PROGRAM TITLE: PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE

UNIT TITLE: UNIT 3 PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE

ASSIGNMENT NUMBER: 01

ASSIGNMENT NAME: ASSIGNMENT 1

SUBMISSION DATE: DECEMBER 7th, 2020

DATE RECEIVED: NOVEMBER 30th, 2020

TUTORIAL LECTURER: DANG DINH CONG

WORD COUNT: 5901

STUDENT NAME : NGO THI NGAN HA

STUDENT ID: BKC19100

MOBILE NUMBER: 0349685127

1
Summative Feedback:

Internal verification:

2
Table of Contents
I. Introduction………………………………………………………5
II. Communication skills ……………………………………………6
1. Definition of communication skills………………………………6
2. Importance of having strong communication skills ……………...9
3. Verbal communication…………………………………………...9
3.1. Definition of verbal communication………………………..9
3.2. Some example of verbal communication skills (Source:
theblancecareer.com) …………………..……………………….10
4. Non-verbal communication A……………………………………10
4.1. Definition of non-verbal communication skills…………..11
4.2. Some tips for better non-verbal communication skills…...11
III. Time management skills……………………………………….14
1. Definition of time management skills………………………….14
2. Importance of time management skills (Source: Indeed.com)…..15
3. Example of planning a training event (Orientation event for
students)……………………………………………………………..15
3.1. Personnel.………………………………………………….16
3.2. Goals of the training event ..……………………………...16
3.3 . Participant……….………………………………………….16
3.4. Time duration: 1 days ……………………………………16
3.5. Location ………………………………………………..16
3.6. Plan ……………………………………………………...16

3
IV. Problem-solving………………………………………………….19
1. Definition of problem-solving ……………………………….19
2. Importance of having the problem-solving ability ……………..19
3. How Problem-solving skills work (by thebalancecareers.com)
…………………………………………………………………...20
3.1. Analyze Contributing Factors……………………………20
3.2. Generate Interventions…………………………………...20
3.3. Evaluate Solutions……………………………………….20
3.4. Implement a Plan……………………………………...21
3.5. Assess the Solution's Effectiveness……………………...21
V. Critical reasoning………………………………………………...22
1. Definition of critical reasoning…………………………………..22
2. Importance of Critical reasoning (Source: uopeople.edu.com) ….22
VI. Conclusion……………………………………………………….23
VII. References……………………………………………………….23

4
I. Introduction
I would like to express my gratitude to my assessor Mr.Cong for the useful comments, examples
and engagement through the learning process. The success and the final outcome of this
assignment required a lot of guidance and example from assessor and I am extremely fortunate to
have got this all along the completion of my assignment work.
I am really thankful to my classmates make the way to learn properly. I am really grateful
because I managed to complete this assignment within the time given by my lecturer. This
assignment cannot be completed without the effort and co-operation from my class mates. They
help me in my confuse and spend some time with me to make me clear . This document is
written for soft skill training purposes. It is about the skills an individual needs to be more
successful in life and career. Have you ever wondered why some people can be able to be
productive and so successful in life more than others? It is because they have skills that help
them to be successful. Those skills are divided into soft-skill and technical-skill. The technical-
skill set can be different from each job, but the soft skill is the same for everyone. This document
is written to show you how to achieve those soft skills and use them to get promotes in your
career whatever it is.
This document is divided into seven main parts. The first part is the Introduction you are reading.
The next part is the Communication skills. After that, in the part third, we will learn about Time
management skills and an example of creating an event. The fourth part is about Problem-
solving-skills. Next is Critical reasoning in the fifth part. The sixth part is the conclusion. And
the last part is the References where I point out the source that I have used in this document.

