Modeling of Shear Wall in ETABS

21/10/2016
Shear Wall Design – Using ETABS

Special Considerations/Concepts:
– Zoning
• Pier
• Spandrel and
Modeling of Shear Walls • Boundary Zone
– Labeling
In ETABS •
•
Pier
Spandrel
– Section Types
• Simplified Section (C, T or
Linear)
• Uniform reinforcing section
• General Sections
Shear Wall Behavior, Modeling, Analysis and Design AIT - ThailandACECOMS Shear Wall Behavior, Modeling, Analysis and Design AIT - ThailandACECOMS
Shear Wall Design –Meshing Shear Wall Design –Meshing
• Wall Meshing and Load Transfer: Wall Meshing:

– Appropriate Meshing and labeling of Shear Walls is the – Piers and spandrels where bending
key to proper modeling and design of walls deformations are significant (slender piers and
spandrels), need to mesh the pier or spandrel into
– No automatic meshing is available for walls (only several elements
manual)
– Loads are only transferred to walls at the corner points – If the aspect ratio of a pier or spandrel one shell
of the area objects that make up the wall element is worse than 3 to 1, consider additional
– Generally the Membrane or Shell type Elements should meshing of the element to adequately capture the
be used to model walls bending deformation
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Shear Wall Design – Pier Zones Shear Wall Design – Pier Zones
– A single wall pier cannot extend over

Pier Zone Labeling (Naming/Grouping) multiple stories
– Pier labels are assigned to vertical
area objects (walls) and to vertical – Wall pier forces are output at the top
line objects (columns)
and bottom of wall pier elements
– Objects that are associated with the

same story level and have the same – Wall pier design is only performed at
pier label are considered to be part of stations located at the top and bottom
the same pier. of wall pier elements.
– Must assign a pier element a label

before you can get output forces for
the element or before you can design
the element.
Piers Labeling General Comments on Case d:

Examples – All of the area objects given the
same label P1
– Design is performed across the
entire wall at each story level
– Wall forces would be provided
for the entire wall at each story
level
– Combined reinforcement is
reported at the top and bottom of
each floor (3-5 area objects)
Section for
Design at II
Shear Wall Behavior, Modeling, Analysis and Design AIT - ThailandACECOMS Shear Wall Behavior, Modeling, Analysis and Design Floor Top ACECOMS
AIT - Thailand
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21/10/2016
General Comments on Case a:
General Comments on Case a (Common
–Way):
– Common way to label piers
At the upper level, Pier P1 is defined
– At the upper level, Pier P1 is
defined to extend all the way to extend all the way across the wall
across the wall above the above the openings.
openings. – Pier P2 makes up the wall pier to the
– Pier P2 makes up the wall pier to left of the door opening.
the left of the door opening. – Pier P3 occurs between the door and
– Pier P3 occurs between the door window openings.
and window openings. – Pier P4 occurs between the window
– Pier P4 occurs between the opening and the edge of the wall.
window opening and the edge of
the wall. – Pier P5 occurs below the window
– Pier P5 occurs below the window opening between the door and the
opening between the door and edge of the wall.
the edge of the wall. A similar – A similar labeling of piers occurs at
labeling of piers occurs at the the lower level.
– lower level.
Shear Wall Design – Pier Zones Shear Wall Design – Spandrel Zones
General Comments on Case a (Common

Way): Spandrel Zone Labeling
(Naming/Grouping)
Design pier – Spandrel labels are assigned to vertical
–1 area objects (walls) and to horizontal line
Design pier – objects (beams)
Section
2 pier –
Design s
3 pier –
Design – Unlike pier elements, a single wall spandrel
4 element can be made up of objects from
Output for Each Pier two (or more) adjacent story levels
– Must assign a spandrel element a label

before you can get output forces for the
element or before you can design the
element
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21/10/2016
Shear Wall Design – Pier Zones Shear Wall Design – Spandrel Zones
Spandrels or Headers
– Wall spandrel forces are output at the left
and right ends of wall spandrel Elements
– Wall spandrel design is only performed at

stations located at the left and right ends
of wall spandrel elements
– Multiple wall spandrel labels cannot be

assigned to a single area object.
Shear Wall Design – Spandrel Zones Concrete Shear Wall Design

Examples: Spandrel Labeling
• Fully integrated wall pier and
spandrel design
• ACI, UBC and Canadian Codes
• Design for static and dynamic
loads
• Automatic integration of forces
for piers and spandrel
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21/10/2016
Shear Wall Design Interaction Surface for Shear Walls

P
• Design based on :
– Equilibrium Conditions
– Strain Compatibility Principle
– Linear Strain Variation
My
Mx
Concrete Shear Wall Design Shear Wall - Typical Design Process
1. While modeling define Shear Wall elements

