
3. One of the roots of the quadratic equation 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 32 = 0 is -8.

Which of the following is the other root?
A. 4 B. −4 C. 8 D. −8
4. Which of the following equations has roots of -4 and 2?
A. 2x 2 + 4x − 16 = 0 C. 2x 2 − 4x + 16 = 0
𝐵. 2x 2 − 4x − 16 = 0 D. 2x 2 + 4x + 16 = 0
5. What are the roots of the quadratic equation 3𝑥 2 + 9𝑥 + 6 = 0 ?
A. 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 1 C. 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 − 1
B. −2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 1 D. −2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 − 1
I. Read and analyze the given problem. Write your answer on a

1. The area of a rectangular garden is (𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 + 15) 𝑚2 , what are
its dimensions?
2. The area of a square plot is (9x2 -24x + 16), what is the measure
of its side?
POSTTEST
3
1. One of the roots of the quadratic equation 4𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 3 = 0 is .
4
Which of the following is the other root?
3 3
A. −1 B. 1 C. − 4 D. 4
2. Which quadratic equation has the roots of x = -6 and x = -14?

A. x2 + 20x + 84 = 0 C. x2 - 20x - 84 = 0
B. x2 + 20x - 84 = 0 D. x2 - 20x +84 = 0
3. What are the roots of the quadratic equation 2x2 -17x +30= 0?
5 5
A. {- , 6} C. {- , -6}
2 2
5 5
B. { , 6} D. { , -6}
2 2

QUADRATIC EQUATIONS BY COMPLETING THE SQUARE
EXPECTATION

quadratic formula.
After going through this module, you are expected to find the roots of a
quadratic equation by completing the square.
PRETEST
3
1. What number should be added to x2 - 2 x to complete the
square?
9 9 3 3
A. 16 B. - 16 C. 4 D. − 4
5
2. Which quadratic equation has the roots of x = 2 and x = 6?
A. 2x2 + 17x +30 = 0 C. 2x2 - 17x - 30 = 0
B. 2x2 +17x - 30 = 0 D. 2x2 - 17x + 30 = 0
3. What are the roots of the quadratic equation x2 - x – 6 = 1?

1 ±√29 −1 ±√29
A. { } C. { }
2 4
−1 ±√29 1 ±√29
B. { 2 } D. { }
4
LOOKING BACK
In solving quadratic equation of the form ax2 – c = 0, extracting the
square was the best method. If the factors of the quadratic expression of
ax2 + bx + c = 0 are determined, then it is more convenient to use factoring
to solve it.
Completing the square is another method used to solve quadratic

equations. A factoring technique on creating a perfect square trinomial.
The constant term in the trinomial is equal to the square of one- half of the
𝑏
coefficient of the x-term or c = (2)2 . This relationship allows us to form a
perfect square trinomial ax2 + bx + c in variable x by adding a proper
constant term.
Illustrative Example 1: Find the solution set of x2 –4x - 60 = 0.
To obtain an accurate and simplified solution, it is important that

some steps are to be followed:
x2 – 4x - 60 = 0
x2 – 4x = 60 1. Rewrite the equation where the
constant term is on the other side.
1
[ (−4)]2 = 4 2. Take half of b and square the result.
2
x2 – 4x + 4 = 60 + 4 3. Add the square to each side of the

equation.
(x – 2 )2 = 64 4. Write the left side as a perfect
square and simplify the right side.
√(𝑥 − 2 )2 = √64 5. Use the square root property to
solve for x.
x–2 =±8 6. Simplify
x- 2 = 8 x- 2 = - 8
x = 8+2 x = -8 + 2
x = 10 x = -6
Therefore, the solution set is { -6, 10}.

Illustrative Example 2: Solve for the roots of x2 – 6x + 8 = 0.
x2 – 6x = - 8 1. Rewrite the equation where the

constant term is on the other side.
1
[ (−6)]2 = 9 2. Take half of b and square the result.
2
x2 – 6x + 9 = - 8 + 9 3. Add the square to each side of the

equation.
(x – 3 )2 = 1 4. Write the left side as a perfect
square and simplify the right side.
solve for x.
x–3 =±1 6. Simplify
x- 3 = 1 x- 3 = - 1
x = 3+1 x = 3-1
x=4 x=2
Therefore, the solution set is {2, 4}
Illustrative Example 3: Find the roots of 4x2 – 8x +1 = 0.
In the given example a > 1, therefore, to solve it using completing

the square, divide all the terms of the equation by the numerical coefficient
of x2.
4x2 – 8x = -1 1. If a≠1, multiply both sides of the

1
equation by 𝑎.
1
x2 – 2x = -
4
1
[ (−2)]2 = 1 2.Take half of b and square the result.
2
1
x2 – 2x + 1 = - 4 + 1 3. Add the square to each side of the
equation.
3
(x – 1 )2 = 4. Write the left side as a perfect square
4
trinomial. Perform the operations on
the other sides square and simplify the
right side.
3
solve for x.
√3
x–1=± 6. Simplify
2
√3 √3
x-1= 2
x-1=- 2
√3 √3
x=1+ x=1-
2 2
√3 √3
Therefore, the solution set is {1 + ,1- }.
2 2
ACTIVITY
DECODE the Message. Find the roots of the given quadratic

equations. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper. Show your
complete solution.
1. 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 8 = 0 COMPLETE
2. 6𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 − 72 = 0 MAKE
3. 3𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 − 45 = 0 LIFE
4. (𝑥 + 1)2 = 49 YOU
5. 𝑥 − 3 = ±13 MY
___________ ___________ ____________
𝑥 = 6, 𝑥 = −8 𝑥 = 4, 𝑥 = −3 𝑥 = 16, 𝑥 = −10
___________ ___________
𝑥 = 3, 𝑥 = −5 𝑥 = 2, 𝑥 = −4
REMEMBER
To solve for the roots of a quadratic equation using completing the
square, follow the following steps:
1. Rewrite the equation where the constant term is on the other side.
𝑏
2. Take half of b and square the result or c = (2)2.
3. Add the square to each side of the equation.
4. Write the left side as a perfect square and simplify the right side.
5. Use the square root property to solve for x.
6. Simplify.
Note: If a > 1, divide all the terms of the equation by the numerical
coefficient of x2.

sheet of paper.
1. What are the roots of the quadratic equation 𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 − 16 = 0

A. 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 8 B. −2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 8 C. 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 − 8 D. −2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 − 8
2. Which of the following equations has roots of 6 and -2?
A. 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 12 = 0 C. 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 − 12 = 0
B. 𝑥 2 + 12𝑥 − 4 = 0 D. 𝑥 2 − 12 − 4 = 0
5
3. What number should be added to x2 + 7 x + ___ to complete the
square?
25 25
A. 196 C. − 196
196 196
B. D. −
25 25
4. Which of the following value(s) makes the quadratic equation

𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 − 27 = 0 a true statement?
A. −3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 − 9 B. 3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 9 C. 3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 − 9 D. −3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 9
5. In solving the quadratic equation x2 + 6x + 4 = 0 by the method of

completing the square, what will be the resulting equation?
A. (𝑥 + 3)2 = 5 C. (𝑥 + 3)2 = - 5
B. (𝑥 − 3)2 = 5 D. (𝑥 − 3)2 = - 5
II. Solve the given problem by using completing the square. Show
your complete solution.
If you were to choose between completing the square and factoring in

finding the solutions of the following equations, which would you
choose? Explain and solve using your preferred method.
a. 4𝑥 2 − 20𝑥 = 11
b. 𝑥 2 + 7𝑥 + 12 = 0
POSTTEST
1. What number should be added to the equation x2 + 8x + ___ to make

it a perfect square trinomial?
A. 4 B. -4 C. 16 D. -16
2. What are the roots of the given quadratic equation, x2 + 4x – 13 =

0?
A. 2±√17 B. - 2±√17 C. 2±√11 D. - 2±√11
3. What are the solution set of the quadratic equation x2 + 8x +2 = 22?

A. {2,10} B. {-2, -10} C. { -2,10} D. {2, -10}

SOLVING QUADRATIC EQUATIONS BY QUADRATIC
FORMULA
EXPECTATION

quadratic formula.
After going through this module, you are expected to find the roots of a
quadratic equation by quadratic formula.
PRETEST
1. Which is the quadratic formula?
𝑏±√𝑏 2 +4𝑎𝑐 –𝑏±√𝑏 2 + 4𝑎𝑐

A. 𝑥= 2𝑎
C. 𝑥= 2𝑎
𝑏±√𝑏 2 −4𝑎𝑐 −𝑏±√𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐

B. 𝑥= D. 𝑥=
2𝑎𝑐 2𝑎
2. What are the roots of the equations x2 – 3x + 2 = 0?

A. 1, –2 C. –1, –2
B. –1, 2 D. 1, 2
3. What are the roots of x2 − 6x + 2 = 0 using quadratic formula?

A. 2 ± √5 C. ±√5
B. 3 ± √7 D. ± √7
LOOKING BACK
In Lot A, identify a, b, and c of the given quadratic equation.
In Lot B, evaluate b2 – 4ac.
In Lot C, classify the given trinomial as factorable or non-factorable.
In Lot D, give the factors of the quadratic trinomial. Write NA if it is non-

factorable.
x2 + 3x + 1 = 0
a=1
b=3 non-factorable
c=1 Lot A Lot C
I. 𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐
(3)2 − 4(1)(1) NA
9−4=5 Lot D
Lot B
x2 + 7x + 10 = 0
a=1
b=7 factorable
c = 10
Lot A Lot C
𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐
(7)2 − 4(1)(10) (x + 5)(x + 2)
49 − 40 = 9
Lot B Lot D

Do you know the process I don’t have a
of finding the roots of thought
quadratic equation by of it. . .
using quadratic formula?
quation by using quadratic
formula? To help you find out the
roots of quadratic
equation using quadratic
formula follow the steps
illustrated below.
quadratic formula?
Remember:
− b  b 2 − 4ac Quadratic Formula
x=
2a
Illustrative Example 1: 𝒙𝟐 – 𝟒𝒙 = −𝟒
𝑥 2 – 4𝑥 = −4 Step 1: To use the quadratic

𝑥 2 – 4𝑥 + 𝟒 = −4 + 𝟒 formula, the equation must be
equal to zero. Add +4 to both sides
𝑥 2 – 4𝑥 + 4 = 0 of the equation by applying APE.
−(−4) ± √(−4)2 − 4(1)(4) Step 2: Identify a, b, and c and

𝑥= substitute them into the quadratic
2(1)
formula. In this case 𝑎 = 1, 𝑏 =
−4, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐 = 4.
4 ± √16 − 16 Step 3: Use the order of operations

𝑥= to simplify the quadratic formula.
2
4 ± √0
=
2
4±0 Step 4 Simplify the radical, if

𝑥=
2 necessary.
4+0 4−0 Step 5: Simplify the final answer if

𝑥= 𝑥=
2 2 the problem does not contain any
square roots.
4 4 Step 6: Reduce each answer

𝑥= 𝑥=
2 2 individually and get the roots.
𝑥= 2 𝑥= 2
Illustrative Example 2: 𝟔𝒙𝟐 – 𝟏𝟑𝒙 = 𝟖
6𝑥 2 – 13𝑥 = 8 Step 1: To use the quadratic

6𝑥 2 – 13𝑥 − 8 = 8 − 8 formula, the equation must be
6𝑥 2 – 13𝑥 − 8 = 0 equal to zero. Add - 8 to both
sides of the equation by applying
APE.
−(−13) ± √(−13)2 − 4(6)(−8) Step 2: Identify a, b, and c and

𝑥= substitute them into the quadratic
2(6)
formula. In this case 𝑎 = 6, 𝑏 =
−13, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐 = −8.
13 ± √169 + 192 Step 3: Use the order of

𝑥= operations to simplify the
12
13 ± √361 quadratic formula.
=
12
13 ± 19 Step 4 Simplify the radical, if

𝑥=
12 necessary.
13 + 19 13 − 19 Step 5: Simplify the final answer

𝑥= 𝑥=
12 12 if the problem does not contain
32 −6 any square roots.
𝑥= 𝑥=
12 12
8 −1 Step 6: Reduce each answer

𝑥= 𝑥=
3 2 individually and get the roots.
ACTIVITY
TRUE or FALSE: Write T if the statement is correct and F if the

statement is incorrect. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
Show your complete solution.
___ 1. The standard form of quadratic equation is ax2 + bx + c = 0.

___ 2. The equation x2 – 8x = 12, has roots 2 and -6.
___ 3. In the equation 3x2 – 5x = 3, the value of a = 3, b = -5, c = 3.
___ 4. The roots of x2 + 8x + 12 = 0 are -2 and -6.
−𝑏 ± √𝑏2 − 4𝑐
___ 5. The formula 𝑥 = is called quadratic formula.
2𝑎
REMEMBER
The roots of the quadratic 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0 are given by
−𝑏±√𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐
.
2𝑎
To solve a quadratic using the quadratic formula
2
• Write in the form 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0. That is, write in standard
form.
• Determine a, b, and c. the coefficients of the second-degree term,
the first-degree term, and the constant term respectively.
• Substitute into the formula.
• Perform the operations.
• Simplify.

sheet of paper.
1. Which of the following is a quadratic formula?

2
𝑏±√𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐 −𝑏±√𝑏 +4𝑎𝑐
A. 𝑥 = C. 𝑥 =
2𝑎 2𝑎
−𝑏±√𝑏 2−4𝑎𝑐 −𝑏±√𝑏 2−4𝑎𝑐

B. 𝑥 = D. 𝑥 =
2𝑎𝑐 2𝑎
2. What is the value of a, b, and c in the given equation

2𝑥 2 = 3𝑥 – 5?
A. a = 2, b = -3, c = 5 C. a = -2, b = -3, c = 5
B. a = -2, b = 3, c = -5 D. a = 2, b = 3, c = -5
3. What are the roots of the quadratic equation 𝑥 2 – 4𝑥 – 12 = 0?

A. x = 6 and x = 2 C. x = -2 and x = 6
B. x = -6 and x = -2 D. x = -6 and x = 2
4. Which of the paired of factors satisfy 6𝑥 2 – 7𝑥 – 10 = 0?

5 5
A. x = − 6 and x = 2 C. x = 6 and x = -2
1 1
B. x = and x = -5 D. x = − and x = 5
3 3
5. What is the value of x that satisfies the equation 𝑥 2 – 8𝑥 = 9?

A. 9 and -1 C. -9 and 1
B. 8 and -2 D. -8 and 2
Mr. Jacinto would like to enclose his

two adjacent rectangular gardens with
70.5 m of fencing materials. The
gardens are of the same size and their
total area is 180 m2. What are the
dimensions of each garden?
POSTTEST
1. What is the solution set of the quadratic equation 𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 – 6 = 0?

A. x = -1, x = 6 C. x = 1
B. x = 1, x = -6 D. x = 6
2. What is the value of a, b, and c in the given quadratic equation

3𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 6 = 0?
A. a=3 b = -5 c=6
B. a=3 b = -5 c=0
C. a=3 b = -5 c = -6
D. a=1 b=5 c=6
3. Which of the following is the most appropriate method to solve for the
roots of quadratic equation 2x2 + 5x – 4 = 0?
A. Extracting the Square Root
B. Completing the Squares
C. Factoring
D. Quadratic Formula
NATURE OF THE ROOTS OF QUADRATIC EQUATION
EXPECTATION
Learning Competency: Characterize the roots of a quadratic equation

using the discriminant.

• find the value of the discriminant of a given quadratic equation;
and
• describe the nature of roots of the quadratic equation using the
value of discriminant.
PRETEST
I. Determine the values of a, b, and c in each of the following

quadratic equation.
a b c
a. 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 5 = 0 _______ _______ _______

b. 2𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 − 11 = 0 _______ _______ _______
c. 3𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 = −2 _______ _______ _______
d. 𝑥 − 3 = 2𝑥 2 _______ _______ _______
e. 1 + 2𝑥 − 4𝑥 2 = 0 _______ _______ _______
II. Find Me!!!.

A. Determine the perfect square number.Write your answer on your
answer sheet.
2
𝟏 81
ξ−𝟏𝟎 ξ−𝟏 𝟒
-81 9 𝟒 121
ξ𝟐𝟓
𝟓
B. Determine the irrational number. Write your answer on your

answer sheet.
−𝟏 ሬሬሬሬሬറ
𝟎. 𝟏𝟏
𝟒 ξ𝟖 𝟏
𝟐
𝟑
ξ𝟓𝟒 ξ−𝟏𝟔 𝟒𝟑
9
C. Determine the imaginary number. Write your answer on your

answer sheet.
ξ−𝟐𝟐𝟓 ሬሬሬሬሬሬሬሬറ
𝟎. 𝟏𝟐𝟏 ξ−𝟔𝟒
9 ξ−𝟏
−𝟏 −𝟏 𝟑
𝟏𝟎 𝟑 ξ𝟐
𝟐 𝟓 ξ𝟓 𝟒 𝟑
ξ𝟏𝟖
“Nature of the Roots of Quadratic Equation”
The nature of the roots of the quadratic equation is determined by

the discriminant, D = b2 – 4ac, wherein,
1. if b2 – 4ac = 0, the roots are real, rational and equal.

2. if b2 – 4ac > 0, and the value is a perfect square, the roots are real,
rational and unequal.
3. if b2 – 4ac > 0, and the value is non – perfect square, the roots are
real, irrational and unequal.
4. If b2 – 4ac < 0, the roots are non-real or imaginary.
Illustrative examples
Determine the nature of the roots in the following quadratic

equations.
1. 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 4 = 0 a=1 b= – 4 c=4
𝐷 = 𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐
𝐷 = (−4)2 − 4 (1)( 4)
𝐷 = 16 − 16
𝐷=0
Since the value of the discriminant is equal to 0, then the nature of
the roots is real, rational, and equal.
2. 2𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 3 = 0 a=2 b= – 1 c=3
𝐷 = 𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐
𝐷 = (−1)2 − 4 (2)( 3)
𝐷 = 1 − 24
𝐷 = −23
Since the value of the discriminant is – 23 and it is less than 0,
then the nature of the roots is non-real or imaginary.
3. 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 − 6 = 0 a=1 b= – 5 c=–6
𝐷 = 𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐
𝐷 = (−5)2 − 4 (1)( −6)
𝐷 = 25 − (−24)
𝐷 = 25 + 24
𝐷 = 49
Since the value of the discriminant is 49, it is greater than 0 and a
perfect square, then the nature of the roots is real, rational, and unequal.
4. 3𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 − 1 = 0 a=3 b= 5 c=–1
𝐷 = 𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐
𝐷 = (5)2 − 4 (3)( −1)
𝐷 = 25 − (−12)
𝐷 = 25 + 12
𝐷 = 37
Since the value of the discriminant is 37, it is greater than 0 and non-
perfect square number, then the nature of the roots is real, irrational, and
unequal.
REMEMBER
“Nature of the Roots of Quadratic Equation”
The nature of the roots of the quadratic equation is determined by
the discriminant, D = b2 – 4ac.

