Ali Imtiaz 043 Psa Labs

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
Student Workbook
EE-02321 Power System Analysis
Updated by Course Mentor

Engr. Abdur Rehman Dr. Muhammad Rashad
Name # aLI iMTIAZ

Registration N0# BSEE 02183043
Section# (A)
Session# F18
Last Revision: February, 2020
1
LIST OF LAB EXPERIMENTS WITH CLOs & PLOs
EE02321: POWER SYSTEM ANALYSIS
CLO PLO
CLO Statement Domain Level
# Mapping
Investigate power flow and

faults of a power system based
CLO
on constructed nodal admittance Cognitive 5 PLO 4
5
and impedance matrices with
Matlab.
Make power system models on

CLO Power Trainers for symmetrical
Psychomotor 4 PLO 5
6 and unsymmetrical faults in
transmission lines.
2
Lab Related PLO
Lab Title
# CLO Mapping
Lab Evaluate operation of a single phase and three

CLO 5 PLO 4
1 phase power system with MATLAB/Simulink.
Demonstrate the voltage transformation ratio of

Lab a transformer at no-load and equivalent circuit
quantities based on the consumed active and CLO 6 PLO 5
2
reactive power.
Lab Evaluate Y-Bus Matrix of a three-bus system

CLO 5 PLO 4
3 (Algorithm) MATLAB.
Lab Evaluate the bus elimination of a 4-BUS system

CLO 5 PLO 4
4 with MATLAB.
Lab Evaluate the Z bus Matrix of an existing four-

CLO 5 PLO 4
5 bus system (Case 1 & 2) with MATLAB.
Lab Evaluate the Z bus Matrix of an existing four-

CLO 5 PLO 4
6 bus system (Case 3 & 4) with MATLAB.
Lab Determine the load flow of power system with

CLO 5 PLO 4
7 Gauss-Seidel method.
Lab Determine the load flow of power system with

CLO 5 PLO 4
8 Newton-Raphson method.
Lab Determine the load flow of any power system

CLO 5 PLO 4
9 (Open-ended lab-I).
Lab Demonstrate the current and voltage ratios of a

CLO 6 PLO 5
10 line during a three-phase short-circuit.
3
Demonstrate the zero-sequence impedance of
Lab
an overhead line model with measurement CLO 6 PLO 5
11
techniques.
Demonstrate the zero-sequence impedance of

Lab
the three-phase transformer with various CLO 6 PLO 5
12
connection modes.
Make power system model for the

Lab
demonstration of fault current in line to ground CLO 6 PLO 5
13
fault.

Lab
demonstration of fault current in line to line CLO 6 PLO 5
14
fault.

Lab
demonstration of fault current in double line to CLO 6 PLO 5
15
ground fault.
Determine the types of fault and its

Lab
characteristics of any Power System (Open- CLO 5 PLO 4
16
ended lab-II).
Department of Electrical Engineering – The University of Lahore, Lahore
4
Lab - 1: Evaluate operation of a single phase and three phase power
system with MATLAB/Simulink.
Equipment:
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Pre Lab Preparation:
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Procedure:
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Tasks:
1: Evaluate a-b, a*b, a/b and a ^ b
2: Evaluate a.*b, a. /b, a. ^b
3: Find out the difference between a*b and a.*b
5
4: Construct a matrix having order 5 by 5 and then answer the following questions following
questions
(a) What is the size of the array?
(b) What is the value of the array(4,1)?
(c) What is the size and value of array( : , 1 : 2 )?
(d) array(3,:)
(e) array(:,3)
(f) array(1:2:3,[3 3 4])
(g) array([1 1],:)
Observation and Results:
6
Task.
Make the following Circuit in Simulink MATLAB and find the designated current and voltage
using scope.
7
Learning Outcomes:
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8
Questions:
*
1. Measure the voltage and current measurement of a three phase power system.
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2. Evaluate the circuit with inductive load and observe voltage, current etc.
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9
3. Evaluate the circuit using RLC load and note down your observation.
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10
GENERALIZED LAB RUBRICS
Weight
Compone U Scor
Domai Excellent Good Average Poor /100
nt with se e (1-
n (4) (3) (2) (1) (Optiona
Taxonomy d 4)
l)
Is able to build a given

setup neatly and timely Is able to assemble a Is only able to Is not able to
(Hardware)
using correct hardware given setup using copy a given assemble a given
Building
components and / or correct hardware setup using setup using correct ☐

Psychomotor
can reorganize / adapt components after correct hardware hardware

to new / special minor revisions components components
requirements
Is only able to
Measurem
Recording
(Hardware
Is able to record Is able to record Is unable to record

record accurate
☐
ents
accurate measurements accurate measurements accurate

measurements on
)
all the time most of the time measurements

some occasions
Is only able to
Measurem
Recording
(Software)

record accurate
☐
ents

measurements on
some occasions
Is partially able
Is able to formulate/ Is mostly able to Is only able to
to evaluate
Investigation
conclude correctly evaluate /conclude comprehend the

/conclude
about all the correctly about required
correctly about ☐
investigation investigation investigation
investigation
parameters by assessing parameters by parameters but fails
parameters by
data assessing data to investigate them
assessing data
Is able to understand
Development of
Is able to design / Is able to design / Is able to design the problem

Cognitive
Solution
Design /
develop the complete develop almost / develop partial however completely

☐
solution of a given complete solution of a solution of a fails to design /
problem given problem given problem develop the solution
of a given problem
Is partially able
to use the
software tool
Is adept in the use of Is able to use the
Software Usage
features for the Is able to launch the

software tool and can software tool by
required software and hardly
access all the required accessing almost all
solution. uses any required ☐
features for the required the required features of
Requires features for the
solution with no the software tool with
assistance for the given task
assistance at all little assistance
features used in
the previous
tasks as well.
Component Weight
Excellent Good Average Poor Score
Domain with Used /100
(4) (3) (2) (1) (1-4)
Taxonomy (Optional)
Assesses and
Assesses and complies Assesses and Assesses and
Instructions
complies with
(PLO6)
with all EHS complies with some complies with few
Safety
most EHS ☐
instructions while in EHS instructions EHS instructions
instructions
lab while in lab in lab
while in lab
Exhibits
Does not exhibit
professional Makes an effort to
Exhibits exemplary professional ethics
Professional Ethics
ethics while exhibit professional

professional ethics while writing lab
writing lab ethics while writing
while writing lab reports and
(PLO8)
reports and lab reports and

