May 31

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May 31 in recent years

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May 31 is the 151st day of the year (152nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar;
214 days remain until the end of the year.

Contents
  1Events
 2Births
 3Deaths
 4Holidays and observances
 5References
 6Sources
 7External links

Events[edit]
 455 – Emperor Petronius Maximus is stoned to
death by an angry mob while fleeing Rome.
 1223 – Mongol invasion of the Cumans: Battle of the
Kalka River: Mongol armies of Genghis Khan led
by Subutai defeat Kievan Rus' and Cumans.
 1293 – Mongol invasion of Java was a punitive
expedition against King Kertanegara of Singhasari,
who had refused to pay tribute to the Yuan and
maimed one of its ministers. However, it ended with
failure for the Mongols. Regarded as establish City
of Surabaya[1][2]
 1578 – King Henry III lays the first stone of the Pont
Neuf (New Bridge), the oldest bridge of Paris,
France.[3]
 1669 – Citing poor eyesight as a reason, Samuel
Pepys records the last event in his diary.[4]
 1775 – American Revolution: The Mecklenburg
Resolves are adopted in the Province of North
Carolina.[5]
 1790 – Manuel Quimper explores the Strait of Juan
de Fuca.[6]
 1790 – The United States enacts its first copyright
statute, the Copyright Act of 1790.
 1795 – French Revolution: The Revolutionary
Tribunal is suppressed.
 1805 – French and Spanish forces begin
the assault against British forces
occupying Diamond Rock.
 1813 – In Australia, William Lawson, Gregory
Blaxland and William Wentworth reach Mount
Blaxland, effectively marking the end of a route
across the Blue Mountains.
 1859 – The clock tower at the Houses of Parliament,
which houses Big Ben, starts keeping time.
 1862 – American Civil War: Peninsula Campaign:
Confederate forces under Joseph E. Johnston and
G.W. Smith engage Union forces under George B.
McClellan outside Richmond, Virginia.
 1864 – American Civil War: Overland
Campaign: Battle of Cold Harbor: The Army of
Northern Virginia engages the Army of the Potomac.
 1879 – Gilmore's Garden in New York City is
renamed Madison Square Garden by William Henry
Vanderbilt and is opened to the public at 26th Street
and Madison Avenue.
 1884 – The arrival at Plymouth of Tāwhiao, King
of Maoris, to claim the protection of Queen Victoria.
 1889 – Johnstown Flood: Over 2,200 people die
after a dam fails and sends a 60-foot (18-meter) wall
of water over the town of Johnstown, Pennsylvania.
 1902 – Second Boer War: The Treaty of
Vereeniging ends the war and ensures British
control of South Africa.[7]
 1909 – The National Negro Committee, forerunner
to the National Association for the Advancement of
Colored People (NAACP), convenes for the first
time.
 1910 – The South Africa Act comes into force,
establishing the Union of South Africa.
 1911 – The RMS  Titanic is launched
in Belfast, Northern Ireland.
 1911 – The President of Mexico Porfirio Díaz flees
the country during the Mexican Revolution.
 1916 – World War I: Battle of Jutland: The
British Grand Fleet engages the High Seas Fleet in
the largest naval battle of the war, which proves
indecisive.
 1921 – The Tulsa race massacre kills at least 39,
but other estimates of black fatalities vary from 55 to
about 300.
 1935 – A 7.7 Mw  earthquake destroys Quetta in
modern-day Pakistan killing 40,000.
 1941 – Anglo-Iraqi War: The United Kingdom
completes the re-occupation of Iraq and returns 'Abd
al-Ilah to power as regent for Faisal II.
 1942 – World War II: Imperial Japanese
Navy midget submarines begin a series of attacks
on Sydney, Australia.
 1947 – Ferenc Nagy, the democratically
elected Prime Minister of Hungary, resigns from
office after blackmail from the Hungarian Communist
Party accusing him of being part of a plot against the
state. This grants the Communists effective control
of the Hungarian government. [8]
 1961 – The South African Constitution of
1961 becomes effective, thus creating the Republic
of South Africa, which remains outside
the Commonwealth of Nations until 1 June 1994,
when South Africa is returned to Commonwealth
membership.
