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ভূ তমো
বাাং঱াদেদলর েদয়েতট র্ােতরর পরীক্ষা (দযমি, NTRC, BJS) ছাড়া বাতে প্রায় ঴ব র্ােতরর তপ্রত঱ পরীক্ষা প্রতিদযাতগিামূ ঱ে।
অ্থুাৎ র্ােতরর পরীক্ষায় SSC বা HSC এর মদিা আপতি তিদজর মদিা েদর ে঱াে঱ পাদেি িা। আপতি পড়াশুিা েরদ঱ি, মদড঱ কটদের
বইদি পরীক্ষা তেদয় ভা঱ িাম্বার কপদ঱ি আর ভাবদ঱ি কয োট মােুদিা এমিই থাদে িাই প্রস্তুতি তিে আদছ। আ঴দ঱ই তে িাই?
পতর঴াংখ্যাি বদ঱, র্ােতরদভদে তপ্রত঱তমিাতর পরীক্ষায় পাল েরদি ঵দ঱ আপিাদে প্রথম ৫-১০% এর মদধয থােদি ঵দব। তেন্তু, র্ূড়ান্ত পরীক্ষার
আদগ আপতি কোিভাদবই তিদজর অ্বস্থাি জািদি পারদছি িা। োরি, আপতি েখ্দিাই তপ্রত঱ পরীক্ষার আদগ আপিার প্রতিদ্বন্দ্বীদের ঴াদথ পরীক্ষা
কেয়ার ঴চ দযাগ পাদেি িা।
কযমি, তবত঴এদ঴র তপ্রত঱র জিয আপতি এো এো মদড঱ কটে তেদয় কয প্রদে ১১০ কপদ঱ি এবাং আদগর বছদরর োট মােুগুদ঱া কেদখ্ তিতিদি
কভদব ব঴দ঱ি কয প্রস্তুতি তিে আদছ। আেদি কেখ্া যাদব, ক঴ই এেই প্রদে পরীক্ষা ঵দ঱, ৩ ঱াখ্ পরীক্ষা তেদ঱, ১৫ ঵াজার পাদবি ১২০ এর
উপদর। তিভুর েরদছ প্রে েতিি িা ঴঵জ ঵঱ িার উপর। অ্থুাৎ এই প্রদে পরীক্ষা ঵দ঱ আপিার পাল েরার কোি ঴ম্ভাবিা কিই ব঱দ঱ই র্দ঱।
অ্থুাৎ আপিার প্রস্তুতির প্রেৃি অ্বস্থাি জািদি আপিাদে পরীক্ষা তেদি ঵দব আপতি যাদের ঴দঙ্গ প্রতিদ্বতন্দ্বিা েরদবি তিে িাদের ঴াদথই।
Live MCQ আপিাদে ক঴ই ঴চ দযাগতট েদর তেদয়দছ। Live MCQ বযব঵ার েদর, আপতি-
 র্ূড়ান্ত পরীক্ষার মি এেতট তিতেুষ্ট ঴মদয় ঵াজাদরা পরীক্ষাথুীর ঴াদথ পরীক্ষায়/মদড঱ কটদে অ্াংলগ্র঵ণ েরার ঴চ দযাগ পাদবি।
 এেই ‘মদড঱ কটদে’ ঴ে঱ প্রতিদযাতগর ঴াদপদক্ষ আপিার প্রস্তুতি এবাং অ্বস্থাি ঴ম্পদেু জািদি পারদবি।
 কোি প্রোর আ঱াো পতরশ্রম ও ঴ময় বযয় িা েদর প্রতিতট পরীক্ষার তবস্তাতরি ে঱াে঱ ঱াভ েরদবি।
 আপতি কয কোি ঴ময় পচরদিা প্রেপত্র কেখ্দি ও পড়দি পারদবি।
 এবাং প্রতিদযাতগিায় কথদে মূ ঱ পরীক্ষার জিয ধাদপ ধাদপ তিদজর উন্নতি েদর যথাযথ প্রস্তুতি কিওয়ার ঴চ দযাগ পাদবি।
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Update Date – 7 December, 2018
Status – Not 100% complete. This lecture will be updated with more information in future.
Periods of English Literature:
Time Name of Period

1. 450 - 1066 The Anglo-Saxon Period or The
Old English Period
2. 1066 – 1500 The Middle English Period
I) Anglo-Norman Period (1066 –
1340)
II) Age of Chaucer (1340 – 1400)
III) Barren Age (1400 – 1485)
3. 1500 – 1660 The Renaissance Period
Preparation for Renaissance
(1500 – 1558)
I) Elizabethan Period (1558 –
1603)
II) Jacobean Age (1603 – 1625)
III) Caroline Age (1625 – 1649)
IV) Commonwealth Period (1649
– 1660)

4. 1660 – 1798 The Neoclassical Period

I) The Restoration Period (1660 –
1700)
II) The Augustan Age or The Age
of Pope (1700 – 1745)
III) The Age of Sensibility or The
Age of Johnson (1745 – 1798)
5. 1798 – 1832 The Romantic Period
6. 1832 - 1901 The Victorian Period
I) The Pre-Raphaelites (1848 –
1860)
II) Aestheticism and Decadence
(1880 – 1901)
7. 1901 – 1939 The Modern Period
I) The Edwardian Period (1901 –
1910)
II) The Georgian Period (1910 –
1936)
8. 1939 – The Post-Modern Period

Some One Word Answers:
What is the oldest English Literature Period?

Ans: The Anglo-Saxon Period (Longest too).
Second Oldest → Anglo-Norman Period (1066 – 1340)
Which one is the Contemporary?
Ans: The Georgian Period.
The Puritan Period = (Jacobean + Caroline Period + Commonwealth
Period) → 1620 – 1660
Age of Chaucer → 1340 – 1400
The Renaissance period is divided into → 4 parts
Which English Literature period was running during the first world war?
Ans: The Modern English period / The Georgian period.
During second world war → The postmodern period.
Which period got the fewest literary work?
Ans: The Anglo-Saxon period.
The longest English literary period -
Ans: Anglo-Saxon period (616 years).

Literary Features of The Ages, Writers and Their Works:

1. Anglo-Saxon Period (450 – 1066)
Literary Features:
* আংররজজ ঴াজ঵রযের প্রাচীনযম যুগ (Oldest English Period)
* এআ Age এর ঄জিকাংল Authors/poets ঄পজরজচয বা Anonymous.
* Heroic deeds, love of Sea adventures, intense of love of glory and
savage are the main literary features of the period.
* এ যুরগ Christianity প্রািানে জবস্তার করর঱ও paganism literary spirit কক
dominate করয।
* Caedmon ও Cynewulf – এআ Age এর দুজন প্রিান কজব।
* Caedmon – আংররজজ ঴াজ঵রযের প্রথম কজব জ঵র঴রব পজরজচয। Fathers of
English Sacred Songs. (Caedmon’s Hymn).
* Henry-1 এআ যুরগর ঴াজ঵জযেক জ঵঴ারব জবখ্োয।
* Alfred the great was a king who reigned England from 871 – 899 and
encouraged education. He supervised the compilation of ‘The Anglo-
Saxon Chronicle’, the earliest prose of English Literature. He is known
as ‘The Law Governing’.
* Cynewulf known as – The writer of Christ.

Major Literary Works:
Name Authors
Beowulf (the earliest epic) Anonymous.
The Wanderer, The Seafarer, Anonymous.
The Husbands Massages
(Poems)
The Anglo-Saxon Chronicles Alfred the Great (the earliest
prose).
One Word Answers:
1. First English long poem Beowulf.

2. Writer of The Husbands Massage Anonymous.
3. Who wrote Beowulf, the earliest epic? Anonymous.
4. What is the earliest prose of E.L.? The Anglo-Saxon
Chronicles.
5. Who is the first English poet? Caedmon.
6. Who is the father of English learning / Venerable Bede.
First historian?
7. Who is the writer of Christ? Cynewulf.
8. Who is the father of English Sacred Caedmon (Caedmon’s
Song? Hymn).

2. Middle English Period (1066 – 1500):

Major literary works and authors:
* Henry of Huntingdon – English historian.
→ History of Anglorum / History of England.
* William of Newbury:
→ History a Rerum Anglicarum / Historia Regum Britanniae.
* Roger Bacon (1214 – 92): Opus Majus, Opus Tertium.
* Geoffrey Chaucer: Father of Modern English poetry.
→ The Canterbury Tales – Troilus and Criseyde, The parliament of
Fowls, The legend of good women, The House of Fame, The Book of
Duchess.
* John Wyclif (1324 – 1384)
Father of English prose.
→ Translated Bible / New Testament into English prose.
* William Langland: English poet.
→ Piers Plowman, Richard the Redeless.