5
Learning Outcome 1: Demonstrate a range of interpersonal and
transferable communication skills to a target audience
P1. Demonstrate, using different communication styles and formats, that you can
effectively design and deliver a training event for a given target audience.
II. Communication skills
1.Definition of communication skills
Communication skills are abilities you use when giving and receiving different kinds of
information. While these skills may be a regular part of your day-to-day work life,
communicating in a clear, effective and efficient way is an extremely special and useful
skill. Learning from great communicators around you and actively practicing ways to
improve your communications over time will certainly support your efforts to achieve
various personal and professional goals.
Communication skills involve listening, speaking, observing and empathizing. It is also
helpful to understand the differences in how to communicate through face-to-face
interactions, phone conversations and digital communications, like email and social media.
Some examples of communication skills:
1 .Active listening
Active listening means paying attention to the person who is communicating with you.
People who are active listeners are well-regarded by their coworkers because of the respect
they pay to those around them. While it seems simple, this is a skill that can be challenging
to develop and improve. You can be an active listener by focusing on the speaker, avoiding
distractions like cell phones, laptops or other projects, and by preparing questions,
comments or ideas to thoughtfully respond.
One great way to be a better listener is to focus on what people you’re interacting with are
actually saying. In addition to the content of their communications, you should also pay
attention to their facial expressions, body language and tone. Instead of preparing what you
will say next, simply take in what they are saying. If you need a moment to digest what
they’ve communicated, simply ask them for a moment to think and prepare a thoughtful
response
Read more: Active Listening Skills: Definition and Examples
2. Adapting your communication style to your audience
Different styles of communication are appropriate in different situations. To make the best
use of your communication skills, it’s important to consider your audience and the most
effective format to communicate with them in.

6
For example, if you are communicating with a potential employer, it may be better to send
a formal email or call them on the phone. Depending on the situation, you may even need
to send a formal, typed letter over other forms of communication. In the workplace, you
may find it’s easier to communicate complex information in person or via a video
conference than in a long, dense email.
Read more: 4 Different Ways to Communicate Effectively in the Workplace
3. Friendliness
Friendly characteristics such as honesty and kindness can help foster trust and
understanding. The same characteristics are important in workplace relationships. When
you’re working with others, approach your interactions with a positive attitude, keep an
open mind and ask questions to help you understand where they’re coming from. Small
gestures such as asking someone how they’re doing, smiling as they speak or offering
praise for work well done can help you foster productive relationships with both colleagues
and managers.
It is also a friendly gesture to remember details about conversations you’ve had with
colleagues. For example, if a colleague tells you their child’s birthday is soon and you
connect with them again later, you might ask them how their child’s birthday celebrations
went.
4. Confidence
In the workplace, people are more likely to respond to ideas that are presented with
confidence. There are many ways to appear confident, including by making eye contact
when you’re addressing someone, sitting up straight with your shoulders open and
preparing ahead of time so your thoughts are polished and you’re able to answer any
questions. Confident communication comes in handy not just on the job but also during the
job interview process.
Related: 11 Tips for Improving Confidence at Work .
5. Giving and receiving feedback
Strong communicators are able to accept critical feedback and provide constructive input
to others. Feedback should answer questions, provide solutions or help strengthen the
project or topic at hand. Providing and accepting feedback is an essential workplace skill,
as it can help both you and the people around you make meaningful improvements to their
work and their professional development.
A great way to learn how to give feedback is to take notes from others on the feedback
they offer you. When you come across a well-explained piece of feedback, take some time
to observe and analyze why it was good, why it resonated with you and how you might
apply those skills in the future.
Related: 8 Tips for Giving Useful Performance Feedback (With Examples)
6. Volume and clarity