 1961 – In Moscow City Court, the Rokotov–
Faibishenko show trial begins, despite
the Khrushchev Thaw to reverse Stalinist elements
in Soviet society.
 1962 – The West Indies Federation dissolves.
 1970 – The 7.9 Mw  Ancash
earthquake shakes Peru with a maximum Mercalli
intensity of VIII (Severe) and a landslide buries the
town of Yungay, Peru. Between 66,794 and 70,000
were killed and 50,000 were injured.
 1971 – In accordance with the Uniform Monday
Holiday Act passed by the U.S. Congress in 1968,
observation of Memorial Day occurs on the last
Monday in May for the first time, rather than on the
traditional Memorial Day of May 30.
 1973 – The United States Senate votes to cut off
funding for the bombing of Khmer Rouge targets
within Cambodia, hastening the end of
the Cambodian Civil War.
 1977 – The Trans-Alaska Pipeline System is
completed.
 1985 – United States–Canada tornado outbreak:
Forty-one tornadoes hit Ohio, Pennsylvania, New
York, and Ontario, leaving 76 dead.
 1991 – Bicesse Accords in Angola lay out a
transition to multi-party democracy under the
supervision of the United Nations' UNAVEM
II mission.
 2005 – Vanity Fair reveals that Mark Felt was "Deep
Throat".
 2008 – Usain Bolt breaks the world record in the
100m sprint, with a wind-legal (+1.7 m/s) 9.72
seconds
  2010 – Israeli Shayetet 13 commandos boarded the
Gaza Freedom Flotilla while still in international
waters trying to break the ongoing blockade of
the Gaza Strip; nine Turkish citizens on the flotilla
were killed in the ensuing violent affray.
 2013 – The asteroid 1998 QE2 and its moon make
their closest approach to Earth for the next two
centuries.
 2013 – A record breaking 2.6 mile wide
tornado strikes El Reno, Oklahoma, United States,
causing eight fatalities and over 150 injuries.
 2017 – A car bomb explodes in a crowded
intersection in Kabul near the German
embassy during rush hour, killing over 90 and
injuring 463.
 2019 – A shooting occurs inside a municipal building
at Virginia Beach, Virginia, leaving 13 people dead,
including the shooter, and four others injured.

Births[edit]
 1443 (or 1441) – Margaret Beaufort, Countess of
Richmond and Derby (d. 1509)[9]
 1462 – Philipp II, Count of Hanau-Lichtenberg (d.
1504)
 1469 – Manuel I of Portugal (d. 1521)[10]
 1535 – Alessandro Allori, Italian painter (d. 1607)[11]
 1556 – Jerzy Radziwiłł, Catholic cardinal (d. 1600)
 1577 – Nur Jahan, Empress consort of the Mughal
Empire (d. 1645)
 1613 – John George II, Elector of Saxony (d. 1680)
 1640 – Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki, King of Poland
(d. 1673)
 1641 – Patriarch Dositheos II of Jerusalem (d. 1707)
 1725 – Ahilyabai Holkar, Queen of the Malwa
Kingdom under the Maratha Empire (d. 1795)
 1732 – Count Hieronymus von Colloredo, Austrian
archbishop (d. 1812)
 1753 – Pierre Victurnien Vergniaud, French lawyer
and politician (d. 1793)
 1754 – Andrea Appiani, Italian painter and educator
(d. 1817)
 1773 – Ludwig Tieck, German poet, author, and
critic (d. 1853)
 1801 – Johann Georg Baiter, Swiss philologist and
scholar (d. 1887)
 1815 – Adye Douglas, English-Australian cricketer
and politician, 15th Premier of Tasmania (d. 1906)
 1818 – John Albion Andrew, American lawyer and
politician, 25th Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1867)
 1819 – Walt Whitman, American poet, essayist, and
journalist (d. 1892)
 1827 – Kusumoto Ine, first Japanese female doctor
of Western medicine (d. 1903)[12]
 1835 – Hijikata Toshizō, Japanese commander (d.