One Word Answers:
1. How many parts in English 3 parts (Anglo-Norman, Age of

Middle age? Chaucer, Barren Age).
2. Which one is age of Chaucer? 1340 – 1400.
3. Father of English poetry / G. Chaucer.
Modern English poetry
4. Father of English prose John Wycliffe.
5. Author of Opus Majus / Opus Roger Bacon.
Tertium
6. Who translated New Testament John Wycliffe.
/ Bible into English?
3. The Renaissance Age (1500 – 1660):

Literary Features:
* Originated in Italy (Florence City).
* Renaissance spirit was the main force that characterized the
literature of this age.
* Major Features → l) Aestheticism. ll) Humanism. lll) Nationalism. lV)
Spirit of Adventure.
* এআ যুগরক চারভারগ ভাগ করা যায়।

A. Elizabethan Age (1558 – 1603)

Features:
* আং঱োরের রাণী Queen Elizabeth এর নামানু঴ারর নামকরণ।
* এটি Golden Age জ঵঴ারব পজরজচয।
* This period is a period of original romanticism.
* This period was replete with lyrics and songs.
* The literature shows a quest for ‘The remote, the wonderful and the
beautiful’.
* Actually, the social life of England was marked by a strong national
spirit, Humanism, religious broad mindedness; scientific curiosity etc.
and these were reflected in literary work of this age.
Major writers and their work:
William Shakespeare (1564 – 1616):
* English National poet. Shakespeare is widely considered to be the
greatest dramatist of all time. He also was an actor.
* Born at Stanford on Avon. For this reason, he is called ‘The Bard of
Avon’.
* Famous for his plays. Also famous for the adjective presentation of
his deep knowledge about human psychology.
* Married to Anne Hathaway and had three children.

* He wrote 38 plays (except the lost play ‘The History of Cardenio’) and
154 sonnets, 3 long narrative poems and some other verses. His plays
have been translated into every major living language and are
performed more often than those of any other playwright.
* Shakespeare wrote most of his plays in Elizabethan age (25 plays).
That’s why he is called Elizabethan dramatist. At though he wrote 13
Serious plays in Jacobean period.
* Among 38 plays, 17 plays are comedies, 21 tragedies and historical
dramas.
* Wrote 154 Sonnets. Founder of Shakespearean Sonnets.
* First work – The comedy of Errors (1599).
* Last work – The Tempest (1611).
* Shakespearean period –> 1590 – 1616.
Comedy:
The Comedy of Errors (1599), Love’s Labour’s Lost, A Midsummer
Night’s Dream, The Two Gentlemen of Verona, The Merchant of
Venice, Much ado about nothing, Merry Wives of Windsor, As You Like
It, Twelfth Night, All’s Well That Ends Well, Cymbeline, Measure for
Measure, The Taming of the Shrew, The Two Noble Kinsmen, The
Winter’s Tale, The Tempest, ‘Pericles, Prince of Tyre’.

Tragedy:
Julius Caesar (1599), Antony and Cleopatra (1606), Coriolanus, Titus
Andronicus, Romeo and Juliet (1594), Hamlet (1601), Troilus and
Cressida, Othello (1604), Macbeth (1605), King lear (1605). Timon of
Athens
Historical Drama:
Henry IV (1,2), Henry V, Henry VI (1,2,3), Henry VIII
Richard III, Richard II
King John
Poems:
A Lover’s Complaint (Narrative Poems)
Venus and Adonis (Narrative Poems)
The Rape of Lucrece (Narrative Poems)
To The Queen
A Funeral Elegy
The Phoenix and The Turtle
The Passionate Pilgrim

Thomas More (1478 - 1535):

* Social philosopher, English lawyer, author and statement.
* Wrote ‘Utopia’ – originally written in Latin.
Edmund Spenser (1552 – 99):
* Called the poet of poets.
The Faerie Queene (an epic), The shepherds calendar, The Ruins of
Time, Astrophel, The Amoretti (sonnets).
Nicholas Udall:
* Father of English Comedy
* Wrote – Ralph Roister Doister (1553), First English Comedy.
Thomas Norton and Thomas Sackville:
* Wrote – ‘Gorboduc’ – first English Tragedy (1562).
Thomas Kyd (1557 – 1595):
* A University Wit.
* Father of Revenge tragedy.
* Name of Book – The Spanish Tragedy (1585).
Sir Philip Sidney (1554 – 86):
An Apology for Poetry (1595) – Criticism book, Arcadia – book that
bears the embryo of English novel, The lady of May – play.

Christopher Marlowe (1564 – 93):

* A University Wit.
* Greatest Dramatist before Shakespeare.
* Father of English Tragedy.
Works:
Tamburlaine the Great (1587), Dr. Faustus (1592), The Jew of Malta,
Edward, The passionate shepherd to his love.
* The passionate shepherd to his love (Poetry).
Francis Bacon (1561 – 1606):
* He was a natural philosopher.
* Father of Essay.
Works: Essays (1597), The Adventure of learning, Novum Organum.
John Lyly:
* A University Wit.
Works: Campaspe, Midas, The Anatomy of wit, Euphues, The women in
the Moon
Robert Greene:
* A University Wit.
Works: Friar Bacon and Friar Bungay, James – iv, Worth and wit
George Peele:
* A University Wit.
* Poem – The Honour of Garter, Polyhymnia.
Works: The Arrangement of Paris, The old wives tale.
Thomas Nashe:
* A University Wit too.
* Wrote – The Unfortunate Traveller.
Beaumont and Fletcher :
Their Works: Philaster, A king and no king, The maid’s tragedy.
George Chapman:
* English dramatist, translator and poet.
* Famous work is the translation of Homer’s Iliad and ‘Odyssey’ into
English.
Works: The blind beggar of Alexandria, An Humorous Day’s Mirth, All
Fools, May Day.
B. The Jacobean Age (1603 – 1625):

Features:
* Named after King James I who resigned England from 1603 – 25.
* ঄রনক আজয঵া঴জবদ এআ Age কক Puritan Age ও বর঱।

Major Writers and Their Works:
Ben Jonson (1573 – 1637):

* Started writing in Elizabeth age.
* His comedies are known as Comedy of Humors.
* Mostly famous for his comedies.
Works: Every Man in His Humour (1598), 1st work: A tale of a Tub,
Volpone, The Alchemist, The Isle of Dogs, Every Man out His Humour,
The Devil is an Ass, The Magnetic Lady.
* Famous poems – A Celebration of Charis, On My First Sonne, A
discourse of Love Underwood.
❏ King James-I who was known as Wisest Fool, instituted the
translation of the Bible into English in 1611. The language of it became
the standard of English Prose.
John Webster:
* English Dramatist.
The white Devil, The Duchess of Malfi, Caesar's Fall.
Cyril Tourneur: The Revenger’s Tragedy, The Atheist's Tragedy.
John Donne (1572 – 1631):
* A Metaphysical poet.

* Dean of St. Paul’s Cathedral.

* Called the poet of Love and Religious poet.
Works:
The Sunne Rising, The Anatomy of the world,
The Undertaking, The Good Morrow, The Flea,
The Ecstasy, The Funeral, Love’s Alchemy.
* Poem – For whom the Bell Tolls.
George Herbert:
* A metaphysical poet.
* Wrote – The Temple (poem), A priest to the Temple (prose).
Robert Herrick:
* A priest.
* Known as Cavalier poet.
* Wrote → Poem: To Daffodils, His Litany to the Holy Spirit.
C. Caroline Age (1625 – 1649):

Features:
* Named after Charles-I. He reigned England from 1625 – 1649.
* এআ Age কক puritan Age ও ব঱া ঵য়।
* Drama collapsed, Metaphysical poetry was main product.
Writer and Works:

John Milton (1608 – 1674):
* The Greatest writer of this age.
* He is called the Epic poet and also called the Great Master of Verse.
Epic: Paradise Lost, Paradise Regained
Other works: Of education, Comus Lycidas, On Shakespeare.
এছাড়াও এআ Age এ John Donne, George Herbert, Henry Vaughan,
Andrew Marvell প্রমুখ্ Literary Figures যারদর Literary Works জবশ্ববা঴ীরক
উপ঵ার কদন।
D. Commonwealth Age (1649 – 1660):

Major writers and their work:
Thomas Hobbes:
* He was a political philosopher.
* Wrote – Leviathan.
Jeremy Taylor:
* His major works are – Holy living, a sermon in prose. Holy Dying, a
sermon in prose.
Henry Vaughan:
* A welsh author, physician and metaphysical poet.

