Chemical Nomenclature:

Molecular Compounds and Acids

“from shadows and symbols into the truth”
-Henry Newman
Metals and Non-metals
 Elements and Ions
What are the things we know?
✓ Some elements are neutral, so their charge is
zero.
✓ Some are ions not neutral, so they have charges
as cation or anion.
✓ Some ions are composed of single atom;
monoatomic.
✓ Some ions are composed of more than one
atom; polyatomic.
Chemical Nomenclature
Non-metals form
anions
Metals form cations

Transition metals
can form more than
one cations
 Chemical Nomenclature
Classification of Compounds
1. Ionic compound – metal and non-metal
2. Molecular compound – nonmetallic
elements

Binary compound – two elements

Ternary compound – three elements
 Ionic Compounds
Monoatomic ions
Cation Anion
sodium Na+ fluoride F-
rubidium Rb+ iodide I-
magnesium Mg2+ oxide O2-
calcium Ca2+ sulfide S2-
aluminum Al3+ Selenide Se2-
manganese (II) Mn2+ nitride N3-
manganese (III) Mn3+ phosphide P3-
manganese (IV) Mn4+ carbide C4-
 Ionic Compounds
Polyatomic ions
Cation Anion
ammonium NH4+ cyanide CN-
hydronium H3O+ hydroxide OH-
nitrite NO2-
Anion nitrate NO3-
hypochlorite ClO- permanganate MnO4-
chlorite ClO2- carbonate CO32-
chlorate ClO3- bicarbonate HCO3-
perchlorate ClO4- phosphate PO43-
 Ionic Compounds
Write the formula for
Magnesium nitride and
Magnesium oxide

2+ 3-
(Mg , N , 2-
O )
Mg3N2
MgO
 Ionic Compounds
Name the following chemical
formula
(a) Cu(NO3)2; (b) KMnO4; (c) NH4ClO3

Copper (II) nitrate

Potassium permanganate
Ammonium chlorate
 Prefix
mono-
Meaning
1
Molecular Compound
di- 2 Again, molecular compound is
tri- 3 combination of nonmetallic
tetra- 4 elements
penta- 5
hexa- 6
hepta- 7 Greek prefixes use to denote
octa- 8 number of atoms present.
nona- 9
deca- 10
 Prefix
mono-
Meaning
1
Molecular Compound
di- 2 CO carbon monoxide
tri- 3 CO2 carbon dioxide
tetra- 4 SO2 sulfur dioxide
penta- 5 SO3 sulfur trioxide
hexa- 6 NO2 nitrogen dioxide
hepta- 7 N2O4 dinitrogen tetroxide
octa- 8 H2O dihydrogen monoxide
nona- 9 Mono- for the 1st element may be
deca- 10 omitted
 Prefix
mono-
Meaning
1
Molecular Compound
di- 2 H2O dihydrogen monoxide
tri- 3 water
tetra- 4 B2H6 diborane
penta- 5 CH4 methane
hexa- 6 SiH4 silane
hepta- 7 NH3 ammonia
octa- 8 PH3 phosphine
nona- 9 Common name of compounds with H
deca- 10 atom present
 Prefix
mono-
Meaning
1
Molecular Compound
di- 2 Name the following compounds or
tri- 3 vice versa.
tetra- 4
1. AsF3 8. carbon disulfide
penta- 5 2. SiCl4 9. disilicon hexabromide
hexa- 6 3. P4O10 10. sulfur tetrafluoride
hepta- 7 4. NF3 11. dinitrogen pentoxide
octa- 8 5. Cl2O7 12. nitrogen trichloride
nona- 9 6. NO 13. tetraphosphorus
deca- 10 7. N2O4 hexoxide
 Nomenclature of Acids
Acids are substances that yields
hydrogen ion (H+) when dissolved into
water.
H atom and anion

HCl(g) – hydrogen chloride

HCl(l) – hydrogen chloride
HCl(aq) – hydrochloric acid
 Nomenclature of Acids
Anion Corresponding acid
F- (fluoride) HF (hydrofluoric acid)
Cl- (chloride) HCl (hydrochloric acid)
Br- (bromide) HBr (hydrobromic acid)
I- (iodide) HI (hydroiodic acid)
CN- (cyanide) HCN (hydrocyanic acid)
S2- (sulfide) H2S (hydrosulfuric acid)
Naming acids without the presence of oxygen atom, add
prefix hydro-.
 Nomenclature of Acids
Anion Corresponding acid
CO32- (carbonate) H2CO3 (carbonic acid)
ClO3- (chlorate) HClO3 (chloric acid)
NO3- (nitrate) HNO3 (nitric acid)
PO43- (phosphate) H3PO4 (phosphoric acid)
SO42- (sulfate) H2SO4 (sulfuric acid)

Naming oxoacids which contain hydrogen, oxygen, and

another element.
Common Names