International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
Volume: 05 Issue: 06 | June-2018 www.irjet.net
Critical Analysis of Properties of Ready Mix Concrete with Site Mix
Concrete of Smart Road Project
Rahul Kumar1, Dr. J.P. Tegar2
1P.G. Scholar, Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, NITTTR, Bhopal, (M.P.) India
2Professor, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, NITTTR, Bhopal, (M.P.) India
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Abstract - Concrete is most extensively used constructional
material. Depending upon the scope of the work and site
conditions, the concrete can be in-situ (conventional mix/
manual mix) or Ready Mixed Concrete (RMC). Concrete being
used for both major as well as minor constructional projects, it
is necessary to maintain its properties and quality irrespective
whether it is site mixed or Ready Mixed Concrete. It is of great
concern to analyze the properties of both conventional mixed
concrete and ready mixed concrete to assume quality control
of concreting. In this research work, the main focus was to
analyse important engineering properties of ready mixed
concrete and site mixed concrete and deviation/ variation, if
any, used at smart road construction project at Bhopal. The
strength and workability parameter of concrete are essential
to analyze with respect to the design of smart road project,
The results of both ready mix concrete mix designs and site
mixing are analysed and finding result are presented in finding
of research
Key Words: Ready Mix Concrete, Hand Mix Concrete,
Concrete Properties, Workability, Compressive Strength
& Smart Road Project.
1. INTRODUCTION
The material Concrete mainly contains fine aggregate (sand),
coarse aggregate, cement and water. RMC (ready mix
concrete) use is increasing due to its advantageous in
comparison with traditional concrete mix. RMC is a type of
concrete which is proposed under controlled conditions
using consistent quality control of raw materials.
The properties of concrete like workability, compressive
strength and other properties depends upon the properties
of ingredients, process of preparing fresh concrete on the
mix proportions, compaction method, curing and other
controls.
The major projects require speed as well as quality of
construction, compatible with the International standards.
This is the cause of growing of ready mix concrete use to
maintain the standard of construction. Concrete have typical
characteristics and strength parameters.
The demand of concrete is fulfilled either by site mixed
concrete or ready mixed concrete. Since the site mixed
concrete is volumetrically batched, hence quality of the
concrete is not as per with the standard ready mixed
concrete, which is weighted. In contrast of this when the
sample is collected from Ready Mixed Concrete plant then
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quality parameters are properly assessed. In view of this the
research is proposed to critically analyze the properties of
ready mixed concrete at the construction site of smart road
project. A good quality of concrete is directly related to the
high quality of material used in mixing process .In
construction normally the workability and strength of
concrete will be the first characteristics that will focus on to
ensure the good result in construction.
1.1 CONVENTIONAL CONCRETE
Concrete when mixed manually at site is conventional
concrete. Conventional concrete is prepared by approximate
measurement of ingredients. Manual mixing of ingredients
(cement, sand, aggregates and water) is done on site. The
quality of conventional concrete depends on experience of
workmanship. Since it is manually mixed, hence quality
varies every time and it may affect the strength of structure
and workability of concrete. Environmental factors such as
humidity, temperature and type of mixing surface affect the
quality of conventional concrete. Quality of site mix concrete
is inconsistent because concrete is hand mixed and quality of
raw material is manually checked.
For small scale projects quality of conventional concrete are
sufficient. Hand mixed concrete is the only economical
option for small scale projects. Conventional concrete needs
high degree of supervision, otherwise the mix quality may
degrade.
1.2 READY MIX CONCRETE
Ready mix concrete (RMC) is concrete in which cement,
aggregate and other ingredients are weigh batched at a plant
prior delivery to the construction site. IS: 4926-2003 defines
ready mix concrete as concrete mixed in a stationary mixer
in a central batching and mixing plant or in a truck mixer and
supplied in a fresh condition to the purchaser either at site
or into purchasers (vehicle).
In the present work the different grades (M15, M20, M25)
of concrete mix are taken for the critical analysis of RMC.
Being produced in Ready mix concrete plant under
controlled super vision, the material properties are properly
maintained.
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 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
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Table -1: Properties of OPC 43

Properties Result
Fineness
7%

Specific
gravity 3.15

Fig -1: Discharging of RMC at project Site

Standard
1.3 RESEARCH OBJECTIVE consistency 31.5

Major objectives of Research were as follows;

Initial
1.) To analyze strength and workability parameter of setting time 35min
Ready Mixed Concrete (RMC) used at smart road
project.
Final setting
270min
2.) To test the properties of ingredients used for RMC time
and in-situ concrete.
3.) To analyze strength and workability parameter of in- b.) Fine aggregate the fine aggregates are defined as
situ concrete of smart road project. aggregate passing through an IS sieve that is less
4.) To establish the comparative results and deviation of than 4.75mm sieve. Fine aggregate acts as filler
RMC and site mixed concrete (in-situ) properties. material between the coarse aggregate.Wokability
and uniformity in the concrete mix is most useful
2. LITERATURE REVIEW property of the fine aggregate. It enables cement
paste to hold the coarse aggregate particle. Narmada
From the literature survey it is observed that substantial
rive sand of zone2 is used in the present research
amount of work has been carried out by few researchers on
assessment of compressive strength of concrete and work. Table 2 shows the properties of fine aggregate.
workability by using waste products. However it is seen that
there is no work carried on for the assessment of
compressive strength and workability of concrete used for a
particular project and its comparative analysis with hand mix
and ready mix concrete.