Major works – Mount of Olives, The Chemist’s Key.
Andrew Marvell:
* English metaphysical poet and politician.
Major works – The Garden, To his coy Mistress.
4. Neo-Classical Age (1660 – 1798):

Features:
* এআ literary Age কক ৩ ভারগ ভাগ করা যায়।
A. The Restoration Age – (1660 – 1700).
B. The Augustan Age – (1700 – 1745).
C. The Age of Sensibility – (1745 – 1798).
* The writers of Neo-Classical Age lacked originality and followed Greek
and Roman tradition.
* Human Beings are given most importance.
A. A. The Restoration Period/Age (1660 - 1700):
Features:
* Absolute departure from the literary tradition of the Renaissance
period.

* This period encouraged literary freedom and wild pleasure of this

world. * ফ্োন্টা঴ী বাদ জদরয় ঄রনকটা জীবনমূখ্ী ঴াজ঵যে রচনা শুরু ঵য়।
* The main spirit of the period was satiric.
* Realistic drama was predominant.
Major writers and their works:
Samuel Butler:
* Wrote – Hudibras, a satire in verse.
John Bunyan:
* Famous for his allegory.
Work: Pilgrim’s progress, The Holy War.
John Dryden (1631 – 1700):
* Most famous writer of this age.
* Known as the father of “Modern English Criticism”.
Works: All for love, The Indian Emperor (1665), first work, The
conquest of Granada, The Medal of John Bays, The Essay of Dramatic
poesy, Mac Flecknoe.
William Congreve (1670 – 1729):
* Wrote many Comedies.
Works: Love for Love, The Old Bachelor, The Double Dealer, The way of
the world.

John Locke:
* A philosopher and Literary figure in this period.
* Wrote – An Essay Concerning Human Understanding (1690).
Edmund Waller:
* English poet and politician.
* Wrote – Go Lovely Rose (lyric).
B. The Augustan period / The Age of Pope (1700 – 1745):

Features:
* Named after Roman King Augustus.
* এআ যুরগর প্রিান কজব Alexander Pope এর নামানু঴ারর এটিরক Age of
Pope ও ব঱া ঵য়।
* Most of the writers were satires in prose.
* The modern Novel began.
Major writers and their works:
Alexander Pope (1688 – 1744):
* The main poet of this age.
* He is called mock heroic poet.

Works: An essay on criticism (1711), The Rape of the Lock (1712), The
Dunciad (1728), An essay on Man, The Imitation of Horace, Letter to
Gay.
* The Rape of the Lock is an epic.
Jonathan swift (1667 – 1745):
* Born in England
* Famous Satirist.
Works: Gulliver’s Travel (1726) – the bitterest satire of the 18th century,
The Battle of the Books (1704), A tale of Tub (1704).
* Wrote – poem → A Description of the Morning, Ode to Athenian
Society.
Daniel Defoe (1659 – 1761):
Wrote – Novel → Robinson Cruse, Captain Singleton,
Poem → The True-Born Englishman.
Samuel Richardson (1689 – 1761):
* Wrote the first Novel in English Literature in 1740.
* Pamela or Virtue Rewarded (1740), The first modern novel.
* Also wrote – Clarissa Harlowe.
Henry Fielding (1707 – 1754):
* Most successful Novelist of this age.
* Regarded as the Father of Modern English Novel.
Works: Tom Jones (1749), Amelia, Joseph Andrews, Jonathan Wilde,

Top Secret
C. The Age of Sensibility / Age of Johnson (1745 – 1798):
Features:
* The Heroic Couplet declined and ballad and lyric revived.
* Often use of Pindaric ode.
* Dr. Samuel Johnson এর নামানু঴ারর এআ Age কক Age of Johnson ব঱া
঵য়।
Literary Figures and Their Works:
Samuel Johnson (1709 – 1784):
* Born in Lichfield, Staffordshire.
* Famous critic.
* Compiled the first English Dictionary.
Works:
Novel → Ressalas.
Poem → The vanity of Human Wishes.
Others → Dictionary (1755), Preface to Shakespeare, The False Alarm,
The Adventure.
Oliver Goldsmith (1728 – 1774):
* Irish novelist, playwright and poet.
Works: The citizen of the world (1759), The Traveler (1764), The Vicar
of the Wakefield, The Deserted Village, The Good-Natured Man, She
stoops to Conquer.
Thomas Gray (1716 – 1771):
* English poet was a professor of Cambridge University.
* Mostly Famous for his Elegies.
Works: Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard (1751), Alexander's
Feast, Ode to Adversity, The Bard.
Edward Gibbon:
* Novelist.
* Wrote – The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire (1776).
Edmund Burke:
* Irish statesman, born in Dublin, author, political theorist and
philosopher.
* British parliament member (House of Commons).
Works: Reflection on the Revolution French (1790), A philosophical
enquiry into the origin of our ideas, A vindication of natural society,
Letter on Regicide Peace, On American Taxation (speech given in House
of common).

5. The age of Romanticism (1798 – 1832):

Literary Features:
* The period began in 1798 with the publication of “Lyrical Ballads” is a
collection of romantic poems by William Wordsworth and S.T.
Coleridge.
* এআ যুগরক Second Creative Age ব঱া ঵য়।
* এটারক অবার Golden Age ও ব঱া ঵য়।
বিশেষত্বঃ
Subjectivity, High Imagination, Supernaturalism, Revolutionary Zeal.
Excessive Interest in Nature, Love for the Remote, Love for the past,
Love for the Liberty and Freedom.
Major Writers and Literary Works:
William Wordsworth (1770 – 1850):
* A “Poet of nature”, Also called the “Lake poet”.
* He glorifies childhood, that’s why he is called “Poet of childhood”.
* Dorothy was his sister who is found in his several poems.
Major Works: Lyrical Ballad (1798), The Daffodils, The prelude (1850),
Lucy poem, Tintern Abbey, The Solitary Reaper, The Excursion.
Samuel Taylor Coleridge (1772 – 1834):
* He is called the “poet of Supernaturalism”.
* He is also called the “Lake poet” and “Opium Eater”.
Major works: Biographia Literaria (1833) (prose), The Rime of Ancient

Mariner (1798), Kubla Khan, Christabel, Ode on Dejection.
George Gordon Byron / Lord Byron (1788 – 1824):
* This English poet revolts against existing social customs and norms. So
that he is called “The Rebel Poet”.
* First computer programmer Lady Augusta was his daughter.
Major works: Don Juan (1824), The vision of Judgement (1822), Lara,
Childe Harold, The corsair.
Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792 – 1822):
* This English poet was an atheist and expelled from Oxford University
in 1811 due to his publication of a pamphlet named “The necessity of
Atheism”.
* He believed that only revolution can change our society. So that he is
called “Revolutionary Poet”.
* He is also called the poet of Hope and Regeneration”.
* Shelly mourns over the death of John Keats in his famous elegy
“Adonais”.
* While his crossing the Adriatic Sea, a storm broke out and capsized
his boat. For this shelley drowned and died in 1822.
Major works: Prometheus Unbound (1820), Adonais (1821), A Defense
of poetry (1820), Ode to the West Wind, To a skylark, The Revolt of
Islam, Alastor, Ozymandias, Queen Mab, The cloud.

John Keats (1795 – 1821):

* A doctor and poet.
* He is called the poet of Beauty.
* He died of Tuberculosis at the age of 26.
Major Works: Endymion (1818), Hyperion (1820), Lamia, Ode to a
Nightingale, Ode to Autumn, Ode to psyche, The eve of St. Agnes.
Jane Austen (1775 – 1817):

* Novelist.
* She is called an anti-romantic novelist in the Romantic age because of
her stern attitude against youthful passion.
Major works: Pride and prejudice (1797), Sense and Sensibility (1798 –
98), Mansfield park, Emma, Persuasion.
Charles Lamb:
* English poet and essayist.
Work: Essay: The Essay of Elia, The Lost Essay of Elia, Tales from
Shakespeare.
Poem: The Old Familiar Faces.
William Hazlitt:
* He was a critic.

* Wrote – The spirit of the Ages, The Dramatic Literature of the

Elizabethan Age.
William Blake (1757 – 1827):
* Poet and a painter.
* Wrote – Songs of Innocence and Song of Experience, The Marriage of
Heaven and Hell.
Sir Walter Scott (1771 – 1832):
* Scottish historical Novelist, playwright and poet.
Work:
Novel – Ivanhoe, Talisman, Patriotism, Waverly.
6. The Victorian Period (1832 – 1901):

Literary Features:
* আংর঱রের রাণী Queen Victoria এর নামানু঴ারর এআ যুরগর নামকরণ করা
঵রয়রছ।
* এআ যুরগর দুটি ভাগ – I) Age of the pre-Raphaelities (1848 – 60)
II) Aestheticism and Decadence (1880 – 1901)
* এআ যুরগ 1533 ঴ার঱ Fabian Society গঠিয ঵য়।
* জবরল঳ত্বঃ Medievalism, Symbolism, Truthfulness, Simplicity,
Sensuousness.

