10/6/2020

ELECTIVE II (SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTURE)

TOPICS
 MODULE-2
Sustainable design Principals and strategies -
site design, energy management, renewable
energy, Sustainable material selection, water
management, indoor air quality, alternative
Energy

(RAR 905) LECTURE 4

SUSTAINABLE SITE DESIGN SITE SELECTION

 Site Selection
 Preserve and protect landscape during construction.
 Soil Conservation
 Design to include existing site features.
 Reduce hard paving on site/and or provide shaded hard
paved surfaces.
 Enhance outdoor lighting system efficiency.
 Plan utilities efficiently and optimize on site circulation
efficiency
 The site plan must be in conformity with the development
plan/master plan/UDPFI guidelines.
 The site plan should comply with the provisions of eco-
sensitive zone regulations, coastal zone regulations, heritage
areas (identified in the master plan or issued separately as
specific guidelines), water body zones (in such zones, no
construction is permitted in the water-spread and buffer belt
of 30 meter minimum around the FTL-Full tank level), various
hazard prone area regulations, and others if the site falls
under any such area.

1
 10/6/2020

BAD EXAMPLES SITE FACILITIES

 The site should be located within
½ km radius of an existing bus
stop, commuter rail, light rail or
metro station and/or the
proposed site must be a
Brownfield site (to rehabilitate
damaged sites where
development is hindered by
environmental contamination,
thereby reducing pressure on
undeveloped land)

PRESERVE AND PROTECT LANDSCAPE

DURING CONSTRUCTION PROPER TIMING OF THE CONSTRUCTION

NO EXCAVATE DURING THE RAINY SEASON

A site in its natural form is stable and covered with
natural wild vegetation, shrubs etc. which hold on to
the soil. Digging on site loosens the soil. If the
digging happens during rains, the rainwater will
lead to soil erosion. Hence it is recommended to
avoid excavation during rains.

2
 10/6/2020

STAGE CONSTRUCTION ON SITE.

Disturb only that part of the site where construction

is supposed to happen immediately. This ensures
that the entire site is not disturbed at one go and
left. Staging construction also helps in better site
management since small areas need to be
managed at any given time.

EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL

Provide for soil erosion channels on site. During construction flowing

water will try to erode soil as it flows through the site. Erosion channels
help channel the flowing water effectively through the site in a manner
which minimizes the erosion and also limits the spread of flowing water
over the site.
Water flowing across the site has the potential to erode and carry soil
off the site. In order to prevent this, soil erosion channels should be
coupled with sedimentation tanks. Water flowing across the site can be
allowed to collect in a sedimentation tank where it can be made to
stand for a day. The mud will settle at the bottom and the clearer water
can be either reused on site or discharged from site.

3
 10/6/2020

PRESERVE EXISTING VEGETATION BY MEANS OF NON-DISTURBANCE

OR DAMAGE TO TREES AND OTHER FORMS OF VEGETATION

 Protect trees on site. In order to preserve a tree,

one must identify the drip-line around the tree and
provide a protective barricading around the tree so
that the construction activities do not damage the
tree in any manner.
 Replant on-site trees in the ratio of 3:1 to those
removed during construction, for every removal one
tree plant 3 saplings.

BAD EXAMPLES

Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3

No erosion control No barricading provided around trees to protect Top soil and sub-soil mixed together and
Measures taken, site them during construction dumped on site
prone to soil erosion

4
 10/6/2020

GOOD EXAMPLES

Figure 5
Natural drains
Figure 4 on site can be
Staging on site, only part of the site used for soil
has been disturbed, remaining has erosion control
been barricaded

5
 10/6/2020

Figure 6
Mulching to be done on stored top soil for its preservation.
Mulch is a protective layer of material that spread on the top of the soil, which can either
be organic( such as glass clippings , straw, bark chips, and similar materials) or inorganic (
such as stone and brick chips)

6
 10/6/2020

SOIL CONSERVATION
Proper topsoil laying, stabilization of the soil, and
maintenance of adequate fertility of the soil to support
vegetative growth.
 Store the top soil safely on site. Stabilize the soil so that it
does not get eroded. This can be done through various
strategies like mulching, creating a sturdy small boundary
around the stored top soil etc.
 Strategies like temporary grassing; planting shrubs etc. can
be done on the stored top soil. This is to ensure that the
stored top soil maintains its fertility and can be effectively
reused post construction for landscape.