I. Matching Type: Match the discriminant in column A that
corresponds to the nature of the roots in column B. Write the
letter of the correct answer on the separate sheet of paper.
Column A (discriminant) Column B (nature of the roots)
1. 25 A. real, unequal, rational
2. 0 B. real, unequal, irrational
3. – 18 C. real, equal, rational
4. 169 D. imaginary
5. 72
II. Determine the value of the discriminant of the following quadratic

equations, then tell the nature of the roots.
Discriminant Nature of the Roots
1. x2 + 6x + 9 = 0 _____________ ______________
2. x2 + 9x + 20 = 0 _____________ ______________
3. 3x2 – 5x + 10 = 0 _____________ ______________
4. 2x2 + 6x + 3 = 0 _____________ ______________
5. x2 – 6x – 5 = 0 _____________ ______________
III. Read and analyze the given problem. Write your answer on a
1. What is the value of a so that ax2 – 4x + 3 = 0 has discriminant

equal to – 2?
2. Find the value/s of k such that x2 + 3x + k = 0 has 2 equal real
roots.
3. What are the values of k so that 5x2 – 2x + (k + 5) = 0 has two
unequal imaginary roots?
POSTTEST
1. If the value of the discriminant of a quadratic equation is 9, what
is its nature?
A. Real, rational, and unequal C. Imaginary
B. Real, rational, and equal D. Irrational and unequal
2. What is the value of the discriminant of the equation

𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 28 = 0?
A. – 121 B. -103 C. 121 D. 125

3. What is the value of the discriminant of the equation

4𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 2 = 0?
A. – 23 B. – 31 C. 23 D. 31
4. What is the nature of the roots of the equation

3𝑥 2 − 14𝑥 + 8 = 0?
A. Real, rational, and unequal C. Imaginary
B. Real, rational, and equal D. Irrational and unequal
5. Which of the following quadratic equation has real, rational, and

equal roots as its nature?
A. 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 4 = 0 C. 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 5 = 0
B. 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 4 = 0 D. 𝑥 2 − 9𝑥 + 3 = 0

THE SUM AND THE PRODUCT OF ROOTS OF QUADRATIC
EQUATION
EXPECTATION
Learning Competency: Describe the relationship between the

coefficients and the roots of a quadratic equation.
After going through this module, you are expected to determine the
sum and product of the roots of a quadratic equation by the relationship
between its coefficients.
PRETEST
1. Which quadratic equations has 8 as the product of its roots?

A. x2 - 8x = 64 C. x2 - 6x +9 = 0
B. x2 = 6x – 8 D. x2 - 7x + 6 = 0
2. What is the sum of the roots of x2 - 7x + 6 = 0?

A. 6 B. 7 C. 8 D. 9
3. What is the product of the roots of x2 - 8x = 20?

A. 8 B. -8 C. -20 D. 20
LOOKING BACK
The standard form of a quadratic equation is given by

2
𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0, where a, b and c are constants and a ≠ 0.

The following principles for the general equation 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0 for
the sum and product of the roots states that;
• the sum of the roots of a quadratic equation is the additive inverse
of the quotient of b and a, such as
−𝑏
r 1+ r 2= ; and
𝑎
• the product of the roots of a quadratic equation is the quotient of c
and a, such as
𝑐
r 1⋅ r 2 = .
𝑎
Examples:
1. Find the sum and the product of roots of x2 + 2x – 8 = 0.

Solution:
In 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 – 8 = 0, a= 1 b = 2 c = - 8.
−𝑏
Sum of the roots =
𝑎
−2
Substitute the values for a and b =
1
Simplify = −2
The sum of the roots of x2 + 2x – 8 = 0 is −2.

𝑐
Product of the roots =
𝑎
−8
Substitute the values for a and c =
1
Simplify = −8
The product of the roots of x2 + 2x – 8 = 0 is −8.

2. Find the sum and the product of the roots of 3𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 – 27 = 0.

Solution:
In 3𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 – 27 = 0, a= 3 b = -5 c = - 27
−𝑏
Sum of the roots =
𝑎
−(−5 )
Substitute the values for a and b =
3
5
Simplify =
3
5
The sum of the roots of 2x2 -5x – 27 = 0 is .
3
𝑐
Product of the roots =
𝑎
−27
Substitute the values for a and c =
3
Simplify =-9
The product of the roots of 3𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 – 27 = 0 is −9.
ACTIVITY
Complete the table:
Equation a b c Sum of the Product of the

roots roots
2x2 + 8x + 10 = 0 2 8 10 -4 5
1. x2 + 8x - 20 = 0
2. x2 + 4x - 21= 0
3. 2x2 - 11x + 12 = 0
4. 15x2 - 14x - 8 = 0
5. 4x2 + 7x = 0
REMEMBER
The sum and product of the roots of a quadratic equation are given as,
−𝑏 𝑐
r 1+ r 2= and r 1⋅ r 2 =
𝑎 𝑎
I. Choose the letter of the correct answer and write it on a separate

answer sheet of paper.
−𝑏
1. What is in the equation 2x2 - 7x - 4 = 0?
𝑎
2 7 −4 −7
A. B. C. D.
7 2 2 2
2. What is the sum of the roots of x2 + 7x +10 = 0?

A. 0 B. -7 C. 10 D. -10
3. How can you determine the product of the roots of a quadratic
equation?
𝑐
A. c + a B. c – a C. ca D.
𝑎
4. What is the product of the roots of 2x2 – x - 3 = 0?

1 3 −3
A. B. C. -1 d.
2 2 2
5. Given the equation 4x2 + 10x + 20 = 0 what is the sum and product
of its roots?
−5
A. sum = product = 5 C. sum = 10 product = 20
2
5
B. sum = -10 product = 20 D. sum = product = -5
2
1. What must be added to 3x2 - 3x + ______ = 0 to give a product of its

roots equals to 9?
2. What is the sum and the product of the roots of 2x2 = - 8x +7?
POST TEST
Choose the letter of the best answer and write it on a separate sheet
of paper.
1. Which quadratic equations has -7 as the product of its roots?

A. x2 - 8x = 7 C. x2 - 6x +8 = 0
B. x2 = 6x – 7 D. x2 - 7x + 9 = 0
2. What is the sum of the roots of 2x2 - 14x + 6 = 0?
A. 6 B. 7 C. 8 D. 9
3. What is the product of the roots of x2 + 5x = 12?
A. 5 B. -5 C. -12 D. 12

THE SUM AND THE PRODUCT OF ROOTS OF QUADRATIC
EQUATION
EXPECTATION
Learning Competency: Describe the relationship between the coefficients

and the roots of a quadratic equation.
After going through this module, you are expected to write a quadratic
equation with the sum and products of its roots.
PRETEST
Choose the letter of the best answer and write it on a separate

sheet of paper.
1. Which of the following quadratic equations will have the pair of

roots {2,3}?
A. x2 -x = 6 C. x2 -5x +6= 0
B. x2 +x = 6 D. x2 -5x -6 = 0
2. What is the quadratic equation with the roots of 5 and -1?
A. x2 -4x = 6 C. x2 +4x +5= 0
B. x2 +4x = 6 D. x2 -4x -5 = 0
3. Which of these pairs gives the sum and product of the roots of the
equation 4x2 +4x +5= 0?
5 5
A. Sum: 1 Product: 4 C. Sum: -1 Product: 4
B. Sum: 4 Product: 5 D. Sum: -4 Product: 5
LOOKING BACK
−𝑏
The sum of the roots of 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0 is 𝑎
, or
−𝑏
r 1+ r 2= .
𝑎
𝑐
The product of the roots of 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0 is ,or
𝑎
𝑐
r 1 ⋅r 2= 𝑎 .
k.
The general form of a quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 can also
−𝑏 𝑐
be expressed as x2 + x+ = 0.
𝑎 𝑎
−𝑏 𝑐
Since r 1+ r 2= and r 1⋅ r 2 = , we can use the form
𝑎 𝑎
x2 – (r 1 + r 2 ) x + (r 1 r 2 ) = 0 to write a quadratic equation when a pair of
roots are given.
Examples:
1. Find the equation whose roots are -7 and 4.
Solution:
Let us use the form x2 – (r 1 + r 2) x + (r 1 r 2) = 0.
r 1 + r 2 = -7 + 4 r 1 ⋅ r 2 = (-7) (4)
= -3 = -28
Substituting the values in the equation, we will have
x2 – ( -3) x + (-28) = 0.
Simplifying the expression, we will have 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 28 = 0.
Therefore, the equation whose roots are -7 and 4 is 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 28 = 0.
2. Find a quadratic equation whose solution set is { 5 , -2 } and a = 3.

Solution:
𝑐 𝑐
Since r1 ∙ r2 = then (5) (-2) =
𝑎 3
𝑐
-10 = , c = -30.
3
−𝑏 −𝑏
Since r1 + r2 = then 5 + (-2) =
𝑎 3
−𝑏
3= , b = -9.
3
Therefore, the quadratic equation is 3𝑥 2 – 9𝑥 – 30 = 0.
ACTIVITY
Match the Equation in Column A with its Roots in Column B. Write

your answer on a separate sheet of paper. Show your complete solution.
Equation Roots
1. 3x2 - 5x + 2= 0 A. {2,3}
2. x2 - 2x - 8= 0 B. { -3,1}
3. x2 - 5x + 6 = 0 C. {-2, 4}
2
4. 3x2 + x – 2 = 0 D. {-1, }
3
2
5. x2 + 2x - 3= 0 E. { , 1}
3
REMEMBER
Given a pair of roots, we can use the form x2 – (r 1 + r 2) x + (r 1 r 2) = 0 to

write a quadratic equation.

I. Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write it on a separate
sheet of paper.
1. Which of the given equation has -3 and 7 as roots?

A. x2 + 4x - 21= 0 C. x2 - 4x - 21= 0
B. x2 + 4x + 21= 0 D. x2 + 4x + 21= 0
2. Given the roots 5 and 7, what is b in the equation ax2 + bx + c = 0?

A. 12 B. -12 C. 2 D. -2
3. From question no.2, what is c?
A. 12 B. -12 C. 35 D. -35
−5 −1
4. What is the equation if the roots are 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ?
6 6
A. x2 - 6x + 5= 0 C. 36x2 - 36x +5= 0
B. 36x2 + 36x +5= 0 D. x2 + 6x + 5= 0
−2 3
5. Given the roots are 𝑎𝑛𝑑 , what is the equation?
3 4
A. x2 - x -6 = 0 C. x2 + x - 6 =0
B. 12x2 -x -6= 0 D. 12x2 - x + 6= 0
1. The sum of the roots of a quadratic equation is -5. If one of the

roots is 3. How would you write the equation?
2. Suppose the product of the roots of a quadratic equation is -9, and

one of its roots is 1, what could be the equation?
POSTTEST
of paper.
1. Which of the following quadratic equations will have the pair of

roots {-5,1}?
A. x2 +4x = 5 C. x2 -x +5= 0
B. x2 +4x = -5 D. x2 -x -5 = 0
3 1
2. What is the quadratic equation if the roots are and ?
4 2
2 2
A. 6x -10x + 4 C. 8x +10x +4= 0
B. 6x2 +10x = 6 D. 8x2 -10x +3 = 0
3. Which of these pairs gives the sum and product of the roots of the
equation 6x2 +5x +1= 0?
1 1 1 1 5 3 5 3
A. {− ,− } B. { , } C. {− ,− } D. { , }
2 3 2 3 4 4 44

EQUATIONS TRANSFORMABLE TO QUADRATIC
EQUATION
EXPECTATION
Learning Competency: Solve equations transformable to quadratic

equations (including rational algebraic equations).
After going through this module, you are expected to solve equations
transformable to quadratic equations.
PRETEST
1. Which of the following can be expressed as quadratic equation?

5𝑥 1 1 𝑥+1 2𝑥−1
A. - = C. =
6 2 3 2 2
3 10 3𝑦−2 1
B. - 𝑥 =x D. =
4 2𝑦−5 2
2. Which of the following solution set belongs to the given equation

below?
𝑥 12
+ = x-2
3 𝑥
𝐴. {6, −3} B. {4, −3} C. {5, −3} D. {3, −3}

12
3. What is a + = 7 expressed into quadratic equation?
𝑎
A. a2 – 7a – 12 = 0 C. a2 – 7a + 12 = 0
B. a2 – 12a – 7= 0 D. a2 – 12a + 7 = 0
LOOKING BACK
Since you know how to solve quadratic equations, we want to solve
equations that are not exactly quadratic but can either be made to look
quadratic or generate quadratic equations.
The knowledge on finding the solution of quadratic equations such
as factoring, completing the square, taking the roots and quadratic formula
are needed to solve for a quadratic equation.
A quadratic equation is not always in the form ax2 + bx + c = 0. In

fact, there are times when we need to transform an equation just to see
whether it is a quadratic equation.
If a quadratic equation is not in standard form, we can perform
whatever operations necessary to transform it into the said form.
Examples:
Express the following quadratic equations in standard form and solve.
10
1. + 1 = 3x
𝑥
10
+ 1 = 3𝑥
𝑥
10 Multiply by the LCM: x

𝑥 ( + 1) = 𝑥 (3𝑥 )
𝑥
10 + 𝑥 = 3𝑥 2 Write in standard form

3𝑥 2 – 𝑥 – 10 = 0
(3𝑥 + 5)(𝑥 − 2) = 0 Factor
3𝑥 + 5 = 0 or 𝑥 − 2 = 0 Use Zero – Product Property

5
x=- or x = 2
3
5 Check: If x = 2
Check: If x = -
3
10 10
+ 1 =3x + 1 =3x
𝑥 𝑥
10 5 10
5 + 1 =3(− 3) + 1 =3(2)
− 2
3
-6 +1= -5 5+1=6
-5 = -5 6=6
True True
𝟓
Therefore, the solutions are - and 2.
𝟑
2. 7 (x2 – 9) = x (x – 3)
7 (𝑥 2 – 9) = 𝑥 (𝑥 – 3)
7𝑥 2 – 63 = 𝑥 2 – 3𝑥 Use Distributive Property
6𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 – 63 = 0 Combined like terms
(6𝑥 + 21) (𝑥 – 3) = 0 Factor
6𝑥 + 21 = 0 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 – 3 = 0 Use Zero Product Property
7
x=-2 𝑥 = 3
7 Check if x = 3
Check: if x = -
2
7 2 7 7 7 ( 32 – 9 ) = 7( 3 – 3 )
7 [(− ) − 9] = - (− 2 − 3 )
2 2
49 49 21 0=0 True
7 (4 −9) = +
4 2
13 91
7( ) =
4 4
91 91
= True
4 4
𝟕
Therefore, the solutions are - and 3.
𝟐
4 4
3. + 𝑥+6 = 1
𝑥
4 4 Given
+ 𝑥+6 = 1
𝑥
x (x + 6) (4𝑥 + 𝑥+6
4
) = x (x + 6) (1) We multiply by the LCM of the
4(𝑥 + 6) + 4𝑥 = 𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 denominator: x (x + 6)
Distributive Property
4𝑥 + 24 + 4𝑥 = 𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 Simplify
8𝑥 + 24 = 𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 Combined like terms
𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 24 = 0 Write in standard form
(𝑥 − 6) (𝑥 + 4) = 0 Factor
𝑥 = 6 𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = −4 Principle of Zero Product
Property
Check: if x = 6 Check: if x = - 4
4 4 4 4
+ 6+6 = 1 + = 1
6 −4 −4 + 6
4 4 4 4
+ 12 = 1 + 2 =1
6 −4
12 −1 + 2 = 1
=1
12
1 = 1 True 1 = 1 True
Therefore, the solutions are 6 and -4.
ACTIVITY
Fill in the numbered blank with the correct answer. Write your
answer on a separate sheet of paper.
6 𝑥 Given
+1=
𝑥 3
18 + __(1)_ = __(2)__ Multiply each term by 3x
2
x - __(3)__ + ___(4)___ = 0 Write in standard form
(x - _(5)_) (x + _(6)_) = 0 Factor
x = __(7)__ or x = __(8)__ Principle of Zero Product Property
Therefore, the solutions are _(9)__and _(10)___.
4 (x2 – _(1)__) = x (3x – 1)
4x2 – 12 = __(2)__ - x Use Distributive Property
_(3)__ - 12 = -x Combined like terms
__(4)__ + __(5)___ - 12 = 0 Write in standard form
(x + _(6)_) (x - _(7)_) = 0 Factor

x = __(8)__ or x = __(9)__ Principle of Zero Product
Property
Therefore, the solutions are ___(10)____.
REMEMBER
To make transformable equations into quadratic equation, here
are some ways that we can do:
1.Clearing of fractions by multiplying all terms by the LCD.
2. Removing the parentheses and other grouping symbols.
3. Combining like terms.

sheet of paper.
1. Which of the following is Not transformable to quadratic equation?
2 3n2
A. 2m2 – 6m = 7 C. - =7
𝑛 2
1
B. . (h2 + 6) = 0 D. 3r (r - 5)
2
2. What is the solution set of the equation x2 – 6x = 7?
A. {7, −1} B. {−7, 1} C. {7, 1} D. {−7, −1}

14
3. What is the solution set of the equation x = + 5?
𝑥
A. {7, −2} B. {−7, 2} C. {7, 2} D. {−7, −2}
𝑥 6
4. Given + = 1, what is the resulting quadratic equation when it
3 𝑥
is written in standard form?
A. x2 – 3x - 18 = 0 C. x2 +3x +18 = 0
B. x2 – 3x +18 = 0 D. x2 + 3x -18 = 0
𝑥+2 𝑥−1
5. What value of x will it satisfies the given equation = ?
𝑥 2
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
1 1
1. Transform = into quadratic equation.
3𝑥 2 −2𝑥 𝑥 2 +4
𝑥 2 −1 𝑥+1
2. Given the equation = ,solve for its solution set.
5 3
POSTTEST
of paper.
1. Which of the following equations cannot be expressed as

quadratic equation?
2 3 1 4𝑥−1
A. -4 = C. =
𝑦 𝑦 2𝑥+3 8
𝑥 3 1 𝑥−2
B. 3 - = D. =
7 𝑥 2𝑥 5
2. What is the solution set of the given equation?