Major Writers and Their Works:

Alfred Lord Tennyson (1809 – 1892):
* Famous for his Melodious Language.
* He had a friends named Hallain and on his death he wrote “In
Memoriam” which include 131 Lyrics.
Major Works: Two Brothers (First work), Two voice, Lotus Eaters,
Palace of Art, Ulysses, English Idyll, The Falcon, Dream of Fair Women,
The Princess of Medley, Gardener’s Daughter, Dora, Locksley Hall.
Robert Browning (1812 – 89):
* Poet and Playwright.
* His belief in God is very strong.
* Famous for Dramatic Monologue.
Major works: Dramatic Lyrics (1842), Dramatis personae (1864),
Andrea del Sarto, The patriot, My last duchess, Men and women, The
pied piper of Hamelin, The lost ride together.
Epic: The Ring and the Book.
Charles Dickens (1812 – 70):
* Novelist and Social critic.
Major works: The pickwick papers (1836), Oliver twist, David
Copperfield, Bleak House, A Tale of Two Cities, Hard times, The old
curiosity shop, Great Expectations.

Matthew Arnold (1822 – 88):

* Poet and a critic.
* He is best known for Mediative and Melancholic attitude.
Major works: The Scholar Gipsy, Sohrab Rustum, Dover Beach, Culture
and Anarchy, Essay in Criticism.
Oscar Wilde (1856 – 1900):
* A poet, Novelist and dramatist.
* Born in Ireland.
Major Works:
Play: Lady Windermere's Fan, A Man of No Importance, An Ideal
Husband, The Importance of Being Earnest.
Novel: Picture of Dorian Gray.
Edward Fitzgerald:
* Translated Rubaiyat-e Omar Khayyam in English at 1859.
William Makepeace Thackeray (1811 – 69):
* English Novelist.
* Born in Calcutta.
Wrote – The Vanity Fair (1848), The Virginians (1859).
Charlotte Bronte:
* Novelist.
*Wrote – Jane Eyre, The professor.

Emily Bronte:
* Novelist.
* Wrote – Wuthering Heights (1847) first work, Agnes Gray, The Tenant
of Wildfell Hell.
George Eliot (1819 – 80):
* Born at Arbury Form, Warwickshire.
* Real name – Mary Ann Evans.
Major Works: Adam Bede (1859), The Mill on the Floss, Middlemarch,
Romola, Silas Marner.
Thomas Hardy:
* A pessimist novelist and poet.
Major Work:
Novel: A pair of Blue Eyes, Under the Greenwood tree, The Return of
the Native, The Mayor of Casterbridge.
Poems: The Blinded Bird, The voice, After a journey.
John Stuart Mill:
* Wrote – On Liberty.
Thomas Babington Macaulay:
* Wrote – History of England.
Charles Robert Darwin:

* Major works: The Origin of the Species, The Descent of Man, The
Variation of Animals and Plants, Royal Medal.
Karl Marx (1818 – 1883):
* Born in Germany and died in UK.
Major Work: Das Kapital (1867), Communist Manifesto, The poverty of
philosophy, The Holy Family.
Cardinal Newman:
* Known as a Leader of Oxford Movement.
* Wrote –
Poem → The Idea of a University.
Novel → Loss and Gain.
R.L Stevenson:
* Scottish novelist, poet, essayist, and travel writer.
Major Works: Treasure Island, Kidnapped, The New Arabian Night, The
Black Arrow, Prince Otto.
7. The Modern Age (1901 – 1939) and The Postmodern Age (1939 – ):
Features:
* Modern Age কক দুআভারগ ভাগ করা ঵রয়রছ।

I) Edwardian Period (1901 – 1910).

II) Georgian Period (1910 – 1936).
* Edwardian Period এর নামকরণ করা ঵রয়রছ King Edward-VII এবং
Georgian Period এর নামকরণ করা ঵রয়রছ King George-V এর
নামানু঴ারর।
* Realist and dealt social problem with a view to educating the readers.
* Show the inner problem rather than outer problem of the characters.
* The use of the interior monologue and intectieel exercise of the
contemporary problems.
* Complex absurdity, parody, black humor etc are used.
* Lack of grand narrative.
* Condemning, commercialization, hedonism, economic globalism.
* Reality represented through language.
Major Writers and their Works:
Henry James (1843 – 1916):
* American born English Writer.
Major works: The wings of Dove, The Golden Bowl, The Ambassadors,
Portrait of a Lady, The American.
Joseph Conrad (1857 – 1924):
* He was born of an aristocratic polish parents in Ukraine.

* His father was imprisoned and mother was vanished by Tsar’s

officials.
Major works of this British writer: An Outcast of the Islands (1896),
The Nigger of the Narcissus (1898), Lord Jim: A Tale, Under the western
eyes, Heart of the Darkness, Nostromo.
George Robert Gissing:
* British Novelist.
Work: The nether worlds, Born in Exile, The whirlpool, The odd women.
Rudyard Kipling (1865 - 1936):
* Born in India. According to George Orwell he was the prophet of
British Imperialism.
* 1st British to won Nobel prize in 1907.
* He mainly is a short story writer.
Major Works: Plain Tales from the Hills (1888), Kim (1901), The Tomb
of His Ancestors, The Man who was, The Mark of the Beast, The Jungle
Book (Short Story).
George Bernard Shaw (1856 – 1950):
* Irish Born dramatist.
* Greatest modern dramatist and called the father of Modern English
Drama.
* He is famous for his “dram of ideas”.

* Awarded Nobel prize in 1925.

Major Works: The philanderer, Arms and the Man, Man and Superman,
Doctor’s Dilemma, Major Barbara, Heartbreak House, The Devil’s
Discipline, The Apple cart, St. Joan, Pygmalion, Caesar and Cleopatra,
You Never Can Tell.
John Millington Synge (1871 – 1909):
* Irish dramatist, poet and prose writer.
Works: The shadow of the Glen, Riders to the Sea, The well of the
Saints, The playboy of the Western World, The Tinker’s Wedding.
William Butler Yeats (1865 – 1939):
* Irish dramatist, poet and critic.
* He is famous for his use of “Symbolism and Mysticism”.
* He wrote the preamble of Tagore's “Gitanjali” in 1912, which later got
nobel prize in 1913.
* W.B Yeats got nobel prize in 1923.
Major Works:
Poems: The wild swans at coole, the tower, the winding Stair and Other
poems, The Resurrection, The Second Coming, The Cat and the Moon,
Byzantium, The Lake Isle of Innisfree, Among School Children, The Lord
of Harts, falling of leaves, A prayer for My Daughter, When You Are Old.
Drama: The countess Cathleen, Cathleen in Houlihan.

John Masefield:
* British poet and writer.
* Won Shakespeare Award.
Works: Midsummer Night, Collected Poems, End and Beginning,
Midnight Folk, The Everlasting Mercy.
Bertrand Russell (1872 – 1970):
* A british philosopher, logician, writer, historian, social critic.
* Awarded Nobel prize for literature in 1950.
Works: Mysticism and Logic, The Analysis of Mind, History of Western
philosophy, Authority and Individual, Road to freedom, Why I am Not a
Christian, The Conquest of Happiness.
David Herbert Lawrence (1885 – 1930):
* English Novelist, poet and Literary critic.
Work:
Novels: Sons and Lovers, The Rainbow, Women in Love, The White
peacock, Lady Chatterley’s Lover, Aaron's Rod, Kangaroo.
Plays: The Married Man, Touch and Go.
Poems: Birds Beasts and Flowers, The White Horse.
Short Stories: The Captain Doll, The Ladybird, The price, The fox, The
Virgin and Gypsy.
James Joyce:
* A novelist and short story writer.

* He is famous for his narrative technique known as “Stream of
Consciousness”.
Works: A portrait of the Artist as a Young Man (1916), Exiles, Ulysses,
Chamber Music.
Virginia Woolf:
* Virginia was a novelist known for her presentation of inner realities.
Works: The Voyage Out, Mrs. Dalloway, The Lighthouse, A Room of
One’s Own, Fresh Water (comedy).
Edward Morgan Forster:
* Famous English novelist.
Works: A passage to India, Where Angels Fear to Tread, The longest
journey, A Room with a view, The Celestial Omnibus (collection of short
stories).
Thomas Stearns Eliot (1888 – 1965):
* American born British poet, dramatist, and a social critic.
* Famous for his “Theory of Objective Correlative”.
* Won Nobel Prize in 1948.
Major works:
Poems: The waste land, Journey to the Magi, Ash Wednesday, Four
Quarters, The Hollow Man, Portrait of a Lady.