reports and dealing dealing with ☐
dealing with dealing with fellow
with fellow students, fellow students,
fellow students, students, lab staff
lab staff and instructor lab staff and
lab staff and and instructor all the
all the time instructor all the
instructor all the time
time
time
Consistently
Consistently shows full Shows some
shows full
preparation by preparation which is Shows very little
Contribution
preparation by
completing all agreed mostly at superficial or no preparation
(PLO9)
completing all
tasks and provides level in completing a in completing a ☐
agreed tasks and
additional resources for task and work task and work
work requires
the group and work requires much quality is poor
little or no
quality is excellent revisions and editing
revisions
Affective
Consistent
Neither helpful nor
Internalized positive positive Discouraging
damaging and shows
Attitude
(PLO9)
behavior and behavior most of behavior towards

disinterest in the ☐
encourages and helps the time towards other team
performance of
other team members other team members
others
members
Report on all
relevant sections
Report on all
related to the lab
relevant sections
Report on all relevant tasks is
related to the lab
sections related to the completed but
Report Writing
tasks is completed Report on all

lab tasks is completed few deficiencies
but many relevant sections
(PLO10)
accurately, meeting the are present in

deficiencies are related to the lab ☐
requirements, in terms of
present in terms of tasks is not
prescribed time and accuracy /
accuracy / meeting completed
with good language meeting the
the requirements /
skills requirements /
prescribed time /
prescribed time /
good language skills
good language
skills
Does not manage

Managem
Manages tasks
Lab Task
(PLO11)
Manages tasks well Manages tasks in an tasks even in

within given ☐
ent
within given timeframe extended timeframe extended

timeframe
timeframes
Lab - : 3 Evaluate Y-Bus Matrix of a three-bus system (Algorithm)
MATLAB.
Equipment:
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Procedure:
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17
3 Bus Network:

MATLAB Code:
a=[1 2 0.02 0.04j;1 3 0.03 0.07j;2 3 0.04 0.05j]
left_node = a(:,1)
right_node = a(:,2)
branches=length(left_node)
admitance=1./(a(:,3)+a(:,4))
Y_bus=[0 0 0; 0 0 0; 0 0 0 ]
for i= 1:4
for j= 1:4
if (i==j)
for k= 1:3
if(left_node(k)==i)||(right_node(k)==j)
Y_bus(i,j)=Y_bus(i,j)+admitance(k)
end
end
end
end
end
%for non diagonal

for i= 1:4
for j= 1:4
if (i<=j)
18
for k= 1:3
if(left_node(k)==i)||(right_node(k)<=j)
Y_bus(i,j)=Y_bus(i,j)-admitance(k)
end
end
end
end
end
Learning Outcomes:
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Questions:
1. Determine a generic code for “n” number of buses.
19
2. Explain different logics to make the code concise.
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20
Component Weight
(4) (3) (2) (1) (1-4)
Taxonomy (Optional)

Is able to
setup neatly and timely Is not able to
assemble a given Is only able to copy
(Hardware)
using correct hardware assemble a given

Building
setup using a given setup using

components and / or setup using correct ☐
correct hardware correct hardware
Psychomotor
can reorganize / adapt hardware

components after components
to new / special components
minor revisions
requirements
Is able to record Is only able to

Measurem
Recording
(Hardware
Is able to record Is unable to record

accurate record accurate
☐
ents
accurate measurements accurate

measurements measurements on
)
all the time measurements

most of the time some occasions

Measurem
Recording
(Software)

☐
ents

Is mostly able to Is only able to

Is able to formulate/ Is partially able to
evaluate comprehend the
Investigation
conclude correctly evaluate /conclude

/conclude required
about all the correctly about
correctly about investigation ☐
investigation investigation
investigation parameters but
parameters by parameters by
parameters by fails to investigate
assessing data assessing data
assessing data them
Is able to
Development of
Is able to design understand the

Is able to design / Is able to design /
/ develop almost problem however
Solution
Design /
develop the complete develop partial

complete completely fails to ☐
solution of a given solution of a given
solution of a design / develop
problem problem
the solution of a
Cognitive
given problem
given problem
Is able to use the Is partially able to

Is adept in the use of software tool by use the software tool
Software Usage
Is able to launch
software tool and can accessing almost features for the
the software and
access all the required all the required required solution.
hardly uses any ☐
features for the features of the Requires assistance
required features
required solution with software tool for the features used
for the given task
no assistance at all with little in the previous tasks
assistance as well.
Is able to
Programming Language
Is able to
Is able to efficiently complete most
comprehend the
complete a given task of a given task
algorithm for the
using programming using required Is able to partially
required solution
language constructs / programming complete a given ☐
but fails to code in
methods / commands language task
required
and/or add features to constructs /
programming
the original task methods /
language
commands
18
Component Weight
(4) (3) (2) (1) (1-4)
Taxonomy (Optional)
Assesses and
Instructions
complies with
(PLO6)
Safety
most EHS ☐
instructions
while in lab
Exhibits
Does not exhibit
Professional Ethics

(PLO8)

time
time
Consistently
shows full
Contribution
preparation by
(PLO9)
completing all
agreed tasks and
work requires
little or no
Affective
revisions
Consistent Neither helpful nor

Internalized positive Discouraging
positive behavior damaging and shows
Attitude
(PLO9)
behavior and behavior towards

most of the time disinterest in the ☐
encourages and helps other team
towards other performance of
other team members members
team members others
Report on all
relevant sections
Report on all
related to the lab
relevant sections
related to the lab
Report Writing

(PLO10)

the requirements /
prescribed time /
prescribed time /
good language
skills
Does not manage

Managem
Manages tasks
Lab Task
(PLO11)

within given ☐
ent

timeframe
timeframes
19
Lab -4 : Evaluate the bus elimination of a 4-BUS system with
MATLAB.
Equipment
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
Procedure:
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
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22
BUS Network and Code.
Reactance Diagram.
Elimination of Bus No. 3 and Bus No2.

