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®

The TOEFL Test


Structure and Written Expression
(Skill 6-8)
Ahmad Ardillah Rahman
SKILL 6: USE COORDINATE CONNECTORS CORRECTLY

Copyright © 2011 by Educational Testing Service. All rights reserved. ETS, the ETS logo, LISTENING. LEARNING. LEADING., CRITERION,
GRE, SCORELINK, TOEFL and TOEIC are registered trademarks of Educational Testing Service (ETS). BETTER BY DESIGN,
THE PRAXIS SERIES, and TOEFL IBT are trademarks of ETS. MY CREDENTIALS VAULT is a service mark of ETS.
All other trademarks are property of their respective owners.
Example:

A power failure occured, ___ the


lamps went out.
A. Then
B. So
C. Later
D. Next

Copyright © 2011 by Educational Testing Service. All rights reserved. ETS, the ETS logo, LISTENING. LEARNING. LEADING., CRITERION,
GRE, SCORELINK, TOEFL and TOEIC are registered trademarks of Educational Testing Service (ETS). BETTER BY DESIGN,
THE PRAXIS SERIES, and TOEFL IBT are trademarks of ETS. MY CREDENTIALS VAULT is a service mark of ETS.
All other trademarks are property of their respective owners.
The following chart lists the connectors and the
sentence pattern uses with them:

Copyright © 2011 by Educational Testing Service. All rights reserved. ETS, the ETS logo, LISTENING. LEARNING. LEADING., CRITERION,
GRE, SCORELINK, TOEFL and TOEIC are registered trademarks of Educational Testing Service (ETS). BETTER BY DESIGN,
THE PRAXIS SERIES, and TOEFL IBT are trademarks of ETS. MY CREDENTIALS VAULT is a service mark of ETS.
All other trademarks are property of their respective owners.
EXERCISE 6: Each of the following sentences contains more than
one clause. Underline the subjects once and the verbs twice.
Circle the connectors. Then indicate if the sentences are correct
(C) or incorrect (I).

Copyright © 2011 by Educational Testing Service. All rights reserved. ETS, the ETS logo, LISTENING. LEARNING. LEADING., CRITERION,
GRE, SCORELINK, TOEFL and TOEIC are registered trademarks of Educational Testing Service (ETS). BETTER BY DESIGN,
THE PRAXIS SERIES, and TOEFL IBT are trademarks of ETS. MY CREDENTIALS VAULT is a service mark of ETS.
All other trademarks are property of their respective owners.
SKILL 7: USE ADVERB TIME AND CAUSE CONNECTORS
CORRECTLY

Copyright © 2011 by Educational Testing Service. All rights reserved. ETS, the ETS logo, LISTENING. LEARNING. LEADING., CRITERION,
GRE, SCORELINK, TOEFL and TOEIC are registered trademarks of Educational Testing Service (ETS). BETTER BY DESIGN,
THE PRAXIS SERIES, and TOEFL IBT are trademarks of ETS. MY CREDENTIALS VAULT is a service mark of ETS.
All other trademarks are property of their respective owners.
Example

___ was late, I missed the


appointment.
A. I
B. Because
C. The train
D. Since he

Copyright © 2011 by Educational Testing Service. All rights reserved. ETS, the ETS logo, LISTENING. LEARNING. LEADING., CRITERION,
GRE, SCORELINK, TOEFL and TOEIC are registered trademarks of Educational Testing Service (ETS). BETTER BY DESIGN,
THE PRAXIS SERIES, and TOEFL IBT are trademarks of ETS. MY CREDENTIALS VAULT is a service mark of ETS.
All other trademarks are property of their respective owners.
The following chart lists adverb time and cause connectors and
the sentence patters used with them:

Copyright © 2011 by Educational Testing Service. All rights reserved. ETS, the ETS logo, LISTENING. LEARNING. LEADING., CRITERION,
GRE, SCORELINK, TOEFL and TOEIC are registered trademarks of Educational Testing Service (ETS). BETTER BY DESIGN,
THE PRAXIS SERIES, and TOEFL IBT are trademarks of ETS. MY CREDENTIALS VAULT is a service mark of ETS.
All other trademarks are property of their respective owners.
EXERCISE 7: Each of the following sentences contains more than
one clause. Underline the subjects once and the verbs twice.
Circle the connectors. Then indicate if the sentences are correct
(C) or incorrect (I).

Copyright © 2011 by Educational Testing Service. All rights reserved. ETS, the ETS logo, LISTENING. LEARNING. LEADING., CRITERION,
GRE, SCORELINK, TOEFL and TOEIC are registered trademarks of Educational Testing Service (ETS). BETTER BY DESIGN,
THE PRAXIS SERIES, and TOEFL IBT are trademarks of ETS. MY CREDENTIALS VAULT is a service mark of ETS.
All other trademarks are property of their respective owners.
SKILL 8: USE OTHER ADVERB CONNECTORS
CORRECTLY

Copyright © 2011 by Educational Testing Service. All rights reserved. ETS, the ETS logo, LISTENING. LEARNING. LEADING., CRITERION,
GRE, SCORELINK, TOEFL and TOEIC are registered trademarks of Educational Testing Service (ETS). BETTER BY DESIGN,
THE PRAXIS SERIES, and TOEFL IBT are trademarks of ETS. MY CREDENTIALS VAULT is a service mark of ETS.
All other trademarks are property of their respective owners.
Example