Drama: Murder in Cathedral, the Family Reunion, the Cocktail Party,

the Elder Statement.
Essay: Selected Essays.
Wystan Hugh Auden:
* American born English Poet.
* He was the most active of the group of young English poet who in the
late 1920’s and early 1930’s saw themselves bringing new techniques
and attitude to English poetry.
Works:
Poems – The Age of Anxiety, the Oxford Book of Light Verse.
William Somerset Maugham (1874 – 1935):

* Novelist, Playwright and story writer.
Works:
Novels: Of Human Bondage, The Sacred Flames, The Razor’s Edge,
Cakes and Ale, the Magician, The Moon and Sixpence, Lady Frederick.
Play: The Land of Promise.
Short Stories: The Ant and the Grasshopper, the Luncheon Rain.
Sigmund Freud (1856 – 1939):
* Psychologist known for his theory of psycho-analysis.

Works: Interpretation of Dreams, The Future of an Illusion,

Psychopathology in everyday life.
George Orwell (1903 – 1989):
* English novelist, essayist, journalist and critic.
* His real name is Eric Hugh Blair. He was a police officer in Burma.
Works:
Novel: Animal Farm (1945 – a fairy story), Nineteen Eighty-Four,
Burmese Days, Coming up for Air.
Story/Essay: Shooting an Elephant, A Hanging.
Samuel Beckett (1906 – 1989):
* Irish dramatist died in France.
* Awarded Nobel prize in 1969.
Works:
Play: Waiting for Godot (Absurd drama), Endgame, Murphy, Molloy,
Malone Bias, The Unnamable.
William Gerald Golding (1911 – 94):
* British Novelist, Dramatist and poet.
* Awarded Nobel prize in 1983 for “Lord of the Flies”.

Works:
Novel: Lord of the Flies (1954), The Scorpion God Free Fall, The
pyramid, Darkness Visible.
Play: The Brass Butterfly.
H.G Wells (1866 – 1946):
* British science fiction writer.
Works: The Time Machine, The Invisible Man, The war of the worlds,
The Island of Dr. Moreau.
Winston Churchill (1691 – 1975):
* Sir Winston Churchill was a British statesman, army officer and writer.
He served as prime-minister of the UK during Second world war from
1940 to 1945 and again from 1951 to 1955.
* Awarded Nobel Prize for Literature in 1953 for writing History of the
Second World War.
Dylan Thomas:
* Welsh poet and writer.
Wrote:
Poem: Clown in the Moon, A winter’s Tale, The Map of Love, 18
poems.
Graham Greene:
* English novelist.
Wrote:
Novel: The power and the Glory, The Human Factor, Doctor Fisher,
The Tenth Man.
Short stories: The last word, Twenty-one stories.
American Literature
Ernest Hemingway (1899 – 1961):
* American Novelist.
* Awarded Nobel Prize in 1954 for literature.
* Published Seven Noble, six short stories.
* Participated in world war-II.
Works: For whom the Bell Tolls, The Old Man and the Sea, A Farewell
to Arms, The Sun also Rises, Death in the Afternoon, to have and have
not.
Mark Twain (1835 – 1910):
* American Novelist.
Wrote: Life on Mississippi, The Adventure of Tom Sawyer, The
Adventure of Huckleberry Ann.
William Faulkner (1897 – 1962):
* American novelist and writer.
* Awarded Nobel Prize in 1949 for literature and Pulitzer prize for
Fiction in 1955 and 1963.
Works: The Sound and the Fury, As I Lay Dying, Light in August,
Absalom, Absalom!, Go Down Moses, Intruder in the Dust, The Hamlet
(Novel).
O. Henry (William Sydney Porter):

* American short story writer.
Works: The Gift of the Magi, The Last leaf, Cabbages and Kings, The
Ransom of the Red Chief, The voice of the city, The four million.
Arthur Miller (1915 – 2005):
* American playwright.
Works: Death of Salesman, All My Sons, A view from the Bridge.
Pearl S. Buck (1892 – 1993):
* American novelist and writer.
* Awarded Nobel prize in 1938 for her rich and truly epic description of
peasant life in China. She was the first American Woman to win the
Nobel prize for literature.
Works: The good earth, Pavilion of women, Imperial women, A House
Divided.
Edgar Allan Poe:
* American short story writer and literary critic.
Wrote: The Raven, The fall of the house of usher, The tell-tale heart.

Walt Whitman:
* American poet, Essayist and Journalist.
Works: A passage to India (poem), Leaves of grass, Drum-Taps, O
Captain! My Captain.
Robert Frost:
* American poet.
Work:
Poem: Stopping by woods on a snowy evening, The Road Not Taken,
Nothing Gold Can Stay, After Apple-Picking, Home Burial, A way out
(one act play).
Ezra Pound:
* American poet and critic.
Wrote: The Cantos, ABC of Reading, Usura.
Ralph Waldo Emerson:
* American essayist poet.
Wrote: American Scholar, Self-Reliance, Nature, Essays.

French Literature
Voltaire (1694 – 1778):
* French historian and philosopher.
Wrote: Candide, The Age of Louis XIV, Henriade.
Jean Jacques Rousseau (1712 – 1778):

* Rousseau was a French philosopher, writer.
* Influenced French revolution.
Works: The Social Contract (1762), Confessions, Emile, or On Education
(1762), Discourse on Inequality, Pygmalion.
Gustave Flaubert:
* French Novelist.
Wrote: Madame Bovary, Sentimental Education.
Jules Verne:
* French Novelist, poet and playwright.
Wrote: Around the world in Eighty Days (1872), The Mysterious Island,
From the Earth to Moon, Around the Moon, Off on a Comet, Master of
the World.
Victor Hugo:
* French poet, novelist, and dramatist.
Wrote:
Novel: Les Miserable, Ninety-Three, The Hunchback of Notre Dame

(first novel), The Man Who Laugh.
Poem: Autumn Leaves, Songs of the Twilight, Inner Voice, Rays and
Shadows.
Collection: The Terrible year, The Art of Being a Grandfather.
Alexandre Dumas:
* French writer.
Wrote: Three Musketeers Twenty Years After, The Gold Thieves
(Drama).
Russian Literature
Maxim Gorky:
* Russian – Soviet Writer.
* Founder of Socialist realism literature method.
* Five-time nominee for the Nobel Prize in Literature.
Works:
Novel: The Mother, My children, In the world.
Play: Smug Citizens, The lower depth, Summerfolk, Children of the Sun.
Story: Makar chudra.
Fyodor Dostoyevsky:

* Russian novelist and writer.

Wrote: Crime and punishment, The Idiot, The Brothers Karamazov,
Poor Folk.
Leo Tolstoy:
* Russian one of the greatest writers.
Wrote:
Novel: War and peace, Anna Karenina.
Drama: The power of Darkness.
Boris Pasternak:
* Russian – Soviet poet and novelist.
Wrote:
Novel: Doctor Zhivago, Childhood, The Second Birth.
Poem: My Sister, life (most influential in Russian Language), Death of
Supper, Twin in the Cloud.
Greek Literature
Plato (429 – 347 BC):
* Philosopher of classical Greece.

Wrote: The Republic, The Statesman, The laws, Symposium, Allegory of

the Cave.
Aristotle:
* Ancient Greek philosopher.
Wrote: The politics, poetics, Eudemian Ethics.
Homer:
* Greek writer.
* Known as Blind Bard of Ionia.
* Born in Ionia, a region of Anatolia in present day Turkey.
Wrote: Iliad and Odyssey.
Virgil:
Wrote: The Aeneid.
Sophocles:
Wrote: Oedipus Rex, Electra.
Others
Dante Alighieri:
* Major Italian poet.
Wrote: Divine Comedy, Inferno, Paradiso.
Johann Wolfgang Von Goethe:
* National poet of Germany.

Wrote: Faust, The Sorrow of Young Werther.
Wole Soyinka (1934 – ):
* Nigerian playwright and poet.
* Awarded Nobel Prize in 1986 on Literature, the first African writer to
be honored in this Category.
Wrote:
Novel: The Interpreters, Season of Anomy.
Short Story: A Tale of Two.
Chinua Achebe:
* Nigerian Novelist. Often called as the Father of African Literature.
Wrote: Things Fall Apart, Arrow of God, No Longer at Ease.
Special Titles of Some Literature Persons:
Name Titles
Venerable Bede Father of English Learning.
Alfred the Great The Founder of English prose.
G. Chaucer The Father of Modern English poetry.

Caedmon Father of English Sacred Song.