Code.
23
Learning Outcomes:
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
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24
Questions:
1. Evaluate the new Ybus matrix by using the Kron Reduction to remove faulty bus of any five bus
network..
Result:
2. Explain programming techniques to concise your code.
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25
Component Weight
(4) (3) (2) (1) (1-4)
Taxonomy (Optional)

Is able to
(Hardware)

Building

Psychomotor

minor revisions
requirements

Measurem
Recording
(Hardware

☐
ents

)


Measurem
Recording
(Software)

☐
ents


Investigation

/conclude required
assessing data them
Is able to
Development of

Solution
Design /

problem problem
the solution of a
Cognitive
given problem
given problem

Software Usage
Is able to launch
the software and
hardly uses any ☐
required features
for the given task
assistance as well.
Is able to
Is able to
comprehend the
algorithm for the
required solution
required
programming
language
commands
18
Component Weight
(4) (3) (2) (1) (1-4)
Taxonomy (Optional)
Assesses and
Instructions
complies with
(PLO6)
Safety
most EHS ☐
instructions
while in lab
Exhibits
Does not exhibit
Professional Ethics

(PLO8)

time
time
Consistently
shows full
Contribution
preparation by
(PLO9)
completing all
agreed tasks and
work requires
little or no
Affective
revisions

Attitude
(PLO9)

team members others
Report on all
relevant sections
Report on all
related to the lab
relevant sections
related to the lab
Report Writing

(PLO10)

the requirements /
prescribed time /
prescribed time /
good language
skills
Does not manage

Managem
Manages tasks
Lab Task
(PLO11)

within given ☐
ent

timeframe
timeframes
19
Lab -5: Evaluate the Z bus Matrix of an existing four-bus system
(Case 1 & 2) with MATLAB.
Equipment:
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
Pre lab Preparation:
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
Procedure:
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
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27
IMPEDANCE MATRIX:
Impedance matrix is a very important tool in power system analysis. Using this matrix we can find:
▪ Voltages at all buses when currents are given

▪ Currents at all buses when voltages are given
So it is very important that how to modify the bus impedance matrix when any new impedance is
add into the original system.
Suppose a power system with n-buses having the impedances matrix of order n*n:
There are four cases that can take place while adding new impedance Zb in the system:
▪ Adding Zb from a new bus-P to reference bus

▪ Adding Zb from a new bus-P to an existing bus-K
▪ Adding Zb from an existing bus-K to reference bus
▪ Adding Zb between two existing buses
Write MATLAB code for Case1 &2 .

CASE 1: Adding ‘Zb’ From a New Bus to Reference Bus
Observation and Results
28
Result:
29
CASE 2: Adding ‘Zb’ from a New Bus ‘P’ to an Existing Bus ‘K’:
Result:
Learning Outcomes:
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
30
Questions:
1- Determine the modified Zbus by MATLAB code for the above two cases on different power system
Results:
2- Determine a concise code by using different programing techniques
Code that is written to be "concise" or "clever" is often more difficult to refactor
and maintain. Write your code for human readability then refactor for
performance when necessary. Code should be short, concrete, and concentrated.
You can always explain your ideas with many words in the comments.
31
Component Weight
(4) (3) (2) (1) (1-4)
Taxonomy (Optional)

Is able to
(Hardware)

Building

Psychomotor

minor revisions
requirements

Measurem
Recording
(Hardware

☐
ents

)


Measurem
Recording
(Software)

☐
ents


Investigation

/conclude required
assessing data them
Is able to
Development of

Solution
Design /

problem problem
the solution of a
Cognitive
given problem
given problem

Software Usage
Is able to launch
the software and
hardly uses any ☐
required features
for the given task
assistance as well.
Is able to
Is able to
comprehend the
algorithm for the
required solution
required
programming
language
commands
18
Component Weight
(4) (3) (2) (1) (1-4)
Taxonomy (Optional)
Assesses and
Instructions
complies with
(PLO6)
Safety
most EHS ☐
instructions
while in lab
Exhibits
Does not exhibit
Professional Ethics

(PLO8)

time
time
Consistently
shows full
Contribution
preparation by
(PLO9)
completing all
agreed tasks and
work requires
little or no
Affective
revisions

Attitude
(PLO9)

team members others
Report on all
relevant sections
Report on all
related to the lab
relevant sections
related to the lab
Report Writing

(PLO10)

the requirements /
prescribed time /
prescribed time /
good language
skills
Does not manage

Managem
Manages tasks
Lab Task
(PLO11)

within given ☐
ent

timeframe
timeframes
19
Lab -6: Evaluate the Z bus Matrix of an existing four-bus system
(Case 3 & 4) with MATLAB.
Equipment:
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
Pre lab Preparation:
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
Procedure:
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
____________ ______________________________________________________
___ _ ______________________________________________________________
__ ________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
_ _________________________________________________________________
_ _________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
33
IMPEDANCE MATRIX:
Impedance matrix is a very important tool in power system analysis. Using this matrix we can find:
▪ Voltages at all buses when currents are given

▪ Currents at all buses when voltages are given
So it is very important that how to modify the bus impedance matrix when any new impedance is
add into the original system.
Suppose a power system with n-buses having the impedances matrix of order n*n:
There are four cases that can take place while adding a new impedance Zb in the system:
▪ Adding Zb from a new bus-P to reference bus

▪ Adding Zb from a new bus-P to an existing bus-K
▪ Adding Zb from an existing bus-K to reference bus
▪ Adding Zb between two existing buses
34
Observations and Results:
Write MATLAB code for Case3 &4.
CASE 3: Adding ‘Zb’ from an Existing Bus ‘K’ to Reference Bus
35
CASE‐4: Adding‘Zb’ Between Two Existing Buses:
36
Learning outcomes:
In this experiment we have learnt about that to evaluate the Z bus Matrix of
an existing four bus system ( case 3 and case 4).
Adding Zb from an existing bus-K to reference bus

Adding Zb between two existing buses
Questions:
1- Determine the modified Zbus by MATLAB code for the above two cases on different power system.
37
2- Determine a concise code by using different programing techniques.
38
Component Weight
(4) (3) (2) (1) (1-4)
Taxonomy (Optional)

Is able to
(Hardware)

Building

Psychomotor

minor revisions
requirements

Measurem
Recording
(Hardware

☐
ents

)


Measurem
Recording
(Software)

☐
ents


Investigation

/conclude required
assessing data them
Is able to
Development of

Solution
Design /

problem problem
the solution of a
Cognitive
given problem
given problem

Software Usage
Is able to launch
the software and
hardly uses any ☐
required features
for the given task
assistance as well.
Is able to
Is able to
comprehend the
algorithm for the
required solution
required
programming
language
commands
18
Component Weight
(4) (3) (2) (1) (1-4)
Taxonomy (Optional)
Assesses and
Instructions
complies with
(PLO6)
Safety
most EHS ☐
instructions
while in lab
Exhibits
Does not exhibit
Professional Ethics

(PLO8)

time
time
Consistently
shows full
Contribution
preparation by
(PLO9)
completing all
agreed tasks and
work requires
little or no
Affective
revisions

Attitude
(PLO9)

team members others
Report on all
relevant sections
Report on all
related to the lab
relevant sections
related to the lab
Report Writing

(PLO10)

the requirements /
prescribed time /
prescribed time /
good language
skills
Does not manage

Managem
Manages tasks
Lab Task
(PLO11)

within given ☐
ent

timeframe
timeframes
19
Lab -7: Determine the load flow of power system with Gauss-Seidel
method.
7.1 Equipment
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
7.2 Pre Lab Preparation:
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
7.3 Procedure:
__________________________________________________________________
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__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
40
__________________________________________________________________
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7.4 BUS Network and Code.
Observations and Results:

Code:
41
Results:
Part A: Part C:
Part B:
7.5 Learning Outcomes:

In this experiment we have learnt about that to evaluate the load flow of
power system with Gauss – Seidel method. Using Gauss - Seidel method,
the phasor values of the voltage at the load buses2 and 3 (P&Q buses)
accurate to four decimal places. The slack bus real and reactive power.
The line flows and line losses.
42
7.6 Questions:
1. Evaluate the line currents and losses.
Line current is current which is flowing through any line. Line voltage is potential
difference between two lines. Losses can vary significantly depending on the load
unbalance. System losses are calculated under various scenarios, from balanced
loads to the highest load unbalance allowed by the analyzed system.
2. Check the reduction in iteration by the use the acceleration factor.
For Gauss-Seidel load flow method, an acceleration factor normally
used to lead fast convergence as Gauss Seidel Method is an iterative
method and the acceleration factor Alpha is used for rapid convergence,
the effect of varying this factor on number of iterations and the error
magnitude was simulated in MATLAB environment that mentioned
also in its Appendix.
43
Component Weight
(4) (3) (2) (1) (1-4)
Taxonomy (Optional)

Is able to
(Hardware)

Building

Psychomotor

minor revisions
requirements

Measurem
Recording
(Hardware

☐
ents

)


Measurem
Recording
(Software)

☐
ents


Investigation

/conclude required
assessing data them
Is able to
Development of

Solution
Design /

problem problem
the solution of a
Cognitive
given problem
given problem

Software Usage
Is able to launch
the software and
hardly uses any ☐
required features
for the given task
assistance as well.
Is able to
Is able to
comprehend the
algorithm for the
required solution
required
programming
language
commands
18
Component Weight
(4) (3) (2) (1) (1-4)
Taxonomy (Optional)
Assesses and
Instructions
complies with
(PLO6)
Safety
most EHS ☐
instructions
while in lab
Exhibits
Does not exhibit
Professional Ethics

(PLO8)

time
time
Consistently
shows full
Contribution
preparation by
(PLO9)
completing all
agreed tasks and
work requires
little or no
Affective
revisions

Attitude
(PLO9)

team members others
Report on all
relevant sections
Report on all
related to the lab
relevant sections
related to the lab
Report Writing

(PLO10)

the requirements /
prescribed time /
prescribed time /
good language
skills
Does not manage

Managem
Manages tasks
Lab Task
(PLO11)

within given ☐
ent

timeframe
timeframes
19
Lab – 8: Determine the load flow of power system with Newton-
Raphson method.
Equipment
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
Procedure:
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__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
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45
46
Learning outcomes:
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
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47
Questions:
1- Evaluate the line currents and losses.
48
2- Justify the importance of Newton Raphson method as compared to Gauss-Siedel method.
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
49
Component Weight
(4) (3) (2) (1) (1-4)
Taxonomy (Optional)

Is able to
(Hardware)

Building

Psychomotor

minor revisions
requirements

Measurem
Recording
(Hardware

☐
ents

)


Measurem
Recording
(Software)

☐
ents


Investigation

/conclude required
assessing data them
Is able to
Development of

Solution
Design /

problem problem
the solution of a
Cognitive
given problem
given problem

Software Usage
Is able to launch
the software and
hardly uses any ☐
required features
for the given task
assistance as well.
Is able to
Is able to
comprehend the
algorithm for the
required solution
required
programming
language
commands
18
Component Weight
(4) (3) (2) (1) (1-4)
Taxonomy (Optional)
Assesses and
Instructions
complies with
(PLO6)
Safety
most EHS ☐
instructions
while in lab
Exhibits
Does not exhibit
Professional Ethics

(PLO8)

time
time
Consistently
shows full
Contribution
preparation by
(PLO9)
completing all
agreed tasks and
work requires
little or no
Affective
revisions

Attitude
(PLO9)

team members others
Report on all
relevant sections
Report on all
related to the lab
relevant sections
related to the lab
Report Writing

(PLO10)

the requirements /
prescribed time /
prescribed time /
good language
skills
Does not manage

Managem
Manages tasks
Lab Task
(PLO11)

within given ☐
ent

timeframe
timeframes
19
Lab -9: Load flow analysis of any power system (Open-ended lab-I).
Equipment
Pc installed with latest version of MATLAB.
• Knowledge of different types of buses and their known and unknown Parameters.
• Knowledge of Gauss Siedel Method.
• Knowledge Newton Raphson Method.
Procedure:
• Open MATLAB file in PC.
• Write the codes of given tasks of lab 8.
• Now run the codes.
• First step is line impedances are converted to admittances.
• Second we write code for PQ buses.
• Third we write the code of slack buses.
• Check for the errors if any.
• After this take screenshots of results and paste in your workbook.
Diagram:
68
69
Observation and Results:\
Code:
70
Results:
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
Learning outcomes:
At the end of this lab we will be able to:
• Evaluate an appropriate method for power flow of any system.
• Justify the performance compared to other power flow methods.
Questions:
▪ Write the PV and PQ buses of the used system.

A bus in a power system is defined as vertical lines at which several components of power system like
generators, loads and feeders are connected. The buses in a power system are associated with four
quantities. These are the magnitude of voltage, phase angle of voltage, active or true power and
reactive power.
▪ Use any technique to find unknown parameter parameters required for power flow analysis.
Load flow is a procedure to obtain steady state voltages of electrical power systems at fundamental
frequency. An efficient power flow solution looks for fast convergence, minimum usage of memory,
and a robust solution for all scenarios.
80
Component Weight
(4) (3) (2) (1) (1-4)
Taxonomy (Optional)

Is able to
assemble a given Is only able to copy a
(Hardware)

Building
setup using given setup using

Psychomotor

minor revisions
requirements
Is able to record Is only able to record

Measurem
Recording
(Hardware

accurate accurate
☐
ents

)


Measurem
Recording
(Software)

accurate accurate
☐
ents


Investigation

/conclude required
parameters by assessing parameters by
data assessing data
assessing data them
Is able to
Development of

Solution
Design /

problem problem
the solution of a
Cognitive
given problem
given problem

Software Usage
Is able to launch
the software and
hardly uses any ☐
features for the required features of the Requires assistance
required features
solution with no software tool for the features used
for the given task
assistance at all with little in the previous tasks
assistance as well.
Is able to
Is able to
Is able to efficiently complete most of
comprehend the
complete a given task a given task
algorithm for the
required solution
required
programming
language
commands
81
Lab – 10: Measuring and interpreting the current and voltage ratios of a line
during a three-phase short-circuit.
Equipment
• 1 IS-6000 Variable Three-Phase Power Supply