7
When you’re speaking, it’s important to be clear and audible. Adjusting your speaking
voice so you can be heard in a variety of settings is a skill, and it’s critical to
communicating effectively. Speaking too loudly may be disrespectful or awkward in
certain settings. If you’re unsure, read the room to see how others are communicating.
Another aspect of verbal communication is vocalics and tonality. This involves the way in
which your tone moves up and down, your pitch, your accent pattern and the spaces you
place between phrases. Such details can be effective in communicating emotions and offer
your audience insights into how your message should be interpreted (whether you realize it
or not).
7. Empathy
Having empathy means that you can not only understand, but also share in the emotions of
others. This communication skill is important in both team and one-on-one settings. In both
cases, you will need to understand other people’s emotions and select an appropriate
response. For example, if someone is expressing anger or frustration, empathy can help
you acknowledge and diffuse their emotion. At the same time, being able to understand
when someone is feeling positive and enthusiastic can help you get support for your ideas
and projects.
Related: How to Be Empathetic in the Workplace
8. Respect
A key aspect of respect is knowing when to initiate communication and respond. In a team
or group setting, allowing others to speak without interruption is seen as a necessary
communication skill tied to respectfulness. Respectfully communicating also means using
your time with someone else wisely—staying on topic, asking clear questions and
responding fully to any questions you’ve been asked.
Related: How to Treat Others with Respect in the Workplace
9. Understanding nonverbal cues
A great deal of communication happens through nonverbal cues such as body language,
facial expressions and eye contact. When you’re listening to someone, you should be
paying attention to what they’re saying as well as their nonverbal language. By the same
measure, you should be conscious of your own body language when you’re communicating
to ensure you’re sending appropriate cues to others.
Related: Examples of Nonverbal Communication in the Workplace
10. Responsiveness
Whether you’re returning a phone call or sending a reply to an email, fast communicators
are viewed as more effective than those who are slow to respond. One method is to
consider how long your response will take: is this a request or question you can answer in
the next five minutes? If so, it may be a good idea to address it as soon as you see it. If it’s
a more complex request or question, you can still acknowledge that you’ve received the

8
 message and let the other person know you will respond in full later.2.Importance of
having strong communication skills

Figure 1: Communication

2.Importance of having strong communication skills

By some examples above, you might see how important communication skills are in our
life. However, to be specific, here are the values of communication skills:

❖ Valued in the workplace: Having a strong set of communication skills will make
your value increase so much in the eyes of your employers and colleagues. It allows you to
listen to others and show interest in what they say, dealing with problems, work more
efficiently, express opinions, or ask questions. In the long run, it will help you climb the
career ladder easier, and get you the respect from other people.

❖ Creating better relationships: With good communication skills, you will be able to
improve your relationship with your employers, employees, and your personal life
relationships. By listening carefully and offering quality feedback helps people around you
feel heard and understood.

❖ In demand by businesses: We all know something about businesses, it is a large

field requiring a lot of, you guessed it, communication. Being an employer or a
businessman/woman will require a lot of communication. You will need it to bargain,
discuss, and lead people to work efficiently.
3. Verbal communication
3.1. Definition of verbal communication
Verbal communication is the use of words to send information to other people. It consists
of both spoken communication and written communication. Verbal communication is a
two-part process, it requires a speaker (or writer) to transmit the message, and a listener (or
reader) to receive and understand the message. And it is important to keep in mind that
effective verbal communication can not be fully isolated from non-verbal communication.

9
3.2. Some example of verbal communication skills .

❖ Verbal Communication in a team: Every team needs good communication to be

successful to finish the tasks.
 Conveying messages concisely
 Encouraging reluctant group members to share input
 Explaining a difficult situation without getting angry
 Explaining that you need assistance
 Paraphrasing to show understanding
 Posing probing questions to elicit more detail about specific issues
 Receiving criticism without defensiveness
 Refraining from speaking too often or interrupting others
 Requesting feedback
 Stating your needs, wants, or feelings without criticizing or blaming

❖ Verbal Communication with Clients: If your work requires one-to-one meetings with
customers, then having strong verbal communication skills will help.
o Anticipating the concerns of others,
o Asking for clarification.
o Asking open-ended questions to stimulate dialogue.
o Calming and agitated customers by recognizing and responding to their complaints.
o Emphasizing the benefits of a product, service, or proposal to persuade an individual or
group.
o Noticing non-verbal cues and responding verbally to verify confusion, defuse anger…