John Wycliffe Father of English prose.
Sir Thomas Wyatt Founder of English Sonnet.
Edmund Spenser The poet of poets.
William The Bard of Avon, National Poet of English,
Shakespeare Greatest Dramatist.
John Donne Poet of Love, poet of Religion, Father of
Metaphysical poem.
Ben Johnson Father of Comedy of Humors.
Nicholas Udall Father of English Comedy.
Thomas Kyd Father of English Revenge Tragedy.
Christopher Father of English Tragedy.
Marlowe
John Melton Epic poet / Great Master of Verse.
John Dryden Father of Modern English Criticism.
Alexander Pope Mock Heroic Poet.
Henry Fielding Father of Modern English Novel.
William Poet of Natural / Lake poet / Poet of Childhood.
Wordsworth

S. T. Coleridge Poet of Supernaturalism / Lake poet / Opium

Eater.
Lord Byron Rebel poet.
P. B Shelly Revolutionary poet / Poet of Hope and
Regeneration.
John Keats Poet of Beauty / Poet of Sensuousness.
G. B Shaw Father of Modern English Literature.
Important Characters of Some Literary Pieces
Author’s Literary Work Important Characters

Name
William Hamlet Hamlet, Ophelia, Claudius,
Shakespeare Gertrude, Horatio, Polonius.
Othello Othello, Desdemona, Emilia.
King Lear King Lear, Regan, Cordelia,
Goneril.
Macbeth Macbeth, Lady Macbeth,
Duncan, Banquo, Three
Witches.
Merchant of Shylock, Portia, Antonio,
Venice Bassanio, Jessica.


Name
The Tempest Prospero, Caliban, Ariel,
Miranda, Ferdinand.
Measure for Vincentio, Angelo, Isabella,
Measure Juliet, Lucio, Claudio, Peter,
Justice.
Twelfth Night Malvolio, Viola, Duke Orsino,
Olivia, Sebastian.
As You Like It Orlando, Celia, Rosalind.
John Milton Paradise Lost (epic) Adam, Eve, Satan, Michael,
Raphael, God.
Jane Austen Pride and Mr. Darcy, Elizabeth, Bennet,
prejudice(Novel) Jane Bennet, Kitty Bennet, Lydia
Bennet, Charles Bingley, Mr.
William.
Aesthetes Agamemnon (Play) Agamemnon, Clytemnestra,
Cassandra, Aegisthus,
Watchman.
Homer The Iliad (Epic) Achilles, Hector, Agamemnon,
Helen,Paris, Priam, Priam,
Nestor, Briseis, Menelaus,
Apollo, Athena, Thetis.

Name
Christopher Dr. Faustus (Play) Faustus, Mephistopheles,
Marlowe Cornelius, Good Angel, Bad
Angel.
Thomas The Return of the Eustacia Vye, Clym Yeobright,
Hardy Native Damon Wildeve, Captain Vye,
Susan.
Ben Johnson Volpone (Play) Volpone, Mosca, Celia, Bonario,
Corvino, Voltore.
William The Way of the Mirabell, Millamant, Fainall,
Congreve World(Play) Mrs. Fainall, Lady Wishfort.
Daniel Defoe Robinson Crusoe Robinson Crusoe, Friday, Xury.
(Novel)
D. H Sons and Lovers Paul Morel, Gertrude Morel,
Lawrence (Novel) William Morel, Anne Morrell,
Arthur Morel, Walter Morel.
G. B Shaw Arms and the Man Captain Bluntschli, Raina
(Play) petkoff, Catherine petkoff,
Louka, Nicola.
Man and Hector Malone, Ann Whitefield,
Superman John Tanner, Mendoza.


Name
Charles A Tale of Two cities Sydney Carton, Lucie Manette,
Dickens Charles Darnay, Alexandre
Manette, Madame Defarge.
Great Expectations Pep, Estella, Joe Gargery, Miss
Havisham, Abel Magwitch.
Emily Bronte Wuthering Heights Catherine Earnshaw, Cathy
Linton, Edgar Linton, Heathcliff,
Lockwood.
Ernest A Farewell to Arms Lieutenant Frederick Henry,
Hemingway Catherine Barkley, Helen
Ferguson, Lieutenant Rinaldi.
For Whom The Bell El Sordo, Robert Jordan,
Tolls Anselmo,Pilar, Maria, Joaquin,
Andres, Fernando.
Lord Byron Don Juan (Poem) Don Juan, Doña Inés, Doña
Julia, Don Alfonso.
E. M Foster A Passage to India Dr. Aziz, Cyril Fielding, Miss
(Novel) Adela, Ronny Heaslop,
Hamidullah, Mahmood Ali.


Name
S. T Coleridge The Rime of The The Mariner, Wedding Guest,
Ancient Mariner Albatross, The Nightmare,
Life-in-Death.
Jonathan Gulliver’s Travel Gulliver, Blefuscudian, Yahoos,
Swift (fiction) Houyhnhnms, Lilliputians,
Laputans.
Toni Morrison The Bluest Eye Pecola Breedlove, Claudia
(Novel) MacTeer, Cholly Breedlove,
Sammy Breedlove.
Joseph Heart of the Marlow, Kurtz, Fresleven.
Conrad Darkness (Novel)
John Riders to the Sea Maurya, Bartley, Cathleen,
Millington (Play) Nora.
Synge
Arthur Miller Death of a Willy Loman, Biff Loman,
Salesman (Play) Howard Wagner, Linda Loman,
Happy Loman, Charley.
Leo Tolstoy Anna Karenina Anna Karenina, Alexei Karenin,
(Novel) Count Vronsky.
Sophocles Oedipus Rex / Oedipus, Jocasta, Tiresias,
Oedipus the king Creon.
Some Important One Word Answers
Helen of Troy was the wife of Menelaus.

“Caliban” is a character of Tempest.
“Three Witches” is an important character of Macbeth.
“Houyhnhnms” in Gulliver’s Travel are Horses.
Who is the tragic character in Death of a salesman Willy Loman.
Malvolio is a great clown in Twelfth Night.
Mephistopheles is a dynamic character in Doctor Faustus.
Priam is the king of Troy.
Menelaus is the king of Sparta.
Hector is a prince of Troy (son of
Priam).
“Pecola Breedlove” in The Bluest Eyes is an Colonialism.
embodiment of
Who is the creator of the character “Tess”? Thomas Hardy.
Ulysses / Odysseus a king of Ithaca.

Quotations:
* ঄জিকাংল পরীক্ষায় জবখ্োয আংরজ ক঱খ্ক ও মনী঳ীরদর উজির উপর
প্রশ্ন থারক। এরক্ষরে, Cristopher Marlowe, Shakespeare, Wordsworth,
Keats, Shelly, Coleridge, Pope, Bacon প্রমুখ্রদর জবখ্োয উজিগুর঱ার উপর
কবজল গুরুত্ব জদরয ঵রব।
William Shakespeare
English playwright
Quotations Source
Cowards die many times before their deaths (Uttered Julius Caesar.
by Caesar).
To be or not to be: that is the question (Uttered by Hamlet.
Hamlet)
There are many things in Heaven and Earth, Horatio, Hamlet.
than are dreamt of in your philosophy.
Bravely is the Soul of wit. Hamlet.
There is nothing either good or bad, but thinking Hamlet.
makes it so.
Frailty, thy name is women! Hamlet
I must be cruel, only to be kind: Thus, bad begins and Hamlet.
worse remains behind.

Blow, blow, thou winter wind, Thou art not so unkind. As You Like
As man’s ingratitude; Thy tooth is not so keen. Because It.
thou art not seen.
All the world’s a stage, And all the men and women As You Like
merely players. It.
Sweet are the use of Adversity. As You Like
It.
Under the greenwood tree who loves to die with me, As You Like
and turn his merry note. Unto the sweet bird’s throat. It.
All the perfumes of Arabia will not sweeten this little Macbeth.
hand (Uttered by Lady Macbeth).
Fair is foul, and foul is fair. Macbeth.
Life’s but a walking shadow, a poor player, that struts Macbeth.
and frets his hour upon the stage, and then is heard no
more, it is a tale told by an idiot, full of sound and fury.
A Young man married is a man that’s married. All’s well that
ends well.
Love all, trust few, Do wrong to none. The fool doth All’s well that
think he is wise, but the wise man knows himself to be ends well.
a fool.

Aristotle (Greek Philosopher)
Quotations Source
We make war that we may live in peace Nicomachean
Ethics.
Man is by nature a political animal Politics.
He who is unable to live in society or who has no Politics.
needs because he is sufficient for himself, must be
either a beast or a God.
Probable impossibilities are to be preferred to Poetics.
improbable possibilities.
* A flatter is a friend who is your inferior, or pretends to be so.
* A friend is a second self.
All human actions have one or more of these seven causes: chance,
nature, compulsion, habit reason, passion and desire.
* Poverty is the parent of revolution and crime.
* It is the mark of an educated mind to be able to entertain a thought
without accepting it.