1869)
 1838 – Henry Sidgwick, English economist and
philosopher (d. 1900)
 1842 – John Cox Bray, Australian politician,
15th Premier of South Australia (d. 1894)
 1847 – William Pirrie, 1st Viscount Pirrie, Canadian-
Irish businessman and politician, Lord Mayor of
Belfast (d. 1924)
 1852 – Francisco Moreno, Argentinian explorer and
academic (d. 1919)
 1852 – Julius Richard Petri, German microbiologist,
invented the Petri dish (d. 1921)
 1857 – Pope Pius XI (d. 1939)
 1858 – Graham Wallas, English socialist, social
psychologist, and educationalist (d. 1932)
 1860 – Walter Sickert, English painter (d. 1942)
 1863 – Francis Younghusband, Indian-English
captain and explorer (d. 1942)
 1866 – John Ringling, American entrepreneur; one
of the founders of the Ringling Brothers Circus (d.
1936)
 1875 – Rosa May Billinghurst, British suffragette and
women's rights activist (d.1953)
 1879 – Frances Alda, New Zealand-Australian
soprano (d. 1952)
 1882 – Sándor Festetics, Hungarian
politician, Hungarian Minister of War (d. 1956)
 1883 – Lauri Kristian Relander, Finnish politician,
2nd President of Finland (d. 1942)
 1885 – Robert Richards, Australian politician,
32nd Premier of South Australia (d. 1967)
 1887 – Saint-John Perse, French poet and
diplomat, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1975)
 1892 – Michel Kikoine, Belarusian-French painter (d.
1968)
 1892 – Erich Neumann, German lieutenant and
politician (d. 1951)
 1892 – Konstantin Paustovsky, Russian poet and
author (d. 1968)
 1892 – Gregor Strasser, German lieutenant and
politician (d. 1934)
 1894 – Fred Allen, American comedian, radio host,
game show panelist, and author (d. 1956)
 1898 – Norman Vincent Peale, American minister
and author (d. 1993)
 1900 – Lucile Godbold, American athlete (d. 1981)
 1901 – Alfredo Antonini, Italian-American conductor
and composer (d. 1983)
 1908 – Don Ameche, American actor (d. 1993)
 1909 – Art Coulter, Canadian-American ice hockey
player (d. 2000)
 1911 – Maurice Allais, French economist and
physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2010)
 1912 – Chien-Shiung Wu, Chinese-American
experimental physicist (d. 1997)
 1914 – Akira Ifukube, Japanese composer and
educator (d. 2006)
 1916 – Bert Haanstra, Dutch director, producer, and
screenwriter (d. 1997)
 1918 – Robert Osterloh, American actor (d. 2001)[13]
 1918 – Lloyd Quarterman, African American chemist
(d. 1982)
 1919 – Robie Macauley, American editor, novelist
and critic (d. 1995)
 1921 – Edna Doré, English actress (d. 2014)
 1921 – Andrew Grima, Anglo-Italian jewellery
designer (d. 2007)
 1921 – Howard Reig, American radio and television
announcer (d. 2008)
 1921 – Alida Valli, Austrian-Italian actress and
singer (d. 2006)
 1922 – Denholm Elliott, English-Spanish actor (d.
1992)
 1923 – Ellsworth Kelly, American painter and
sculptor (d. 2015)
 1923 – Rainier III, Prince of Monaco (d. 2005)
 1923 – Claudio Matteini (d. 2003), Italian football
player[14]
 1925 – Julian Beck, American actor and director (d.