❖Verbal Communication for Presenter: Presentation requires the context shown in both
words and visual form, that is why verbal communication skills are needed for a presenter.
o Enunciating each word, you speak clearly
o Introducing the focus of a topic at the beginning of a presentation or interaction
o Planning communications before delivery
o Projecting your voice to fill the room
o Providing concrete examples to illustrate points
o Restating important points towards the end of a talk
o Selecting language appropriate to the audience
o Speaking at a moderate pace, not too fast or too slowly
o Speaking confidently but with modesty
o Summarizing key points made by other speakers
o Supporting statements with facts and evidence
o Tailoring messages to different audiences
o Telling stories to capture an audience
o Using humor to engage an audience

10
4. Non-verbal communication
4.1. Definition of non-verbal communication skills
Nonverbal communication is the transfer of information through the use of body language
including eye contact, facial expressions, gestures and more. For example, smiling when
you meet someone conveys friendliness, acceptance and openness. Everyone uses
nonverbal communication all the time whether they know it or not. Nonverbal
communication is dependent on seeing and analyzing physical movements as opposed to
verbal communication, or the use of language to transfer information through written text,
speaking or sign language

Figure 2: Non-verbal communication (https://encryptedtbn0.gstatic.com/images?

q=tbn:ANd9GcQbqaBy8ZHr7Tgk6SxY8cUXpIV36JoihqUSLA&usqp=CAU).

4.2.Some tips for better non-verbal communication skills

Strong communication skills can help you in both your personal and professional life.
While verbal and written communication skills are important, research has shown that
nonverbal behaviors make up a large percentage of our daily interpersonal communication.
How can you improve your nonverbal communication skills? The following tips can help
you learn to read the nonverbal signals of other people and enhance your own ability to
communicate effectively.
 Pay Attention to Nonverbal Signals
Man smiling and shaking hands with a woman at a conference table
David Lees / Taxi / Getty Images
People can communicate information in numerous ways, so pay attention to things like eye
contact, gestures, posture, body movements, and tone of voice. All of these signals can
convey important information that is not put into words.
By paying closer attention to other people's unspoken behaviors, you will improve your
own ability to communicate nonverbally

11
 Look for Incongruent Behaviors
Woman smiling and talking with her hands
Sam Edwards / Caiaimage / Getty Images
If someone's words do not match their nonverbal behaviors, you should pay careful
attention. For example, someone might tell you they are happy while frowning and staring
at the ground.
When words fail to match up with nonverbal signals, people tend to ignore what has been
said and focus instead on unspoken expressions of moods, thoughts, and emotions. So
when someone says one thing but their body language suggests something else, it can be
useful to pay extra attention to those subtle nonverbal cues.
 Focus on Tone of Voice
Two women talking and smiling
Seb Oliver / Cultura / Getty Images
Your tone of voice can convey a wealth of information, ranging from enthusiasm to
disinterest to anger. Tone can be an effective way to amplify your message
Start noticing how your tone of voice affects how others respond to you and try using your
tone to emphasize ideas that you want to communicate.
For example, if you want to show genuine interest in something, express your enthusiasm
by using an animated tone of voice. Such signals not only convey your feelings about a
topic; they can also help generate interest in the people listening to you speak.
 Use Good Eye Contact
Two businesswomen talking and making eye contact
zoranm / E+ / Getty Images
Good eye contact is another essential nonverbal communication skill. When people fail to
look others in the eye, it can seem as if they are evading or trying to hide something. On
the other hand, too much eye contact can seem confrontational or intimidating.
While eye contact is an important part of communication, it's important to remember that
good eye contact does not mean staring fixedly into someone's eyes. How can you tell how
much eye contact is appropriate?1
Some communication experts recommend intervals of eye contact lasting four to five
seconds. Effective eye contact should feel natural and comfortable for both you and the
person with whom you are speaking.
 Ask Questions
Woman smiling and resting her head on her hand
Peopleimages / E+ / Getty Images