Matthew Arnold:
English poet and playwright
Quotations Source
Eternal passion, Eternal pain. Philomela.
Truth sits upon the lips of dying man. Sohrab and Rustum.
William Blake
English poet
Quotations Source
The road of excess leads to the palace of The Marriage of Heaven
wisdom. and Hell.
To Mercy pity peace and loves, All Pray in Songs of Innocence.
Their Distress.
Francis Bacon
English Essayist
Quotations Source
Some books are to be tasted others to be Essays of
swallowed and some few to be chewed and Studies.
digested.
Reading maketh a full man; Conference a ready Essays of
man; and writing an exact man. Studies.

Histories make men wise; poets witty the Essays of

mathematics, subtle; natural, philosophy, deep; Studies.
moral, grave; logic and rhetoric, able to contend.
Wives are young men’s mistress, companies for Essays of
middle age, and old man’s nurse. Marriage and
Single life.
A crowd is not company and faces are but gallery of Essays of
pictures and talk but a tinkling cymbal, where there Marriage and
is no love. Single life.
* A mixture of lie doth ever add pleasure.

* Opportunity makes a thief.
* A wise man will make more opportunities than he finds.
* Praises from common people is generally false, and rather follows the
vain than the virtuous.
Robert Browning
English poet
Quotations Source
Ignorance is not innocence but sin. The Inn Album.
Oppression makes the wise man mad. Luria.
So absolutely good is truth, truth never hurts the Fifine at the
teller. Fair.
Edmund Burke
* Tyrants seldom want pretexts.
* The greater the power, the more dangerous the abuse.
* The people are masters.
* A perfect democracy is therefore the most shameless thing in the
world.
Lord Byron
Quotations Source
Sweet is revenge – especially to women. Don Juan.
Pleasure’s a sin and sometimes sin’s a pleasure. Don Juan.
Man love is of man’s life a thing apart, Tis woman’s Don Juan.
whole existence.
* Man’s conscience is the oracle of God.
S. T. Coleridge
Quotations Source
He prayeth well who loveth well; Both men and The Rime of the
bird and beast; He prayeth best, who loveth best; Ancient Mariner.
All things both great and small.

Water, water, everywhere; And all the boards did The Rime of the
shrink; water, water, everywhere; Nor any drop to Ancient Mariner.
drink.
Alone, alone, all, all alone; Alone on a wide wide The Rime of the
sea; And never a saint took pity on My soul in Ancient Mariner.
agony.
O’ Lady! we receive but what we give; And in our Ode on
life alone does Nature live. Dejection.
William Wordsworth
Quotations Source
Ten thousand saw at a glance Tossing their heads I wanted lonely
in sprightly lance. as a cloud.
I wandered lonely as a cloud that floats on high I wanted lonely
o’er vales and hills, when all at once I saw a crowd as a cloud.
A host of golden daffodils.
Behold her, single in the field; Yon solitary The Solitary
Highland lass! Reaping and Singing by herself, stop Reaper.
here for gentle pass.
The child is the father of the Man. My hearts leaps
rep when I
behold.

John Keats
Quotations Source
Beauty is truth, truth beauty, that is all Ye know on Ode a Grecian
earth, and all ye need to know. Urn.
Heart melodies are sweet, but those unheard are Ode a Grecian
sweeter. Urn.
My heartaches, and a drowsy numbness pains; My Ode a Grecian
sense as hemlock I had drank. Urn.
P. B Shelley
Quotations Source
Poets are the unacknowledged legislators of A defense of poetry.
the world.
Our sweetest songs are those that tell of To a skylark.
saddest thought.
If winter comes can spring be far behind. Ode to the west
wind.
Oh, lift me as a wave, a leaf, a cloud! I fall Ode to the west
upon the thorns of life. wind.
wild spirit, which art moving everywhere; Ode to the west
Destroyed and preserver, hear, oh, heat! wind.

I am the daughter of Earth and Water; And The Cloud.

the nursling of the sky.
John Donne
* For God’s sake hold your tongue, and let me love.
* Love, all alike, no season knows, nor clime, nor hours, days, months,
which are the rags of time.
* This bed they center is, these walls, thy sphere.
Robert Frost
Quotations Source
But I have promise to keep, and miles to go Stopping by on a snowy
before I sleep evening.
The woods are lovely, dark and deep. Stopping by on a snowy
evening.
Good fences make good neighbors. Mending Wall.
John Milton
Quotations Source
Better to reign in hell, than serve in heaven. Paradise Lost.
The childhood shows the man, As morning shows Paradise Regained.
the age.

Just are the ways of God, And justifiable to men; Samson Agonistes.
Unless there be who think not God at all.
Love-quarrels of in pleasing concord end. Samson Agonistes.
A good book is the perilous life-blood of a master Areopagitica.
spirit, embalmed and treasured rep on purpose
to a life beyond life.
A good almost kill a man as kill a good book: who Areopagitica.
kills a man kills a reasonable creature, God’s
image; but he who destroyed a good book kills
reason itself, kills the image of God, as it were in
the eye.
Christopher Marlowe
Quotations Source
Come live with me and be my love, And we will all The Passionate
the pleasures prove, That valleys, groves, hills and Shepherd to his
fields, Woods → The Pasor steepy mountain love.
yields.
Rousseau
Quotations Source
Man was born free and everywhere he is in The Social
chains. Contract.

Gladstone
* Justice delayed is justice denied.
* National injustice is the surest road to national downfall.
* You cannot fight against future. Time is on its side.
* Books are delightful society. It you go into a room and find it full of
books – even without talking then from the shelves they seem to speak
to you to bid you welcome.
Napoleon
* The career open to the talents.
* England is a nation of shopkeepers.
* Give me good mothers, I will give you a good nation..
Thomas Kempis
* Man propose but God disposes.
Thomas Gray
Quotations Source
Full many a gem of purest ray serene, The dark Elegy Written in
unfathomed caves of ocean bear: Full many a Country
flower is born to blush unseen, And waste its Churchyard.
sweetness on the desert air.
Alexander Pope
Quotations Source
To err is human; to forgive, divine. An Essay on

Criticism.
Fools rush in where angels fear to tread. An Essay on
Criticism.
An honest man is the noblest work of God. An Essay on
Criticism.
A little learning is a dangerous thing. An Essay on
Criticism.
Amusement is the happiness of those who cannot An Essay on
think. Criticism.
Blessed is he who expects nothing for he shall Letter to Gay.
never be disappointed.
Socrates
* Know thyself.
* I know nothing except the fact of my ignorance.
* The unexamined life is not worth living.
* It is never right to do wrong or to requite wrong with wrong, or when
we suffer evil to defend ourselves by doing evil in return.
* Envy is the ulcer of our soul.
* Thou shouldst eat to live, not live to eat.
* Having the fewest wants, I am nearest to the Gods.
* It is perfectly certain that the soul is immortal, and imperishable, and

our souls will actually exist in another world.
* I to die, you to live; only God knows which one is better.
Plato
* Ignorance, the root and the stem of every evil.
* Never discourage anyone….who continually makes progress, no
matter how slow.
* Thinking is the talking of the soul with itself.
* We can easily forgive a child who is afraid of the dark; the real
tragedy of life is when men are afraid of the light.
* Wise men talk because they have something to say; fools, because
they have to say something.
* You can discover more about a person in an hour of play than in a
year of conversation.
* False words are not only evil in themselves, but they infect the soul
with evil.
* Before God, we are equally wise and foolish.
* The beginning is the most important part of the work.
* Wealth is the parent of luxury and indolence, and poverty of
meanness and viciousness, and both of discontent.

* Laws are partly formed for the sake of good men, in order to instruct
them how they may live on friendly terms with one another, and partly
for the sake of who refused to be instructed.
Nietzsche Friedrich
* Be careful when you fight the monsters, lost you become one.
* Great men’s errors are to be venerated as more fruitful than little
men’s truths.
* Man is the cruelest animal.
* No price is too high to pay for the privilege of owning oneself.
* To forget one’s purpose is the commonest form of Stupidity.
Albert Einstein
German born US physicist
* I never think of future – it comes soon enough.
* Only two things are infinite, the universe and human stupidity, and
I’m not sure about the former.
* Imagination is more important than knowledge. It is a miracle that
curiosity survives formal education.
* It is the supreme art of the teachers to awaken joy in creative
expression and knowledge.

