Department of Education

Region III
DIVISION OF MABALACAT CITY

Name: ___________________________Grade & Section: ____________________

School: _____________________________________Date: ___________________

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

Biotechnology 8 (Q2-Wk2)
PRACTICES AND TECHNIQUES
USED IN TRADITIONAL BIOTECHNOLOGY

I. Introduction

Our ancestors use traditional techniques in producing their food or

products that could benefit their lives, luckily until today, we are still using
them. Traditional biotechnology has a positive impact in our industries
and generation, many food businesses use traditional techniques in
making their products. Some of these products are wines, fish sauce, and
many more. In our households, we can still see some of these traditional
techniques like fermenting food.

In this activity sheet, you will be provided with activities that

will improve your understanding about practices and techniques
used in traditional biotechnology

II. Learning Competencies

Discuss practices and techniques used in traditional biotechnology

III. Objectives

After going through this learning activity sheet, you are expected to:

1. discuss the techniques used in traditional biotechnology;

2. propose an innovative, and profitable product based on their
understanding of the techniques in traditional biotechnology; and
3. cite the importance of traditional techniques in our daily living.
IV. Discussion

Traditional biotechnology refers to the traditional techniques of using

organisms to produce new products or modify foods or other useful products for
human use. The early examples of biotechnology include breeding animals and
crops to make cheese, yoghurt, bread, beer and wine. Some traditional techniques
such as selective breeding, hybridization and mutagenesis, are used in current
applications of biotechnology. Other technologies include fermentation, selective
breeding, food processing, tissue culture and more. The diversity of
microorganisms and development of genetics expanded the potential of traditional
biotechnology, and ultimately led to the development of modern biotechnology.

Traditional biotechnology includes a range of techniques that have been

traditionally used by mankind to alter food and other substances. Some of these
have been used successfully without the understanding of the science behind
them.

Techniques used in traditional biotechnology

1. Fermentation

Fermentation is a chemical transformation of organic substances into

simple compounds using microorganisms, such as molds, yeasts or bacteria.
Fermented food is essentially more broken down or “predigested” by
enzymes. Fermented foods have many benefits over raw foods. Fermentation
makes the food more digestible, and so, many people find that eating fermented
foods improves gastrointestinal symptoms such as indigestion, bloating, gas and
cramps.

In addition, fermentation adds flavor and texture to foods, many times

making it pleasant to eat. Fermentation increases the storage life of food, cuts
down on waste and replenishes beneficial intestinal microflora—otherwise known
as probiotics.

Source: Culture for health

Fermented food in a jar

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 Fermented foods are a natural source of many nutrients, most
notably probiotics (good bacteria), vitamin B complex and fiber.

Source: Panlasang pinoy.com

Burung isda/ burung hipon is known as famous kapampangan dish;

(buru is a Kapampangan word which means fermented)

2. Selective breeding

Selective breeding is the process of breeding plants and animals for

a particular trait. It is also known as artificial selection. Breeders select
two parents that have beneficial phenotypic traits to reproduce offspring
with those desired traits.

Selective breeding can be used to produce tastier fruits and

vegetables, crops with greater resistance to pests, and larger animals that
can be used for meat. Both plant and animal breeding have been common
practice since the birth of civilization. Domestication of Dogs (Selective
breeding in dogs)

Perhaps the earliest example of selective breeding is the domestic

dog (Canis familiaris). It is unknown exactly when and where dogs were
first domesticated, but humans have been breeding dogs for at least
14,000 years. Scientists believe that the domestic dog evolved from the
wild gray wolf (Canis lupus), and through artificial selection, humans were
able to create hundreds of different dog breeds. As people domesticated
and bred dogs, they favored specific traits, like size or intelligence, for
certain tasks, such as hunting, shepherding, or companionship. As a
result, many dog breeds vastly differ in appearance, a unique phenomenon
in the animal world, as different breeds of a single species generally
resemble each other.

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 In farming this method is beneficial because the farmers now can
choose what cows they want to produce more milk. Selective breeding has
also been practiced in agriculture for thousands of years. Almost every
fruit and vegetable eaten today is a product of artificial selection. Cabbage,
broccoli, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts, and kale are all vegetables derived
from the same plant, Brassica oleracea, also known as wild cabbage. By
isolating wild cabbage plants with specific characteristics, farmers were
able to create a variety of vegetables from a single source, each with
differing flavors and textures. Broccoli, for example, was developed from
wild cabbage plants that had suppressed flower development while kale
was derived from Brassica oleracea with larger leaves.

3. Hybridization or Cross breeding

Occurs when two distinctly different breed of animals are mated to

each other. Irresponsible cross breeding can result to weak offspring.

Source: Slideplayer.com

4. TRADITIONAL MEDICINE

Some traditional medicines also used organisms or parts of

organisms. For example, in the Philippines, people use guava leaves as an
antibiotic, the ancient Egyptians used honey for respiratory infections and
as an ointment for wounds. Honey is a natural antibiotic, killing the germs
in wounds.