• 1 IS-6019 Power Circuit Breaker
• 1 IS-6003 Three-Phase Transformer
• 1 IS-6002 Overhead Line Model
• 1 IS-6048 Power Meter
• 2 IS-6035 Moving-Coil Ammeter (2.5 A)
• 1 IS-6037 Moving-Iron Voltmeter (600 V)

Sound knowledge about three phase short circuit faults.
Procedure:
• First assemble the circuit in accordance to the foregoing topographic diagram.
• Set primary-side of three-phase transformer in delta connection 380 V and using bridging plugs
set the secondary-side to star UN- 15%.
• Insert all bridging plugs connecting the capacitances to overhead line model.
• Set the supply voltage to UN = 170 V (use lowest possible voltage!): test short-circuit current is
about 1.5 A.
• Due to the high current load on the components during short-circuit the following measurement
must be carried out quickly.
• Due to COVID issues this lab with complete setup is performed on Simulink software.
83
3-Phase short circuit diagram:
84
85
Voltage scope
86
Current scope
87
Voltage scope
88
Current scope
89
Learning outcomes:
• Construct a multi bus network on trainer.
• Demonstrate a three phase symmetric fault on trainer.
• Measure voltage, current and power during fault.
Questions:
1- Demonstrate common reasons of three phase symmetrical fault in national power grid.
Fault current is any abnormal current. For example short circuit is a fault in which current bypass the
normal load. An open circuit fault occurs if a circuit is interrupted by some failure.
2- Demonstrate reasons of measuring the fault current.
Fault current measuring are based on ohm’s law in which current equals the voltage divides the
resistance. Formula is I=V/R. When 5there is a short circuit the resistance becomes very small, and
that means the current becomes very large.
3- Illustrate the effects if a fault occur through an impedance and direct fault without an impedance.
Phase to ground faults were simulated considering several fault impedances. The symmetrical
impedance methods are used to calculate fault voltages and currents for case A. Case B and C were the
system in unbalanced, during fault voltages and current were obtained by the phase components
method.
90
Component Weight
(4) (3) (2) (1) (1-4)
Taxonomy (Optional)

Is able to
(Hardware)

Building

Psychomotor

minor revisions
requirements

Measurem
Recording
(Hardware

accurate accurate
☐
ents

)


Measurem
Recording
(Software)

accurate accurate
☐
ents


Investigation

/conclude required
data assessing data
assessing data them
Is able to
Development of

Solution
Design /

problem problem
the solution of a
Cognitive
given problem
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Software Usage
Is able to launch
the software and
hardly uses any ☐
required features
for the given task
assistance as well.
Is able to
Is able to
comprehend the
algorithm for the
required solution
required
programming
language
commands
91
Component Weight
(4) (3) (2) (1) (1-4)
Taxonomy (Optional)
Assesses and
Assesses and Assesses and
Instructions
Assesses and complies complies with

(PLO6)
complies with some complies with few
Safety
with all EHS most EHS ☐

EHS instructions EHS instructions
instructions while in lab instructions
while in lab in lab
while in lab
Exhibits
Does not exhibit
Professional Ethics

(PLO8)

time
time
Consistently
shows full
Contribution
preparation by
(PLO9)
completing all
agreed tasks and
work requires
little or no
Affective
revisions

Attitude
(PLO9)

team members others
Report on all
relevant sections
Report on all
related to the lab
relevant sections
related to the lab
Report Writing

(PLO10)

the requirements /
prescribed time /
prescribed time /
good language
skills
Does not manage

Managem
Manages tasks
Lab Task
(PLO11)

within given ☐
ent

timeframe
timeframes
92
Lab -11: Determine the zero-sequence impedance of an overhead line model using
measurement techniques.
Equipment
• 1 IS-6017 Three-Phase Power Supply Unit


Sound knowledge about phase sequence components.
Procedure:
• Assemble the circuit in accordance with the foregoing topographic diagram.

• Insert all bridging plugs connecting the capacitances to the overhead line model.
• Set primary-side of three-phase transformer in star connection 380 V and using bridging plugs.
• Set the secondary-side to star UN - 15%.
• Set the supply voltage to UN = 380 V.
• This experiment is also carried out in Simulink software.
93
Zero-Phase Sequence Impedance Diagram
Measure the voltage and the current at the beginning end of the line:
U0 = …………… (V) I0 = …………… (A)
and determine the zero-phase sequence impedance of the line by establishing the quotient
U
0
Z0 ............ ( )
I0
Learning Outcomes:

• Demonstrate zero sequence impedance and compare it with calculated value.
• Measure voltage and current at sending end of line.
Questions:
▪ Demonstrate the effects of primary side voltage on zero sequence impedance. Give answer with
reasons.
The measurement of zero sequence voltage. Three single phase transformers are connected with
primary windings connected in star with their star point connected to the neutral and opposite end are
connected to the three users. The secondary windings are connected to open delta so that the voltage
across them will be proportional to the vector sum of three phase voltages.
▪ Sketch the zero sequence network for different primary and for different primary and secondary
winding.
94
Component Weight
(4) (3) (2) (1) (1-4)
Taxonomy (Optional)

Is able to
assemble a given Is only able to copy a
(Hardware)

Building
setup using given setup using

Psychomotor

minor revisions
requirements

Measurem
Recording
(Hardware

accurate accurate
☐
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)


Measurem
Recording
(Software)

accurate accurate
☐
ents


Investigation

/conclude required
data assessing data
assessing data them
Is able to
Development of

Solution
Design /

problem problem
the solution of a
Cognitive
given problem
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Software Usage
Is able to launch
the software and
hardly uses any ☐
required features
for the given task
assistance as well.
Is able to
Is able to
comprehend the
algorithm for the
required solution
required
programming
language
commands
95
Component Weight
(4) (3) (2) (1) (1-4)
Taxonomy (Optional)
Assesses and
Instructions

(PLO6)
Safety

while in lab in lab
while in lab
Exhibits
professional Makes an effort to Does not exhibit
Exhibits exemplary
Professional Ethics
ethics while exhibit professional professional ethics

professional ethics
writing lab ethics while writing while writing lab
while writing lab
(PLO8)
reports and lab reports and reports and dealing

reports and dealing with ☐
dealing with dealing with fellow with fellow
fellow students, lab
fellow students, students, lab staff students, lab staff
staff and instructor all
lab staff and and instructor all the and instructor all
the time
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time
Consistently
shows full
Contribution
preparation by
(PLO9)
completing all
agreed tasks and
work requires
little or no
Affective
revisions