1986)
 1927 – James Eberle, English admiral (d. 2018)
 1927 – Michael Sandberg, Baron Sandberg, English
lieutenant and banker (d. 2017)
 1928 – Pankaj Roy, Indian cricketer (d. 2001)
 1929 – Menahem Golan, Israeli director and
producer (d. 2014)
 1930 – Clint Eastwood, American actor, director,
musician, and producer
 1931 – John Robert Schrieffer, American physicist
and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2019)
 1931 – Shirley Verrett, American soprano and
actress (d. 2010)
 1932 – Ed Lincoln, Brazilian pianist, bassist, and
composer (d. 2012)
 1932 – Jay Miner, American computer scientist and
engineer (d. 1994)
 1933 – Henry B. Eyring, American religious leader,
educator, and author
 1934 – Jim Hutton, American actor (d. 1979)
 1935 – Jim Bolger, New Zealand businessman and
politician, 35th Prime Minister of New Zealand
 1938 – Johnny Paycheck, American singer-
songwriter and guitarist (d. 2003)
 1938 – John Prescott, British sailor and
politician, Deputy Prime Minister of the United
Kingdom
 1938 – Peter Yarrow, American singer-songwriter,
guitarist, and producer
 1939 – Terry Waite, English humanitarian and
author
 1940 – Anatoliy Bondarchuk, Ukrainian hammer
thrower and coach
 1940 – Augie Meyers, American musician and
singer-songwriter
 1940 – Gilbert Shelton, American illustrator
 1941 – June Clark, Welsh nurse and educator
 1941 – Louis Ignarro, American pharmacologist and
academic, Nobel Prize laureate
 1941 – William Nordhaus, American economist and
academic, Nobel Prize laureate
 1943 – Sharon Gless, American actress
 1943 – Joe Namath, American football player,
sportscaster, and actor
 1945 – Rainer Werner Fassbinder, German actor,
director, and screenwriter (d. 1982)
 1945 – Laurent Gbagbo, Ivorian academic and
politician, 4th President of Côte d'Ivoire
 1945 – Bernard Goldberg, American journalist and
author
 1946 – Ted Baehr, American publisher and critic
 1946 – Steve Bucknor, Jamaican cricketer and
umpire
 1946 – Krista Kilvet, Estonian journalist, politician,
and diplomat (d. 2009)
 1946 – Debbie Moore, English model and
businesswoman
 1947 – Junior Campbell, Scottish singer-songwriter,
guitarist, and producer
 1947 – Gabriele Hinzmann, German discus thrower
 1948 – Svetlana Alexievich, Belarusian journalist
and author, Nobel Prize laureate
 1948 – John Bonham, English musician, songwriter
and drummer (d. 1980)
 1948 – Martin Hannett, English bass player,
guitarist, and record producer (d. 1991)
 1948 – Duncan Hunter, American lieutenant, lawyer,
and politician
 1949 – Tom Berenger, American actor, film producer
and television writer
 1950 – Jean Chalopin, French director, producer,
and screenwriter, founded DIC Entertainment
 1950 – Gregory Harrison, American actor[15]
 1950 – Edgar Savisaar, Estonian politician, Estonian
Minister of the Interior
 1951 – Karl-Hans Riehm, German hammer thrower
 1952 – Karl Bartos, German singer-songwriter and
keyboard player[16]
 1953 – Pirkka-Pekka Petelius, Finnish actor and
screenwriter
 1954 – Thomas Mavros, Greek footballer
 1954 – Vicki Sue Robinson, American actress and
singer (d. 2000)
 1955 – Tommy Emmanuel, Australian singer-
songwriter and guitarist
 1955 – Susie Essman, American actress, comedian,
and screenwriter
 1956 – Fritz Hilpert, German drummer and
composer
 1956 – John Young, English singer-songwriter and
keyboard player
 1957 – Jim Craig, American ice hockey player
 1959 – Andrea de Cesaris, Italian racing driver (d.
