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Fourier Series Problems and Solution
Fourier Series Problems and Solution
Example 1
Find the fundamental frequency of the
following Fourier series:
(a) : f (t ) 5 cos 40t cos 80t
(b) : f (t ) 5 cos 20t 2 cos 40t cos 80t
Solution to Example 1
(a ) : f (t ) 5 cos 40t cos 80t (b) : f (t ) 5 cos 20t 2 cos 40t cos 80t
SOLUTION : SOLUTION :
1 2f 40 1 2f 20
2 f 40 2 f 20
f 20 Hz f 10 Hz
Example 2
Find the amplitude and phase of the
fundamental component of the function:
f (t ) 0.5 sin 1t 1.5 cos 1t 3.5 sin 2 1t
................... 3 cos 3 1t
Recall:
R cos(t ) a cost b sint
where :
R a b 2 2
b
tan1
a
Solution to Example 2
• Fundamental component:
0.5 sin 1t 1.5 cos 1t
R cos(t ) a cos t b sin t
where :
R a b 1.5 0.5 1.58
2 2 2 2
1 b 1 0.5
tan tan 0.32radians
a 1.5
Example 3
Sketch the graph of the periodic function
defined by
f (t ) t..........0 t 1....... period (T ) 1
Solution to Example 3
f(t)
1
-1 0 1 2 3 t
Example 4
Write down a mathematical expression of
the function whose graph is:
f(t)
-2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 t
Solution to Example 4
t..............0 t 1..........T 2
f (t )
1.............1 t 2
Example 5:
Sketch the graph of the following periodic
functions:
(a) : f (t ) t ,1 t 1;T 2
2
0,0 t 2 ;T
(b) : f (t )
sin t , t
2
t ,2 t 0;T 3
(c) : f (t )
t ,0 t 1
Solution to Example 5
(a)
f(t)
-1 0 1 2 3 t
Solution to Example 5
(b)
f(t)
0 π/2 π 3π/2 t
Solution to Example 5
(c)
-2 -1 0 1 2 t
Example 6
Show that f(t) is even
a) f(t)
t
4 4
Solution to Example 6
(a) f(t) = f(-t)
cos t = cos (–t)
Example 6
Show that f(t) is even
b) f(t)
t
Solution to Example 6
(b) f(t) = f(-t)
t2 = (-t)2
t2 = t2
Example 6
Show that f(t) is even
c) f(t)
t
Solution to Example 6
(c.) f(t) = f(-t)
3 = 3
Example 7
Show that f(t) is odd f(t)
4
t
4
Solution to Example 7
f(-t) = -f(t)
sin(-π/4) = -sin(π/4)
sin (-t) = -sin(t)
Example 8
State the product of the following
functions:
(a) f(t) = t3 sin wt
(b) f(t) = t cos 2t
(c) f(t) = t + t2
Solution to Example 8
f(t) = t3 sin wt
= (odd)(odd) = even
f(t) = t cos 2t
= (odd)(even) = odd
f(t) = t + t2
= odd + even = neither
Example
Find the Fourier series of the function
f (t ) t on t
Answer: a0 0
an 0
2
bn cos n
n
2
f (t ) cos n sin nt
n 1 n
Solution
1
a0
2 f (t )dt
1
a0
2 tdt
1 t 2
1 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 1
a0 (0)
2 2 2 2 2 2
a0 0
Solution
1
an
f (t ) cos ntdt
1
an
t cos ntdt
u t dv cos ntdt
1
du dt v sin nt
n
Solution
1 t 1
an sin nt sin ntdt
n
n
1 t 1
an sin nt 2 cos nt
n n
1 ( ) 1 1
an sin n sin n( ) 2 cos n 2 cos n( )
n n n n
1 1 1
an sin n sin n 2 cos n 2 cos n
n n n n
an 0
Solution
1
bn
f (t ) sin ntdt
1
bn
t sin ntdt
u t dv sin ntdt
1
du dt v cos nt
n
Solution
1 t 1
bn cos nt cos ntdt
n
n
1 t 1
bn cos nt 2 sin nt
n n
1 ( ) 1 1
bn cos n cos n( ) 2 sin n 2 sin n( )
n n n n
1 1 1
bn cos n cos n
2 sin n sin n
n n n n 2
1 2 2
bn cos n cos n
n n
Solution
2
f (t ) cos n sin nt
n 1 n
Solution using Half Range Sine
Series
Solution using Half Range Sine
Series
• Half range sine series
a0 = 0
an = 0
Solution using Half Range Sine
Series
2 L
bn: bn f (t ) sin ntdt
L 0
2
0
bn (t ) sin ntdt
u t dv sin ntdt
1
du dt v cos nt
n
2 t cos nt 1
bn cos ntdt
n 0 0 n
Solution using Half Range Sine
Series
bn:
2 t cos nt 1
bn 2 sin nt
n 0 n 0
2 (0) 1 1
bn cos n cos n(0) 2 sin n 2 sin n(0)
n n n n
2
bn cos n
n
2
bn cos n
n
Solution using Half Range Sine
Series
2
f (t ) cos n sin nt
n 1 n
Example
Expand the given function into a Fourier
series on the indicated interval.
