Integrated plant nutrient management:

Integrated plant nutrient management is a practice where all source of nutrient namely organic, inorganic
can be combined and applied to soil so that crop growth enhanced and can get good yield with quality
product.

Importance of IPNM;
Advantage:
Reduce the soil erosion
Increase residue cove
Increase water infiltration into soil
Increase soil organic carbon
Improve soil physical properties
Recycle nutrient legume fixation nitrogen
Weed control
Increase the population of beneficial insect
Reduce the some diseases
Increase mycrorrhizal infection of crop
Improve landscape aesthetics.

Disadvantage:
It required more labor, time, than traditional nutrient management method.
It is more expensive than than traditional nutrient management method
Alleopathy effect i.e the chemical substance secrated by one of the plant or crop may harm other crop.
Sustainable agriculture:
The sustainable agriculture is the successful management of the resources for agriculture to satisfy
changing human needs while maintaining or increasing quality of environment and conserving natural
resources.

Approaches of Sustainable agriculture:

1.Organic agriculture
2.Traditional agriculture
3.Eco-farming or site appropriate agriculture
4.Low external input agriculture
5.Integrated pest management
6.Watershed management
7.Conservation agriculture/minimum tillage

Sustainable agriculture is broad concept that cover number of different approach. Everyone try to achieve
environmentally sound, economically profitable, ethically acceptable, socially form of land husbandry.

1.Organic agriculture:
Organic agriculture is a production system that sustain the health of soil, eco-system and people it relies on
ecologically process biodiversity and cycle adopted to local condition rather than use of inputs with
adverse.

2.Traditional organic practices:

The practice avoids use of chemical fertilizer either due to unavailability or affordability. They relies on
ecology for inputs to agriculture practices.

3.Eco-farming and site appropriate agriculture:

The approach trying to cut down costly inputs and minimize negative environment effect by making
intelligent use of existance ecological factor.it helps to reduce irrigation, fertilizer transportation cost and
save local natural environment.

4.Low externa input agriculture:

The aims to practice sustainable agriculture with minimal use of external inputs but does not completely
exclude of the use of pesticides or synthetic fertilizer.

5.Integrated pest management:

IPM approach reduce the use of synthetic pesticides by integrating use range of ways to control pest and
diseases, pathogen from crop rotation to determining damage thresholds before applying plant protection
measure.

6.Integrated plant nutrient management:

IPNM is system which aims at improving and maintaining soil health to sustain the desire productivity
involving combine use of chemical fertilizer, organic manure couple with includes through biological
process.

Aims of IPNM:
To reduce the organic fertilizer requirement
To enhance nutrient use efficiency
To restore organic matter in soil
To enhance and sustain soil health
To increase farm income
To protect environment
7.Watershed management:
Watershed management aims to adopt land management practice in ecologically vulnerable hill and
mountain, systematic management watershed management is not a agriculture production system rather,
it is a process that plan and regulate the use of land, water and other resource with in a watershed area in
ways that sustain this resources.

8.Conservation agriculture:
It is a farming system that promotes maintenance of permanent soil cover, minimum soil disturbance ( i.e
low tillage), an diversification of plant species. It enhance bio-diversity and natural biological processes
above and below the grown surface which contribute to increase water and nutrient use efficiency, that
improve and sustain crop production.

Three principle of Conservation agriculture:

a. Minimum mechanical soil disturbance
b. Permanent soil cover
c. Species diversification