2014)
 1959 – Phil Wilson, English politician
 1960 – Greg Adams, Canadian ice hockey player
and businessman
 1960 – Chris Elliott, American actor, comedian, and
screenwriter
 1960 – Peter Winterbottom, English rugby player
 1961 – Ray Cote, Canadian ice hockey player
 1961 – Justin Madden, Australian footballer and
politician
 1961 – Lea Thompson, American actress, director,
and producer
 1962 – Corey Hart, Canadian singer-songwriter and
producer
 1963 – David Leigh, holder of the Sir Samuel Hall
Chair of Chemistry at the University of Manchester
 1963 – Viktor Orbán, Hungarian politician,
38th Prime Minister of Hungary
 1963 – Wesley Willis, American singer-songwriter
and keyboard player (d. 2003)
 1964 – Leonard Asper, Canadian lawyer and
businessman
 1964 – Stéphane Caristan, French hurdler and
coach
 1964 – Yukio Edano, Japanese politician, Japanese
Minister for Foreign Affairs
 1964 – Darryl "D.M.C." McDaniels, American rapper
and producer
 1965 – Brooke Shields, American model, actress,
and producer
 1966 – Diesel, American-Australian singer-
songwriter and guitarist[17]
 1966 – Roshan Mahanama, Sri Lankan cricketer
and referee
 1967 – Phil Keoghan, New Zealand television host
and producer
 1967 – Kenny Lofton, American baseball player,
coach, and sportscaster
 1971 – Arun Luthra, Indo-Anglo-American
saxophonist, konnakol artist, composer, and
arranger
 1972 – Christian McBride, American bassist and
record producer
 1972 – Archie Panjabi, British actress
 1972 – Frode Estil, Norwegian skier
 1972 – Antti Niemi, Finnish international footballer
and coach[18]
 1972 – Dave Roberts, American baseball player and
coach
 1974 – Hiroiki Ariyoshi, Japanese comedian and
singer
 1974 – Chad Campbell, American golfer
 1975 – Mac Suzuki, Japanese baseball player
 1976 – Colin Farrell, Irish actor [19]
 1976 – Matt Harpring, American basketball player
and sportscaster
 1977 – Theodoros Baev, Bulgarian-Greek volleyball
player
 1977 – Domenico Fioravanti, Italian swimmer
 1977 – Eric Christian Olsen, American actor
 1977 – Moses Sichone, Zambian footballer
 1977 – Petr Tenkrát, Czech ice hockey player
 1979 – Jean-François Gillet, Belgian footballer
 1981 – Mikael Antonsson, Swedish footballer
 1981 – Daniele Bonera, Italian footballer
 1981 – Jake Peavy, American baseball player
 1981 – Marlies Schild, Austrian skier
 1984 – Andrew Bailey, American baseball player
 1984 – Milorad Čavić, Serbian swimmer
 1984 – Nate Robinson, American basketball player
  1985 – Jordy Nelson, American football player
 1986 – Robert Gesink, Dutch cyclist
 1989 – Marco Reus, German footballer[20]
 1990 – Erik Karlsson, Swedish ice hockey player
 1992 – Michaël Bournival, Canadian ice hockey
player
 1992 – Laura Ikauniece, Latvian heptathlete[21]
 1995 – Matthew Lodge, Australian rugby league
player[22]
 1996 – Normani Korde, American singer[23]
 1996 – Brandon Smith, New Zealand rugby league
player[24]
 1998 – Santino Ferrucci, American race car driver[25]

Deaths[edit]
 455 – Petronius Maximus, Roman emperor (b. 396)
 930 – Liu Hua, princess of Southern Han (b. 896)
 960 – Fujiwara no Morosuke, Japanese statesman
(b. 909)
 1076 – Waltheof, Earl of Northumbria, English
politician (b. 1050)
 1089 – Sigwin von Are, archbishop of Cologne
 1162 – Géza II, king of Hungary (b. 1130)
 1321 – Birger, king of Sweden (b. 1280)
 1326 – Maurice de Berkeley, 2nd Baron Berkeley (b.
1271)
 1329 – Albertino Mussato, Italian statesman and
writer (b. 1261)
 1349 – Thomas Wake, English politician (b. 1297)
 1370 – Vitalis of Assisi, Italian hermit and monk (b.
1295)
 1408 – Ashikaga Yoshimitsu, Japanese shōgun (b.
1358)
 1410 – Martin of Aragon, Spanish king (b. 1356)
 1504 – Engelbert II of Nassau (b. 1451)
 1558 – Philip Hoby, English general and diplomat (b.
1505)
 1567 – Guido de Bres, Belgian pastor and
theologian (b. 1522)
 1594 – Tintoretto, Italian painter and educator (b.
1518)
 1601 – Gebhard Truchsess von Waldburg,
Archbishop-Elector of Cologne (b. 1547)[26]
 1640 – Zeynab Begum, Safavid princess (date of
birth unknown)[27]
 1665 – Pieter Jansz. Saenredam, Dutch painter (b.
1597)
 1680 – Joachim Neander, German theologian and
educator (b. 1650)
 1740 – Frederick William I of Prussia (b. 1688)
 1747 – Andrey Osterman, German-Russian
politician, Russian Minister of Foreign Affairs (b.