12
 If you are confused about another person's nonverbal signals, don't be afraid to ask
questions. A good idea is to repeat back your interpretation of what has been said and ask
for clarification. Some examples of this:
"So what you are saying is that..."
"Do you mean that we should..."
"What I'm hearing is that you think..."
Sometimes simply asking such questions can lend a great deal of clarity to a situation.
For example, a person might be giving off certain nonverbal signals because they have
something else on their mind. By inquiring further into their message and intent, you might
get a better idea of what they are really trying to say.2
 Use Signals to Add Meaning
Woman writing notes on a whiteboard while giving a presentation
laflor / E+ / Getty Images
Remember that verbal and nonverbal communication work together to convey a message.
You can improve your spoken communication by using body language that reinforces and
supports what you are saying. This can be especially useful when making presentations or
when speaking to a large group of people.
For example, if your goal is to appear confident and prepared during a presentation, you
will want to focus on sending nonverbal signals that ensure that others see you as self-
assured and capable. You can strike a self-confident stance by:

Standing firmly in one place

Keeping your shoulders back
Keeping your weight balanced on both feet
 Look at Signals as a Whole
Man talking with his hands
Bloom Productions / Digital Vision / Getty Images
Another important part of good nonverbal communication skills involves being able to take
a more holistic approach to what a person is communicating. A single gesture can mean
any number of things, or maybe even nothing at all.3
The key to accurately reading nonverbal behavior is to look for groups of signals that
reinforce a common point. If you place too much emphasis on just one signal out of many,
you might come to an inaccurate conclusion about what a person is trying to say.
 Consider the Context

13
 Man and woman having a conversation in an office
Klaus Vedfelt / Taxi / Getty Images
When you are communicating with others, always consider the situation and the context in
which the communication occurs. Some situations require more formal behaviors that
might be interpreted very differently in any other setting.
Consider whether or not nonverbal behaviors are appropriate for the context. If you are
trying to improve your own nonverbal communication, concentrate on ways to make your
signals match the level of formality necessitated by the situation.
For example, the body language and nonverbal communication you utilize at work are
probably very different from the sort of signals you would send on a casual Friday night
out with friends. Strive to match your nonverbal signals to the situation to ensure that you
are conveying the message you really want to send.4
 Be Aware That Signals Can be Misread
Men shaking hands
PhotoAlto / Ale Ventura / Getty Images
According to some, a firm handshake indicates a strong personality while a weak
handshake is taken as a lack of fortitude. This example illustrates an important point about
the possibility of misreading nonverbal signals. A weak handshake might actually indicate
something else entirely, such as arthritis.
Always remember to look for groups of behavior. A person's overall demeanor is far more
telling than a single gesture viewed in isolation.
 Practice, Practice, Practice Man holding up photos of himself with different facial
expressions mammamaart / Vetta / Getty Images
Some people just seem to have a knack for using nonverbal communication effectively and
correctly interpreting signals from others. These people are often described as being able to
"read people."5
In reality, nonverbal communication is a skill you can improve. You can build this skill by
paying careful attention to nonverbal behavior and practicing different types of nonverbal
communication with others.
By noticing nonverbal behavior and practicing your own skills, you can dramatically
improve your communication abilities.

III. Time management skills

P2 . Demonstrate that you have used effective time management skills in
planning an event
1 .Definition of time management skills

14
 Time management skills include a variety of skills that will help you manage your time
well. Some of the most important time management skills include:

2.Importance of time management skills

 Organization : Staying organized can help you maintain a clear picture of what
you need to complete and when. Being well-organized might mean maintaining an up-to-
date calendar, being able to locate certain documents easily, having a tidy environment and
taking detailed, diligent notes.

 Prioritization : Assessing each of your responsibilities for priority is key in being

a good time manager. There are many ways to prioritize what you need to accomplish. You
might decide to complete fast, simple items followed by longer, more involved ones.
Alternatively, you might prioritize your tasks starting with the most time-sensitive, or a
combination of both.

 Goal-setting : Setting goals is the first step to becoming a good time manager.
Goal-setting allows you to clearly understand your end goal and what exactly you need to
prioritize to accomplish it. Setting both short and long-term goals can lead to success in
your career.