3. MATERIAL DESCRIPTION

The material taken for study are-

a.) cement OPC43

Fig -3: Fine Aggregate
Ordinary Portland cement of 43 Grade of Birla Uttam
Brand Conforming to IS: 8112 is used in this study Table 2 Properties of fine aggregates
work. Table 1 shows the properties of cement.
Properties Result
Specific
gravity 2.62

Water
1%
absorption
Bulk density 1680
Fineness
3
modulus
Fig -2: Ordinary Portland cement Type of sand Narmada river sand

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c.) Coarse aggregate Coarse aggregate are aggregate Table 5 Material Required For M20 Grade OfConcrete per
which are retained on 4.75mm IS sieve. These Cubic Meter
aggregates contain the major volume of concrete and
contribute towards strength of concrete. Minimum Material Quantity Proportion
10 mm & maximum 20 mm size of coarse aggregate
are used for this research work. Locally available Cement 321kg/m3 1
coarse aggregate which is approved for the smart Sand 742kg/m3 2.31
road project is used in present research work.
Coarse
1270kg/m3 3.96
Aggregate
Water 170lt/m3 0.53

Table 6 Material Required For M25 Grade Of Concrete per

Cubic Meter

Material Quantity Proportion

Cement 344kg/M3 1
Sand 712kg/M3 2.06
Coarse
1273kg/M3 3.70
Aggregate
Fig -4: Coarse Aggregate Water 172lt/M3 0.50

Table 3 Properties of coarse aggregates Here table 4, table 5 & table 6 shows the quantity taken per
cubic meter for different grades (M15, M20 & M25) of
Properties Result concrete in the present research work.
Specific
4. METHODOLOGY
gravity 2.86
 Project site description
Water  Collection of ingredients for
0.81%
absorption
 RMC & IN-SITU Concrete
Impact value 13.56%
 Testing of materials
Los Angeles
22.04%  Mix proportion
abrasion value
 Preparation of samples
3.1 QUANTITY PER CUBIC METER TAKEN
 Testing of RMC samples
FOR RESEARCH WORK  Testing of HMC samples
Table 4 Material Required For M15 Grade Of Concrete per  Critical analysis of results
Cubic Meter
 Conclusion
Material Quantity Proportion 4.1 TESTING OF SAMPLES/ SPECIMEN

Cement 300kg/m3 1 a.) Workability Test

Sand 775kg/m3 2.58
Workability is the ease with which concrete flows. To
Coarse handle the concrete without segregation, and without the loss
1270kg/m3 4.23 of homogeneity, some lubrication is required. The water is
Aggregate
required to lubricate the mix so that the concrete can be
Water 165lt/m3 0.55 compacted with the required sufficient amount of effort
Workable concrete is the concrete which exhibits little
internal friction between particles and overcome the
resistance due to friction. The workability test conducted as

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 International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
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per IS 1199-1959 for present research work. Factors Table 7 Grade of Concrete: M15 Water Cement Ratio: 0.55
affecting workability are: Size of Cube: (150mm*150mm*150mm)

 water content Hand Mixed Concrete Ready Mixed Concrete

 mix proportion Samples Compressive Samples Compressive
Strength Strength
N/mm2 N/mm2
7 DAYS 12.44 7 DAYS 14.36

14 DAYS 15.25 14 DAYS 17.04

28 DAYS 17.78 28 DAYS 19.99
Fig -5: Slump cone for RMC & HMC

I. RMC- Ready Mix Concrete

II. HMC- Hand Mix Concrete

b.) Compressive strength Test

This test shows the measure of resistance of hardened

concrete and it is reacquired to determine the strength of
concrete. The compression test carried on sample shows the
strength of that concrete structural component strength
that’s why it is the most significant property. The procedure
followed for this test was as per IS: 516-1959.The test is Fig -7: Graph showing comparison of RMC & HMC
carried out by preparing the cubical mould of size 150mm X
150mm X150mm.The 54 number of cube specimens were Table 8 Grade of Concrete: M20 Water Cement Ratio: 0.53
casted with different grades of mix and different w/c ratios Size of Cube: (150mm*150mm*150mm)
for Hand Mixed Concrete. The cube samples were tested on
Compression Testing Machine (CTM) in the well established Hand Mixed Concrete Ready Mixed Concrete
site laboratory of smart road project, Bhopal. The 27
Samples Compressive Samples Compressive
number of cubes were tested for hand mixed for 7days,
Strength Strength
14days and 28days.
N/mm2 N/mm2
7 Days 14.96 7 Days 17.04