1686)
 1809 – Joseph Haydn, Austrian pianist and
composer (b. 1732)
 1809 – Jean Lannes, French general (b. 1769)
 1831 – Samuel Bentham, English architect and
engineer (b. 1757)
 1832 – Évariste Galois, French mathematician and
theorist (b. 1811)
 1837 – Joseph Grimaldi, English actor, comedian
and dancer, (b. 1779)
 1846 – Philip Marheineke, German pastor and
philosopher (b. 1780)
 1847 – Thomas Chalmers, Scottish minister and
economist (b. 1780)
 1848 – Eugénie de Guérin, French author (b. 1805)
 1899 – Stefanos Koumanoudis, Greek
archaeologist, teacher and writer (b. 1818)
 1908 – Louis-Honoré Fréchette, Canadian author,
poet, and politician (b. 1839)
 1909 – Thomas Price, Welsh-Australian politician,
24th Premier of South Australia (b. 1852)
 1910 – Elizabeth Blackwell, English-American
physician and educator (b. 1821)
 1931 – Felix-Raymond-Marie Rouleau, Canadian
cardinal (b. 1866)
 1931 – Willy Stöwer, German author and illustrator
(b. 1864)
 1945 – Odilo Globocnik, Italian-Austrian SS officer
(b. 1904)
 1954 – Antonis Benakis, Greek art collector and
philanthropist, founded the Benaki Museum (b.
1873)
 1957 – Stefanos Sarafis, Greek general and
politician (b. 1890)
 1957 – Leopold Staff, Polish poet and academic (b.
1878)
 1960 – Willem Elsschot, Flemish author and poet (b.
1882)
 1960 – Walther Funk, German economist, journalist,
and politician, German Minister of Economics (b.
1890)
 1962 – Henry F. Ashurst, American lawyer and
politician (b. 1874)
 1967 – Billy Strayhorn, American pianist and
composer (b. 1915)
 1970 – Terry Sawchuk, Canadian-American ice
hockey player (b. 1929)
 1976 – Jacques Monod, French biologist and
geneticist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1910)
 1977 – William Castle, American actor, director,
producer, and screenwriter (b. 1914)
 1978 – József Bozsik, Hungarian footballer and
manager (b. 1925)
 1981 – Barbara Ward, Baroness Jackson of
Lodsworth, English economist and journalist (b.
1914)
 1982 – Carlo Mauri, Italian mountaineer and
explorer (b. 1930)
 1983 – Jack Dempsey, American boxer and
lieutenant (b. 1895)
 1985 – Gaston Rébuffat, French mountaineer and
author (b. 1921)
 1986 – Jane Frank, American painter and sculptor
(b. 1918)
 1986 – James Rainwater, American physicist and
academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1917)
 1987 – John Abraham, Indian director and
screenwriter (b. 1937)
 1989 – Owen Lattimore, American author and
academic (b. 1900)
 1989 – C. L. R. James, Trinidadian journalist and
historian (b. 1901)[28]
 1993 – Honey Tree Evil Eye, or, Spuds
MacKenzie, Bud Light Bull Terrier mascot (b. 1983)[29]
 1994 – Uzay Heparı, Turkish actor, producer, and
composer (b. 1969)
 1994 – Herva Nelli, Italian-American soprano (b.
1909)
 1995 – Stanley Elkin, American novelist, short story
writer, and essayist (b. 1930)
 1996 – Timothy Leary, American psychologist and
author (b. 1920)
 1998 – Charles Van Acker, Belgian-American race
car driver (b. 1912)
 2000 – Petar Mladenov, Bulgarian diplomat,
1st President of Bulgaria (b. 1936)
 2000 – Tito Puente, American jazz musician (b.
1923)
 2000 – A. Jeyaratnam Wilson, Sri Lankan historian,
author, and academic (b. 1928)
 2001 – Arlene Francis, American actress, talk show
host, game show panelist, and television personality
(b. 1907)
 2002 – Subhash Gupte, Indian cricketer (b. 1929)
 2004 – Aiyathurai Nadesan, Sri Lankan journalist (b.
1954)
 2004 – Robert Quine, American guitarist (b. 1941)
 2004 – Étienne Roda-Gil, French screenwriter and
composer (b. 1941)
 2006 – Miguel Ortiz Berrocal, Spanish sculptor (b.