Attitude
(PLO9)

team members others
Report on all
relevant sections
Report on all
related to the lab
relevant sections
related to the lab
Report Writing

(PLO10)

the requirements /
prescribed time /
prescribed time /
good language
skills
Does not manage

Managem
Manages tasks
Lab Task
(PLO11)

within given ☐
ent

timeframe
timeframes
96
Lab – 12: Investigating zero-sequence impedance of the three-phase transformer
with various connection modes.
Equipment


Sound knowledge about zero-sequence impedance of the three-phase transformer.
Procedure:
• Assemble the circuit in accordance with the foregoing topographic diagram 12.1: Yy.
• First we will investigate a star-star connection: set the primary-side in star connection 380 V and
the secondary-side in star connection UN = 220 V.
• Adjust the supply voltage until a current of approx. 0.6 A flows
• Determine the zero-impedance
• After you have connected the delta stabilizing winding repeat the above measurement with a
current of approx. 1.5 A
• After you have disconnected the tertiary winding change the secondary-side so that we can
investigate a star-delta connection in accordance with the foregoing topographic.
• Adjust again the supply voltage until a current of approx. 2 A flows and measure the
corresponding voltage
• Determine the zero-impedance
• The zero-impedance is dependent on the connection mode: highest zero impedance is produced
in star-star connection.
• As previous labs this lab is also carried out on Simulink software.
97
Zero impedance Circuit diagram:
Adjust the supply voltage until a current of approx 0.6 A flows and measure the corresponding
voltage:
Io = ……… A Uo = ……… V
Determine the zero-impedance:
U
o
ZoYy ...........
Io
After you have connected the delta stabilizing winding repeat the above measurement with a
current of approx 1.5 A:
Io = ……… A Uo = ……… V
After you have disconnected the tertiary winding change the secondary-side so that we can
investigate a star-delta connection in accordance with the foregoing topographic.
Adjust again the supply voltage until a current of approx 2 A flows and measure the
corresponding voltage:
Io = ……… A Uo = ……… V
Determine the zero-impedance:

U
o
ZoYyd ...........
Io
98
Learning outcomes:
• Demonstrate the effects on zero sequence impedance of three phase transformer with different
windings.
• Demonstrate the effects of delta stabilizing winding.
Questions:
▪ Demonstrate when will be the zero sequence impedance high/ low?

Zero sequence impedance is the sequence offered by the system to the flow of zero sequence current.
The zero sequence reactance of the transformers depends on the construction of the core and
windings connection.
▪ Demonstrate how zero sequence impedance affect the efficiency of a transformer?

As investigation of the influence of the zero sequence impedance is Y connected windings of
generators or transformers and the system efficiency.
99
Component Weight
(4) (3) (2) (1) (1-4)
Taxonomy (Optional)

Is able to
(Hardware)

Building

Psychomotor

minor revisions
requirements

Measurem
Recording
(Hardware

accurate accurate
☐
ents

)


Measurem
Recording
(Software)

accurate accurate
☐
ents


Investigation

/conclude required
data assessing data
assessing data them
Is able to
Development of

Solution
Design /

problem problem
the solution of a
Cognitive
given problem
given problem

Software Usage
Is able to launch
the software and
hardly uses any ☐
required features
for the given task
assistance as well.
Is able to
Is able to
comprehend the
algorithm for the
required solution
required
programming
language
commands
100
Component Weight
(4) (3) (2) (1) (1-4)
Taxonomy (Optional)
Assesses and
Instructions

(PLO6)
Safety

while in lab in lab
while in lab
Exhibits
Does not exhibit
Professional Ethics

(PLO8)

time
time
Consistently
shows full
Contribution
preparation by
(PLO9)
completing all
agreed tasks and
work requires
little or no
Affective
revisions

Attitude
(PLO9)

team members others
Report on all
relevant sections
Report on all
related to the lab
relevant sections
related to the lab
Report Writing

(PLO10)

the requirements /
prescribed time /
prescribed time /
good language
skills
Does not manage

Managem
Manages tasks
Lab Task
(PLO11)

within given ☐
ent

timeframe
timeframes
101
Lab -13: To measure the fault current of a single line to ground short-circuit and
compare the results with those for three-phase fault.
Equipment


Sound knowledge about single line to ground short circuit faults.
Procedure:
• Measure the current and voltage ratios for a single-phase short-circuit.
• Compare the value of short circuit current with that of three phase short circuit.
• This lab is performed on the Simulink software.
102
Single-Phase Short-Circuit Diagram:
Observation and results:
103
104
105
106
107
Learning outcomes:
• Construct multi bus network and produce single line to ground fault on trainer.
• Measure voltages and current during fault.
Questions:
1. Demonstrate reason of small measured values of current during S-L-G compared with three
phase fault.
The fault current in any point in a network, a sum is made of impedances in a network between source
of supply and point at which fault is occurred. To find fault current Ik the nominal voltage applied U
is divided by summed impedance Z.
2. Demonstrate the effects of high value of fault current on system.

The increased fault currents causes the electrical devices to experience more thermal and mechanical
stress. The protected relays are supposed to correctly operate to interrupt fault current flowing through
the protected equipment.
3- Demonstrate the causes of single line to ground fault on national grid.
A single line to fault fault in transmission line occurs when a conductor drops to ground to come in
contact with neutral conductor. Such types of failures may occur in power system due to many reasons
like high wind, falling of trees, lightening.
4- Demonstrate the action taken after known value of fault.

Action taken and its effectiveness is determined so that is to depict how a fault is built as precisely as
possible and to link this to spares.
108
Component Weight
(4) (3) (2) (1) (1-4)
Taxonomy (Optional)

Is able to
(Hardware)

Building

Psychomotor

minor revisions
requirements

Measurem
Recording
(Hardware

accurate accurate
☐
ents

)


Measurem
Recording
(Software)

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data assessing data
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Is able to
Development of

Solution
Design /

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Cognitive
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Software Usage
Is able to launch
the software and
hardly uses any ☐
required features
for the given task
assistance as well.
Is able to
Is able to
comprehend the
algorithm for the
required solution
required
programming
language
commands
109
Component Weight
(4) (3) (2) (1) (1-4)
Taxonomy (Optional)
Assesses and
Instructions

(PLO6)
Safety

while in lab in lab
while in lab
Exhibits
Does not exhibit
Professional Ethics

(PLO8)

time
time
Consistently
shows full
Contribution
preparation by
(PLO9)
completing all
agreed tasks and
work requires
little or no
Affective
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Attitude
(PLO9)

team members others
Report on all
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Report on all
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related to the lab
Report Writing