1 3
+ 2 = 2x -
𝑥 𝑥
A. {2 , 2} B. {1, 2} C. {2, −1} D. {−2, 1}

3. Which of the following equations satisfies the solution set {−3, 2}?
4 𝑥 1 𝑥+2 1 𝑥−2 𝑥 𝑥
A. = B. = C. = D. =
3𝑥 3 𝑥−1 4 4𝑥 3 4 𝑥+3

SOLVES PROBLEMS INVOLVING QUADRATIC EQUATIONS
AND RATIONAL ALGEBRAIC EQUATIONS
EXPECTATION
Learning Competency: Solve problems involving quadratic equations and

rational algebraic equations.
After going through this module, you are expected to solve problems
involving quadratic equations and rational algebraic equations.
PRETEST
The length of a rectangular parking lot is 36 𝒎 longer than its width.

The area of the parking lot is 5,152 𝒎𝟐 .
1. What equation represents the area of the parking lot?

A. 5,152 𝑚2 = 36𝑚 + 𝑥𝑚 C. 5,152 𝑚2 = (36𝑚 + 𝑥𝑚)𝑥𝑚
B. 5,152 𝑚2 = 36𝑚(𝑥𝑚) D. 5,152 𝑚2 = (36𝑚 + 𝑥𝑚)2𝑥𝑚
2. What is the length of the parking lot in the given problem?

A. 92 B. 93 C. 94 D. 95
3. What is the width of the parking lot in the given problem?
A. 53 B. 54 C. 55 D. 56
LOOKING BACK
In solving a quadratic equation, you must know how to get the square
root of a number, how to factor expressions, and how to apply properties of
real numbers.
Quadratic equations can be solved using the following methods:
• Extracting square roots
• Factoring
• Completing the square
• Quadratic Formula
The solution of a quadratic equation is called the roots of the equation.
The concept of quadratic equations is illustrated in many real – life

situations. Problems that arise from these situations, such as those involving
area, work, profits, and many others, can be solved by applying the different
mathematics concepts and principles previously studied including quadratic
equations and the different ways of solving them.
You can apply the concepts you learned in the previous lessons to
solve real- life problems. Here are the suggested steps that you can follow
in solving word problems:
a. Read the problems several times until you understand it.
b. Determine what is being asked in the problem.
c. Represent the unknown in the problem by a variable/s and formulate
an equation based on the conditions given in the problem.
d. Solve the equation.
e. Check your answer. The answer must satisfy the conditions given in
the problem.
Example 1
The sum of two numbers is 9 and the product is -36. What numbers will
satisfy the given condition?
Solution: Let 𝒙 = first number

𝟗 − 𝒙 = second number
Equation: 𝒙(𝟗 − 𝒙) = −𝟑𝟔 The product of two numbers is -36
𝑥 (9 − 𝑥 ) = −36 Equation
9𝑥 − 𝑥 2 = −36 Distributive Property
−𝑥 2 + 9𝑥 + 36 = 0 Write in Standard Form
𝑥 2 − 9𝑥 − 36 = 0 Multiply both sides of the equation to -1
(𝑥 − 12)(𝑥 + 3) = 0 Factor
𝑥 − 12 = 0 𝑥 + 3 = 0 Zero Product Principle
𝑥 = 12 𝑥 = −3 The two numbers are 12 and -3
If x = 12 If x = -3 Substitute the obtained value of x.
9 – 12 = -3 9 – (-3) = 12
Check if the numbers satisfy the equation.

• The sum of two numbers is 9.
𝟏𝟐 + (−𝟑) = 𝟗
• The product of the two numbers is -36.
𝟏𝟐(−𝟑) = −𝟑𝟔
Therefore, the two numbers are 12 and -3.
Example 2
The product of two consecutive positive integers is 210. What are

the integers?
Solution: Let 𝒙 = first integer
𝒙 + 𝟏 = second integer
Equation: 𝒙(𝒙 + 𝟏) = 𝟐𝟏𝟎 The product of two consecutive integers is 210.
𝑥(𝑥 + 1) = 210 Equation
𝑥 2 + 𝑥 = 210 Distributive Property
𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 210 = 0 Write in Standard Form
(𝑥 − 14)(𝑥 + 15) = 0 Factor
𝑥 − 14 = 0 | 𝑥 + 15 = 0 Zero Product Principle
𝑥 = 14 | 𝑥 = −15 Substitute the value of x
If x = 14 If x = -15
14 + 1 = 15 -15 + 1 = -14
Since we are looking for two positive consecutive integers -15 is not included
as value of x.
Check if the numbers satisfy the equation.
• The product of two consecutive integers is 210.
𝟏𝟒(𝟏𝟓) = 𝟐𝟏𝟎
Therefore, the two positive consecutive integers are 14 and 15.
Example 3
The length of the rectangular lot is 10 more than twice its width. If
the area of the lot is 600 square meters, find the dimension of the lot.
Solution: Let 𝒙 = width of the rectangle

𝟐𝒙 + 𝟏𝟎 = length of the rectangle
Equation: 𝑨 = 𝒍(𝒘)
𝟔𝟎𝟎𝒎𝟐 = (𝟐𝒙 + 𝟏𝟎)𝒙 The area of the lot is 600 square meters.
𝟔𝟎𝟎𝒎𝟐 = (𝟐𝒙 + 𝟏𝟎)𝒙 Equation

600 = 2x2 + 10 x Distributive Property
2x2 + 10 x – 600 = 0 Write in Standard Form
𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 − 300 = 0 Simplify
( x -15 ) ( x + 20 ) = 0 Use Factoring
x – 15 = 0 x + 20 = 0 Zero Property
x = 15 x = - 20 Solve for x
Since there is no negative value for measurement, discard the negative
value of x. Substitute the value of x = 15
2x + 10 = the length
2(15) + 10 = l
30 + 10 = 40
Therefore, the length is equal to 40 cm. and the width is 15 cm.
Checking:
𝑨 = 𝒍(𝒘)
𝑨 = 𝟒𝟎𝒎(𝟏𝟓𝒎)
𝑨 = 𝟒𝟎𝒎(𝟏𝟓𝒎)
𝑨 = 𝟔𝟎𝟎𝒎𝟐
Example 4
Kylie’s father is twice her age. If the product of their ages is 450, how
old are they?
Solution: Let 𝒙 = Kylie’s age

𝟐𝒙 = Kylie’s father age
Equation:
𝒙(𝟐𝒙) = 𝟒𝟓𝟎 The product of their ages is 450.
𝑥(2𝑥) = 450 Equation

2𝑥 2 = 450 Distributive Property
𝑥 2 = 225 Simplify
𝑥 2 − 225 = 0 Write in Standard Form
(𝑥 + 15)(𝑥 − 15) = 0
𝑥 + 15 = 0 | 𝑥 − 15 = 0 Zero Product Principle

𝑥 = −15 | 𝑥 = 15
Since there is no negative age, disregard the negative value of x.
Therefore, Kylie’s age is 15 years old and her father’s age is 2x = 2(15)
= 30 years old.
Checking:
𝒙(𝟐𝒙) = 𝟒𝟓𝟎 The product of their ages is 450.
𝟏𝟓(𝟐(𝟏𝟓)) = 𝟒𝟓𝟎
𝟏𝟓(𝟑𝟎) = 𝟒𝟓𝟎
𝟒𝟓𝟎 = 𝟒𝟓𝟎 TRUE
Example 5
Belle and Roane can clean the house in 4 hours if they work
together. The time that Belle takes in cleaning the house is 6 hours more
than the time
Roane takes in cleaning the same house. How long does it take Belle to
clean the house alone? How about Roane?
Solution: Let x be the number of hours it took Roane to clean the

house.
x + 6 be the number of hours it took Belle to clean the house.
You know that cleaning the house can be finished in 4 hours if Belle and
Roane work together. Hence, in one hour, Belle and Roane together can do
1
of the task. Moreover,
4
1
part of the job done by Roane in one hour
𝑥
1
part of the job done by Belle in one hour
𝑥+6
Thus, the equation will be:

1 1 1
+ =
𝑥 𝑥+6 4
1 1 1 To solve for x, multiply both sides of

[4𝑥(𝑥 + 6)] ( + = ) [4𝑥(𝑥 + 6)]
𝑥 𝑥+6 4 the equation by the LCD, which is
4x(x+6).
[4(𝑥 + 6)] + 4𝑥 = 𝑥(𝑥 + 6) Distributive Property

4𝑥 + 24 + 4𝑥 = 𝑥 2 + 6𝑥
8x + 24 = x2 + 6x Combine similar terms

𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 24 = 0 Simplify
(𝑥 − 6)(𝑥 + 4) = 0 Factor
𝑥−6= 0|𝑥+4= 0 Zero Product Principle
𝑥 = 6 | 𝑥 = −4
Since there is no negative hours or time, disregard the negative value of x.
Therefore, Roane will take 6 hours to clean the house alone, while
Belle will take x+ 6 = 6 + 6 = 12 hours to clean the house alone.
ACTIVITY
Complete the table below by solving problems involving quadratic

equations:
Find two numbers whose sum is 14 and whose product is 48.

Let x = _____(1)______ Represent the unknown
___(2)____ = second number
_____________(3)_____________ Equation
_____________(4)_____________ Distributive Property
_____________(5)_____________ Write in Standard Form
(___𝟔___)(___𝟕___) = 0 Factor
(___𝟖___) = 0 | (___𝟗___) = 0 Zero Product Principle
_____________(10)_____________ The two numbers are ___ and ___
REMEMBER
Steps that you can follow in solving word problems:

A. Read the problems several times until you understand it.
B. Determine what is being asked in the problem.
C. Represent the unknown in the problem by a variable/s and formulate
an equation based on the conditions given in the problem.
D. Solve the equation.
E. Check your answer. The answer must satisfy the conditions given in
the problem.

sheet of paper.
1. A portrait is 10 cm wider than its height. Its area is 1 200 cm 2.

What equation represents the area of the portrait?
A. x (x) = 1200 𝑐𝑚2 C. x(x+10) = 1200 𝑐𝑚2
B. x (20x) = 1200 𝑐𝑚2 D. (x+10) (x+10) = 1200 𝑐𝑚2
2. What is the width and the height of the portrait?

A. w = 60 cm h = 20cm C. w = 20 cm h = 60cm
B. w = 40 cm h = 30cm D. w = 30 cm h = 40cm
3. Lexi takes 7 hours less than Gabby to paint the room. Working
together, they can paint the room in 12 hours. What equation
best represents the given situation?
1 1 1 1 1 1
A. + 𝑥−7 = 12 C. − 𝑥−7 = 12
𝑥 𝑥
1 1 1 1 1 1
B. + 𝑥+7 = 12 D. − 𝑥+7 = 12
𝑥 𝑥
4. How long does Lexi take to paint the room?

A. 21 hours C. 23 hours
B. 22 hours D. 24 hours
5. How long does Gabby take to paint the room?

A. 27 hours C. 29 hours
B. 28 hours D. 30 hours
Arwen and Miguel can clean the house together in 4 hours. When
Arwen works alone, it takes him an hour longer than it takes Miguel
alone. How long does it take Arwen to clean the house alone?
POSTTEST
The area of a rectangular parking lot is 114.4m2 and the length is 14m
longer than the width. Find the length and width of the parking lot.
1. What equation represents the area of the parking lot?

A. 114.4 𝑚2 = 14𝑚 + 𝑥 C. 114.4 𝑚2 = (14𝑚 + 𝑥)3𝑥
B. 114.4 𝑚2 = 14𝑚(𝑥) D. 114.4 𝑚2 = (14𝑚 + 𝑥)𝑥
2. What is the length of the parking lot in the given problem?

A. 𝐿 ≈ 17.78𝑚 B. 𝐿 ≈ 18.78𝑚 C. 𝐿 ≈ 19.78𝑚 D. 𝐿 ≈ 20.78𝑚
3. What is the width of the parking lot in the given problem?

A. 𝑊 ≈ 3.78𝑚 B. 𝑊 ≈ 4.78𝑚 C. 𝑊 ≈ 5.78𝑚 D. 𝑊 ≈ 6.78𝑚

QUADRATIC INEQUALITIES
EXPECTATION
Learning Competency: Illustrate quadratic inequalities.
After going through this module, you are expected to illustrate quadratic
inequalities.
PRETEST
1. What is the equation of second degree that uses an inequality

sign instead of an equal sign?
A. Linear Equation
B. Linear Inequality
C. Quadratic Equation
D. Quadratic Inequality
2. How many roots does a quadratic inequality have?
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
3. Which of the following inequalities is quadratic?
A. 5x3 + 3x > 4 C. x2 + 4x + 5 < 0
B. 5x + 8 ≥ 0 D. 6x + 9 < 0
LOOKING BACK
Quadratic Inequalities
The word “quadratic” comes from “quadratum”, the Latin word for
square. Hence, we define a quadratic inequality as an equation of second
degree that uses an inequality sign instead of an equal sign.
Like equations have different forms, inequalities also exist in

different forms; quadratic inequality is one of them.
A quadratic inequality is an equation of second degree that uses an

inequality sign instead of an equal sign.
The solutions to quadratic inequality always give two roots. The

nature of the roots may differ and can be determined by discriminant (b2
– 4ac).
The general forms of the Quadratic Inequalities are:

• 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 < 0
• 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 ≤ 0
• 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 > 0
• 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 ≥ 0
Examples of Quadratic Inequalities are:

1. x2 – 5x – 10 ≤ 0
2. 2x2 – 13x + 7 > 0
3. 3x2 + 11 > 0
4. x2 – 13x + 22 ≤ 0
ACTIVITY
I. Put a check on the equation that represents Quadratic
Inequalities.
5u2 -4u + 3 < 0 2x2 -4x+3 = 0 10t2 -25 > 0 p = 12q – 5
7t2 – 6t = -7 2m2 – 6y < -7 x2 +3x = 8 6p2 – q ≥ 15
9p2 – 8 > 12 10x3 – 3 > 12 4m2 + 4m ≤ 5 r2 ≤144

II. Tell whether each of the following situations illustrate quadratic

inequalities. Justify your answer by representing each situation by
a mathematical sentence.
1. One leg of a right triangle is 5cm shorter than the other leg. How
long should the shorter leg to ensure the hypotenuse is at least
13 cm?
2. The sum of two numbers is 20 and the sum of their squares is

less than 362. What are the two numbers?
REMEMBER
The general forms of the quadratic inequalities are:
• ax2 + bx + c < 0
• ax2 + bx + c ≤ 0
• ax2 + bx + c > 0
• ax2 + bx + c ≥ 0

I. Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answer on a
separate paper.
1. Which of the following is not the general form of a quadratic

inequalities?
A. ax2 + bx + c < 0 C. ax2 + bx + c = 0
B. ax2 + bx + c > 0 D. ax2 + bx + c ≥ 0
2. What is the exponent of a quadratic inequality?

A. 1 B. 3 C. 2 D. 4
3. Which of the following equations is a quadratic inequality?

A. x+1 = 3 C. x2 + 1 + (x + 3)2
B. x (x + 2) D. x2 + 4x < - 4
4. Which of the following can’t be used as a symbol of quadratic

inequality?
A. < B. = C. > D. ≥
5. Which of the following is an example of quadratic inequality?

A. t2 + 4t = 7 C. 2x2 – 10x ≥ 0
B. 5x = 10 D. 3p3 – 7p ≤ 5
State whether each of the following mathematical sentence

represents a quadratic inequality or not. Justify your answer.
Mathematical Sentence Yes or No Justification
1. (x – 5) ( 2x + 10) ≥ 15
2. y (y – 2) (y + 3) ≤ 10
POSTTEST
1. What is a mathematical statement that relates a quadratic

expression as either less than or greater than another?
A. Linear Equation C. Quadratic Equation
B. Linear Inequality D. Quadratic Inequality
2. Which of the following inequalities is not quadratic inequalities?