14 Days 19.55 14 Days 21.18

28 Days 22.37 28 Days 26.55

Fig -6: Compression Test in CTM

5. RESULTS

5.1 RESULTS OF COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH

The results of different concrete mixes (M15, M20, M25)For

compressive strength and workability are presented in the
research work. Fig -8: Bar chart showing comparison of RMC & HMC

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Table 9 Grade of Concrete: M25 Water Cement Ratio: 0.50 Table 11 Slump value of Ready Mix Concrete
Size of Cube: (150mm*150mm*150mm
Grade Of Concrete Slump Value
Hand Mixed Concrete Ready Mixed Concrete
M15 65mm
Samples Compressive Samples Compressive
M20 60mm
Strength Strength
N/mm2 N/mm2 M25 75mm

7 Days 14.96 7 Days 17.04

14 Days 19.55 14 Days 21.18

28 Days 22.37 28 Days 26.55

Fig -11: Slump value comparison of RMC & HMC

5.3 Deviation in compressive Strength

Deviation in the value of compressive strength and hand

mixed concrete is calculated using the following formula:

Fig -9: Graph showing comparison of RMC & HMC Deviation = Ready Mixed Concrete Strength- Hand Mixed
Concrete
5.2 RESULTS OF SLUMP CONE TESTS
Deviation Percentage
Taken Grades of concretes are shown in figure 10.
=

Fig -10: Different Grades of concrete

Table 10 Slump value of Ready Mix Concrete

Grade Of Concrete Slump Value

M15 65mm
M20 60mm
M25 75mm Fig -12: Deviation in compressive strength of different
grades of concete

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6. CONCLUSIONS wasted glass material”, vol:5 Issue 4, pp 159-169,

2015
During the research study concrete as designed and
proposed or typical concrete structures such as service 5. Hanumant P. Naiknavare, Swati D. Deshpande, ajesh
ducts, drain, kerb, retaining wall are analyzed over the D. Padhye, “Model chart o quality process or ready
period of four months. The results and data obtained are mixed concrete plants”, Vol: 2, pp 50-54, 2015
realistic.
6. Rahul Mahajan, Reuben Buthello,” Quality Control
a) The results on strength parameters of RMC are found of Ready Mixed Concrete”, IOSR Journal of
11.64% for M15, 11.83% for M20 and 12.6% for M25 and Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE),
for workability are found to be 7.69%, 8.33% and 6.66% are Volume 12, Issue 5,pp: 1-7, 2015.
better as compared to in-situ concrete parameter, where as
core or basic ingredients such as cement, sand, aggregate, 7. R. Mascolo; A. B. Masuero; D. C. C. Dal Molin. “Ready
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preparation. compressive strength and physical properties along
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concretes are as per design requirement and within the
permissible limits of BIS. 8. Khusbu Rajhans, Proff. C.R.Sharma, “Studies on
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c) The slump value of few samples of RMC is deviated by Rice Husk Ash”, Vol 4, Issue 2, pp 40-44, 2014.
8.33 % that is because of other factors such as elongation
9. L R Manjunatha et.al., “ A study on customer
and flakiness and quality control parameters which are
preferences and perceptions on quality and services
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of ready mixed concrete as a sustainable building
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d) The comparative variation in results of RMC and in-situ
6, pp 7-14, 2014,
concrete are about 1 to 5KN/mm2, which is very very
marginal.
BIOGRAPHIES
e) The in-situ and RMC parameters if controlled as per the Rahul kumar has received his
guide lines and engineering procedures of quality control. Bachelor of Engineering degree in
This deviation may be bridged by site engineers. The results Civil Engineering from RKDF
of the study are in-line with the theoretical prospective of Institute of Science and
RMC and in-situ concrete which have been proved practically Technology Bhopal in the year 2016.
on the site of smart road project of Bhopal. At present he is pursuing M.Tech
with the specialization of
f) In few cases only in-situ concrete are used, since there is Construction Technology and
very nominal variation in the results of the parameter. Hence Management in National Institute of
no negative effect is required to consider in contrast of RMC. Technical Teachers Training and
Research, Bhopal. His area of interest
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Scientific Research & Development Vol. 5, Issue 02, as professor of Department of Civil
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2. Esteban fraile-Garcia, .et. al, “Study of the Technical
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“Comparision of RMC and ordinary concete using

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