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V. Activities

Activity # 1: MIND IT
Put a check mark if each of the following products uses traditional
technique in biotechnology

______________1. soy sauce

______________2. fish sauce

______________3. vinegar

______________4. kimchi

______________5. grape wine

______________6. burong isda

______________7. vaccine

______________8. eggs

______________9. cheese

______________10. selected breed in animals

______________11. bread with leavened like yeast

______________12. fermentation of juice to alcoholic beverages

______________13. production of spirits (ethanol) in wine.

______________14. conversion of milk to curd.

______________15. use of guava leaves to remove bacteria in wounds

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Activity # 2: THINK OF IT

Identify what kind of technique is used in the following products or

situation. Choose the word in the box and write your answer on the blank
provided.

FERMENTATION SELECTIVE HYBRIDISATION TRADITIONAL

BREEDING MEDICINE

_________________1. Fermenting meat

_________________2. Making vinegar

_________________3. Making cheese

_________________4. Making fish sauce

_________________5. Bagoong

_________________6. White vinegar

_________________7. Guava leaves are used to treat wounds or bacteria

_________________8. Malungay leaves are used to lessen tooth ache.

_________________9. Choosing seeds with a specific trait to make a new

variety of plants

_________________10. Mating of two different breed of animals

_________________11. Use of yeast in making bread

_________________12. Use of microorganisms in food products

_________________13. Use of plant for medicine

_________________14. A dog with a breed of Cockle Spaniel is crossed with

a poodle to create Cockapoo

_________________15. This is the process in which a species is changed

through intentional and controlled mating of specific
individuals over long periods of time.

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Activity # 3: CREATE IT

Propose an innovative food product using the traditional technique.

Present it through video presentation or through a paper by writing the
proposal.
Criteria for the output
Content of proposal 10 points
Creativity/innovativeness 15 points
Beneficial to mankind/environment 15 points

TOTAL 40 points

Write your proposal here.

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VI. Assessment

Essay
Criteria for grading your essay
Content 5 points
Originality 5 points
Clarity 5 points
TOTAL 15 points

1. Briefly discuss the following traditional techniques: selective, cross

breeding, traditional medicine and fermentation
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________

2. Cite the importance of traditional biotechnology in our daily living.

__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________

VII. Reflection

Summarize the lesson by filling in the blanks. Choose the answer

from the box and write it on the space provided

Mated breeding hybridization Technique artificial

biotechnology breed microorganisms Traditional selective

There are different traditional ________________ used in ____________.

Some of them are ______________ breeding, fermentation, ________________
medicine and cross _________________. Fermentation uses ________________
in the process. Selective breeding is also known as _____________ selection.
Cross breeding is also known as _____________. It occurs when two
distinctly different_______________ of animals are _____________to each
other.

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VIII. References

Culture for health 2015 “fermentation equipment: choosing the right supplie”
accessed September 8, 2020
https://www.culturesforhealth.com/learn/natural-
fermentation/fermentation-equipment-choosing-the-right-supplies

Harrington Lydia 2016 Slide player “What is biotechnology” accessed September

8, 2020 https://slideplayer.com/slide/9790810/

Panlasang pinoy.com 2018 accessed september8, 2020 “Burung hipon”Picture r

https://www.panlasangpinoymeatrecipes.com/balao-balao-burong-
hipon.htm

Us National library of medicine Derek J. McPhee 2016 “Traditional medicine ”

accessed September 8,2020
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6273146/

UN environment programme 2015 accesed September 8, 2020

https://www.grida.no/resources/6351

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 10
products
It can be new food or any new
ANSWER MAY VARY
ACTIVITY #3
1 FEREMENTATION
2 FERMENTATION
TECHNIQUE 3 FERMENTATION
BIOTECHNOLOGY 4 FERMENTATION
SELECTIVE 5 FEREMENTATION
TRADITIONAL 6 FERMENTATION
BREEDING 7 TRADITIONAL
MICROORGANISM 8 TRADITIONAL
ARTIFICIAL 9 SELECTIVE
HYBRIDIZATION 10 HYBRIDIZATION
BREED 11 FERMENTATION
MATED 12 FERMENTATION
13 TRADITIONAL
14 HYBRIDIZATION
15 SELECTIVE
ACTIVITY 2
REFLECTION
ANSWERS MAY VARY possible
answers are
1Selective breeding-choosing what ALL ARE CHECK EXCEPT #7 AND
particular trait to breed 8
Fermentation used of
microorganism to make food
Hybridization crossing of breeds
using different kind of breed or
organisms
Traditional medicine-use of plants
to cure diseases
2. it helps to produce food in eaiest
and less expensive way
Breed plants or animals without
using complex machine
Process can be repeated if mistake
is done without thinking for the
cost
ACTIVITY #1
ASSESSMENT
IX. Answer Key
X. Development Team

Development Team of the Learning Activity Sheets

Writer: Aileen D. Ocampo

Editor: Cristina L. Dizon, PhD
Reviewers: Ala Elagio, Madilyn Sangki, Anna Marie G. San Diego
Illustrator:
Layout Artist:
Management Team: Engr. Edgard C. Domingo, PhD CESO V
Leandro C. Canlas, PhD CESE
Elizabeth O. Latorilla, PhD
Sonny N. De Guzman, EdD
Cristina L. Dizon, PhD
Elizabeth C. Miguel, EdD

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Division of Mabalacat

P. Burgos St., Poblacion, Mabalacat City, Pampanga

Telefax: (045) 331-8143

E-mail Address: mabalacatcity@deped.gov.ph

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