1933)
 2006 – Raymond Davis, Jr., American physicist and
chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1914)
 2009 – Danny La Rue, Irish-British drag
queen performer and singer (b. 1927)
 2009 – George Tiller, American physician (b. 1941)
 2010 – Louise Bourgeois, French-American sculptor
and painter (b. 1911)
 2010 – Brian Duffy, English photographer and
producer (b. 1933)
 2010 – William A. Fraker, American director,
producer, and cinematographer (b. 1923)
 2010 – Rubén Juárez, Argentinian singer-songwriter
and bandoneón player (b. 1947)
 2010 – Merata Mita, New Zealand director,
producer, and screenwriter (b. 1942)
 2011 – Pauline Betz, American tennis player (b.
1919)
 2011 – Jonas Bevacqua, American fashion
designer, co-founded the Lifted Research Group (b.
1977)
 2011 – Derek Hodge, Virgin Islander lawyer and
politician, Lieutenant Governor of the United States
Virgin Islands (b. 1941)
 2011 – Hans Keilson, German-Dutch psychoanalyst
and author (b. 1909)
 2011 – John Martin, English admiral and
politician, Lieutenant Governor of Guernsey (b.
1918)
 2011 – Andy Robustelli, American football player
and manager (b. 1925)
 2012 – Christopher Challis, English
cinematographer (b. 1919)
 2012 – Randall B. Kester, American lawyer and
judge (b. 1916)
 2012 – Paul Pietsch, German racing driver and
publisher (b. 1911)
 2012 – Orlando Woolridge, American basketball
player and coach (b. 1959)
 2013 – Gerald E. Brown, American physicist and
academic (b. 1926)
 2013 – Frederic Lindsay, Scottish author and
educator (b. 1933)
 2013 – Miguel Méndez, American author and poet
(b. 1930)
 2013 – Tim Samaras, American engineer and storm
chaser (b. 1957)
 2013 – Jairo Mora Sandoval, Costa Rican
environmentalist (b. 1987)
 2013 – Jean Stapleton, American actress (b. 1923)
 2014 – Marilyn Beck, American journalist (b. 1928)
 2014 – Marinho Chagas, Brazilian footballer and
coach (b. 1952)
 2014 – Hoss Ellington, American race car driver (b.
1935)
 2014 – Martha Hyer, American actress (b. 1924)
 2014 – Lewis Katz, American businessman and
philanthropist (b. 1942)
  2014 – Mary Soames, Baroness Soames, English
author (b. 1922)
 2015 – Gladys Taylor, Canadian author and
publisher (b. 1917)
 2016 – Mohamed Abdelaziz, President of the
Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (1976–2016) (b.
1947)
 2016 – Jan Crouch, American televangelist, co-
founder of the Trinity Broadcasting Network (b.
1938)
 2016 – Carla Lane, English television writer (b.
1928)
 2016 – Rupert Neudeck, German journalist and
humanitarian (b. 1939)

Holidays and observances[edit]

 Anniversary of Royal Brunei Malay
Regiment (Brunei)
 Christian feast day:
o Camilla Battista da Varano
o Hermias
o Petronella
o Visitation of Mary (Western Christianity)
o May 31 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
 The beginning of Gawai
Dayak (Dayaks in Sarawak, Malaysia and West
Kalimantan, Indonesia)
 World No Tobacco Day (International)[30]

References[edit]
1. ^ Knoji. "History of Surabaya, East Java,
Indonesia". indonesia.knoji.com. Retrieved  2018-10-16.
2. ^ "How a Javanese King Defeated a Powerful Mongolian
Emperor? | Seasia.co".  Good News from Southeast Asia.
Archived from  the original on 2018-10-16. Retrieved 2018-
10-16.
3. ^ Lasteyrie, R. de (1882). "Documents inédits sur la
construction du Pont-Neuf," Mémoires de la Société de
l'Histoire de Paris et de l'Ile de France, vol. 9 (1882), p. 47.
4. ^ Samuel Pepys (29 March 2001). The Diary of Samuel
Pepys, Vol. 10: Companion. University of California Press.
pp.  178–. ISBN 978-0-520-22715-6.