You will get a good grade on the exam


provided ___ .
A. Studying
B. Study
C. To study
D. You study

Copyright © 2011 by Educational Testing Service. All rights reserved. ETS, the ETS logo, LISTENING. LEARNING. LEADING., CRITERION,
GRE, SCORELINK, TOEFL and TOEIC are registered trademarks of Educational Testing Service (ETS). BETTER BY DESIGN,
THE PRAXIS SERIES, and TOEFL IBT are trademarks of ETS. MY CREDENTIALS VAULT is a service mark of ETS.
All other trademarks are property of their respective owners.
The following chart lists the adverb contrast, condition,
manner, and place connectors and the sentence
patterrns used with them:

Copyright © 2011 by Educational Testing Service. All rights reserved. ETS, the ETS logo, LISTENING. LEARNING. LEADING., CRITERION,
GRE, SCORELINK, TOEFL and TOEIC are registered trademarks of Educational Testing Service (ETS). BETTER BY DESIGN,
THE PRAXIS SERIES, and TOEFL IBT are trademarks of ETS. MY CREDENTIALS VAULT is a service mark of ETS.
All other trademarks are property of their respective owners.
EXERCISE 8: Each of the following sentences contains more than
one clause. Underline the subjects once and the verbs twice.
Circle the connectors. Then indicate if the sentences are correct
(C) or incorrect (I).

Copyright © 2011 by Educational Testing Service. All rights reserved. ETS, the ETS logo, LISTENING. LEARNING. LEADING., CRITERION,
GRE, SCORELINK, TOEFL and TOEIC are registered trademarks of Educational Testing Service (ETS). BETTER BY DESIGN,
THE PRAXIS SERIES, and TOEFL IBT are trademarks of ETS. MY CREDENTIALS VAULT is a service mark of ETS.
All other trademarks are property of their respective owners.
Copyright © 2011 by Educational Testing Service. All rights reserved. ETS, the ETS logo, LISTENING. LEARNING. LEADING., CRITERION,
GRE, SCORELINK, TOEFL and TOEIC are registered trademarks of Educational Testing Service (ETS). BETTER BY DESIGN,
THE PRAXIS SERIES, and TOEFL IBT are trademarks of ETS. MY CREDENTIALS VAULT is a service mark of ETS.
All other trademarks are property of their respective owners.
Copyright © 2011 by Educational Testing Service. All rights reserved. ETS, the ETS logo, LISTENING. LEARNING. LEADING., CRITERION,
GRE, SCORELINK, TOEFL and TOEIC are registered trademarks of Educational Testing Service (ETS). BETTER BY DESIGN,
THE PRAXIS SERIES, and TOEFL IBT are trademarks of ETS. MY CREDENTIALS VAULT is a service mark of ETS.
All other trademarks are property of their respective owners.
Copyright © 2011 by Educational Testing Service. All rights reserved. ETS, the ETS logo, LISTENING. LEARNING. LEADING., CRITERION,
GRE, SCORELINK, TOEFL and TOEIC are registered trademarks of Educational Testing Service (ETS). BETTER BY DESIGN,
THE PRAXIS SERIES, and TOEFL IBT are trademarks of ETS. MY CREDENTIALS VAULT is a service mark of ETS.
All other trademarks are property of their respective owners.
Copyright © 2011 by Educational Testing Service. All rights reserved. ETS, the ETS logo, LISTENING. LEARNING. LEADING., CRITERION,
GRE, SCORELINK, TOEFL and TOEIC are registered trademarks of Educational Testing Service (ETS). BETTER BY DESIGN,
THE PRAXIS SERIES, and TOEFL IBT are trademarks of ETS. MY CREDENTIALS VAULT is a service mark of ETS.
All other trademarks are property of their respective owners.
Copyright © 2011 by Educational Testing Service. All rights reserved. ETS, the ETS logo, LISTENING. LEARNING. LEADING., CRITERION,
GRE, SCORELINK, TOEFL and TOEIC are registered trademarks of Educational Testing Service (ETS). BETTER BY DESIGN,
THE PRAXIS SERIES, and TOEFL IBT are trademarks of ETS. MY CREDENTIALS VAULT is a service mark of ETS.
All other trademarks are property of their respective owners.
THANK YOU J!!!

Copyright © 2011 by Educational Testing Service. All rights reserved. ETS, the ETS logo, LISTENING. LEARNING. LEADING., CRITERION,
GRE, SCORELINK, TOEFL and TOEIC are registered trademarks of Educational Testing Service (ETS). BETTER BY DESIGN,
THE PRAXIS SERIES, and TOEFL IBT are trademarks of ETS. MY CREDENTIALS VAULT is a service mark of ETS.
All other trademarks are property of their respective owners.
QUESTIONS J???

Copyright © 2011 by Educational Testing Service. All rights reserved. ETS, the ETS logo, LISTENING. LEARNING. LEADING., CRITERION,
GRE, SCORELINK, TOEFL and TOEIC are registered trademarks of Educational Testing Service (ETS). BETTER BY DESIGN,
THE PRAXIS SERIES, and TOEFL IBT are trademarks of ETS. MY CREDENTIALS VAULT is a service mark of ETS.
All other trademarks are property of their respective owners.

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