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Prof. Name, Prof. Name | BS Pharmaceutical Sciences Batch 2019

- Areas of intense color: take up a lot of the

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
● Exposure to high energy magnetic field and pulses of
radio wave energy in which the protons in bodily fluids
and tissues arrange themselves in relation to the field
● Only shows details/pictures of soft tissues of organs (not
for bones)
● Area of the body being studied is placed inside a special
machine that contains a strong magnet - to provide 2D
or 3D blueprint of cellular chemistry
● Not used in patients with metals in their bodies (ex:
patients with metal hip replacements are not allowed)
● Done to provide more information about a problem seen
on an x-ray, ultrasound scan, or CT scan
● Better detection, descriptive powers, and resolution than
CT scan
● Contrast material may be used during MRI to show
abnormal tissue more clearly
● Price Range: (I will insert price range later)
USES:
● Detect tumors & artery-clogging fatty plaques
● Reveal brain abnormalities, measure blood flow
● Detect a variety of musculoskeletal, liver, & kidney
disorders
radionuclide & represent high tissue activity
- Areas of less intense color: take up smaller
amounts of the radionuclide & represent low
tissue activity
● Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography
(SPECT)
- Specialized type of radionuclide scanning
- Useful for studying brain, heart, lungs, & liver
- Can be used to produce both vertical and
horizontal cross sections through the body, and
the data can also be manipulated by a
computer to produce 3D images
● Positron Emission Tomography (PET)
- Substance that emits positrons is injected into
the body, where it is taken up by tissues
- Positrons + electrons = gamma rays (detected
by gamma cameras)
- Darkened area may indicate illnesses (ex: may
indicate where a stroke has occured,may detect
extensive metastatic lesions, etc.)
- Shows where injected substance is being used
in the body; Measures the metabolism of tissue
- Black & blue colors - minimal activity
- Red, orange, yellow, & white - increasingly
greater activity
- Price Range: PHP 50,000 - 60,000

Endoscopy
Ultrasound scanning (Sonography)
● Visual examination of the inside of body organs or
● Ultrasound screening cavities using a lighted instrument with lenses called an
● Uses high-frequency sound waves produced by a endoscope
handheld wand that reflect off body tissues that are ● Price Range: PHP 6,000 - 15,000
detected and reproduced on a video monitor TYPES:
● Sonogram - image, may be still or moving ● Colonoscopy - interior of the colon
● Safe, non-invasive (does not use ionizing radiation) ● Laparoscopy - organs within the abdominopelvic cavity
● Requires a frictionless surface to obtain a perfect image ● Arthroscopy - interior of a joint, usually the knee
● Ultrasound gel - acts as lubricant that allows for easy ● Laryngoscopy - larynx, part of the throat
movement of the transducer across the skin and ● Bronchoscopy - lungs and air passages
removes the air between the skin and the transducer ● Nasopharyngoscopy - nose and throat
● Most commonly used to visualize the fetus during
pregnancy
● Produces images: the size, location, & actions of organs
● Doppler ultrasound - used to measure blood flow and
blood pressure
● Price Range: PHP 650 - 1,650
HOW IT WORKS:
1. Transducer is placed against the patient’s skin near the
body area to be imaged. The transducer can transmit
and receive sound.
2. The transducer sends a stream of high frequency sound
waves into the body that bounce off the structures
inside. It detects sound waves as they bounce off the
internal structures.
3. These sounds are analyzed by a computer to make an
image of the structures on a computer screen or that can
be recorded on videotape, CD, or DVD.

Radionuclide Scanning

● A radioactive substance (radiotracer) is introduced

intravenously into the body & carried by the blood to the
tissue to be imaged
● Emits gamma radiation, detected by a camera and
creates an image
● Used to find out how well an organ is functioning by
looking at the supply of blood to its tissues
● Used to study activity of a tissue or organ, such as the
heart, lungs, thyroid gland, & kidneys
● Can help doctors diagnose many conditions, including
cancers, injuries and infections
● Radiotracer - injected into body, emits gamma radiation
as it decays
● Radionuclide image:

BATCH 2019 ACADEMICS COMMITTEE | Trans #__ | TRANS HEAD: Last name TRANS TEAM: last name last name