• 2D wall pier design and boundary-member checks
2. Choose the Shear Wall design code and
• 2D wall spandrel design review other related preferences and revise
them if necessary
• 3D wall pier check for provided reinforcement
• Graphical Section Designer for concrete rebar 3. Assign pier and spandrel labels
location
• Graphical display of reinforcement and stress 3. Run the building analysis
ratios
4. Assign overwrites
• Interactive design and review
• Summary and detailed reports including database 5. Select Design Combos
formats
6. Start Designing Walls
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Shear Wall - Typical Design Process Shear Wall Design – Output
7. View Design Input and Output Information
8. Design the Member Interactively
9. Print Design Report
10.Change Design Section if Required
11. Re-run Design and Re-analyze if needed
12. Repeat the Above Cycle
Shear Wall Design – Output Shear Wall Design – Output
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21/10/2016
Shear Wall Design – Output The Basic Issues

• What is a Shear Wall?
• Modeling and analysis issues
– Transfer of loads to shear walls
– Modeling of shear walls in 2D
– Modeling of shear Walls in 3D
– Interaction of shear-walls with frames
• Design and detaining issues

– Determination of rebars for flexure
– Determination of rebars for shear
– Detailing of rebars near openings and corners
– Design and detailing of connection between various
components of cellular shear walls
Avoid Eccentricity in Plan Reduce In-plane Bending in Floor
Or
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21/10/2016
Vertical Irregularity Using Efficient Building Plan Shape
Expansion
Joint
No Shear Walls Balanced Shear Using Expansion

Walls at All Joints to eliminate
Levels some walls
Axial Stresses in Planer Walls

10
Design of Shear Walls

2
Shear Wall Behavior, Modeling, Analysis and Design AIT - ThailandACECOMS
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21/10/2016
Axial Stresses in Cellular Walls Axial Stresses in Cellular Walls

10 Uniaxial Bending 10 Biaxial Bending
5 5
2 2
Getting Result from Frame Model Getting Results from Truss Model
Design actions (P, Mx, My and V) are obtained directly P  T  C  Dsin( )
M  Txt  Cxc  Dsin( ) xd
V  D cos( )
P P
V Vy Vx Mx
M
My
D P
T C
M V
xd
xt xc
Tension Compression
Member Member
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21/10/2016
Getting Results From Shell Model Interaction Curves - Uniaxial

CL of wall
Fi  Ai fi
The curve is generated by
n
P  Fi varying the neutral axis depth
i 1
P n
M  Fi xi
A A V i 1
M
n
V   Ai vi Un-safe
i 1
 Nb  Safe
t N nx     f c ( ) da   f si A si 
A i 1 
f5 x1
f4
 Nb 
f3 f2 M ny      f c ( ) da .dz   f si A si d zi 
T f1 z A i 1 
f1, f2, …..fn are the nodal stresses at
C section A-A , obtained from analysis
x1
Interaction Surface - Biaxial Interaction Surface and Curves

+P
The surface is
A cross-section of
generated by interaction surface at P u
Un-safe
changing Angle - My
and Depth of
Neutral Axis Pu
- Mz Safe + Mz
+ My
 1 n 
   x , y  dx
1
N  1  dy ...   A i  i ( x , y ) ... 
  1 
z
x y 2 i 1 
 1 n 
   x , y  dx
1
M  2 dy . y ...   A i  i ( x , y ) y i ... 
  1 
x
x y 2 i 1 
 1 n 
   x , y  dx
1
M  3  dy . x ...   A i  i ( x , y ) x i ... 
  1 
y
x y 2 i 1 
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21/10/2016
Narrow Planner Walls Cellular Wall – No Opening

The capacity is almost completely The capacity is
un-axial almost completely
biaxial
Moment capacity can be increased
by providing Rebars at the corners
Single Cell Walls Double Cell Walls
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21/10/2016
Designing as Axial Zones Axial Zone Model – Planer Wall
Axial Zones for Box Wall

Shear Design
Spandrel
Pier
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21/10/2016
Shear Design of Pier ACI Equations for Pier Design

Basic Concrete Shear Capacity
Pu 0.8Lp 
Vc  3.3RLW fct p 0.8Lp  
• Determine Concrete shear
capacity, Vc 4Lp
• Check if Vc exceeds the Concrete not to Exceed the limit

limit, if it does, section needs   
P
to be revised  L p  1.25 R LW f c  0.2 u 
 

Vc   0 .6 R LW f c  
L pt p   t 0 .8 L 
M  L  p p
• Determine steel Rebars for  Abs  u   p 
  Vu  2 
Vs=V-Vc  
• Check additional steel for Area of Steel Computed as

seismic requirements AbsVu 
Lp Vc AbsVu 
  10RLW fct p 0.8Lp 
Av  
tp
f ys 0.8Lp 
Shear Design for Spandrel ACI Equations for Spandrel Design

Basic Concrete Shear Capacity
• Determine Concrete shear hs
capacity, Vc 
V c  2 R LW fc tsd s
Ls
• Check if Vc exceeds the
Elevation
limit, if it does, section Concrete not to Exceed the limit
needs to be revised ts Vu
Vs  Vn  Vc  V

c
• Determine steel Rebars for d r  top
Vs=V-Vc a
c Area of Steel Computed as
• Check additional steel for
hs Vs
seismic requirements Av  V s  8 R LW f ct s d s
f ys d s
d r  bot Check for minimum steel and spacing etc.