* Laws alone cannot secure freedom of expression; in order that every

man present his views without penalty there must be spirit of tolerance
in the entire population.
Charles Dickens
Quotations Source
There is a passion for hunting something deeply A Tale of
implanted in the human breast. Two Cities.
It is far, it is far better thing that I do, than I have ever A Tale of
done; it is far, it is a far, far better rest that I go to than I Two Cities.
have ever known.
It is the best time, it is the worst time, it was the age A Tale of
wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of Two Cities.
belief, it was the epoch of incredulity.
Jane Austen
Quotations Source
To be claimed as a good, though in an improper style, Persuasion.
is at least better than being rejected as no good at all.
To flatter and to follow others without being flattered Persuasion.
and followed in turn, is but a state of half enjoyment.
One half of the world cannot understand the pleasure Emma.
of others.
It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single Pride and

man in possession of a good fortune must be in want prejudice.
of wife.
Happiness in marriage is entirely a matter of chance. Pride and
prejudice.
I cannot think well of a man who sports with any Mansfield
women’s feelings; and there may often be a great deal park.
more suffered than a stander-by can judge of.
Friendship is certainly the finest balm for the pangs of Northerner
disappointed love. Abbey.
Jonathan Swift
Quotations Source
“Books, the children of the brain.” A Tale of
Tub.
“I cannot but conclude that the bulk of your.” A Tale of
Tub.
Undoubtedly, philosophers are in right when they tell us Gulliver’s
that nothing is great or little otherwise than by Travel.
comparison.
Ralph Waldo Emerson
* Character is higher than intellect. A great soul will be strong to live as
well as to think.
* Do not go where the path may lead, go instead where there is no

path and leave a trail.
* Every sweet has its sour; every evil it’s good.
* Insist on yourself; never imitate. Every great man is unique.
* No great man ever complains of want of opportunity.
G. B Shaw
Quotations Source
The reasonable man adapts himself to the world; The Man and
unreasonable one persists in trying to adapt the world Superman.
to him. Therefore, all progress depends on the
unreasonable.
Youth, which is forgiven everything, forgives itself Man and
nothing age which forgives itself everything, is forgiven Superman.
nothing.
There is no love sincerer than the love of food. Man and
Superman.
A learned man is an idler who kills time with study. Man and
Superman.
Beware of his false knowledge: it is more dangerous Man and
than ignorance. Superman.

There are two tragedies in life. One is not to get your Man and
heart’s desire. The other is to get it. Superman.
He who has never hoped can never despair. Caesar and
Cleopatra.
When a stupid man is doing something he is ashamed Caesar and
of, he always declares that it is his duty. Cleopatra.
Some Special Quotations
Self-suffering is the truest test of Sincerity Gandhi.

Ability is poor man’s wealth M. Wren.
Absent of occupation is not rest, A mind quite vacant, Cowper.
is a mind distressed
A face that cannot smile is never good Martial.
That’s one small step for man, one giant leap for Neil
mankind Armstrong.
Eternal vigilance is the price of liberty Jefferson.
Example teaches better than precept S. Smiles.
Government of the people, by the people, for the A. Lincoln.
people
Help thyself and God will help thee G. Herbert.

Humility is the solid foundation of all virtue Confucius.

I God didn’t exist, it would be necessary to invent Him Voltaire.
Knowledge is power Hobbes.
Live and let live is a rule of Common Justice Lord
Mansfield.
None but fool is always right Hare.
Power tends to corrupt and absolute power corrupts Lord Acton.
absolutely
Pain is the outcome of sin Buddha.
Patience is bitter, but its fruit is sweet Rousseau.
Philosophy is the art of living Plutarch.
Prejudice is the reason of fools Voltaire.
Self-preservation is the first law of nature S. Butler.
Speech is great, but silence is greater Carlyle.
They think too little who talk too much. Dryden.
Admiration is the daughter of ignorance Franklin.
God made the country and manmade the town Cowper.
Superstition is a religion of feeble minded persons E. Burke.
Men are women’s playthings.; woman is the Devil’s Victor Hugo.

Prejudice is the child of ignorance Hazlitt.

The paths of Glory lead but to the Grave Thomas Gray.
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গণপ্রজািন্ত্রী বাাং঱াদেল ঴রোদরর েতপরাইট আইি দ্বারা ঴াংরতক্ষি।

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গণপ্রজািন্ত্রী বাাং঱াদেল ঴রোদরর েতপরাইট আইি দ্বারা ঴াংরতক্ষি।

Periods of English Literature:

Time Name of Period

গণপ্রজািন্ত্রী বাাং঱াদেল ঴রোদরর েতপরাইট আইি দ্বারা ঴াংরতক্ষি।

4. 1660 – 1798 The Neoclassical Period

গণপ্রজািন্ত্রী বাাং঱াদেল ঴রোদরর েতপরাইট আইি দ্বারা ঴াংরতক্ষি।

Some One Word Answers:

What is the oldest English Literature Period?

গণপ্রজািন্ত্রী বাাং঱াদেল ঴রোদরর েতপরাইট আইি দ্বারা ঴াংরতক্ষি।

Literary Features of The Ages, Writers and Their Works:

গণপ্রজািন্ত্রী বাাং঱াদেল ঴রোদরর েতপরাইট আইি দ্বারা ঴াংরতক্ষি।

Major Literary Works:

1. First English long poem Beowulf.

গণপ্রজািন্ত্রী বাাং঱াদেল ঴রোদরর েতপরাইট আইি দ্বারা ঴াংরতক্ষি।

2. Middle English Period (1066 – 1500):

গণপ্রজািন্ত্রী বাাং঱াদেল ঴রোদরর েতপরাইট আইি দ্বারা ঴াংরতক্ষি।

One Word Answers:

1. How many parts in English 3 parts (Anglo-Norman, Age of

3. The Renaissance Age (1500 – 1660):

গণপ্রজািন্ত্রী বাাং঱াদেল ঴রোদরর েতপরাইট আইি দ্বারা ঴াংরতক্ষি।

A. Elizabethan Age (1558 – 1603)

গণপ্রজািন্ত্রী বাাং঱াদেল ঴রোদরর েতপরাইট আইি দ্বারা ঴াংরতক্ষি।

গণপ্রজািন্ত্রী বাাং঱াদেল ঴রোদরর েতপরাইট আইি দ্বারা ঴াংরতক্ষি।

গণপ্রজািন্ত্রী বাাং঱াদেল ঴রোদরর েতপরাইট আইি দ্বারা ঴াংরতক্ষি।

Thomas More (1478 - 1535):

গণপ্রজািন্ত্রী বাাং঱াদেল ঴রোদরর েতপরাইট আইি দ্বারা ঴াংরতক্ষি।

Christopher Marlowe (1564 – 93):

B. The Jacobean Age (1603 – 1625):

গণপ্রজািন্ত্রী বাাং঱াদেল ঴রোদরর েতপরাইট আইি দ্বারা ঴াংরতক্ষি।

Major Writers and Their Works:

Ben Jonson (1573 – 1637):

গণপ্রজািন্ত্রী বাাং঱াদেল ঴রোদরর েতপরাইট আইি দ্বারা ঴াংরতক্ষি।

* Dean of St. Paul’s Cathedral.

C. Caroline Age (1625 – 1649):

* Drama collapsed, Metaphysical poetry was main product.

Writer and Works:

D. Commonwealth Age (1649 – 1660):

* A welsh author, physician and metaphysical poet.

4. Neo-Classical Age (1660 – 1798):

গণপ্রজািন্ত্রী বাাং঱াদেল ঴রোদরর েতপরাইট আইি দ্বারা ঴াংরতক্ষি।

* This period encouraged literary freedom and wild pleasure of this

গণপ্রজািন্ত্রী বাাং঱াদেল ঴রোদরর েতপরাইট আইি দ্বারা ঴াংরতক্ষি।

B. The Augustan period / The Age of Pope (1700 – 1745):

গণপ্রজািন্ত্রী বাাং঱াদেল ঴রোদরর েতপরাইট আইি দ্বারা ঴াংরতক্ষি।

Works: Tom Jones (1749), Amelia, Joseph Andrews, Jonathan Wilde,

গণপ্রজািন্ত্রী বাাং঱াদেল ঴রোদরর েতপরাইট আইি দ্বারা ঴াংরতক্ষি।

5. The age of Romanticism (1798 – 1832):

Major works: Biographia Literaria (1833) (prose), The Rime of Ancient

গণপ্রজািন্ত্রী বাাং঱াদেল ঴রোদরর েতপরাইট আইি দ্বারা ঴াংরতক্ষি।

John Keats (1795 – 1821):

Jane Austen (1775 – 1817):

গণপ্রজািন্ত্রী বাাং঱াদেল ঴রোদরর েতপরাইট আইি দ্বারা ঴াংরতক্ষি।

* Wrote – The spirit of the Ages, The Dramatic Literature of the

6. The Victorian Period (1832 – 1901):