 Communication : Developing strong communication skills can allow you to make

your plans and goals clear to people you work with. It also allows you to delegate, which
lets you focus on completing the most important, relevant tasks that align with your goals.

 Planning : A fundamental part of time management is planning. Being efficient in

planning out your day, meetings and how you will accomplish things will help you stick to
your schedule.
 Delegation : Being a good time manager means only completing work that will
help you and your company accomplish goals. While this skill is most often done by
managers, you can also practice delegating tasks if you are managing a project. While it
can often be difficult to say “no” when someone asks you to do something at work, it is
important to practice having boundaries to manage your time well and ultimately
accomplish your goals.

 Stress management : When practicing good time management, you should also be
attentive to your mental health. Handling stress in a positive way can help you stay
motivated and perform well when going through your schedule. You might do this by
including small breaks throughout your day, or by rewarding yourself in small ways as you
accomplish tasks.

15
 Taking time to develop each of these skills will help you organize your daily work,
whether you are in a job, searching for a job or trying to develop a new competency.

3. Example of planning a training event (Diploma award event for course

9 students)
3.1. Personnel

❖Ngô Thị Ngân Hà (Nhóm trưởng)

❖ Hoàng thị Hồng Phương

❖ nguyễn thị thùy lan

❖ Nguyễn Thị Tú Oanh

❖ Đàm Tâm Nhi

❖ Mai Ngọc Đức

3.3. The people join

❖ Management team

❖ Student class K9

❖ Teachers

❖ The owner of the ceremony

❖ Guest speakers and guests

3.4. Time duration: 1 days
3.5. Location
Hall 218, house A17 Polytechnic Institute of Information Technology
3.6. Plan
AGENDA GRADUATION CEREMONY k9: "REPLY 2017"
Time Contents Contents Implementing
agencies
7:00 – 7:30 Focus all personnel, Receptionist changed Reception team
set up clothes and brought
all supplies to enter
the position at the 2
check-in desks:
Check-in; Pen
Reception team
prepare:
-100 equals

16
 - 3 trays + 3 tray
linens
- 2 barrels of water
- Flower bowl
podium 1, flower
bouquet 1
- 100 Roses
8:00 – 8:30 Welcoming guests Receptionist: 4 you Team receptionist
wear ao dai and ministry
- Reception desk
check in 2 friends
(wearing ao dai)
standing at door B of
BKHUP: welcome
guests and invite
guests + Students
enter
Instructions for
customers to sit full
from inside to
outside from top to
bottom
Get the name of the
list of K9 Students in
order from right to
left, top to bottom
after having enough
list, the ministry
department arranged
in the case and
arranged in the
correct order of
students. -Ministry
-Playing TVC of the
year, Clip BKACAD
- Tech
START THE PROGRAM
8:30 – 8:35 Arts 2: Dance - Preparatory dance Mss.Ha Tech
boiling team - Mr.Thanh
-Prepare music -
Tech
8:40 – 8:50 MC welcomes, Prepare guest music Tech
declares the reason, - Tech
introduces Mc introduces
BKACAD and Prepare background
introduces guests music for guests to
say whoever's name
is on and the music

17
 pops
8:50 - 8:55 Greetings from Mr. Mr.Tuan welcomes. Mr . Tuan NN Tech
Tuan - Director of End of speech the
the academy epic music emerged
8:55 – 9:00 Share thoughts on Prepare Trang - Mr.Phuong DT
learning of K9 Mr.ThanhDT
student Prepare a bouquet -
representatives and receptionist
give flowers to the
Director of the
Academy after the
speech - Minh
Trang, Lecturer of
Programming
9:00 – 9:05 Share thoughts on Prepare Thao - Mss.Oanh DT
student activities of Mr.ThanhDT
K9 student Prepare a bouquet -
representatives and receptionist
present flowers to
the Director of the
Academy after the
speech - Phuong
Thao, President of
BKACAD Media
Club
9:05 – 9:10 Theater 3: Singing Tung Lam prepared - Mr.Duc
"That day you and I" Mr.Thanh
- Tung Lam Prepare Tech music
Prepare TVC videos
9:10 – 10:20 Award diploma - Prepare with and Mss.Nhi
flowers - Reception
- Arrange students in
the correct order in
the pre-existing list,
immediately notify
Mr.Thanh if there is
any change (missing
people ...) - Mission
- Guide students who
have completed their
diploma to return to
their previous
position - Missionary
- Mr. Hung awarded
a Graduate Diploma
of Quang Tri Mang
- Mr. Tuan awarded
graduate degree in IT