4, 0t 5
f (t )
4, 5 t 0
Answer: a 0 0
an 0
8
bn (1 cos n )
n
8 nt
f (t ) (1 cos n ) sin
n 1 n 5
Solution
1 L 1 0 5
2 L L 2(5) 5 0
a0 f ( t ) dt ( 4) dt ( 4) dt
a0
1
10
4t 5 4t 0
0 5
4(0) 4(5) 4(5) 4(0)
1
a0
10
20 20
1
a0
10
a0 0
Solution
1 L nt
an f (t ) cos dt
L L L
1 0 nt 5 nt
an (4) cos dt (4) cos dt
5 5 5 0 5
1 5 nt 5 nt
an (4) sin (4) sin
5 n 5 n 5
1 20 nt nt
0 5
20
an sin sin
5 n 5 5 n 5 0
1 20 n (0) 20 n (5) 20 n (5) 20 n (0)
an sin sin sin sin
5 n 5 n 5 n 5 n 5
1 20 20
an sin n sin n
5 n n
an 0
Solution
1 L nt
L L
bn f (t ) sin dt
L
1 0 nt 5 nt
bn (4) sin dt (4) sin dt
5 5 5 0 5
1 nt nt
0 5
5 5
bn (4) cos ( 4) cos
5 n 5 5 n 5 0
1 20 nt nt
0 5
20
bn cos cos
5 n 5 5 n 5 0
1 20 n (0) 20 n (5) 20 n (5) 20 n (0)
bn
5 n 5
cos cos cos cos
5 n 5 n 5 n
1 20 20 20 20
bn
5 n n n
cos n cos n
n
1 20
bn (2)(1 cos n )
5 n
8
bn (1 cos n )
n
Solution
8 nt
f (t ) (1 cos n ) sin
n 1 n 5
Solution using Half Range Sine
Series
Solution using Half Range Sine
Series
• Half range sine series
a0 = 0
an = 0
Solution using Half Range Sine
Series
2 L nt
bn
L 0 f (t ) sin
L
dt
2 5 nt
bn
5 0
(4) sin
5
dt
2 5 nt
5
bn ( 4) cos
5 n 5 0
2 20 nt
5
bn cos
5 n 5 0
Solution using Half Range Sine
Series
2 20 n (5) 20 n (0)
bn cos cos
5 n 5 n 5
2 20 20
bn cos n
5 n n
2 20
bn (1 cos n )
5 n
8
bn (1 cos n )
n
Solution using Half Range Sine
Series
8 nt
f (t ) (1 cos n ) sin
n 1 n 5
Example
Find the Fourier series of the function
f (t ) t 2
on ,
Answer: 2
a0
3
4
an 2 cos n
n
bn 0
2
4
f (t ) 2 cos n cos nt
3 n 1 n
Solution
1
a0
2 f (t )dt
1 2
a0
2 t dt
1 t 3
1 ( )3 ( )3 1 2 3
a0
2 3 2 3 3 2 3
2
a0
3
Solution
1
an
f (t ) cos ntdt
1
an
t 2 cos ntdt
u t2 dv cos ntdt
1
du 2tdt v sin nt
n
1 t 2
2t
1 t 2
2
an sin nt sin ntdt sin nt t sin ntdt
n n n n
Solution
ut dv sin ntdt
1
du dt v cos nt
n
1 t 2
2 t
1
an sin nt cos nt cos ntdt
n n n n
1 t 2
2 t
1
an sin nt cos nt 2 sin nt
n n n n
1 t 2
2t
2
an sin nt 2 cos nt 3 sin nt
n n n
Solution
1 2 ( ) 2 2 2( ) 2 2
an sin n sin n( ) 2 cos n cos n ( ) sin n sin n ( )
n n n n2 n
3
n3
1 2 2 2 2 2 2
an sin n sin n 2 cos n 2 cos n 3 sin n 3 sin n
n n n n n n
1 4
an cos n
n 2
4
an 2 cos n
n
Solution
1
bn
f (t ) sin ntdt
1
bn t 2
sin ntdt
u t2 dv sin ntdt
1
du 2tdt v cos nt
n
1 t2 2t 1 t2 2
bn cos nt cos ntdt cos nt t cos ntdt
n n n n
Solution
ut dv cos ntdt
1
du dt v sin nt
n
1 t2
2 t 1
bn cos nt sin nt sin ntdt
n nn n
1 t2
2 t 1
bn cos nt sin nt 2 cos nt
n n n n
1 t 2
2t
2
bn cos nt 2 sin nt 3 cos nt
n n n
Solution
1 2 ( ) 2 2( ) 2( ) 2 2