5. ^ Hugh Talmage Lefler (1956). North Carolina History Told by
Contemporaries. University of North Carolina Press. p.  100.
6. ^ Dennis Reinhartz; Gerald D. Saxon (1 January
2010). Mapping and Empire: Soldier-Engineers on the
Southwestern Frontier. University of Texas Press.
p. 54.  ISBN  978-0-292-77441-4.
7. ^ "BBC - History  : British History Timeline".  www.bbc.co.uk.
Retrieved 8 October 2020.
8. ^ The Institute for the History of the 1956 Hungarian
Revolution: Hungary 1944-1953, Part 2.Communist take-over,
1946–1949
9. ^ Jones, Michael K.; Underwood, Malcolm G. (1993), The
King's Mother: Lady Margaret Beaufort, Countess of
Richmond and Derby,  Cambridge University Press,
p. 34,  ISBN  0521447941
10. ^ Clayton J. Drees (2001).  The Late Medieval Age of Crisis
and Renewal, 1300-1500: A Biographical Dictionary.
Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 317.  ISBN  978-0-313-
30588-7.
11. ^ Ian Chilvers; Harold Osborne (1988). The Oxford dictionary
of art. Oxford University Press. p. 17.  ISBN  978-0-19-
860476-1.
12. ^ Nakamura, Ellen (2008). "Working the Siebold Network:
Kusumoto Ine and Western Learning in Nineteenth-Century
Japan".  Japanese Studies.  28  (2): 197–
211.  doi:10.1080/10371390802249172. ISSN 1469-9338.  S2
CID 145221289.
13. ^ Lentz, Harris M., III (2008).  Obituaries in the Performing
Arts, 2001: Film, Television, Radio, Theatre, Dance, Music,
Cartoons and Pop Culture. McFarland. pp.  227–
228.  ISBN  9780786452064. Retrieved  28 December  2018.
14. ^ "Claudio Matteini".  Almanacco giallorosso  (in Italian).
Retrieved 26 August  2020.
15. ^ Brady, James (1990-02-25).  "In Step With: Gregory
Harrison". Parade. Retrieved  2018-05-23.
16. ^ Pascal Bussy; Mick Fish (1993). Man, machine and music.
SAF. p.  60. ISBN 978-0-946719-09-9.
17. ^ "Primary description of item 7737900".  National Archives of
Australia. Retrieved  4 December  2009.
18. ^ "Antti Niemi". soccerbase.com. Retrieved  31 May  2020.
19. ^ "Colin Farrell Biography (1976–)". Filmreference.com.
Retrieved 25 January  2011.
20. ^ "Marco Reus: Facts". Marco Reus. Retrieved 30 May 2020.
21. ^ May 31 at World Athletics
22. ^ Ferguson, Shawn Dollin and Andrew. "Matt Lodge - Career
Stats & Summary - Rugby League
Project".  www.rugbyleagueproject.org. Retrieved  5
November 2017.
23. ^ "Watch Fifth Harmony Sing Happy Birthday to Normani
Hamilton".  Billboard. May 31, 2016. Retrieved  June 13,  2018.
24. ^ Ferguson, Shawn Dollin and Andrew. "Brandon Smith -
Career Stats & Summary - Rugby League
 Project".  www.rugbyleagueproject.org. Retrieved  5
November 2017.
25. ^ "Santino Ferrucci". Retrieved 28 September  2018.
26. ^ Franzen, August (1964), "Gebhard",  Neue Deutsche
Biographie  (in German),  6, Berlin: Duncker & Humblot,
p. 113; (full text online)
27. ^ Ghereghlou 2016.
28. ^ C. Gerald Fraser, "C. L. R. James, Historian, Critic And
Pan-Africanist, Is Dead at 88", The New York Times, 2 June
1989.
29. ^ "Spuds MacKenzie is dead". UPI. Retrieved  2020-06-02.
30. ^ "International Days".  www.un.org. 6 January 2015.
Retrieved 2 January 2021.

Sources[edit]
 Ghereghlou, Kioumars (2016). "ZAYNAB
BEGUM". Encyclopaedia Iranica.

External links[edit]
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 Related: List of non-standard dates

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