Section
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21/10/2016
ACI Equations for Spandrel Design Notations for Shear Design

50ts Ls = Length of Spandrel
L Vu Av min 
When s  5 and  0.5Vc f ys ts = Thickness of Spandrel
ds 
Ah min  0 drtop = Distance from top of spandrel to the centroid of top reinforcing
drbot = Distance from bottom of spandrel to the centroid of bottom reinforcing
Ls Vu hs = Total depth of spandrel
When  5 and  0.5Vc Av min  Ahmin  0
ds  RLW = Shear reduction factor as specified in the concrete material
properties for light weight concrete.
ds = Effective depth of spandrel
When Ls
2 5 Check
ds Vs = Portion of Shear force in spandrel carried by reinforcing steel
Vu 2  L Av min  0.0015 t s Vc = Portion of Shear force in spandrel carried by concrete
 10 s RLW fcts ds
 3  ds  Ah min  0.0025 t s
Wall Section Effect of Rebar Layout

• Place more reinforcement at the ends and distribute the Moment Capacity for 1% Rebars
remaining in the middle portion
• Confine the Rebars at the end for improved ductility and a) Uniform Distribution
increased moment capacity
Option -1 Max M= 380

b) Concentrated Bars
Option -2
Option -3 Nearly 25% increase for same steel Max M= 475
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21/10/2016
Wall Section Effect of Rebar Layout

• Place more Moment Capacity for 1% Rebars
reinforcement at the a) Uniform Distribution
corners and distribute
the remaining in the
middle portion
• Confine the Rebars at Max M= 16500
the corners for improved

ductility and increased b) Concentrated Bars
moment capacity
• Provide U-Bars at the
corners for easier
construction and Max M= 19600
improved laps Nearly 20% increase for same steel
Rebar Detailing For Openings
Shear Wall Behavior, Modeling, Analysis and Design AIT - ThailandACECOMS
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Modeling of Shear Wall in ETABS

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21/10/2016

Shear Wall Design – Using ETABS

Modeling of Shear Walls • Boundary Zone

Shear Wall Design –Meshing Shear Wall Design –Meshing

• Wall Meshing and Load Transfer: Wall Meshing:

– A single wall pier cannot extend over

– Objects that are associated with the

– Must assign a pier element a label

Piers Labeling General Comments on Case d:

General Comments on Case a (Common

– Must assign a spandrel element a label

– Wall spandrel design is only performed at

– Multiple wall spandrel labels cannot be

Shear Wall Design – Spandrel Zones Concrete Shear Wall Design

Shear Wall Design Interaction Surface for Shear Walls

Concrete Shear Wall Design Shear Wall - Typical Design Process

1. While modeling define Shear Wall elements

Shear Wall - Typical Design Process Shear Wall Design – Output

7. View Design Input and Output Information

8. Design the Member Interactively

9. Print Design Report

10.Change Design Section if Required

11. Re-run Design and Re-analyze if needed

12. Repeat the Above Cycle

Shear Wall Design – Output Shear Wall Design – Output

Shear Wall Design – Output The Basic Issues

• Design and detaining issues

Avoid Eccentricity in Plan Reduce In-plane Bending in Floor

Vertical Irregularity Using Efficient Building Plan Shape

No Shear Walls Balanced Shear Using Expansion

Axial Stresses in Planer Walls

Design of Shear Walls

Shear Wall Behavior, Modeling, Analysis and Design AIT - ThailandACECOMS

Axial Stresses in Cellular Walls Axial Stresses in Cellular Walls

Getting Results From Shell Model Interaction Curves - Uniaxial

Interaction Surface - Biaxial Interaction Surface and Curves

Narrow Planner Walls Cellular Wall – No Opening

Single Cell Walls Double Cell Walls

Designing as Axial Zones Axial Zone Model – Planer Wall

Axial Zones for Box Wall

Shear Design of Pier ACI Equations for Pier Design

• Check if Vc exceeds the Concrete not to Exceed the limit

• Check additional steel for Area of Steel Computed as

Shear Design for Spandrel ACI Equations for Spandrel Design

d r  bot Check for minimum steel and spacing etc.

ACI Equations for Spandrel Design Notations for Shear Design

Wall Section Effect of Rebar Layout

Option -1 Max M= 380

Option -3 Nearly 25% increase for same steel Max M= 475

Wall Section Effect of Rebar Layout

the corners for improved

Rebar Detailing For Openings

Shear Wall Behavior, Modeling, Analysis and Design AIT - ThailandACECOMS

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