A. 5x3 + 3x > 4 C. 9x2 + 8 ≤ 0
B. x2 + 4x + 5 < 0 D. 6x2 + 10 < 0
3. Which of the following inequalities is quadratic?

A. 5x3 + 3x > 4 C. 10x + 8w > 0
2
B. x + 4x + 5 < 0 D. 11x + 9t < 0

SOLVING QUADRATIC INEQUALITIES
EXPECTATION
Learning Competency: Solve quadratic inequalities.
inequalities.
PRETEST
1. What do you call the values in the domain of a function that

separate regions which produce positive or negative results?
A. Critical Values C. Range
B. Domain D. Values
2. What are the critical values of x – 5x + 6 < 0?
2
A. 1 and 2 C. 3 and 4
B. 2 and 3 D. 4 and 5
3. What are the values of x in the quadratic inequality: -x2 + 6x + 7 ≥
0?
A. (1,7) C. [1,7]
B. (-1,7) D. [-1,7]
LOOKING BACK
Quadratic Inequalities
The general forms of the quadratic inequalities are the following
equations below.
• ax2 + bx + c < 0
• ax2 + bx + c ≤ 0
• ax2 + bx + c > 0
• ax2 + bx + c ≥ 0
Solving quadratic inequalities in Algebra is like solving

quadratic equations. The only difference is that, with quadratic
equations, you need to equate the expressions to zero, but with
inequalities, it uses the following symbols such as < , >, ≤, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ≥.
The values in the domain of a function that separate regions

that produce positive or negative results are called critical numbers.
It is also called zeros of inequality.
To solve a quadratic inequality, we also apply the same method

as illustrated in the procedure below:
1. Write the quadratic inequality in standard form: ax2 + bx + c

where a, b and are coefficients and a ≠ 0.
2. Determine the roots of the inequality.
3. Write the solution in inequality notation or interval notation.
4. If the quadratic inequality is in the form: (x – a) (x – b) ≥ 0, then

a ≤ x ≤ b, and if it is in the form :(x – a) (x – b) ≤ 0, when a < b
then a ≤ x or x ≥ b.
Examples:
1. Solve the inequality x2 – x > 12.
To write the inequality in standard form, subtract both sides of the

inequality by 12.
x2 – x – 12 > 12 – 12
⟹ x2 – x – 12 > 0
Factor the quadratic inequality.
(x – 4) (x + 3) > 0
Solve for all the zeroes for the inequality.
For, (x + 3) > 0 ⟹ x > -3

For x – 4 > 0 ⟹ x>4
Therefore, the values x > –3 or x > 4 or (-∞, -3) U (4, ∞) are the
solution of this quadratic inequality.
2. Solve 2x2 + x − 15 ≤ 0.
Factor the quadratic inequality.
2x2 + x − 15 ≤ 0
(2x – 5) (x + 3) = 0 By factoring method

5
For, 2x – 5 = 0 ⟹ x=
2
For, x + 3= 0 ⟹ x = -3
Since the y for 2x2 + x − 15 ≤ 0 is negative, we choose the

values of x in which the curve will be below the x axis.
𝟓 𝟓
Therefore, x ≤ -3 or x ≥ or [ -3 , ] is the solution.
𝟐 𝟐
3. x2 − x − 6 < 0
Solution:
Factor x2 − x − 6 to get;
(x + 2) (x − 3) < 0
Find the roots of the equation as;
(x + 2) (x − 3) = 0
x = −2 or x = +3
Because y is negative for x2 − x − 6 < 0, then we choose an

interval in which the curve will be below the x axis.
Therefore, -2 < x < 3 or (-2, 3) is the solution.
ACTIVITY
Match the quadratic inequalities on Column A to the solutions

that are placed on Column B.
A B
1. x2 – x – 12 > 0 A. – 5/3
2. x2 + 2x – 24 < 0 B. [ - 1, 24]
3. 9x2 + 30x + 25 ≤ 0 C. (-∞, ½) U (1/2, ∞)
4. x2 – 23x – 24 ≤ 0 D. (-1/4, 5/2)
5. 4x2 – 4x + 1 > 0 E. (-∞, -3) U (4, ∞)
6. 2x2 – 11x – 6 ≥ 0 F. [-6, 5]
7. –x2 – x + 30 ≥ 0 G. (-6, 4)
8. x2 – 64 < 0 H. (-∞, -1/2] U [ 6, ∞)
9. 4x2 – 9 ≥ 0 I. (-8, 8)
10. 8x2 – 18x – 5 < 0 J. (-∞, -3/2) U (3/2, ∞)

REMEMBER
The general forms of the quadratic inequalities are:
• ax2 + bx + c < 0
• ax2 + bx + c ≤ 0
• ax2 + bx + c > 0
• ax2 + bx + c ≥ 0

I. Choose the letter of the correct answer and write it on your answer
sheet.
1. What are the critical values of quadratic inequality

y2 – 7y + 10 < 0?
A. -2 and -5 C. –2 and 5
B. 2 and 5 D. 2 and -5
2. What are the critical values of x2 – x – 6 > 0?

A. – 2 and -3 C. -2 and 3
B. 2 and -3 D. 2 and 3
3. What are the values of m in the quadratic inequality m – m2 > 0?

A. (0, 1) C. (-1, 3)
B. (-1, 0) D. (1, 2)
4. What is the value of x in 4x2 – 12x + 9 ≤ 0.

A. 1/2 C. 1/3
B. 2/3 D. 3/2
5. Which of the following is the solution for x: 3x2 – x – 2 ≥ 0?

A. (-∞, -2/3] U [1, ∞) C. (0, 1)
B. [-4, 4] D. (-5, 7)
separate sheet of paper. Solve for the values of x. Show your
complete solution.
1. –x2 + 4 < 0
2. x2 - 3x +2 > 0
POSTTEST
1. What is the other term for critical values of quadratic inequality?
A. Abscissa C. Ordinate
B. Domain D. Zeros
2. What are the values of x in –x2 + 3x – 2 ≥ 0?

A. 1 ≤ x ≤ 2
B. -1 ≤ x ≤ 3
C. -1 ≤ x ≤ 4
D. 1 ≤ x ≤ 5
3. What are the solution of x2 – 3x + 2 > 0?

A. x < 2 or x > 4
B. x < 1 or x > 3
C. x < 1 or x > 2
D. x < 0 or x > 2

SOLVE PROBLEMS INVOLVING QUADRATIC
INEQUALITIES
EXPECTATION
Learning Competency: Solve problems involving quadratic inequalities.
involving quadratic inequalities.
PRETEST
Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on
a separate sheet of paper.
The length of the rectangle is 6 cm. longer than its width. Find
the possible dimensions if the area of the rectangle is more than
216 cm2.
1. What inequality represents the area and dimension of the

rectangle?
A. (𝑥)(𝑥 + 6) > 216𝑐𝑚2 C. (𝑥)(𝑥 + 6) ≥ 216𝑐𝑚2
B. (𝑥)(𝑥 + 6) < 216𝑐𝑚2 D. (𝑥)(𝑥 + 6) ≤ 216𝑐𝑚2
2. What is the possible length of the rectangle?

A. 𝑥 ≥ 18 C. 𝑥 > 18
B. 𝑥 ≤ 18 D. 𝑥 < 18
3. What is the possible width of the rectangle?

A. 𝑥 > 12 C. 𝑥 < 18
B. 𝑥 ≥ 12 D. 𝑥 ≤ 18
LOOKING BACK
A Quadratic Inequality can be written into forms. The general
forms of the quadratic inequalities are the following:
ax2 + bx + c < 0,
ax2 + bx + c ≤ 0,
ax2 + bx + c > 0,
ax2 + bx + c ≥ 0,
where a, b, and c are real numbers, and a is not equal to zero.
The solution of a quadratic inequality is the set of values of the

variable that satisfies the given inequality.
In solving problems involving quadratic inequality, you can apply the

concepts you learned in the previous lesson in solving real- life problems.
Here are the suggested steps that you can follow in solving word
problems.
A. Read the problems several times until you understand it.
B. Determine what is being asked in the problem.
C. Represent the unknown in the problem by a variable/s and formulate
an inequality based on the conditions given in the problem.
D. Solve the inequality.
E. Check your answer. The answer must satisfy the conditions given
in the problem.
Example 1
The product of a positive number and 3 more than the number is

at least 180. What range of values of the number will satisfy this
requirement?
Solution: Let 𝒙 = first number

𝒙 + 𝟑 = second number
Inequality: 𝒙(𝒙 + 𝟑) ≥ 𝟏𝟖𝟎 (The product of a positive number and 3 more
than the number is at least 180)
𝑥 (𝑥 + 3) ≥ 180 Inequality
𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 ≥ 180 Distributive Property
𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 = 180 Write as a quadratic equation
𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 180 = 0 Write in standard form
(𝑥 + 15)(𝑥 − 12) = 0 Factor
𝑥 = −15, 𝑥 = 12 Zero Product Property
𝑥 ≥ 12 Since our first number is a positive
number, we will disregard -15.
Therefore 𝒙 ≥ 𝟏𝟐.
Checking:
If 𝑥 = 12 If 𝑥 = 13
𝑥(𝑥 + 3) ≥ 180 𝑥(𝑥 + 3) ≥ 180
12(12 + 3) ≥ 180 13(13 + 3) ≥ 180
12(15) ≥ 180 13(16) ≥ 180
180 ≥ 180 208 ≥ 180
True True
Example 2
The width of a rectangle is 6cm shorter than its length. Find the
possible lengths if the area of the rectangle is at least 667 cm2 .
Solution: Let 𝒙 = length

𝒙 − 𝟔 = width
Inequality: 𝒙(𝒙 − 𝟔) ≥ 𝟔𝟔𝟕 (The width of a rectangle is 6cm shorter than
its length)
𝒙(𝒙 − 𝟔) ≥ 𝟔𝟔𝟕 Inequality

𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 ≥ 667 Distributive Property
𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 = 667 Write as a quadratic equation
(𝑥 + 23)(𝑥 − 29) = 0 Factor
𝑥 = −23, 𝑥 = 29 Zero Product Property
𝑥 ≥ 29 Since we are looking for the dimension, we
will disregard -23. Therefore 𝒙 ≥ 𝟐𝟗.
Checking:
If 𝑥 = 29 If 𝑥 = 30
29(29 − 6) ≥ 667 30(30 − 6) ≥ 667
29(23) ≥ 667 30(24) ≥ 667
667 ≥ 667 720 ≥ 667
True True
Example 3
The width of a rectangle is 5cm shorter than its length. If the area
of the rectangle is at most 36 cm2 , what are the possible integral values
of the length?
Solution: Let 𝒙 = length

𝒙 − 𝟓 = width
Inequality: 𝒙(𝒙 − 𝟓) ≤ 𝟑𝟔 (The width of a rectangle is 6cm shorter than
its length)
𝒙(𝒙 − 𝟓) ≤ 𝟑𝟔 Inequality
𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 ≤ 36 Distributive Property
𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 = 36 Write as a quadratic equation
(𝑥 − 9)(𝑥 + 4) = 0 Factor
𝑥 = 9, 𝑥 = −4 Zero Product Property
𝑥≤9 Since we are looking for the dimension,
we will disregard -4. Therefore 𝒙 ≤ 𝟗.
Checking:
If 𝑥 = 9 If 𝑥 = 8 If 𝑥 = 7
𝑥(𝑥 − 5) ≤ 36 8(8 − 5) ≤ 36 7(7 − 5) ≤ 36
9(9 − 5) ≤ 36 8(8 − 5) ≤ 36 7(7 − 5) ≤ 36
9(4) ≤ 36 8(3) ≤ 36 7(2) ≤ 36
36 ≤ 36 24 ≤ 36 14 ≤ 36
True True True
Example 4. Find the solution set of y < x2 + 3x + 2.

Table of values
x -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1
y 6 2 0 0 2 6
Graph
(-3,6) (1,6)
(-5,4)
(3,3)
(-3,-2)
Test some of the points on the graph of y < x2 + 3x + 2.
(-3 , 6) (-5 , 4) (- 3 , -2)
y < x2 + 3x + 2 y < x2 + 3x + 2 y < x2 + 3x + 2

6 < -32 + 3(-3) + 2 4 < (-5)2 + 3(-5) + 2 -2 < (-3)2 + 3(-3) +2
6<9-9+2 4 < 25 – 15 + 2 -2 < 9 -9 + 2
6<2 4 < 12 -2 < 2
False True True
The coordinates along the

parabola does not satisfy the
given inequality. Therefore, it is
not part of the solution set.
Shade the region where the
inequality is true and that
points are part of the solution
set of y < x2 + 3x + 2.
ACTIVITY
Complete the table below by solving problems involving quadratic

inequalities.
One counting number is two more than the other. What are the
possible values of the smaller number so that the product of the two
counting numbers is at least 143?
Solution: Let 𝒙 = ___ (1) ____

___(2)____ = second number
Inequality: _____(3)_____
_____(4)_____ Inequality
_____(5)_____ Distributive Property
_____(6)_____ Write as a quadratic equation
_____(7)_____ Write in standard form
(_____(8)_____)(__________) = 0 Factor
(__________)(_____(9)_____) = 0 Zero Product Property
(_____(10)_____)
REMEMBER
A Quadratic Inequality can be written into form.
The general forms of the quadratic inequalities are the following:
ax2 + bx + c < 0,
ax2 + bx + c ≤ 0,
ax2 + bx + c > 0,
ax2 + bx + c ≥ 0,
where a, b, and c are real numbers, and a is not zero.
I. Write T if the ordered pair is a solution of the given quadratic

inequality and write F if not. Write your answer on a separate sheet
of paper.
1. x2 – 8x +12 ≤ y , ( 2, 4 )
x2 – 6x - 7 < y , ( - 1 , -7
2. )
2x2 – 3x +1 ≥ y , ( -1 , 5 )
3.
4. 2x2 +12 > y , ( -2, 6 )
x2 – 36 > y , ( -3, 3 )
5.
The length of a rectangle is 4 inches longer than its width.

What are the possible widths if the area of the rectangle is less than
437?
POSTTEST
The length of the rectangle is 1 meter longer than its width. What
dimensions of the rectangle will give an area of at least 132 square
meters?
1. What inequality represents the area and dimension of the

rectangle?
A. (𝑥)(𝑥 + 1) > 132𝑚2 C. (𝑥)(𝑥 + 1) ≥ 132𝑚2
B. (𝑥)(𝑥 + 1) < 132𝑚2 D. (𝑥)(𝑥 + 1) ≤ 132𝑚2
2. What is the possible length of the rectangle?

A. 𝑥 ≥ 12 C. 𝑥 > 12
B. 𝑥 ≤ 12 D. 𝑥 < 12
3. What is the possible width of the rectangle?

A. 𝑥 > 11 C. 𝑥 < 11
B. 𝑥 ≥ 11 D. 𝑥 ≤ 11

QUADRATIC FUNCTION
EXPECTATION
Learning Competency: Model real-life situation using Quadratic function.

• illustrate quadratic functions;
• identify terms related to quadratic functions; and
• model real-life situation using quadratic function.
PRETEST
1. Which of the following represents a quadratic function?

A. y = 3 + 4x2
C. y = 2 x + 5
B. 2y2 + 5 = x D. y = 0.5x - 4
2. What is the correct form of a quadratic function?
A. y = ax2 + bx + c C. y = mx + b
B. y = a – c
x
D. r2 = x2 + y2
3. What makes a function a quadratic?

A. The graph is a straight line.
B. It has a form of y = mx+ b.
C. The highest degree is 3.
D. It has a form of y = ax2 + bx + c
LOOKING BACK
The quadratic equation is an equation of the form ax2 + bx + c = 0,
where a, b, c are real numbers and a ≠ 0. Quadratic equations can be
solved by using any of the following method:
a. Extracting square roots

b. Completing the square
c. Factoring
d. Quadratic formula
There are many real-world scenarios that involves the real-life

application of quadratic function such as throwing things, shooting a ball,
diving from a platform, and hitting a golf ball and applications that involves
areas and revenues.
Consider this situation where Mang Jose wants to enclose a

rectangular space for a new garden within his fenced backyard. He has
purchased 80 feet of wire fencing to enclosed three sides and he will use
a section of the backyard as the fourth side. Find the formula for the area
enclosed by the fence?
GARDEN L
W
BACKYARD
The formula that can be used to represents the area of the fence is
A = -2L2 + 80L.
The obtained formula is an example of a quadratic function.

A quadratic function is a second-degree polynomial of the

y = ax2 + bx + c, or f(x) = ax2 + bx + c, where a, b, and c are real numbers
and a≠ 0.
The highest exponent of the variable x is 2. The graph of a quadratic
function is smooth curved called parabola. Parabola may open upward or
downward and vary in “width” or “steepness” but they all have the same
basic ∪ shape. A parabola has a line of symmetry which means that part
of it on one side of the line reflects the part on the other side. The point
where the line of symmetry crosses the parabola, or it is the turning point
is called the vertex.
Examples:
1. Is the given expression a quadratic function or not?

y = (x – 2) (x – 5)
y = (x – 2) (x – 5) Apply special product
y = x (x – 5) – 2 (x – 5)
y = x 2 – 5x -2x + 10 Combine like terms
y = x2 – 7x + 10
y = x2 – 7x + 10 It is a quadratic function since the highest
degree of the variable x is 2.
2. The pattern shows an example of a quadratic function.
1 4 9
3. This is how the graph of a quadratic function looks like.
ACTIVITY
I. From the given functions below, identify Quadratic functions.

Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper. Show your
complete solution.
y = x2 -5x+3 y = 9x2 - 49 c = 12n – 5
2x + 3y = -7 y = x2 +3x - 8 6p – q = 10
8k – 3 = 12 y = 4x2 +4x + 1 x2 =144
II. Identify which of the following equations are Quadratic function.

Write the correct letter and rearrange it in the box to form the
hidden statement.
A 1. y = 2x + 5x – 4
2
C 2. y = 2x (x2 – 4x)
D 3. y = 3x3 – 4x2 + 5x +6
E 4. y = 2x + 5
M 5. y = (3x – 2) (x – 4)
1
I 6. y = x2
2
B 7. y = 4x3 + 5x2
T 8. y = 2 (x – 3)2 – 6
P 9. y = x4 – 4x3 + 5x2
3
F 10. y = x2 – 5
4
S 11. y = (x – 5)2 – 4
N 12. y = (3x – 2) (3x + 2)
U 13. y = -3x2 + 5
O 14. y = -x3 + 2x - 4
H 15. y = (x +6) ( -3x + 4)

REMEMBER
A quadratic function is a second-degree polynomial of the form

𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 , or 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐, where a, b, and c are
The graph of a quadratic function is smooth curved called
parabola. A parabola has a line of symmetry which means that part
of it on one side of the line reflects the part on the other side. The point
where the line of symmetry crosses the parabola, or it is the turning
point is called the vertex.
I. Read and analyze the given problem. Write your answer on a

separate sheet of paper. Show your complete solution. State
whether each of the following equations represents a quadratic
function or not. Justify your answer.
Equations Yes or No Justification
1. y = x2 -2
2. y = 2x -19
3. y = (x+2) (x-3)
4. y = 3x3 -2x +5
5. y = 5x2
POSTTEST
1. Which of the following is a quadratic function?
A. y = 5x2 B. y = 3x + 2 C. y = 2x D. y = /x + 4 /
2. What is the graph of a quadratic function?
A. Straight line C. Circle

B. Parabola D. Broken lines
3. What makes a function a quadratic function?

A. It is a first-degree polynomial .
B. It has a graph of a straight line.
C. It is second degree polynomial.
D. It has an equation of y = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑏.