(PLO10)

the requirements /
prescribed time /
prescribed time /
good language
skills
Does not manage

Managem
Manages tasks
Lab Task
(PLO11)

within given ☐
ent

timeframe
timeframes
110
Lab -14: To measure the fault current of a line to line fault and compare the results
with those for three-phase fault.
Equipment
1 IS-6000 Variable Three-Phase Power Supply

1 IS-6019 Power Circuit Breaker
1 IS-6003 Three-Phase Transformer
1 IS-6002 Overhead Line Model
3 IS-6035 Moving-Coil Ammeter (2.5 A)
1 IS-6037 Moving-Iron Voltmeter (600 V)

Sound knowledge about line to line short circuit faults.
Procedure:
• Assemble the circuit in accordance with the foregoing topographic diagram and simulates a two-
phase short-circuit without earth contact
• Measure short circuit current and voltages
• Compare obtained values with line tot ground short circuit and three phase short circuit fault.
• As this is also performed on Simulink due to pandemic situation.
111
Two phase Short-Circuit without earth contact
Measure the short-circuit currents I2 and I3 as well the voltage of healthy phase L1 with
respect to earth:
I2 = …………… A I3 = …………… A V1 = …………… V
Compare the measured values with those of the line to ground short-circuit and three phase
short circuit fault.
The fault currents are below the value of the three-phase short-circuits current.
Learning outcomes:
• Construct a multi bus network and produce a line-to-line fault on trainer.
• Measure voltage and current during fault.
Questions:
1. Demonstrate reason of small measured values of current during Line-Line fault compared with
three phase fault.
In electrical power system fault current is any abnormal electric current. For example, a short circuits
a fault in which current bypass the normal load. An open circuit occurs if a circuit is interrupted by
some failure. In three phase systems a fault may involve two or more phases and ground.
2. Demonstrate the causes of line-line fault on National power grid.

A line to line fault or symmetrical fault occurs when two conductors are short circuited. The LL fault
is placed between line b and c so that the fault be symmetrical with respect to reference phase.
3. Demonstrate the actions taken based on measured/ known value of fault current.
In electrical power system fault current is any abnormal electric current. These must be transformed
back into phase values. The magnitude of fault current differ widely depending on the protective
devices, protective fault may be measured.
112
Component Weight
(4) (3) (2) (1) (1-4)
Taxonomy (Optional)

Is able to
setup neatly and timely
assemble a given Is only able to copy Is not able to
(Hardware)
using correct hardware

Building
setup using a given setup using assemble a given

components and / or can ☐
correct hardware correct hardware setup using correct
Psychomotor
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requirements

Measurem
Recording
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☐
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Measurem
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Development of
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of a given
problem problem solution of a given
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language constructs / programming complete a given fails to code in ☐
methods / commands language task required
and/or add features to constructs / programming
the original task methods / language
commands
113
Component Weight
(4) (3) (2) (1) (1-4)
Taxonomy (Optional)
Assesses and
Instructions
(PLO6) Assesses and complies complies with
Safety

EHS instructions EHS instructions in
instructions while in lab instructions while
while in lab lab
in lab
Exhibits
Makes an effort to
professional ethics Does not exhibit
Professional Ethics
Exhibits exemplary exhibit professional

while writing lab professional ethics
professional ethics while ethics while writing
reports and while writing lab
(PLO8)
writing lab reports and lab reports and

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additional resources for
work requires and work requires work quality is poor
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Internalized positive
positive behavior damaging and Discouraging
Attitude
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most of the time shows disinterest in behavior towards ☐
and helps other team
towards other the performance of other team members
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team members others
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but many Report on all relevant
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114
Lab -15: To measure the fault current of a double line to ground short-circuit and
compare the results with those for three-phase fault.
Equipment
1 IS-6000 Variable Three-Phase Power Supply

1 IS-6019 Power Circuit Breaker
1 IS-6003 Three-Phase Transformer
1 IS-6002 Overhead Line Model
3 IS-6035 Moving-Coil Ammeter (2.5 A)
1 IS-6037 Moving-Iron Voltmeter (600 V)

Sound knowledge about asymmetrical short circuit faults.
Procedure:
• Set primary-side of three-phase transformer in delta connection 380 V and using bridging plugs
set the secondary-side to star UN - 15%.
• Insert all bridging plugs connecting the capacitances to overhead line model. Set the supply
voltage UN = 170 V
• Due to the high current load on the components during short-circuit; the following measurement
must be carried out quickly.
• All these hardware experiments are performed in Simulink.
115
Two phase Short-Circuit with earth contact circuit diagram:
116
117
118
119
120
Learning outcomes:
• Construct a multi bus network and produce a double line-to-ground fault on trainer.
• Measure voltages and currents during fault.
Questions:
1. Demonstrate reason of small measured values of current during double line-to-

ground fault compared with three phase fault.
Double line to ground fault occurs when any two phases of power circuit is short circuited to
ground or neutral.
2. Demonstrate the causes of double line-to-ground fault on National power grid.
121
Line to Ground Fault: A short circuit between one line and ground very often caused by
physical contact due to lightening or some other storm damage.
Double Line to Ground Fault: Two line some into contact with ground also commonly due to
storm damage.
3. Demonstrate the actions taken based on measured/ known value of fault

current.
Fault current calculations are based on ohm’s law which is V= I/R. When there is short circuit
resistance became very small and current current becomes very large.
122
Weight
Compone U Scor
Domai Excellent Good Average Poor /100
nt with se e (1-
n (4) (3) (2) (1) (Optiona
Taxonomy d 4)
l)

setup neatly and timely Is able to assemble a Is only able to Is not able to
(Hardware)
using correct hardware given setup using copy a given assemble a given
Building
components and / or correct hardware setup using setup using correct ☐

Psychomotor
can reorganize / adapt components after correct hardware hardware

to new / special minor revisions components components
requirements
Is only able to
Measurem
Recording
(Hardware

record accurate
☐
ents

measurements on
)

some occasions
Is only able to
Measurem
Recording
(Software)

record accurate
☐
ents

measurements on
some occasions
Is partially able
Is able to formulate/ Is mostly able to Is only able to
to evaluate
Investigation
conclude correctly evaluate /conclude comprehend the

/conclude
about all the correctly about required
correctly about ☐
investigation investigation investigation
investigation
parameters by assessing parameters by parameters but fails
parameters by
data assessing data to investigate them
assessing data
Development of
Is able to design / Is able to design / Is able to design the problem

Cognitive
Solution
Design /
develop the complete develop almost / develop partial however completely