7
 10/6/2020

BAD EXAMPLES

GOOD EXAMPLES
DESIGN TO INCLUDE EXISTING SITE FEATURES

Context is the existing setting in which a building operates setting would include
all natural and man-made features/ elements that exist in and around the site,
and the feature/ elements that are likely to impact the buildings and vice versa.
Context would include the environmental context, which would cover climatic and
weather based phenomena.
Environmentally, several construction projects give little or no consideration to
existing site features. An attempt is generally made to isolate the building from
the site feature and little effort is made to incorporate the site features into the
planning and design of the built environment.

8
 10/6/2020

NATURAL SITE FEATURES WOULD INCLUDE SITE

FEATURES SUCH AS
 Existing landscape
 Wind and Solar paths
 Hydro-geological conditions
STRATIGIES
 Minimize the disruption of the natural ecosystem
and design to harness maximum benefits of the
prevailing micro-climate.

 Rainfall patterns
 Site features affect two aspects of the project
 Existing biodiversity  Building Design
 Buffer zone and green belts  Site Planning

9
 10/6/2020

REDUCE HARD PAVING ON SITE/AND OR

PROVIDE SHADED HARD PAVED SURFACES
Net paved area of site under parking, roads,
paths, or any other use not to exceed 25% of
site area or net imperviousness of site should
not exceed the imperviousness factor as
prescribed by National Building Code 2005.

10
 10/6/2020

 Total surface parking not to exceed as permitted by local

byelaw and
 more than 50% of the total paved area to have pervious
paving/open grid pavement/grass pavers ,or
 minimum 50% of the total paved area (including parking) to
have shading by vegetated roof/pergola with planters, or
 minimum 50% of the total paved area (including parking) to
be topped with finish of solar reflectance of 0.5 or higher

11

ENHANCE OUTDOOR LIGHTING SYSTEM
EFFICIENCY.
 Enhance outdoor lighting system efficiency and use
renewable energy system for meeting outdoor
lighting requirements.
 Meet minimum allowable luminous efficacy (as per
lamp type) and make progressive use of a
renewable-energy-based lighting system.
 Automatic controls for 100% of outdoor lights.
Luminous efficacy of 100% of lamps used in outdoor lighting (Table 6.2) meets the
corresponding lamp luminous efficacy as mentioned in Table 6.1
10/6/2020
OUTDOOR LIGHTING
Primary use of outdoor lighting is during night time to illuminate

outdoor area for improved visibility, security, and aesthetics. Lighting
level lower or higher than the optimum level reduced visibility and
are unable to serve the purpose. Therefore, it is important to design
outdoor lighting such that it provides required illumination level
during night.
 An efficient outdoor lighting scheme desired level of lighting but
also with optimum utilization of energy. In appropriate design, use
of inefficient lamps and poor operation of the lighting not only result
in wastage of light and poor illumination quality, but also contribute
to high electricity consumption. This intern contribute to high level of
greenhouse gas emission and increase operating cost.
LUMINOUS EFFICACY
12
 10/6/2020

PLAN UTILITIES EFFICIENTLY AND OPTIMIZE

ON SITE CIRCULATION EFFICIENCY STRATIGIES
 Site infrastructure forms the link between the built form and natural  Minimization and consolidation of
ecosystem. The site Infra structure includes traffic, transportation,
utility systems, and planning the pattern of movement for these. transportation/service corridors and shading of
Every site has a carrying capacity for human activities, which is pedestrian road.
based on the sensitivity of the site resources and the regenerative
ability of the land.  Use of aggregate utility corridors.
 Conventional practices of site planning do not considered the natural
topography of site and side feature during planning of utilities and  Consolidation of utility corridors along the
circulation patterns. This leads to destruction of existing habitat. previously disturbed areas or along new roads in
Circulation at networks are design keeping peak requirements in
consideration. Road that work are not designed to minimize order to minimize unnecessary cutting and trenching
circulation or follow site features. and ensure easy maintenance.

13