REPRESENT QUADRATIC FUNCTION USING TABLE OF
VALUES, GRAPHS, AND EQUATIONS
EXPECTATION
Learning Competency: Represent Quadratic function using table of

values, graph, and equation.
After going through this module, you are expected to represent

quadratic functions using table of values, graphs, and equations.
PRETEST
1. Which of the following table of values represents a quadratic

function?
A.
x -2 -1 0 1 2
y -3 -1 1 3 5
B.
x -2 -1 0 1 2
y -8 -5 -2 1 4
C.
x -2 -1 0 1 2
y 0 -3 -4 -3 0
D.
x -2 -1 0 1 2
y 1 2 3 4 5
2. Which of the following is the graph of a quadratic function?

A. B.
C. D.
A. y = x (x2 – 5) C. y = 2 x-1
B. y = 2x + 5 D. y = -2x2 + 3x -4
LOOKING BACK
A quadratic function is a second-degree polynomial of the form

and a≠ 0.
A quadratic function can be presented using table of values,

graphs, and equations.
In a table of values of a quadratic function, equal differences in x

produce equal second differences in y. The graph is a smooth curve
which is called a parabola. The quadratic function has a form of
and a≠ 0. It can also be written in another form which is the vertex form
y = a (x – h)2 + k where (h, k) is the vertex of the graph of a quadratic

function.
Examples:
1. Is the given table of values representing a quadratic function or

not?
First difference in x 1 1 1 1 1 1
x -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
y 9 4 1 0 1 4 9
First difference in y 5 3 1 -1 -3 -5
Second difference in y 2 2 2 2 2
Notice that the differences in x produced equal second

differences in y, thus the ordered pair of numbers in the given table
represent a quadratic function.
2. Is the given table of values representing a quadratic function or

not?
First difference in x 1 1 1 1 1 1
x -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
y -5 -3 -1 1 3 5 7
First difference in y 2 2 2 2 2 2
Notice that the differences in x produced equal first differences

in y, thus the ordered pair of numbers in the given table does not
represent a quadratic function.
3. Complete the table of values and then graph the given quadratic
function y = x2.
x -2 -1 0 1 2
y 4 1 0 1 4
This is the graph of the

quadratic function
y = x2.
4. The equation of a quadratic function can be written in two ways.

The standard form: y = ax2 + bx + c
The vertex form: y = a (x – h )2 + k
Example: y = -2x2 + 5x – 3
y = -2(x+6)2 + 5
ACTIVITY
Use the second difference test to determine if each of the following
is a quadratic function or not. Then complete the table of values that are
quadratic.
1.
x 3 4 5 6 7 8
y 4 6 8 10
2.
x 3 4 5 6 7 8
y 4 6 8 10
3.
x 0 1 2 3 4 5
y 1 0 3 10
4.
x -2 -1 0 1 2
y 6 3 2 3
5.
x -2 -1 0 1 2 3
y -2 1 4 7
REMEMBER
A quadratic function can be represented through table of values,

graph, and equation. In a table of values, a quadratic function has equal
differences in x produces equal second differences in y. The graph of a
quadratic function is a smooth curve called parabola.
I. Choose the letter of the correct answer. Then write it on a

1. Which of the following table represents a quadratic function?

A.
x -2 -1 0 1 2
y 6 3 2 3 6
B.
x -2 -1 0 1 2
y -4 -1 2 5 8
C.
x -4 -3 -1 0
y -1 -2 2 1
D.
x 0 1 4 9 16
y -1 1 3 5 7

A. C.
B. D.
3. What is the general form of a quadratic function?

A. y = abx C. y = ax2 + bx + c
B. y = /x/ D. y = ax3
4. What are the ways of representing a quadratic function?

A. Through plotting of points.
B. Though substituting the value of x.
C. Through table of values, graphs, and equations.
D. Though finding the maximum and minimum points.
5. How would you know if the given table of values is a

quadratic function or not?
A. If first equal difference in x produces equal first difference
in y.
B. If first equal difference in x produces equal second
difference in y.
C. If difference in x is equal to the difference in y.
D. If the difference in y are not equal.
I. In a graphing paper, graph the following quadratic functions.
1. y = x2 – 4x + 4
x -1 0 1 2 3 4 5
y 9 4 1 0 1 4 9
2. y = 2x2 – 3x + 4
x -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
y 18 9 4 3 6 13 24
POSTTEST

A. y = 5x2 -4 C. y = 3x3 + 2
B. y = ax D. y = /2x - 4 /
2. Which of the following table of values represents a quadratic
function?
A.
x 0 2 4 6 8
y 9 12 15 18 21
B.
x -2 -1 0 1 2
y 19 10 7 10 19
C.
x 0 1 2 3
y 7 14 28 56
D.
x 0 1 3 4 6
y 5 10 20 25 35

A. C.
B. D.

TRANSFORMING QUADRATIC FUNCTIONS
EXPECTATION
Learning Competency: Transform the quadratic function defined by
y = ax2 + bx + c into the form y = a (x – h)2 + k and vice versa.
After going through this module, you are expected to transform the
quadratic function defined by y = ax2 + bx + c into the form
y = a (x – h)2 + k and vice versa.
PRETEST
1. Which of the following will make x2 + 6x a perfect square trinomial?

A. 6 B. 9 C. 12 D. 18
2. What is the vertex form of y = x2 – 4x + 9?
A. y = (x – 1)2 – 5 C. y = (x - 1)2 + 5
B. y = (x – 2)2 – 5 D. y = (x – 2)2 + 5
3. What is the standard form of y = (x + 1)2 – 5?
A. y = x2 + 2x + 4 C. y = x2 + 2x – 4
B. y = x2 - 2x – 4 D. y = x2 - 2x + 4
LOOKING BACK
Let’s recall how to solve quadratic equations by completing the
square and at the same time how to expand a square of a binomial.
1. Solve for the roots of x2 – 4x – 5 by completing the square.

Solution:
x2 – 4x = 5 Write the quadratic equation in the
form x2 + bx = c.
x2 – 4x + 4 = 5 + 4 Add (b/2)2 to both sides of the
equation.
(x – 2)2 = 9 Factor the left side of the equation
into a perfect square.
√(𝑥 − 2)2 = √9 Extract the square root of both sides
of the equation.
x–2=3 Simplify.
x=5 Use Addition Property of Equality.
2. Expand: (x – 3)2
Solution:
To expand a square of a binomial, just follow these steps:
a. Square the first term x2
b. Multiply the terms inside the parenthesis times two
(x) (-3) (2) = -6x
c. Square the last term (-3)2 = 9
Therefore, (x – 3)2 = x2 – 6x + 9.
Using the above illustration, you now recall how to use completing
the square in solving quadratic equations and how to expand a square of
a binomial. This concept is very important because it is a pre-requisite in
your next lesson. You will use this in transforming quadratic functions
from standard to vertex form and vice versa.
The standard form of quadratic function is given by y = 𝑎𝑥 2 + bx +

c. On the other hand, the vertex form of the quadratic function is given by
y = 𝑎(𝑥 − ℎ)2 + k where (h, k) is the vertex.
There are two methods that you can use to change quadratic
functions from standard to vertex form. These methods are Completing
the Square and the so – called “sneaky tidbit” or the shortcut method.
A. Completing the Square

Example 1: y = 𝑥 2 + 4x + 7
y – 7 = (𝑥 2 + 4x) Isolate the 𝑥 2 and x terms.
y – 7 + 4 = (𝑥 2 + 4x + 4) Add (b/2)2 to both sides of the
equation.
y – 3 = (𝑥 + 2)2 Simplify and convert the right side to a
perfect square.
y = (𝑥 + 2)2 + 3 Addition Property of Equality
Example 2: y = 2𝑥 2 – 4x + 5
y – 5 = (2𝑥 2 – 4x) Isolate the 𝑥 2 and x terms.
y – 5 = 2(𝑥 2 – 2x) Factor out the leading coefficient of 2
before completing the square.
y – 5 + 2 = 2(𝑥 2 – 2x + 1) Since you factor out the leading
coefficient of 2, you need to multiply it
to (b/2)2 before you add it on the left
side. So, you actually add 2 to both
sides of the equation.
y – 3 = 2(𝑥 − 1)2 Simplify and convert the right side to a
perfect square.
y = 2(𝑥 − 1)2 + 3 Addition Property of Equality
B. “Sneaky tidbit” or the Shortcut Method
When working with the vertex form of a quadratic function, you can
use the following formulas in finding the values of h and k,
−𝒃
h= and k = y. The value of “a and b” here refer to y = 𝒂𝒙𝟐 + bx
𝟐𝒂
+ c.
Example 1: y = 2𝑥 2 – 4x + 5
a = 2 and b = -4 Identify the values of a and b.
−b −(−4) 4
h= = =4 Substitute and simplify.
2a 2(2)
h=1
k=y
k = 2𝑥 2 – 4x + 5 Substitute the value of y.
k = 2(1)2 – 4(1) + 5 Substitute the value of h for x.
k=2–4+5 Simplify.
k=3
y = 𝑎(𝑥 − ℎ)2 + k
y = 2(𝑥 − 1)2 + 3 Substitute the values of a, h, and k.
Example 2: 𝑦 = 3𝑥 2 + 6x – 4
Solution:
a = 3 and b = 6 Identify the values of a and b.
−b −(6) −6
h= = = Substitute and simplify.
2a 2(3) 6
h=-1 Express your answer in simplest form.
k = 3𝑥 2 + 6x – 4 Substitute the value of y.
k = 3(−1)2 + 6 (-1) – 4 Substitute the value of h for x.
k=3–6–4 Simplify.
k = -7
y = 𝑎(𝑥 − ℎ)2 + k
y = 3(𝑥 + 1)2 – 7 Substitute the values of a, h, and k.
In the above examples, you have learned how to transform quadratic

functions from standard form to vertex form. Now let’s have the other way
around – from vertex form to standard form. See the illustrations below.
Example 1: Change y = (x – 2)2 + 5 into its standard form.
y = (x – 2)2 + 5 Given
y = x2 – 4x + 4 + 5 Expand the squared expression
y = x2 – 4x + 9 Simplify
Example 2: Change y = -3 (x + 4)2 + 35 into its standard form.

y = -3 (x + 4)2 + 35 Given
y = -3 (x2 + 8x + 16) + 35 Expand the squared expression
y = -3x2 – 24x – 48 + 35 Distributive Property of Multiplication
y = -3x2 – 24x – 13 Simplify
ACTIVITY
Change the given quadratic functions from standard form to vertex
form or vice versa. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1. 𝑦= 𝑥 2 + 6x – 1 6. y = -2(x – 1)2 + 2
2. 𝑦= −2𝑥 2 + 8x – 7 7. y = (x + 5)2 – 10
3. 𝑦= 2𝑥 2 + 16x + 1 8. y = 2(x – 3)2 + 2
4. 𝑦= 3𝑥 2 + 12x – 1 9. y = (x + 6)2 – 12
5. 𝑦= 5𝑥 2 – 10x – 3 10. y = -3(x – 2)2 + 9
REMEMBER
The standard form of quadratic function is y = ax2 + bx + c while
the vertex form is y = a (x – h)2 + k.
In transforming quadratic functions from standard form to vertex
form, the following methods can be used:
1. Completing the square
2. Shortcut Method
On the other hand, to transform a quadratic function from vertex

form to standard form, expand the square of a binomial then combine
similar terms.

I. Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Then write it
on a separate sheet of paper.
1. What is the vertex form of 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 – 8x – 10?

A. y = (𝑥 − 4)2 – 26 C. y = (𝑥 − 2)2 + 26
B. y = (𝑥 + 4)2 – 26 D. y = (𝑥 − 8)2 + 26
2. What is the standard form of y = -2 (x – 1)2 – 8?

A. y = -2x2 + 4x – 10 C. y = 2x2 – 4x + 10
B. y = -2x2 – 4x + 10 D. y = 2x2 + 4x – 10
3. Which of the following is the vertex form of 𝑦 = −2𝑥 2 + 12 x –

9?
A. y = 2(𝑥 − 3)2 + 9 C. y = −2(𝑥 − 3)2 + 9
B. y = (𝑥 + 3)2 + 9 D. y = −2(𝑥 + 3)2 + 9
4. What is the vertex form of 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 12x + 11?

A. y = (𝑥 − 6)2 – 25 C. y = (𝑥 − 6)2 + 25
B. y = (𝑥 + 6)2 – 25 D. y = (𝑥 + 6)2 + 25
5. Which of the following is the standard form of 𝑦 = −(𝑥 + 3)2 –

20?
A. y = -x2 – 6x – 29 C. y = x2 – 6x – 29
B. y = -x2 + 6x + 29 D. y = x2 + 6x + 29
1. A ball is projected upward with initial velocity of 64 ft/s is given
by y = -16t2 + 64t. Find the maximum height reached by the
ball.
2. Jaime was asked by his teacher to transform the quadratic
function y = 2x2 – 8x + 5 into its vertex form. Can you help Jaime
do it?
POSTTEST
1. What is the vertex form of y = -3x2 + 6x – 3?

A. y = 3(x – 1) C. y = 3(x + 1)
B. y = 3(x – 1)2 D. y = -3(x + 1)2
2. Which among the quadratic functions below is the standard form of

y = -(x – 5)2 + 10?
A. y = x2 + 10x – 15 C. y = -x2 + 10x – 15
B. y = x2 – 10x + 15 D. y = -x2 – 10x – 15
3. What is the vertex form of y = x2 – 6x + 5?

A. y = (x + 3)2 – 32 C. y = (x + 3)2 + 32
B. y = (x - 3)2 – 32 D. y = (x - 3)2 + 32
G9 MIMs # 17– WEEK 6 – 2nd QUARTER

GRAPH OF QUADRATIC FUNCTIONS
EXPECTATION
Learning Competency: Graph quadratic function.

• describe the graph of quadratic function; and
• graph quadratic function.
PRETEST
1. Which of the quadratic functions has the narrowest graph?

A. y = −3x2 B. y = 17 x2 C. y = 13 x2 D. y = −4x2
2. What is the opening of the graph f(x) = x2 - 6x – 5?

A. curve up B. curve down C. curve left D. curve right
3. What is the opening of the graph f(x) = -x2 + 6x – 10?

A. curve up B. curve down C. curve left D. curve right
LOOKING BACK
Quadratic Function
A quadratic function is always written as: f(x) = ax2 + bx + c where,
a is the leading coefficient, b is the linear coefficient , and c is the
constant.
The graph of a quadratic function is a curve called parabola.

Quadratic functions can be written in standard form, y = ax2 + bx + c,
or vertex-form or the a-h-k form, y = a (x - h) 2 + k.
The parabola opens upward if the

leading coefficient or the value of a is
positive.
The vertex is the lowest point or the
minimum point.
The parabola opens downward if the

leading coefficient or the value of a is
negative.
The vertex is the highest point or the
maximum point.
Example 1: Using a Table of Values to Graph Quadratic Functions

Complete the table of values to graph each function.
f(x) = x2 - 6x + 5
x 0 1 2 3 4 5
f(x)
Step 1: Substitute the value given to x into the function to determine

the value of f(x).
If x = 0 If x = 1 If x = 2
f(x) =x2 – 6x +5 f(x) =x2 – 6x +5 f(x) = x2 – 6x +5
f(x) = 02 -6(0) +5 = 5 f(x) = 12 -6(1) +5 = 0 f(x) = 22 -6(2) +5 = -3
If x = 3 If x = 4 If x = 5
f(x) =x2 – 6x +5 f (x) =x2 – 6x +5 f (x) =x2 – 6x +5
f(x) = 32 -6(9) +5 = -4 f(x) = 42 -6(4) +5 = -3 f(x) = 52 -6(5) +5 = 0
Step 2: Graph the points from the table

Notice that after graphing the function, you can identify the vertex as
(3,-4) and the zeros as (1,0) and
(5,0).
x 0 1 2 3 4 5
F(x) 5 0 -3 -4 -3 0
ACTIVITY
Identify if the graph of the quadratic equation opens upward or

downward. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper. Show your
complete solution.
1. y = x2 - 5 6. y = 2x2 - 3
2. y = (x+7)2 7. y = (2x+7)2
3. y = -x2 + 3 8. y = -5x2 + 3
4. 0 = 3x2 +5y 9. 0 = 7x2 +9y
5. y = -(x+5)2 10. y = - (7x+5)2
REMEMBER
The graph of a quadratic function is a curve called parabola.

Quadratic function can be written in standard form, y = ax2 + bx + c,
or vertex-form, y = a (x - h) 2 + k.

I. Directions: Graph each quadratic function on a graphing paper.
1. y= x2 + 3 4. y = x2 - 4
2. y = 2x2 - 1 5. y = - 3x2 +12x – 8
3. y = x2 + 2x + 1
Graph the quadratic function.

1
y = 3 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 1
POSTTEST
1. What is the value of a if the graph of a parabola opens upward?
A. positive B. negative C. 0 D. neutral
2. What is the value of a if the graph of a parabola is curved down?
A. positive B. negative C. 0 D. neutral

3. How do you describe the opening of the graph of the equation
y= x2 + 3?
A. Upward B. Downward C. left D. right

THE GRAPH OF QUADRATIC FUNCTIONS
EXPECTATION
Learning Competency: Graph a quadratic function: (a) domain; (b)

range; (c) intercepts; (d) axis of symmetry; (e) vertex; (f) direction of the
opening of parabola.
After going through this module, you are expected to graph a quadratic
function and identify the domain, range, intercepts, and direction of the
opening of parabola.
PRETEST
1. What is the domain of the quadratic function y = x2 – 3?

A. -∞ < 𝒙 < ∞ C. -∞ < 𝒙 > ∞
B. -∞ > 𝒙 < ∞ D. ∞ < 𝒙 < −∞
2. What is the x – intercepts of the quadratic function y = x2 – 4?
A. x = -2 and x = 2 C. x = -2 and x = 0
B. x = 0 and x = 2 D. x = -2
3. What is the opening of the graph of the quadratic function
y = -2x2 + 7x – 3?
A. Upward C. Left
B. Downward D. Right
LOOKING BACK
Let us recall how to graph a quadratic function.
1. Graph the quadratic function y = x2 – 4x + 3.