☐
solution of a given complete solution of a solution of a fails to design /
problem given problem given problem develop the solution
of a given problem
Is partially able
to use the
software tool
Is adept in the use of Is able to use the
Software Usage
features for the Is able to launch the

software tool and can software tool by
required software and hardly
access all the required accessing almost all
solution. uses any required ☐
features for the required the required features of
Requires features for the
solution with no the software tool with
assistance for the given task
assistance at all little assistance
features used in
the previous
tasks as well.
123
Component Weight
(4) (3) (2) (1) (1-4)
Taxonomy (Optional)
Assesses and
Instructions
complies with
(PLO6)
Safety
most EHS ☐
instructions
while in lab
Exhibits
Does not exhibit
Professional Ethics

(PLO8)

time
time
Consistently
shows full
Contribution
preparation by
(PLO9)
completing all
agreed tasks and
work requires
little or no
revisions
Affective
Consistent
Neither helpful nor
damaging and shows
Attitude
(PLO9)

performance of
others
members
Report on all
relevant sections
Report on all
related to the lab
relevant sections
related to the lab
Report Writing

(PLO10)

the requirements /
prescribed time /
prescribed time /
good language
skills
Does not manage

Managem
Manages tasks
Lab Task
(PLO11)

within given ☐
ent

timeframe
timeframes
33
Lab -16: Fault analysis of any Power System (Open-ended lab-II).
Equipment
Pc installed with latest version of MATLAB.
• Knowledge of different types of faults.

• Knowledge of Sequence components.
Procedure:
• Open MATLAB in PC.
• Open Simulink in MATLAB software.
• Open library browser and select the required components.
• Construct the circuit.
• Run the circuit.
• Take screenshots and paste in your workbook.
125
Network.

Without Fault
127
Results:
128
129
130
131
132
With Fault:
133
134
135
136
Results:
137
138
139
140
141
142
Power System World:
143
Learning outcomes:
• Construct a multi bus network in MATLAB and discover the effects of different faults
(symmetric and asymmetric) on any system.
Questions:
1- Demonstrate the effect of fault current on other buses.
Fault analysis is to simulate short circuit fault on different buses of power system voltage and
fault current level is calculated and short circuit MVA rating similarly check the other lines
and this effect is clear.
2- Demonstrate the principle of relay and breaker based on fault current.

It works on the principle of electromagnetic attraction. When the circuit of relay senses the
fault current it engines the electromagnetic filed which produce the temporary magnetic field.
The magnetic field moves the relay armature for opening and closing the connections.
3- Demonstrate the effects of fault current on system.
When fault occurs it creates a very low impedance path for current flow. This results in very
high current being drawn from the supply causing tripping of relays, damaging insulation and
components of equipment.
4- Demonstrate the steps required in network planning and extension based on known fault
current.
It is easy in particular to take account of random character of fault. It is an extension of
methods which have been developed over the last twenty years and tools in network
planning using models based upon a direct current approximation. So a procedure in
several stages which provides among other things.
144
Component Weight
(4) (3) (2) (1) (1-4)
Taxonomy (Optional)
Is able to build a given Is able to

setup neatly and timely assemble a given Is not able to
Is only able to copy
(Hardware)
using correct hardware setup using assemble a given

Building
a given setup using

components and / or correct hardware setup using correct ☐
correct hardware
Psychomotor
can reorganize / adapt components hardware

components
to new / special after minor components
requirements revisions

Measurem
Recording
(Hardware

☐
ents

)


Measurem
Recording
(Software)

☐
ents


Investigation

/conclude required
data assessing data
assessing data them
Is able to
Development of

Solution
Design /

problem problem
Cognitive
given problem the solution of a

given problem

Software Usage
Is able to launch
the software and
hardly uses any ☐
required features
for the given task
assistance as well.
Is able to
Is able to
comprehend the
algorithm for the
required solution
required
programming
language
commands
145
Component Weight
(4) (3) (2) (1) (1-4)
Taxonomy (Optional)
Assesses and
Instructions
complies with
(PLO6)

Safety
most EHS ☐
instructions
while in lab
Exhibits
Does not exhibit
Professional Ethics

(PLO8)

time
time
Consistently
shows full
Contribution
preparation by
(PLO9)
completing all
agreed tasks and
work requires
little or no
revisions
Affective
Consistent
Neither helpful nor
damaging and shows
Attitude
(PLO9)

performance of
others
members
Report on all
relevant sections
Report on all
related to the lab
relevant sections
related to the lab
Report Writing

(PLO10)

the requirements /
prescribed time /
prescribed time /
good language
skills
Does not manage

Managem
Manages tasks
Lab Task
(PLO11)

within given ☐
ent

timeframe
timeframes
146

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DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

Updated by Course Mentor

Name # aLI iMTIAZ

Last Revision: February, 2020

Investigate power flow and

Make power system models on

Lab Evaluate operation of a single phase and three

Demonstrate the voltage transformation ratio of

Lab Evaluate Y-Bus Matrix of a three-bus system

Lab Evaluate the bus elimination of a 4-BUS system

Lab Evaluate the Z bus Matrix of an existing four-

Lab Evaluate the Z bus Matrix of an existing four-

Lab Determine the load flow of power system with

Lab Determine the load flow of power system with

Lab Determine the load flow of any power system

Lab Demonstrate the current and voltage ratios of a

Demonstrate the zero-sequence impedance of

Make power system model for the

Make power system model for the

Make power system model for the

Determine the types of fault and its

Department of Electrical Engineering – The University of Lahore, Lahore

Observation and Results:

Is able to build a given

components and / or correct hardware setup using setup using correct ☐

can reorganize / adapt components after correct hardware hardware

Is able to record Is able to record Is unable to record

accurate measurements accurate measurements accurate

all the time most of the time measurements

Is able to record Is able to record Is unable to record

accurate measurements accurate measurements accurate

conclude correctly evaluate /conclude comprehend the

Is able to design / Is able to design / Is able to design the problem

develop the complete develop almost / develop partial however completely

features for the Is able to launch the

ethics while exhibit professional

reports and lab reports and

behavior and behavior most of behavior towards

tasks is completed Report on all

accurately, meeting the are present in

Does not manage

Manages tasks well Manages tasks in an tasks even in

within given timeframe extended timeframe extended

Observation and Results:

%for non diagonal

Is able to build a given

using correct hardware assemble a given

setup using a given setup using

can reorganize / adapt hardware

Is able to record Is only able to

Is able to record Is unable to record

accurate measurements accurate

all the time measurements

Is able to record Is only able to

Is able to record Is unable to record

accurate measurements accurate

Is mostly able to Is only able to

conclude correctly evaluate /conclude

Is able to design understand the

develop the complete develop partial

Is able to use the Is partially able to

ethics while exhibit professional

reports and lab reports and