Binary Mixture

Dr. Afan Hamzah, S.T

Taken from Atkins.et.al (2010) Physical Chemistry 9ed
 Partial Molar Chemical
PMV
Energy Gibbs potential

Constant Temperature and Pressure

Efek Chemical Potensial (spin off)

Constant Temperature and Pressure

Gibbs-Duhem Equation

• the chemical potentials depend on the composition, when the compositions are changed infinitesimally we
might expect G of a binary system to change by

So That
Thermodynamic of Mixing
• One simple example of a spontaneous mixing process is that of two gases
introduced into the same container. The mixing is spontaneous, so it must
correspond to a decrease in G.
Thermodynamic of Mixing

• Because mole fractions are never greater than 1, the logarithms in this equation
are negative, and ∆mixG < 0. The conclusion that ∆ mixG is negative for all
compositions confirms that perfect gases mix spontaneously in all proportions.
The Chemical Potential of Liquids
• Ideal Solution

• In the final step we draw on additional experimental information about

the relation between the ratio of vapour pressures and the composition of
the liquid.
The Chemical Potential of Liquids
Phase Diagram of Binary System
Phase Diagram of Binary System
• The partial vapour pressures of the components of an ideal
solution of two volatile liquids are related to the composition of
the liquid mixture by Raoult’s law
The composition of the vapour
• Komposisi pada vapor vs liquid?
Phase Diagram of Binary
• Terjemahkan diagram berikut
Lever Rule
Type of vapor Pressure Diagram
Type of vapor Pressure Diagram
Type of vapor Pressure Diagram
The distillation of mixtures
• Temperature – Composition Diagram ?
Distilation of Binary Miscible Solution
Azeotropes
Azeotropes
Azeotropes
Liquid-Liquid Phase Diagram
• Bagaimana untuk larutan yang larut
Sebagian (Partially miscible)?
Interpreting a liquid-liquid phase diagram
• A mixture of 50 g of hexane (0.58 mol
C6H14) and 50 g of nitrobenzene (0.41 mol
C6H5NO2) was prepared at 290 K. What are
the compositions of the phases, and in what
proportions do they occur? To what
temperature must the sample be heated in
order to obtain a single phase?
(tugas presentasi bsok)
Critical Solution Temperature
• The upper critical solution temperature
• lower critical solution temperature
The distillation of partially miscible liquids
Tugas Reproduce