Solution:
First step, make a table of values. Assign values for x to solve the
values of y using the given equation.
x -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
y 15 8 3 0 -1 0 3
Ex. If x = -2, to solve for y, substitute the value of x from the given
equation.
y = x2 – 4x + 3
y = (-2)2 – 4(-2) + 3
y = 4 + 8 + 3 = 15
Therefore, if x = -2, y = 15 as seen from the table.
After completing the table, you now have the ordered pairs. They
are (-2, 15), (-1, 8), (0, 3), (1, 0), (2, -1), (3, 0), and (4, 3). Use these
ordered pairs to sketch the graph of y = x2 – 4x + 3.
This is now the graph of y = x2 – 4x + 3.
Using the above illustration, you now recall how to graph a quadratic
function. This concept is very important because it is a pre-requisite in
your next lesson.
A quadratic function can be written in the form y = ax2 + bx + c, where

a, b, and c are real numbers and a is not equal to 0. Its graph is called a
parabola.
The domain of the graph consists of all the input values shown on
the x – axis. In a quadratic function, the domain is all real numbers.
On the other hand, the range is the possible output values which
are shown on the y – axis. If a> 0 , the parabola opens upward. Thus, the
range is given by y≥ 𝑘. If the value of a< 0, the parabola opens
downward. Thus, the range is given by y≤ 𝑘.
The x-intercept is the value of x when y = 0. When the graph

intersects the x – axis, the point of intersection is known as the x-
intercepts.
On the other hand, when the graph intersects the y – axis, the point
of intersection is known as the y – intercepts. In addition, the y – intercept
of the graph of y = ax2 + bx + c is equal to the value of c, the constant
term.
Example 1: Graph the function y = x2 + 1 and identify the domain, range,
intercepts, and the opening of the parabola.
Solution:
Make table of values to sketch
x -2 -1 0 1 2
the graph of the quadratic
y 5 2 1 2 5
function.
Since the graph continues up toward

the left and up toward the right, the domain
contains all real numbers, from negative
infinity to positive infinity.
Domain: -∞ < 𝒙 < ∞, or all real numbers
Since the minimum y – value is 1 and the graph continues to extend

upward, the range contains all real numbers greater than or equal to 1.
Range: y ≥ 𝟏
From the graph, you can clearly see that it does not intersect the
x – axis. Therefore, there is no x – intercept. On the other hand, the
y – intercept is 1 since the graph intersect the y – axis at 1. The parabola
opens upward since a> 0.
Example 2: Graph the function y = -x2 + 2x – 5 and identify the domain,

range, intercepts, and the opening of the parabola.
x -2 -1 0 1 2 3 Make table of values to sketch

the graph of the quadratic
y -13 -8 -5 -4 -5 -8
function.
Since the graph continues down

toward the left and down toward the right,
the domain contains all real numbers,
from negative infinity to positive infinity.
Domain: -∞ < 𝒙 < ∞, or all real
numbers
Since the maximum y – value is -4 and the graph continues to

extend downward, the range contains all real numbers less than or equal
to -4.
Range: y ≤ −𝟒
There is no x – intercept since the graph does not intersect the
x - axis. The graph intersects the y – axis at -5 so the y – intercept is -5.
The parabola opens downward.
ACTIVITY
Identify the domain, range, intercepts, and the opening of the graph
of the given quadratic functions. Write your answer on a separate sheet
of paper. Show your complete solution.
1. y = -x2 + 5 6. y = -x2 + 6x - 5
2. y = x2 – 8 7. y = 3x2 – 3x + 6
3. y = -2x2 + x + 3 8. y = -x2 + 3x
4. y = 2x2 + 4x – 2 9. y = x2 – 4x + 12
5. y = x2 – 2x + 10 10. y = x2 + 10x - 1
REMEMBER
➢ The graph of a quadratic function is a parabola.
➢ The domain of the graph of quadratic function is all real numbers,
from negative infinity to positive infinity.
➢ The range is the possible output values which are shown on the
y – axis.
➢ When the graph intersects the x – axis, the point of intersection is
known as the x- intercepts.
➢ When the graph intersects the y – axis, the point of intersection is
known as the y – intercepts.
➢ The parabola opens upward if the value of a is greater than 0.
➢ The parabola opens downward if the value of a is less than 0.

1. What is the domain of the quadratic function y = x2 – 2x whose
graph is shown at the right?
A. -∞ < 𝒙 < ∞ C. -∞ < 𝒙 > ∞
B. -∞ > 𝒙 < ∞ D. ∞ < 𝒙 < −∞
2. What is the range of the graph in number 1?
A. y ≤ −1 C. y ≤ 1
B. y ≥ −1 D. y ≤ 1
3. What is the x – intercepts of the function
as shown in the graph?
A. x = 0 and x = -1 C. x = 0 and x = 1
B. x = 0 and x = -2 D. x = 0 and x = 2
4. What is the y – intercept of the function as shown in the graph?
A. y = -1 B. y = 0 C. y = 1 D. y = 2
5. What is the y – intercept of the quadratic function y = -2x2 + 3x –
7?
A. y = -7 B. y = -2 C. y = 0 D. y = 3
The height h in feet of a ball t seconds after being tossed

upwards is given by the function h(t) = 10t – 5t2. What is its
domain, range, and intercepts?
POSTTEST
1. What is the range of the quadratic function y = x2 – 2x + 1?

A. y ≥ −1 B. y ≥ 0 C. y ≥ 1 D. y ≥ 2
2. What is the y – intercept of the quadratic function y = -2x2 + x + 6?
A. y = -2 B. y= 0 C. y = 1 D. y = 6
3. What is the domain of the graph of the quadratic function
y = -2x2 – x – 5?
A. -∞ < 𝒙 < ∞ C. -∞ < 𝒙 > ∞
B. -∞ > 𝒙 < ∞ D. ∞ < 𝒙 < −∞

THE VERTEX AND THE AXIS OF SYMMETRY OF THE
GRAPH OF QUADRATIC FUNCTIONS
EXPECTATION
Learning Competency: Graph a quadratic function: (a) domain; (b)
range; (c) intercepts; (d) axis of symmetry; (e) vertex; (f) direction of the
opening of parabola
After going through this module, you are expected to find the vertex
and the axis of symmetry of the graph of quadratic function.
PRETEST
1. What is the vertex of the graph of quadratic function y = x2 – 3?

A. (0, -3) C. (-3, 0)
B. (0, 0) D. (3, 0)
2. What is the axis of symmetry of the graph of quadratic function
y = -2x2 + 4?
A. x = -2 C. x = 2
B. x = 0 D. x = 4
3. What is the vertex of the graph of the quadratic function
y = x2 + 6x – 3?
A. (-3, -12) C. (3, -12)
B. (-3, 12) D. (3, 12)
LOOKING BACK
Let us recall how to transform quadratic function from standard form
to vertex form.
1. Transform the quadratic function y = x2 – 4x + 3 into its vertex form.

Solution:
y = x2 – 4x + 3 Given
y – 3 = x2 – 4x Addition Property of Equality
y – 3 + 4 = x2 – 4x + 4 Completing the square.
y + 1 = (x – 2)2 Change the right side to perfect

square
y = (x – 2)2 – 1 Addition Property of Equality
y = (x – 2)2 - 1 is the vertex form of y = x2 – 4x + 3.
Using the above illustration, you now recall how to transform a

quadratic function from standard to vertex form. This concept is very
important because it is a pre-requisite in your next lesson.
The vertex is the turning point of a parabola. It is the point where the
quadratic function y = ax2 + bx + c attains its maximum value when 𝑎 < 0
or minimum value when 𝑎 > 0. The vertex of a parabola can be
determined from the quadratic function of the form y = a (x – h)2 + k, where
a, h, and k are all real numbers and the coordinates of the vertex is at
(h, k).
The axis of symmetry is the line which divides the parabola into two
parts such that half of the graph reflects the other. In addition, the axis of
symmetry passes through the vertex of the parabola since it will pass
through the line x = h.
Example 1: The graph the quadratic function y = x2 + 1 was shown below.

Find the vertex and the axis of symmetry.
Solution:
As shown on the graph, the vertex of the

parabola is at (0, 1). As you can see, the
graph is symmetric at the y – axis.
Therefore, the axis of symmetry is the
line x = 0.
Example 2: The graph the function y = -x2 + 2x – 5 was shown below. Find
the vertex and the axis of symmetry.
Solution:
The vertex is at (1, -4) and the axis of

symmetry is the line x = 1.
Example 3. Find the vertex and the axis of symmetry of the graph of the
quadratic function y = x2 + 4x + 3.
Solution: In this problem, since the graph was not given, you can find the
vertex by using the vertex form of the quadratic function.
y = x2 + 4x + 3 Given
y – 3 = x2 + 4x Addition Property of Equality
y – 3 + 4 = x2 + 4x + 4 Completing the square
y + 1 = (x + 2)2 Change the right side of the equation
to a perfect square
y = (x + 2)2 – 1 Addition Property of Equality
The vertex form of a quadratic function y = (x – h)2 + k where (h, k)

is the vertex. Therefore, the vertex of the quadratic function y = x2 + 4x +
3 is (-2, -1). To get the axis of symmetry, x = h. Therefore, the axis of
symmetry is the line x = -2.
Another option that you may use is the use of formula in finding the
−𝑏 4𝑎𝑐− 𝑏 2
value of h and k: h = and 𝑘 = .
2𝑎 4𝑎
Example 4: Find the vertex and the axis of symmetry of the graph of
y = -2x2 + 5x - 1
a = -2, b = 5, c = -1 Identify values of a, b, and c
−𝑏
h= Formula to be used
2𝑎
−5
h = 2(−2) Substitution
𝟓
h= Simplify
𝟒
4𝑎𝑐− 𝑏 2
𝑘= Formula to be used
4𝑎
4(−2)(−1)− (5)2
𝑘= Substitution
4(−2)
8− 25
𝑘= Simplify
−8
−17
𝑘= Simplify
−8
𝟏𝟕
k= 𝟖
𝟓 𝟏𝟕
Therefore, the vertex is at ( , ) and the axis of symmetry is the line
𝟒 𝟖
𝟓
x= .
𝟒
ACTIVITY
Identify the vertex and the axis of symmetry of the graph of the given
quadratic functions. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1. y = -x2 + 5 6. y = -x2 + 6x - 5
2. y = x2 – 8 7. y = 3x2 – 3x + 6
3. y = -2x2 + 8x + 3 8. y = -x2 + 3x
4. y = 2x2 + 4x 9. y = x2 – 4x + 12
5. y = x2 – 2x + 10 10. y = x2 + 10x - 1
REMEMBER
➢ The vertex is the turning point of the parabola.

➢ The vertex is at maximum value when 𝑎 < 0.
➢ The vertex is at minimum value when 𝑎 > 0.
➢ The vertex has a coordinate of (h, k).
➢ The axis of symmetry is the line that divides the parabola into 2
parts in a way that the half of it reflects the other.
➢ The axis of symmetry is the line x = h.
−𝑏
➢ You can use these formulas in finding the vertex: h = and
2𝑎
4𝑎𝑐− 𝑏2
𝑘= 4𝑎

1. What is the vertex of the quadratic function y = x2 – 2x whose

graph is shown at the right?
A. (0, 1) C. (-1, 1)
B. (1, -1) D. (1, 1)
2. What is the axis of symmetry of the graph?
A. x = -1 C. x = 1
B. y = -1 D. y = 1
3. What is the vertex of the quadratic function y = -2x2 + 4 as shown

from the graph?
A. (0, -4) C. (0, 4)
B. (-4, 0) D. (4, 0)
4. What is the axis of symmetry of the graph of
y = -2x2 + 4?
A. x = 0 C. x = 4
B. x = -4 D. y = 4
5. Which of the following coordinates is the vertex of the graph of
the quadratic function y = -x2 + 5x – 4?
A. (2.5, 2.25) C. (2.5, -2.25)
B. (-2.5, 2.25) D. (2.25, 2.5)
The height h in feet of a ball t seconds after being tossed

upwards is given by the function h(t) =-t2 + t + 1. What are the
coordinates of the highest point reached by the ball?
POSTTEST
1. What is the vertex of the graph of the quadratic function

y = -x2 – 2x + 7?
A. (-1, -8) B. (-1, 8) C. (-8, 1) D. (1, 8)
2. What is the axis of symmetry of the graph of the quadratic

function y = -x2 + 6x + 2?
A. x = -2 B. x= 3 C. x = 6 D. x= 11
3. Which of the following coordinates is the vertex of the graph of
the quadratic function y = -3x2 + 2x – 5?
A. (-1/3, -14/3) C. (1/3, -14/3)
B. (-1/3, 14/3) D. (1/3, 14/3)

THE EFFECTS OF CHANGING VALUES OF A, H, AND K IN
THE GRAPH OF QUADRATIC FUNCTION
EXPECTATION
Learning Competency: Analyze the effects of changing values of a, h,

and k in the equation y = a (x – h)2 + k of a quadratic function on its graph.
After going through this module, you are expected to analyze the
effects of changing values of a, h, and k in the equation y = a (x – h)2 + k
of a quadratic function on its graph.
PRETEST
1. What happened to the graph of y = -x2 if the value of a was changed

to -3/2 making the function y = -3/2x2?
A. The graph became wider.
B. The graph became narrower.
C. The graph remains the same.
D. The graph shifted 3/2 units to the left of the origin.
2. How would the graph of y = x2 move to get the curve of y = x2 – 8?
A. The graph of y = x2 will shift 8 units to the right of the origin.
B. The graph of y = x2 will shift 8 units to the left of the origin.
C. The graph of y = x2 will shift 8 units above the origin.
D. The graph of y = x2 will shift 8 units below the origin.
3. How would you describe the translation of the graph of y = (x – 1)2

– 2 from the graph of y = (x – 1)2?
A. It is shifted 2 units upward.
B. It is shifted 2 units downward.
C. It is shifted 2 units to the left.
D. It is shifted 2 units to the right.
LOOKING BACK
Let us recall the following concepts:
➢ The vertex form of a quadratic function is in the form
y = a (x – h)2 + k where (h, k) is the vertex.
➢ If the vertex form of a quadratic function is in the form
y = a (x + h)2 – k, the vertex is (-h, -k). Take note that the operation
inside the parenthesis vary depending on the given value of h. The
operation is subtraction (-) if h is positive and it will be addition (+) if
h is negative.
➢ h values are located on the x – axis while k values are located on
the y - axis
Using the above concept, you now recall the vertex form of a
quadratic function and why the operation inside the parenthesis vary. At
the same time, you also recall where to locate the values of h and k. This
concept is very important because it is a pre-requisite in your next lesson.
Did you ever ask yourself what will happen to the graph of a
quadratic function if the values of a, h, and k changed? What do you think
will be the effect of changing these values in the graph of quadratic
function?
Let’s analyze some of the graphs below to understand the effects of

changing the values of a, h, and k in the graph of a quadratic function.
Example 1: What happens to the graph of y = x2 when the value of a

increases or decreases?
y = 1/3x2 y = x2 y = 3x2
As shown on the illustrations above, the graph of y = x2 compresses
or became narrower when |𝑎| > 1. On the other hand, it became wider
when 0 < |𝑎| < 1 .
Example 2: What is the effect of h in the graph of a quadratic function
y = x2?
y = (x + 4)2 y = x2 y = (x - 4)2
The illustrative examples above, h represents horizontal shift either

how far left or right the graph shifted from x = 0. In y = (x + 4)2, the graph
is shifted 4 units to the left of the origin. On the other hand, in y = (x – 4)2
the graph is shifted 4 units to the right of the origin.
If h is positive, the movement is to the right of x = 0. However, if it is

negative the movement is to the left of x = 0.
Example 3: What is the effect of k in the graph of a quadratic function

y = x2?
y = x2 + 2 y = x2 y = x2 – 2
As shown on the examples above, k represents vertical shift either

how far up or down the graph shifted from y = 0. In y = x2 + 2, the graph
is translated 2 units above the origin. On the other hand, in y = x2 – 2 the

graph is translated 2 units below the origin.
1
Example 4: Describe the graph of the quadratic function y = 2(x – 3)2 + 2
with respect to y = x2.
Solution:
Without graphing, you can actually describe the transformation of

the graph of a quadratic function with respect to y = x2. Always remember
that h represents horizontal shift while k represents vertical shift. Aside
from that, the graph becomes wider when 0 < |𝑎| < 1 and narrower when
|𝑎| > 1.
1
Therefore, the quadratic function y = (x – 3)2 + 2 was translated 3
2
units to the right of the origin and 2 units above the origin. The shape of
the graph became wider since 0 < |𝑎| < 1.
Example 5: Describe the graph of the quadratic function y = -3 (x + 1)2 –

2 with respect to y = x2.
Solution: The graph became narrower since |𝑎 | > 1. In addition, the graph
of the function was shifted 1 unit to the left of the origin and two units
downward/below the origin.
ACTIVITY
Given the quadratic functions below, describe the translation that
happens to the graph with respect to the quadratic function y = x2. Write
your answer on a separate sheet of paper. Show your complete solution.
1. y = 2 (x + 5)2 6. y = -(x – 3)2 + 8

2. y = (x – 3)2 – 7 7. y = (x + 8)2 – 1
−2 −1
3. y = (x + 1)2 + 5 8. y = (x + 3)2 + 12
3 2
1 1
4. y = 2 (x – 7)2 + 3 9. y = 5 (x – 4)2 + 13
5. y = (x + 9)2 + 2 10. y = -2 (x + 4)2 – 5
REMEMBER
➢ Changing a makes the parabola appear “wider” or “narrower”. The

parabola appears wider when the absolute value of a is greater
than 1 (|𝑎| > 1). On the other hand, it appears wider when the
absolute value of a is greater than 0 but less than 1 (0 < |𝑎| < 1).
➢ h represents horizontal shift either how far left or right the graph
shifted from x = 0.
➢ k represents vertical shift either how far up or down the graph
shifted from y = 0.