18
 10:20 – 10:30 Take a picture MC announced Tech
ending
Play vibrant music to
take pictures

Learning Outcome 2: Apply critical reasoning and thinking to a

range of problem-solving scenarios.
P3. Demonstrate the use of different problemsolving techniques in the design
and delivery of an event .

IV. Problem-solving
Problem solving is the act of defining a problem; determining the cause of the problem;
identifying, prioritizing, and selecting alternatives for a solution; and implementing a
solution.

1. Define the problem

Diagnose the situation so that your focus is on the problem, not just its symptoms. Helpful
problem-solving techniques include using flowcharts to identify the expected steps of a
process and cause-and-effect diagrams to define and analyze root causes.
The sections below help explain key problem-solving steps. These steps support the
involvement of interested parties, the use of factual information, comparison of
expectations to reality, and a focus on root causes of a problem. You should begin by:
 Reviewing and documenting how processes currently work (i.e., who does what, with what
information, using what tools, communicating with what organizations and individuals, in
what time frame, using what format).
 Evaluating the possible impact of new tools and revised policies in the development of
your "what should be" model.

2.Importance of having the problem-solving ability

❖ Problem-solving skills help you determine why an issue is happening and how to
resolve that issue.

❖ It is one of the key skills that employers seek in job applicants.

❖ Problem-solving starts with identifying the issue, coming up with solutions,

implementing those solutions, and evaluating their effectiveness.

❖ Since this is a skill that is important to most employers, put them front and center
on your resume, cover letter, and in interviews.

3.How Problem-solving skills work (by thebalancecareers.com)

19
3.1. Analyze Contributing Factors
To solve a problem, you must find out what caused it. This requires you to gather and
evaluate data, isolate possible contributing circumstances, and pinpoint what needs to be
addressed for a resolution.
To do this, you will use skills like:

❖ Data gathering

❖ Data analysis

❖ Fact-finding

❖ Historical analysis

3.2. Generate Interventions

Once you have determined the cause, brainstorm possible solutions. Sometimes this
involves teamwork since two (or more) minds are often better than one. A single strategy is
rarely the obvious route to solving a complex problem; devising a set of alternatives helps
you cover your bases and reduces your risk of exposure should the first strategy you
implement fail.
This involves skills like:

❖ Brainstorming

❖ Creative thinking

❖ Prediction

❖ Forecasting

❖ Project design

❖ Project planning

3.3. Evaluate Solutions

Depending on the nature of the problem and your chain of command, evaluating the best
solutions may be performed by assigned teams, team leads or forwarded to corporate
decision-makers. Whoever makes the decision must evaluate potential costs, required
resources, and possible barriers to successful solution implementation.
This requires several skills, including:

❖ Analysis

20
 ❖ Discussion

❖ Corroboration

❖ Teamwork

❖ Test development

❖ Mediation

❖ Prioritizing

3.4. Implement a Plan

Once a course of action has been decided, it must be implemented along with benchmarks
that can quickly and accurately determine whether it’s working. Plan implementation also
involves letting personnel know about changes in standard operating procedures.
This requires skills like:

❖ Project management

❖ Project implementation

❖ Collaboration

❖ Time management

❖ Benchmark development

3.5. Assess the Solution's Effectiveness

Once a solution is implemented, the best problem-solvers have systems in place to evaluate
if and how quickly it is working. This way, they know as soon as possible whether the
issue has been resolved or whether they will have to change their response to the problem
mid-stream.
This requires:

❖ Communication

❖ Data analysis

❖ Surveys

❖ Customer feedback

❖ Follow-through

❖ Troubleshooting
21
P4. Demonstrate critical reasoning has been applied to a given solution.
V.Critical reasoning
1.Definition of critical reasoning
Critical reasoning involves the ability to actively and skillfully conceptualize, analyze,
question and evaluate ideas and beliefs. Critical reasoning is the opposite of dogma.
Dogma is unquestioned information — information that is embraced without the
intervention of active thought or criticism. To reason critically is to question the ideas and
beliefs of others and oneself and to challenge dogma and authority.
When we start to question the ideas and beliefs we live by, we start to think for ourselves.
To think for ourselves involves a critical attitude of reflecting upon how we think and act.
To think critically is to question the world and thus to engage critically with the
possibilities and alternatives which the world offers.
Please note that the terms “critical reasoning”, “critical thinking” and “clear thinking” are
used interchangeably in this discussion. In other words, critical reasoning implies critical
thinking or clear thinking.

2.Importance of Critical reasoning (Source:WikiEducator)

We think critical reasoning involves three important components of reasoning. These
components are as follows:

Critical reasoning is thinking for yourself.

Critical reasoning is informed reasoning.
Critical reasoning is critical self-reflection.
Critical reasoning is about arguments: their construction, analysis and evaluation. It is
therefore important to understand what we mean by the term “argument”. The term
“argument” can be used in three different senses:

a quarrel or fight between two or more people

a group of statements intended to establish the truth or acceptability of a claim
an exchange between two or more people who disagree with each other, in which each
person gives reasons to support his or her position.
To bring out the different senses of the term “argument”, consider the sentence:

The philosophy lecturer had an argument.

22
 If we use sense (1) above, the sentence might continue as follows:

The philosophy lecturer had an argument with a sociology lecturer in the local bar and was
taken to hospital.
If we use sense (2) above, the sentence might continue as follows:

The philosophy lecturer had an argument which, he claimed, established the truth of the
proposition “God exists”.
If we use sense (3) above, the sentence might continue as follows:

The philosophy lecturer had an argument with his colleagues after they disputed his claim
that God exists.
When we talk about an argument in critical reasoning, we do not use it in sense (1). That is,
we do not mean a quarrel between two persons. In critical reasoning, the term “argument”
is used in senses (2) and (3) only.

VI.Conclusion
Really, I was very happy to complete this exercise as I learned a lot while doing this
exercise and in addition, whatever I miss to understand in the instructors now with the help
of assignments. the case I understood. Also, now I have faith in doubts like how our work
career is, how can we manage that in different ways, The Life of how professional is. I got
some knowledge about the IT industries and how we can be the main people in that.
Throughout the thesis, I have used my abilities and knowledge in life and in school to show
you the knowledge of some self-improvement skills, it will be the skills you need. I read
more articles, websites to complete my report more diversified and complete, I researched
about real stories to make my report more accurate. To summarize the document. The four
main areas of soft skills you need to master to be more successful in life are
communication, time management, problem solving, and critical thinking. If you practice
those skills every day, you'll soon become a better employee.

VII.References
Ecamedia.edu ( December 7, 2020) Time Management Skills: Definition and Examples
[online].Availble at http://www.academia.edu/download/43887538/time-management-
article.pdf
https://www.thebalancecareers.com/problem-solving-skills-with-examples-2063764
(December 7 )What Are Problem-Solving Skills?
Definition & Examples of Problem-Solving Skills. https://www.indeed.com/career-
advice/resumes-cover-letters/problem-solving-skills

23
Theblancecareer.com (December 7, 2020) Verbal Communication Skills List and
Examples. https://www.thebalancecareers.com/verbal-communication-skills-list-2059698
Uopeople.edu.com Why Is Critical Thinking Important? A Survival Guide.[online]
Available at: https://www.uopeople.edu/blog/why-is-critical-thinking-important/

24