Substituting into Equations

Questions

1) For the equation below, determine the value of 𝑦𝑦 for the following values of 𝑥𝑥.

𝑦𝑦 = 5𝑥𝑥 − 3

3
𝑥𝑥 = 0 1 5 −5
5
𝑦𝑦 =

2) The equation below represents a team’s score in AFL.

𝑆𝑆 = 6𝐺𝐺 + 𝐵𝐵

Where 𝑆𝑆 is the score, 𝐺𝐺 is the number of goals, and 𝐵𝐵 is the number of behinds scored.

Use this equation to determine a team’s score when they have:

a) 3 goals and 4 behinds
b) 7 goals and 12 behinds
c) 10 goals and 8 behinds

3) When tea is brewed for a large number of people, it is often said that you should use “One teabag per person,
plus one for the pot”.
This is represented by the following equation.
𝑇𝑇 = 𝑃𝑃 + 1

where 𝑇𝑇 is the number of teabags, and 𝑃𝑃 is the number of people having tea.
a) How many teabags are needed for 4 people to have tea?
𝑇𝑇 = 𝑃𝑃 + 1
𝑇𝑇 = ⎕ + 1
=⎕

How many people are having tea if I am using 7 teabags?

𝑇𝑇 = 𝑃𝑃 + 1
⎕ = 𝑃𝑃 + 1
𝑃𝑃 = ⎕

4)
a) Write out the equation from Question 2.

b) A team has a total score of 44, and has scored 7 goals. Complete the equation below to represent this.
⎕ = 6 × ⎕ + 𝐵𝐵

c) Solve this equation to determine the number of behinds this team must have scored.

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5) A specific board game involves accumulating points. The first person to 20 points wins.

In this game:
𝑃𝑃 is the number of points a player has.
ℎ is the number of houses built, and each house is worth 1 point.
𝐻𝐻 is the number of hotels built, and each hotel is worth 3 points.
𝑆𝑆 is the number of stadiums built, and each stadium is worth 5 points.

a) Use this points system to construct an equation for the number of points a player has.

𝑃𝑃 = ⎕ℎ + ⎕𝐻𝐻 + ⎕𝑆𝑆

b) If I’ve built a stadium and 3 hotels, how many houses do I need to reach 20 points?

6) The same game as in Question 5 now has an extra rule.

“2 points will be deducted each time you pick up a card which causes an earthquake.”

a) Write down the new equation for the number of points a player has, where 𝐸𝐸 is the number of earthquake
cards.

b) How many hotels do I need to reach 20 points if I have 5 houses, 1 stadium, and 1 earthquake card?

7) A business’s income is dependent on a number of factors. In the equation below:

𝑃𝑃 is the business’s profit (in $),
𝐸𝐸 is the number of employees,
𝑈𝑈 is the cost of utilities,
𝐶𝐶 is the number of customers, and
𝑇𝑇 is the number of trucks needed to transport the product.

𝑃𝑃 = 800𝐶𝐶 − 200𝐸𝐸 − 𝑈𝑈 − 220𝑇𝑇

a) How many dollars does the business receive for each customer?

b) Explain why some of the terms have negative signs.

c) If the business makes $8,000 profit, employs 5 people, uses 10 trucks, and has 15 customers, how much is it
paying for utilities?

d) If the business makes $10,000 profit, has 20 customers, hires 12 trucks, and spends $1,760 on utilities, how
many people is it employing?

e) If the business makes $2,500 profit, employs 20 people, uses 15 trucks, and spends $1,400 on utilities, how
many customers does it have?

f) If the company is spending $1,000 on employees, how many people is it employing?

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Answers

1) For the equation below, determine the value of 𝑦𝑦 for the following values of 𝑥𝑥.

𝑦𝑦 = 5𝑥𝑥 − 3

3
𝑥𝑥 = 0 1 5 −5
5
𝑦𝑦 = −3 2 22 −28 0

2) The equation below represents a team’s score in AFL.

𝑆𝑆 = 6𝐺𝐺 + 𝐵𝐵

Where 𝑆𝑆 is the score, 𝐺𝐺 is the number of goals, and 𝐵𝐵 is the number of behinds scored.

Use this equation to determine a team’s score when they have:

a) 3 goals and 4 behinds
𝑆𝑆 = 6 × 3 + 4 = 18 + 4 = 22
b) 7 goals and 12 behinds
𝑆𝑆 = 7 × 6 + 12 = 42 + 12 = 54
c) 10 goals and 8 behinds
𝑆𝑆 = 10 × 6 + 8 = 60 + 8 = 68

3) When tea is brewed for a large number of people, it is often said that you should use “One teabag per person,
plus one for the pot”.
This is represented by the following equation.
𝑇𝑇 = 𝑃𝑃 + 1

where 𝑇𝑇 is the number of teabags, and 𝑃𝑃 is the number of people having tea.
a) How many teabags are needed for 4 people to have tea?
𝑇𝑇 = 𝑃𝑃 + 1
=4+1
=5
b) How many people are having tea if I am using 7 teabags?

𝑇𝑇 = 𝑃𝑃 + 1
7 = 𝑃𝑃 + 1
𝑃𝑃 = 6

4)
a) Write out the equation from Question 2.
𝑆𝑆 = 6𝐺𝐺 + 𝐵𝐵

b) A team has a total score of 44, and has scored 7 goals. Complete the equation below to represent this.
44 = 6 × 7 + 𝐵𝐵

c) Solve this equation to determine the number of behinds this team must have scored.