1. What is the quadratic function that best describes the graph as
shown at the right?
A. y = - (x – 1)2
B. y = - (x + 1)2 – 2
C. y = - (x – 1) + 2
D. y = -x2 - 2
2. How would the graph of y = x2 move to get the curve of
y = (x – 2)2?
A. The graph of y = x2 will shift 2 units to the right of the origin.
B. The graph of y = x2 will shift 2 units to the left of the origin.
C. The graph of y = x2 will shift 2 units above the origin.
D. The graph of y = x2 will shift 2 units below the origin.
3. Which of the following statements best describes the translation
that happened in the graph of the quadratic function y = (x – 5)2
+ 3?
A. The graph of y = x2 was shifted 5 units to the right of the origin
and 3 units upward.
B. The graph of y = x2 was shifted 5 units to the right of the origin
and 3 units downward.
C. The graph of y = x2 was shifted 5 units to the left of the origin
and 3 units upward.
D. The graph of y = x2 was shifted 5 units to the left of the origin
4. What happened to the graph of y = x2 if the value of a was

changed to 1/2 making the function y = 1/2x2?
A. The graph became wider.
B. The graph became narrower.
C. The graph remains the same.
D. The graph shifted ½ units to the left of the origin.
5. What is the quadratic function described by this statement “The
graph of y = x2 was shifted 2 units to the left and 5 units
downward.”?
A. y = (x – 2)2 + 5 C. y = (x + 2)2 + 5
B. y = (x – 2)2 – 5 D. y = (x + 2)2 – 5
1. Mrs. Jackson asked her students to analyze the translation

that happened in the graph of the quadratic function
y = -3 (x + 2)2 – 7 with respect to y = x2. Describe briefly and
show the graph of y = x2 and y = -3 (x + 2)2 – 7 using the same
Cartesian plane.
POSTTEST
1. What is the quadratic function described by this statement “The

graph of y = x2 was shifted 5 units to the right and 3 units
upward.”?
A. y = (x – 5)2 + 3 C. y = (x + 5)2 + 3
B. y = (x – 5)2 – 3 D. y = (x + 5)2 – 3
2. Which of the following statements best describes the translation

that happened in the graph of the quadratic function y = (x + 2)2 +
9?
A. The graph of y = x2 was shifted 2 units to the right of the origin
and 9 units upward.
B. The graph of y = x2 was shifted 2 units to the right of the origin
C. The graph of y = x2 was shifted 2 units to the left of the origin
and 9 units upward.
D. The graph of y = x2 was shifted 2 units to the left of the origin
3. Which of the following should be the movement of the graph of the

quadratic function y = x2 to arrive with the graph of y = (x – 5)2 – 2?
A. Shift 5 units to the left and 2 units downward
B. Shift 5 units to the right and 2 units downward
C. Shift 5 units to the left and 2 units upward
D. Shift 5 units to the right and 2 units upward

DETERMINE THE EQUATION OF A QUADRATIC FUNCTION
GIVEN THE TABLE OF VALUES, GRAPH AND ZEROS
EXPECTATION
Learning Competency: Determine the equation of a quadratic function

given table of values, graph, and zeros.
equation of a quadratic function given the graph.
PRETEST
1. What is the vertex of the equation, y = (x + 3) ² + 4?

A. (3, 4) B. (3, -4) C. (-3,4) D. (-3, -4)
2. If in a quadratic equation, the value of a is positive, what is the

opening of its parabola?
A. Upward C. Downward
B. Opens to the Right D. Opens to the Left
3. If a graph of quadratic function is given, what are the things we

should use to determine the equation?
A. The vertex and a point on the graph.

B. The opening of the graph.
C. The vertex only.
D. The axis of symmetry.
LOOKING BACK
Let us recall the following concepts:

➢ The vertex form of a quadratic function is in the form y = a (x – h)2 +
k where (h, k) is the vertex.
➢ h values are located on the x – axis while k values are located on
the y – axis.

When the vertex and any point on the parabola are clearly seen, the
equation of the quadratic function can easily determine by using the form
of the quadratic function y = a (x – h )2 + k. Here is the easiest way to
determine the equations of a quadratic function when the graph is given.
1. Find the vertex (h, k) and one point (x, y).

2. Set into Vertex Form y=a(x-h) ²+k.
3. Solve for a.
4. Rewrite a and (h, k) back into the vertex form.
Example 1:
What is the equation of the given graph?
Solution:
1. Find the vertex and one point. (2, -3) (5, 6)

2. Substitute the vertex and one point in the
vertex form y=a(x-h) ²+k; h=2, k=-3, x=5, y=6
6 = a (5 - 2) ² - 3
3. Solve for a. 6 = a (5 - 2)²- 3

6 = a (3) ²- 3
6 = a (9) -3 Simplify
6+3 = 9a
9 = 9a Divide both sides by 9
9 9𝑎
=
9 9
1=a
4. Write a and (h, k) back 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎(𝑥 − ℎ) ² + 𝑘 into the vertex form
𝑦 = 𝑎 (𝑥 − ℎ) ² + 𝑘 where, h = 2, k = -3, a =1.
𝑭(𝒙) = 𝟏(𝒙 − 𝟐) ² − 𝟑 or
𝒚 = 𝟏 (𝒙 − 𝟐) ² − 𝟑
Therefore, the equation of the given graph is 𝒚 = (𝒙 − 𝟐)² − 𝟑.
Example 2:
What is the equation of the graph?
Solution:
1. Find the vertex (-1,3)
and one point. (0,5)
2. Substitute the vertex and one point in the vertex form
𝑦 = 𝑎(𝑥 − ℎ) ² + 𝑘, h= -1, k = 3, x = 0, y = 5.
y =a(x-h) ²+k
5=a (0 -(-1)) ²+3
3. Solve for a. 5= a (0-(-1)) ²+3

5 = a (1) ²+3
5 = a (1) +3
5-3=a
2=a
4.Write a and (h, k) 𝑦 = 𝑎 (𝑥 − ℎ)² + 𝑘
The equation of the graph is 𝒚 = 𝟐 (𝒙 + 𝟏)² + 𝟑.
Example 3:
What is the equation of the graph?
Solution:
1. The vertex is (-1,8), one point is (-2,6).
2. Substituting the values of h=-1, k=8, x=-2 and y=6
to the vertex form. 6=a (-2-(-1)) ²+8
3. Solving the value of a. a= - 2
4. Transforming into the vertex form:
F(x)= -2(x-(-1)) ²+8
F(x)= -2(x+1) ²+8
The equation of the graph is 𝒚 = −𝟐 (𝒙 + 𝟏)² + 𝟖.
ACTIVITY
complete solution. Complete the steps in writing the equation of the
given graph.
1. Write the vertex of the graph. ___________

2. Write down one point on the graph. ______
3. substitute the values of h,k,x and y in the
equation y=a(x-h)²+k. ______
4. Solve for the value of a. _______
5. Write the equation of the graph. __________
6. Write the vertex of the graph___________

7. Write down one point on the graph.
___________
8. Substitute the values of h,k,x and y
in the equation y=a(x-h)²+k. ____________
9. Solve for the value of a. __________
10. Write the equation of the graph. __________
REMEMBER
The easiest way to determine the equation of a quadratic function

when the graph is given is by following these steps:
1. Find the vertex (h, k) and one point (x, y)
3. Solve for a.

sheet of paper.
For numbers 1-3, refer to the graph.

1. Given the graph on the right, what is the vertex?
A. (4,8) C. (-4, -8)
B. (-4,8) D. (4, -8)
2. What point on the graph should be consider in substituting it to the
vertex form of quadratic function?
A. (0, -2) B. (-6,0) C. (-2, -6) D. (-6, -2)
3. What is the value of a in the equation of the given graph?
A.1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
4. If the vertex of the graph of a certain quadratic function is (6,8) and

the point to consider is (4,0), What must be the opening of the
graph?
A. Opens to the Left C. Opens to the Right
B. Opens Upward D. Opens Downward
5. Given the same situation in no.4, what is the equation of the
function?
A. f(x)=2(x-6) ²- 8 C. f(x)=2(x+6) ²+ 8
B. f(x)=-2(x+6) ²+8 D. f(x)=-2(x-6) ²+ 8
separate sheet of paper. Show your complete solution. Find the
quadratic function with the given vertex and point. Write your
answer in standard form.
1. Vertex (0, 0) passing through (−2, 8)
2. Vertex (2, 0) passing through (1, 3)
3. Vertex (−3, 0) passing through (−5, −4)
POSTTEST
From the given graph, answer the following questions.

1. What is the vertex of the given graph?

A. (1, 4) C. (1, - 4)
B. (-1, -4) D. (-1, 4)
2. What is the value of a?
A. a = 1 B. a = -1 C. a = 2 D. a = -2
3. What is the equation of the given graph in standard form?
A. y = x2 - 2x - 3
B. y = x2 + 2x - 3
C. y = x2 - 2x + 3
D. y = x2 + 2x + 3

EXPECTATION

equation of a quadratic function given table of values.
PRETEST
1. In the equation 𝑦 = 2𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 5, if the value of x is 2, then, what

is the value of y?
A. 8 B. 7 C. 6 D. 5
2. Given the same equation in number 1, if the value of x = 0, what is

the value of y?
A. 0 B. 3 C. 5 D. 10
3. What will be the equation of the quadratic function given the

ordered pair (3, -2)?
A. -2 = 9a + 3b + c C. -2 = 9a – 3b + c
B. -3 = 4a + 2b + c D. -3 = 4a – 2b + c
LOOKING BACK
Let us recall the following concepts on solving linear equations using

different methods such as substitutions, elimination, or graph.
The elimination method involves the additional of systems of

equations with simpler corresponding systems until a system is obtained
to easily get the solutions.
Example: Solve for x and y of the given equations.

2x + 3y = -1
5x – 3y = 29
7x = 28
x=4
Substitute x = 4 to any of the two equations.
2(4) + 3y = -1
8 + 3y = -1
3y = -9
y = -3
Another way to determine the equations of a quadratic function

when table of values is given.
Example 1
Derive the quadratic function from the table of values.
x 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
y 5 11 19 29 41 55 71
Solution:
A. Let the quadratic function be of the form y= ax² + bx + c where a, b and
c are to be determined. Let us consider any 3 ordered pairs (x, y) from
the table.
Let us take (1, 5), (2, 11) and (3, 19).
B. Substitute the values of x and y in the 3 chosen points of the form

y = ax2 + bx + c.
Using (1, 5) Using (2, 11)
5 = a (1)² + b(1) + c 11 = a(2)² + b(2) + c
5=a+b+c - Equation 1 11 = 4a + 2b + c - Equation 2
Using (3 ,19) 19 = a (3)² + b(3) + c

19 = 9a + 3b + c - Equation 3
We obtain a system of linear equations in 3 unknowns a, b and c.
C. Solve system of equations by combining two equations one at a time.

Solving for equation 2 and 1 to eliminate one variable.
11 = 4a + 2b + c
5= a+ b+c
6 = 3a + b - Equation 4
Solving for equation 3 and 2 to eliminate one variable.
19 = 9a + 3b + c
11 = 4a + 2b + c
8 = 5a + b - Equation 5
D. Solve for Equation 5 and 4 to eliminate one variable.
8 = 5a + b
6 = 3a + b
2 = 2a - Simplify to solve for the value of a.
a=1
E. Substituting a = 1 in equation 4 or 5
6 = 3a + b 8 = 5a + b
6 = 3 (1) + b 8 = 5 (1) + b
6=3+b 8=5+b
6–3=b 8–5=b
3=b 3=b
Same value of b will be obtained if you used any of the equations.
F. Substituting a = 1 and b = 3 in any of the three equations.

Equation 1 Equation 2 Equation 3
5=a+b+c 11 = 4a + 2b + c 19 = 9a + 3b + c
5=1+3+c 11 = 4(1) + 2(3) + c 19 = 9(1) + 3(3) +c
5= 4+c 11 = 4 + 6 + c 19 = 9 + 9 + c
5–4=c 11 – 10 = c 19 – 18 = c
c=1 c=1 c=1
Same value of c will be obtained so you can used any of the three
equations.
G. Substituting the values of a, b and c in the general form y= ax² + bx +

c, the quadratic function determined by the table is y = x² + 3x + 1.
Example 2
Find the quadratic equation whose graph contains the points (1,2)
(-2,23) (3,8).
Solution:
A. Substitute the given ordered pair (1,2), (-2, 23) and (3, 8) in the
form of the quadratic function y = ax2 + bx + c.
From point (1, 2)

2 = a (1) ² + b (1) +c
2 = a + b +c Equation 1
From point (-2,23)
23 = a (-2)² + b(-2) +c
23 = 4a -2b +c Equation 2
From point (3,8)
8 = a (3)² +b(3) +c
8 = 9a +3b +c Equation 3
A. Solve systems of equation

Equation 2 and 1: 23 = 4a – 2b + c
2= a+ b+c
21 = 3a – 3b - Simplify
7=a–b - Equation 4
Equation 3 and 2: 8 = 9a + 3b + c
23 = 4a - 2b + c
-15 = 5a + 5b - Simplify
-3=a+b - Equation 5
B. Solve for equation 4 and 5 to eliminate one variable.
7=a–b
-3 = a + b
4 = 2a - Solve for a
a=2
C. Substitute a = 2 in equation 4 or 5 to find the value of b.
7=a–b
7=2–b
7- 2 = - b
5 =-b - Multiply by ( -1)
-5=b
D. Substitute the obtained value of a and b in any of the first three
equations to find the value of c.
2 = a + b +c
2 = 2 + (-5) + c
2 = -3 + c
2+3=c
5=c
Therefore, the quadratic equation is: y = 2x² - 5x + 15.
ACTIVITY

complete solution. Determine the equation of the quadratic function given
the table of values below, substitute each ordered pair in the form, y = ax²
+ bx + c and simplify.
x -2 -2 0 1 2 3
y 4 0 -2 -2 0 4
REMEMBER
To determine the equation of a quadratic function given the table

of values, follow these steps:
1. Choose three ordered pairs.
2. Substitute each value of (x, y) in the equation, y = ax2 + bx +
c.
3. Solve systems of equation to obtained equations 1 ,2, and 3.
4. Solve systems by combining equation 1 and 2, 2 and 3 or 3
and 1 to obtained equations 4 and 5.
5. Solve equations 4 and 5 to obtain the value of one variable.
6. Substitute the obtained value of the variable to get the other
variables.
7. Substitute the obtained value of a, b, and c in the equation
y = ax2 + bx + c to determine equation of the quadratic function.

sheet of paper.
From the given table of values, answer the following questions.
x -2 -1 0 1 2
y -3 -3 -1 3 9
1. Getting the points (-2, -3) in the given table of values, what must be
the first equation?
A. 4a -2b +c =-3 C. 2a -4b +c =-3
B. 4a -2b +c = 3 D. 4a + 2b +c =-3
2. What is the value of c?

A. 3 B. -1 C. 1 D. -3
3. What is the value of a?

A. 3 B. -1 C. 1 D. -3
4. What is the value of b?

A. 3 B. 1 C. -1 D. -3
5. What is the equation of the quadratic function?

A. y = x² + 2x + 3 C. y = x² - x - 1
B. y = x² + 3x + 1 D. y = x² + 3x -1
1. The vertex of the parabola is (2, 5) if the graph passes through the
point (3 ,7), what is the equation of the quadratic function?
2. From the given table of values, find the equation of the quadratic
function.
x 0 1 2 3 4
y 4 10 12 10 4
POSTTEST
1. In the equation 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 5, if the value of x is - 4, then, what is

the value of y?
A. 13 B. -13 C. 29 D. -29
2. Given the same equation in number 1, if the value of x = 0, what is the

value of y?
A. 0 B. 3 C. 5 D. 10
3. What will be the equation of the quadratic function given the ordered
pair ( -3, -2)?
A. -2 = 9a + 3b + c C. -2 = 9a – 3b + c
B. -3 = 4a + 2b + c D. -3 = 4a – 2b + c

EXPECTATION

equation of a quadratic function given the zeros of the function.
PRETEST
1. What is the equation of a quadratic function whose zeros are -2 and

3?
A. y = x2 + x + 6 C. y = x2 - x - 6
B. y = x2 + x – 6 D. y = x2 - x + 6
2. What is the equation of a quadratic function whose zeros are
1 ± √2 ?
A. y = x2 - 2x – 1 C. y = x2 + 2x + 1
B. y = x2 - 2x + 1 D. y = x2 + 2x – 1
3. Given the zeros of the quadratic function as 8 and -12, respectively,
what is the equation of the function?
A. y = x2 + 4x + 96 C. y = x2 + 4x - 96
B. y = x2 - 4x – 96 D. y = x2 - 4x + 96
LOOKING BACK
Let us recall the following concepts on determining the equations of

Quadratic function using graph and table of values.
To determine the equations of a quadratic function when the graph
is given.
1. Find the vertex (h, k) and one point (x, y)
3. Solve for a.