cos n cos n( ) 2 sin n sin n ( )
3 cos n cos n ( )
n
n n n n 2
n n 3
1 2 2 2 2 2 2
cos n cos n 2 sin n 2 sin n 3 cos n 3 cos n
n
n n n n n n
n 0
2 4
f (t ) 2 cos n cos nt
3 n 1 n
Solution using Half Range Cosine
Series
Solution using Half Range Cosine
Series
• Half range cosine series
bn = 0
Solution using Half Range Cosine
Series
1
a0 f (t )dt
0
1 2
a0 t dt
0
1 t 1 ( )3 (0)3 1 3
3
a0
3 0 3 3 3
2
a0
3
Solution using Half Range Cosine
Series
2
an f (t ) cos ntdt
0
2
an
0
t 2 cos ntdt
u t2 dv cos ntdt
1
du 2tdt v sin nt
n
2 t 2
2t
2 t 2
2
an sin nt sin ntdt sin nt t sin ntdt
n 0 n n n 0
0 0
Solution using Half Range Cosine
Series
u t dv sin ntdt
1
du dt v cos nt
n
2 t 2
2 t
1
an sin nt cos nt cos ntdt
n n n 0 n
0 0
2 t 2
2 t
1
an sin nt cos nt 2 sin nt
n n n n
0 0 0
2 t 2
2t
2
an sin nt 2 cos nt 3 sin nt
n n n 0
0 0
Solution using Half Range Cosine
Series
2 2 (0) 2 2 2(0) 2 2
an sin n sin n(0) 2 cos n 2 cos n(0) 3 sin n 3 sin n(0)
n n n n n n
2 2
an cos n
n 2
4
an 2 cos n
n
Solution using Half Range Cosine
Series
2
4
f (t ) 2 cos n cos nt
3 n 1 n
Example
Write the sine series of f(t) = 1 on [0,5]
Answer: a0 0
an 0
2
bn (1 cos n )
n
2 nt
f (t ) (1 cos n ) sin
n 1 n 5
Solution
Solution
• Half range sine series
a0 = 0
an = 0
Solution
bn: b 2 L f (t ) sin nt dt
n 0
L L
2 5 nt
bn (1) sin dt
5 0 5
2 5 nt
5
bn (1) cos
5 n 5 0
Solution
bn: b 2 5 cos n (5) 5 cos n (0)
5 n n
n
5 5
2 5 5
bn cos n
5 n n
2 5
bn (1 cos n )
5 n
2
bn (1 cos n )
n
Solution
2 nt
f (t ) (1 cos n ) sin
n 1 n 5
Example
• Find the convergence of f(x) on [-2,2]
ex ,2 t 1
f (t ) 2 x 2 ,1 t 2
9 ,t 2
Solution
Solution
f (2) f (2)
x 2 : f (2)
2
2 x 2 e x
f (2)
2
( 2 )
2(2) e
2
8 7.4
f (2) 0.31
2 2
Solution
f (1) f (1)
x 1: f (1)
2
e x 2 x 2
f (1)
2
e (1) 2(1) 2 0.37 2
f (1) 0.82
2 2
Solution
f (2) f (2) 99
x 2: f (2) 9
2 2
Example
• Express the function in terms of H(t) and find its
Fourier transform
0, t 0
f (t ) at
e , t 0
Solution
F ( ) f (t )e it dt
1 0
(0)e dt (e at )e it dt
i t
F ( )
2 0
1 1
i t
F ( ) (e at
)e dt e ( a i ) t dt
2 0
2 0
( a i ) t
1 e 1 e ( a i ) e ( a i )( 0)
F ( )
2 (a i ) 0 2 a i a i
1 1
F ( )
2 a i
Seatwork
1. Find the Fourier series representation of the
function with period T= 1/50 given by:
1.......0 t 0.01
f (t )
0......0.01 t 0.02
Seatwork
2. Find the Fourier series representation of
the function with period 2π defined by
f (t ) t ,0 t 2
2
Seatwork
3. Find the half range sine series of
(x )
f ( x) ; 0 x
2
Seatwork
4. Find the half range cosine series of
(x )
f ( x) ; 0 x
2