44 = 6 × 7 + 𝐵𝐵
= 42 + 𝐵𝐵

44 − 42 = 𝐵𝐵
Thus,
𝐵𝐵 = 2

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Substituting into Equations
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5) A specific board game involves accumulating points. The first person to 20 points wins.

In this game:
𝑃𝑃 is the number of points a player has.
ℎ is the number of houses built, and each house is worth 1 point.
𝐻𝐻 is the number of hotels built, and each hotel is worth 3 points.
𝑆𝑆 is the number of stadiums built, and each stadium is worth 5 points.

a) Use this points system to construct an equation for the number of points a player has.

𝑃𝑃 = 1ℎ + 3𝐻𝐻 + 5𝑆𝑆

b) If I’ve built a stadium and 3 hotels, how many houses do I need to reach 20 points?

𝑃𝑃 = ℎ + 3𝐻𝐻 + 5𝑆𝑆
20 = ℎ + 3 × 3 + 5 × 1
=ℎ+9+5
= ℎ + 14

ℎ = 20 − 14
=6
So I need 6 houses to reach 20 points.

6) The same game as in Question 5 now has an extra rule.

“2 points will be deducted each time you pick up a card which causes an earthquake.”

a) Write down the new equation for the number of points a player has, where 𝐸𝐸 is the number of earthquake
cards.
𝑃𝑃 = 1ℎ + 3𝐻𝐻 + 5𝑆𝑆 − 2𝐸𝐸

b) How many hotels do I need to reach 20 points if I have 5 houses, 1 stadium, and 1 earthquake card?

𝑃𝑃 = ℎ + 3𝐻𝐻 + 5𝑆𝑆 − 2𝐸𝐸

20 = 5 + 3𝐻𝐻 + 5 × 1 − 2 × 1
= 5 + 3𝐻𝐻 + 5 − 2
= 8 + 3𝐻𝐻

20 − 8 = 3𝐻𝐻
12 = 3𝐻𝐻
4 = 𝐻𝐻

7) A business’s income is dependent on a number of factors. In the equation below:

𝑃𝑃 is the business’s profit (in $),
𝐸𝐸 is the number of employees,
𝑈𝑈 is the cost of utilities,
𝐶𝐶 is the number of customers, and
𝑇𝑇 is the number of trucks needed to transport the product.

𝑃𝑃 = 800𝐶𝐶 − 200𝐸𝐸 − 𝑈𝑈 − 220𝑇𝑇

a) How many dollars does the business receive for each customer?
The business receives $800 for each customer, because their profit increases by $800 each time 𝐶𝐶 is
increased in the equation above.

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b) Explain why some of the terms have negative signs.
The terms that have negative signs are costs.
For example: The more trucks hired, the more money they spend on those trucks, and the less money they
keep as profit.
Things that cost money detract from the overall profit of the company.

c) If the business makes $8,000 profit, employs 5 people, uses 10 trucks, and has 15 customers, how much is it
paying for utilities?
𝑃𝑃 = 800𝐶𝐶 − 200𝐸𝐸 − 𝑈𝑈 − 220𝑇𝑇
8,000 = 800 × 15 − 200 × 5 − 𝑈𝑈 − 220 × 10
= 12,000 − 1,000 − 𝑈𝑈 − 2,200
= 8,800 − 𝑈𝑈

8,000 + 𝑈𝑈 = 8,800 − 𝑈𝑈 + 𝑈𝑈
𝑈𝑈 = 8,800 − 8,000
= 800
The business is paying $800 for utilities.
d) If the business makes $10,000 profit, has 20 customers, hires 12 trucks, and spends $1,760 on utilities, how
many people is it employing?
𝑃𝑃 = 800𝐶𝐶 − 200𝐸𝐸 − 𝑈𝑈 − 220𝑇𝑇
10,000 = 800 × 20 − 200 × 𝐸𝐸 − 1,760 − 220 × 12
= 16,000 − 200𝐸𝐸 − 1,760 − 2,640
= 11,600 − 200𝐸𝐸

10,000 + 200𝐸𝐸 = 11,600 − 200𝐸𝐸 + 200𝐸𝐸

200𝐸𝐸 = 11,600 − 10,000
= 1,600

200𝐸𝐸 1,600
=
200 200
𝐸𝐸 = 8
The business is employing 8 people.

e) If the business makes $2,500 profit, employs 20 people, uses 15 trucks, and spends $1,400 on utilities, how
many customers does it have?
𝑃𝑃 = 800𝐶𝐶 − 200𝐸𝐸 − 𝑈𝑈 − 220𝑇𝑇
2,500 = 800𝐶𝐶 − 200 × 20 − 1,400 − 220 × 15
= 800𝐶𝐶 − 4,000 − 1,400 − 3,300
= 800𝐶𝐶 − 8,700

2,500 = 800𝐶𝐶 − 8,700

2,500 + 8,700 = 800𝐶𝐶
11,200 = 800𝐶𝐶

800𝐶𝐶 11,200
=
800 800
𝐶𝐶 = 14
The business has 14 customers.

f) If the company is spending $1,000 on employees, how many people is it employing?

Each employee costs the company $200.
Thus,
200𝐸𝐸 = 1,000
200𝐸𝐸 1,000
=
200 200
𝐸𝐸 = 5

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