The graph of a Quadratic function is a parabola. A parabola can
cross the x -axis once, twice, or never. The x- coordinates of these points
of intersection is the x – intercepts or the zeros of the function since these
are the values of x when y is equal to 0.
Another way to determine the equations of a quadratic function is

when the zeros of the function is given. Let us try how to do it. We can
you use two solutions in finding the equation of the quadratic function.
Example 1
Find the quadratic function whose zeros are 7 and -3.
Solution:
Zeros of the function means it is the value of x when y = 0.
Therefore, we can write the given information as:
x = 7 and x = -3
x – 7 = 0 and x + 3 = 0 Equate both to zero
(x – 7) (x + 3) = 0
x2 + 3x – 7x - 21 = 0 Apply the special Product
x2 – 4x -21 = 0 Simplify
The equation of the quadratic function is y = x2 – 4x -21.
A. Alternative solution using y = a (x – r1) (x – r2), where, r1 = 7 and

r2 = -3.
y = a (x – 7) (x – (-3)) Substitute the given roots

y = a (x – 7) (x + 3) Apply the Special Product
y = a (x2 + 3x – 7x - 21)
y = a (x2 – 4x – 21) Simplify
Since the numerical coefficient of x2 is 1, then a = 1. Thus, the
equation of the quadratic function is y = x2 – 4x – 21.
Example 2
3 2
Find the quadratic function whose zeros are − 2 and 3.
Solution A:
3 2
x=− and x =
2 3
2x = -3 and 3x = 2 Multiply each term by the denominator

2x +3 = 0 and 3x -2 = 0 Equate both to zero
(2x + 3) (3x – 2) = 0
6x2 - 4x + 9x - 6 = 0 Apply the Special Product
6x2 + 5x - 6= 0 Simplify
The equation of quadratic function is y = 6x2 + 5x – 6.
3
B. Alternative solution using y = a (x – r1) (x – r2), where, r1 =− 2 and
2
r2 = .
3
3 2
y = a (x – (− 2)) (x - 3 ) Substitute the given roots.
3 2
y = a (x + 2) (x - 3) Multiply each binomial by the denominator
y = a ( 2x + 3 ) ( 3x – 2)
y = a (6x2 - 4x + 9x - 6) Apply the Special Product
y = a (6x2 + 5x – 6) Simplify
Since the numerical coefficient of x2 is 6, then a = 6. Thus, the
equation of the quadratic function is y = 6x2 + 5x – 6.
Example 3
Find the quadratic function whose zeros are 1 ± √3.
Solution A:
x = 1 ± √3 Apply Addition Prop. of Equality
x – 1 = ± √3
(x – 1)2 = (± √3)2 Square both sides of the equation
x2 – 2x + 1 = 3 Apply the Special Product
x2 – 2x + 1 – 3 = 0 APE
x2 – 2x – 2 = 0 Simplify
The equation of the quadratic function is y = x2 - 2x – 2.
3 2
B. Alternative solution using y = a (x – r1) (x – r2) where, r1 =− 2 and r2 = 3.
3 2
y = a (x – (− 2)) (x - 3 ) Substitute the given roots.
3 2
y = a (x + 2) (x - 3) Multiply each binomial by their denominator.
y = a (2x + 3) (3x – 2) Apply the Special Product
y = a (6x2 - 4x + 9x - 6)
y = a (6x2 + 5x – 6) Simplify
Since the numerical coefficient of x is 6, then a = 6. Thus, the

equation of the quadratic function is y = 6x2 + 5x – 6.
ACTIVITY

complete solution. Write the indicated letter of the zeros of the function on
the corresponding blank below the box containing the equation of the
quadratic function.
3 1 1
R. { 5 , - 4 } M. { - 2 , 1} I. { 3 , 3 }
A. { 9 , - 4 } S. { 7 , - 3 } H. { 3 ± 5 √2 }
9
U. { 5 , - 5 } T. { - 6 , 10 } F. { 3 , - 2 }
5
N. { , 6 }
2
y = 2x2 + x - 3 y = x2 - 5x - 36 y = x2 - 4x - 60 y = x2 - 6x - 41
1. _____ 2. _____ 3. _____ 4._____
y = 9x2 - 6x + 1 y = x2 - 4x - 21
5._____ 6._____
y = 2x2 + 3x - 27 y = x2 - 25 y = 2x2 - 17x + 30
7. ______ 8. _____ 9. _____
REMEMBER
In determining the equation of the quadratic function given the

zeros of the function, two methods are shown:
1. using the Special Products; and
2. using y = a (x – r1 )2 (x – r2 )2.

I. Choose the letter of the correct answer. Then write it on a
1. What is the equation of the quadratic function whose zeros are 4
and 7?
A. y = x2 – 11x + 28 C. y = x2 + 11x + 28
B. y = x2 – 11x - 28 D. y = x2 + 11x - 28
2. What are the ways in determining the equation of the quadratic

function?
I. Given table of values II. Given graphs III. Given the zeros
A. II only B. II and III C. I, II, III D. I and II
1
3. Given the zeros of the Quadratic function as 2 and -3, what is the
equation of the function?
A. y = 2x2 – 5x + 3 C. y = 2x2 + 5x + 3
B. y = 2x2 – 5x - 3 D. y = 2x2 + 5x – 3
4. If the zeros of the quadratic function are {3, -1} respectively, which
of the following is the equation of the quadratic function?
A. y = (x – 1 )2 + 4 C. y = (x + 1 )2 - 4
B. y = (x – 1 )2 - 4 D. y = (x + 1 )2+ 4
5. What are the zeros of the quadratic function y = 3x2 – 5x – 8?

8 8 8 8
A. { 3 , -1} B. { 3 , 1} C. {- 3 , -1} D. {- 3 , 1}
Find the equation of the quadratic function given its zeros.

2 ±√5
1. {2 ±√3 } 2. { }
3
POSTTEST
3
1. What is the equation of a quadratic function whose zeros are - 4 and
1
?
2
A. y = 8x2 + 2x + 3 C. y = 8x2 + 2x - 3
B. y = 8x2 - 2x – 3 D. y = 8x2 - 2x + 3
2. What are the zeros of the given quadratic function: y = 6x2 – 7x + 2?

1 2 1 2
A. { , } C. {− , }
2 3 2 3
1 2 1 2
B. {− 2 , − } D. {2 , − 3}
3
√2 √2
3. If the zeros of the quadratic function are { 2 , − 3 } , what is the
equation of the function?
A. y = 9x2 + 2 C. y = - 9x2 - 2
B. y = 9x2 - 2 D. y = - 9x2 + 2
G9 MIMs # 24 – WEEK 8 – 2nd QUARTER

SOLVE PROBLEMS INVOLVING QUADRATIC FUNCTION
EXPECTATION
Learning Competency: Solve problems involving quadratic
function.
involving quadratic function.
PRETEST
Directions: Read the problem carefully and answer the questions

that follows. Choose the letter of the best answer then write it on a
The Cuneta Astrodome administrators are trying to determine the

basketball ticket price. At a price of Php 120.00 per ticket, 10,000 people
are expected to attend the game. But for every Php 2.00 increase in the
ticket price, it loses 100 attendees.
1. What is the equation of the given problem expressing the total

revenue R as a function of the increase in ticket price x?
A. R(x) = 200x2 + 8000 x + 1,200,000
B. R(x) = - 200x2 + 8000 x + 1,200,000
C. R(x) = 200x2 - 8000 x + 1,200,000
D. R(x) = - 200x2 +8000 x - 1,200,000
2. What ticket price can give the maximum revenue?
A. Php 120.00 C. Php 160.00
B. Php 140.00 D. Php 180.00
3. How many people are expected to attend at this ticket price?

A. 5000 C. 7000
B. 6000 D. 8000
LOOKING BACK
The different lessons that have been discussed in this quarter is very
helpful to learners to be able to answer real life application of quadratic
function. The concept on finding the vertex, minimum and maximum point,
the zeros, or the roots, and how to represent, and determine a quadratic
function is essential in this module.

The application of quadratic function can be seen in many different
fields such as business, physics and in variety of mathematical problems.
Properties of quadratic function and how can we apply them to solve real-
life problems is needed. Here are the steps in solving problems related to
quadratic function.
1. Draw and label a picture if necessary.
2. Define all the variables.
3. Determine if there is a special formula needed. Substitute the
given information into the equation.
4. Write the equation in standard form.
5. Use any method in finding the zeros of Quadratic function.
6. Check the answers.
Examples:
1. The sum of two numbers is 32. Find the maximum product and
the two numbers.
Let: x = be the first number
32 – x = the second number
f(x) = the product of the two numbers
f(x) = x (32 – x)
f(x) = 32 x – x2 Apply Distributive Prop. of Multiplication
The maximum value of f(x) is the ordinate of the vertex of its graph,
f(x) = – x2 + 32 x
a = -1 b = 32 c=0
4𝑎𝑐−𝑏 2 4(−1)(0) −(32)2
k= = Substitute the value of a, b, and c
4𝑎 4(−1)
−(32)2
= Simplify
−4
−1024
k= Perform the operation
−4
k = 256
Thus, the maximum product is 256.
The product of the two numbers x and 32 – x must be equal to the
maximum product 256.
That is, f(x) = – x2 + 32 x
256 = – x2 + 32 x Substitute the value of the
maximum product
0 = – x2 + 32 x – 256 Write in standard form
0 = x2 – 32 x + 256 Rewrite the equation where the
value of a is positive
0 = (x – 16) (x – 16) Factor
x – 16 = 0 , x – 16 = 0 Equate both with zero
x = 16 , x = 16 The value of x
Therefore, the two numbers whose sum is 32 and whose product is
the maximum are 16 and 16.
2. What are the dimensions of the largest rectangular field that can
be enclosed by 72cm. of fencing wire?
Let l = be the length
w = be the width
P = perimeter of a rectangle
A = area of a rectangle
Solution:
P = 2l + 2w Formula for perimeter of rectangle
72 = 2l + 2w Substitute the given perimeter
36 = l + w Simplify]
l = 36 – w Solve for l
l = 36 - w
w Illustrate.
Substitute in the formula for the area of a rectangle.

A(w) = lw
A(w) = w ( 36 – w ) Substitute the value of l and w
A(w) = 36 w – w2 Apply the distributive property
A(w) = w2 – 36 w Rewrite in standard form
A(w) = (w2 – 36 w + ___) + _____ Complete the square
1
[ (−36)]2 = 324
2
A(w) = (w2 – 36w + 324) + 324 Add it to both blank

A(w) = - ( w – 18 )2 + 324 Simplify
The vertex of the graph of the function A(w) is ( 18 , 324 ). This point
indicates a maximum value of 324 for A(w) that occurs when w = 18. Thus,
the maximum area is 324m2 when the width is 18m. If the width is 18m,
then the length is (36-18)m or 18 m. The field with a maximum area is a
square.
3. A ball is thrown from the top of 144 - foot building. The ball
follows a trajectory. The height H reached by the ball after t seconds is
given by the quadratic functions H(t) = 64t – 16t2.
a. How high did the ball reach?
b. How long did it take to reach that height?
c. Where was the ball after 5 seconds?
d. How long did it take for the ball to hit the ground?
Maximum height
Position of the ball after 5 secs.
144 ft.
Solution:
a. The maximum height is the ordinate of the vertex of the parabola.
H(t) = 64t - 16t2
By completing the square
H(t) = 64t - 16t2
= - 16t2 + 64t Arrange to standard form
= - 16 ( t2 – 4t) Complete the square
𝑏
= -16 ( t2 – 4t + 4 ) + 64 Get ( )2
2
H(t) = -16 (t – 2 )2 + 64
The ordinate k of the vertex is 64. Thus, the maximum height
reached by the ball is 64 ft. from the top of the building.
b. The time elapsed when the ball reached the maximum height is the
abscissa h of the vertex of the parabola.
H(t) = -16 (t – 2 )2 + 64
The abscissa h of the vertex is 2. Hence the maximum height of 64
ft. from the top of the building is reach after 2 seconds.
c. The position of the ball after 5 seconds can be determined by

evaluating H(t) at t = 5 seconds.
H (t) = 64t - 16t2
H (5) = 64 (5) - 16(5)2 Substitute the t = 5 seconds
= 320 – 400
H (5) = - 80
This means that the ball is 80 ft. below the top of the building.
d. To determine how long it took the ball to hit the ground, let
H (t) = - 144, then find t.
H (t) = 64t - 16t2
-144 = 64t - 16t2 Substitute H(t) = -144
16t2 – 64 t -144 = 0 Arrange the equation in standard
Form
t2 – 4t – 9 = 0 Divide all terms by the value of a
Use quadratic formula to solve for t.
a=1 b=-4 c=-9
−𝑏±√𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐 −(−4)±√(−4)2 −4(1)( −9)
t= = Substitute the value of
2𝑎 2(1)
a, b and c.
4±√16+36 4±√52
t= = Factor the radicand
2 2
4±√(4)(13)
= Get the square root
2
4±2 √13
= Simplify
2
t = 2 ±√13
t ≈ 5.61 seconds
Note: 2 −√13 yield a negative value. Hence, 2 +√13 is considered.
It took approximate 5.61 seconds before the ball reached the ground.
ACTIVITY
Directions: Solve the given problem by filling the blanks with the
correct answer. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper. Show
your complete solution.
Problem: Two numbers differ by 9. The sum of their squares is

653. What are the numbers?
Solution: Let x = the smaller number
x + 9 = the larger number
x2 + (x + 9)2 = 653
x2 + x2 + _____
1 + ____
2 = 653
2x2 + 18x - ____

3 =0
x2 + ___
4 - 286 = 0
(x + ___)
5 (x - ___)
6 =0
7
x = ____ x = ____
8
The two numbers are ______

9 and ______.
10
REMEMBER
Here are the steps in solving problems related to quadratic
functions:
1. Draw and label a picture if necessary.
2. Define all the variables.
3. Determine if there is a special formula needed. Substitute the
given information into the equation.
4. Write the equation in standard form.
5. Use any method in finding the zeros of Quadratic function.
6. Check the answers.

I. Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Then write it on
a separate sheet of paper.
Problem: Find two real numbers with a sum of 60 and a product that
is as great as possible.
1. How are the two numbers be represented?
A. x = 1st number C. x = first number

60 + x = 2nd number 60 - x = 2nd number
B. 60 = 1st number D. 60 = 1st number
60 + x = 2nd number 60 - x = 2nd number
2. Which is the correct representation of the problem?
A. f(x) = (x) (60 + x) C. f(x) = (60) (60 + x)
B. f(x) = (x) (60 - x) D. f(x) = (60) (60 - x)

3. What is the equation use to answer the given problem?
A. f(x) = x2 + 60x C. f(x) = x2 + 3600
B. f(x) = -x2 + 60x D. f(x) = x2 - 3600
4. Which of the following formula will give the first value of the
number?
−𝑏 4𝑎𝑐−𝑏2
A. x = C. x =
2𝑎 4𝑎
𝑏 4𝑎𝑐+𝑏2
B. x = D. x =
2𝑎 4𝑎
5. What are the two numbers?
A. 20 and 40 C. 30 and 30
B. 10 and 50 D. 25 and 35
II. Directions: Read and analyze the given problem. Write your answer
on a separate sheet of paper. Show your complete solution.
1. Find two positive real numbers whose difference is 6 and their

product is a minimum.
POSTTEST
Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the
chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.
Find the dimension of the largest rectangular garden that can be

enclosed by 40m. of fencing.
1. What is asked in the given problem?

A. width only C. width and length
B. length only D. cannot be determined
2. Which is the correct representation for the length and width of the
given problem?
A. x = length C. x = length
20 - x = width 20 + x = width
B. x = length D. x = length
40- x = width 40 + x = width
3. What is the dimension of the largest garden enclosed by 40m of

fencing materials?
A. 10m by 10m C. 12m by 8m
B. 8m by 12m D. 15m by 8m
Reference
Mathematics Learners Material for Grade 9

2nd Quarter SLEM 9

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2nd Quarter SLEM 9

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MATHEMATICS SLEM GRADE 9 SECOND QUARTER

G9 SLEM # 1 – WEEK 1 – 2nd QUARTER

Learning Competency: Illustrate quadratic equations.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. What is the general form of a quadratic equation?

2. Which of the following is a quadratic equation?

3. Which of the following is a quadratic equation?

Special Product and Factoring are the most applied

Consider this problem.

A quadratic equation in one variable is a mathematical sentence of

Examples of Quadratic Equation:

1. 5x2 + 3x + 2 = 0 is a quadratic equation where,

2. 2m2 - 5 = 0 is a quadratic equation where,

3. Is the equation 3(x2 + 7) = 4 a quadratic equation or not?

Therefore, 3x2 + 17 = 0 is a quadratic equation where, 3x2 is the

8k – 3 = 12 4m2 +4m + 1 = 0 r2 =144

II. Tell whether each of the following situation illustrates a quadratic

1. The length of a swimming pool is 8 m longer than its width and

4. A realty developer sells residential lots for Php4,000 per

A quadratic equation is an “Equation of degree 2”. A quadratic

CHECKING YOUR UNDERSTANDING

2. What is the degree of a quadratic equation?

3. Which of the following is a quadratic equation?

4. What is the quadratic coefficient of 3x2+ 5x -9 = 0?

5. What is the constant term of the equation x2 + 2x + 3 = 0?

Equation Standard Form Value of Value of Value of

1. What is the quadratic coefficient of the equation 3x2 + 4x + 5 = 0?

2. What is the constant term of the quadratic equation 3x2 + 4x + 5 =

3. What is the standard form of the equation (2x-7) (x-1) = 0?

G9 SLEM # 2 – WEEK 1 – 2nd QUARTER

Learning Competency: Solve quadratic equations by: (a) extracting

1. What is the value of x in x2 = 121?

A. 60.5 B. ±11 C. ±12 D. 11

2. What is the of x in x2 = 13?

3. Which of the following quadratic equations can be solved by

extracting the square root?

A quadratic equation is in standard form if it is written as ax2 + bx +

BRIEF INTRODUCTION OF THE LESSON

To obtain an accurate and simplified solution, it is important that

Illustrative Example 2: 2x2 = 72

√𝑥2 = √36 Square Root Property

Illustrative Example 3: 3x2 – 27 =0

3x2 = 27 Addition Property of Equality.

Square Root Property

Square Root Property

1. In the square root property, if x2 = c and c ≥ 0, then x is equal to

3. If 2x2 – 32 = 0, then x = ± 4. What principle is applied to get the

4. What is the value of x that satisfies the equation 4x2 – 9 = 135.

5. What are the roots of the quadratic equation 12 = 3x2?

How do you solve an equation

1. What is the value of x in x2 = - 49?

3. Which of the following property is applied if x2 = c, then x = ±√c?

G9 SLEM # 3 – WEEK 1 – 2nd QUARTER

SOLVING QUADRATIC EQUATIONS BY FACTORING

Learning Competency: Solve quadratic equations by (a) extracting

1. What are the solutions of the quadratic equation x2 – 4x -21 = 0?

2. Which quadratic equation has the roots of x = -4 and x = -3?

BRIEF INTRODUCTION OF THE LESSON

A quadratic equation is a second-degree equation in one variable.

In solving quadratic equations, there are different methods that can

Example 1. Solve the quadratic equation: x2 + 9x + 8 = 0.

x2 + 9x + 8 = 0 Check if it is in the standard form

(x +8) (x+1) = 0 Factor the left side