11/8/2020

ELECTIVE II (SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTURE)

TOPIC - SUSTAINABLE DESIGN PRINCIPLES AND STRATEGIES

LECTURE 8 (Module 2) (RAR 905)

MODULE-2
 TOPIC
SUSTAINABLE DESIGN PRINCIPLES AND STRATEGIES –
1. Site Design
2. Energy Management
3. Renewable Energy/ Alternative Energy
4. Sustainable Material Selection
5. Water Management
6. Indoor Air Quality

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INTRODUCTION
 Water conservation includes all the policies, strategies and activities
to sustainably manage the natural resource of fresh water, to
protect the hydrosphere, and to meet the current and future
human demand. Population, household size and growth and
affluence all affect how much water is used. Factors such
as climate change have increased pressures on natural water
resources especially in manufacturing and agricultural irrigation.
Many countries have already implemented policies aimed at water
conservation, with much success.

Did you know that only

2.5% of the Earth’s water
is available for fresh
drinking water?

INTRODUCTION

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WATER MANAGEMENT
 SUSTAINABLE DESIGN STRATEGIES:-

1. REDUCE WATER USE IN THE BUILDING

2. EFFICIENT USE OF WATER DURING CONSTRUCTION
3. WATER TREATMENT
4. WATER RECYCLE AND REUSE (INCLUDING RAINWATER)
5. WATER EFFICIENT LANDSCAPING

1. REDUCE WATER USE IN THE

BUILDING

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INTRODUCTION
• In Indian cities, the demand for
water for domestic use is
responsible for big part of the
total water consumption , besides
industrial use.
• Many cities located along the
rivers and often have water
borne sanitation systems. Of this,
only small proportion is treated ,
leading to surface and
groundwater contamination by
discharge of untreated sewage
and storm water runoff.
• Although , India has abundant
water sources, but the irony is that
most of settlements are water
stressed

WATER EFFICIENCY GOALS

• Reduce the quantity of

the water needed for
the building. (25% and
more)
• Reduce municipal
water supply and
treatment burden.

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WATER EFFICIENT PLUMBING FIXTURE

WATER EFFICIENT PLUMBING FIXTURES

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FLOW FIXTURES FITTED WITH AERATORS

FIXTURES – KITCHEN & LAVATORY FAUCETS

Conventional faucets use 15 lit of
water per minute , have high
potential for bringing in water
efficiency. A leaking faucet
dripping one drip per second
can waste 136 lit of water per
day. New low flow faucets are
available with flow rate as low as
2 lit per min. Aerators screw onto
the faucets head add air to the
water flow while reducing the
water flow. Flow rates , as low as
1.8 lit/m, are adequate for
wetting purposes in the
bathroom setting .

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FIXTURES –KITCHEN & LAVATORY

FAUCETS
LOW FLOW SHOWER
HEADS
Shower heads conventionally
consume a lot of water
ranging from 11lit-26 lit per
minutes. These could be
replaced with new low flow
shower heads using 9 lit per
minutes or even lower. These
new shower heads have a
narrower spray area and a
greater mix of air and water
than the conventional shower
heads. Alternately, flow
restrictors could be installed
inside the conventional
showerhead and reduce the
flow.

FIXTURES – KITCHEN & LAVATORY

FAUCETS
AUTOCONTROL VALVES
A number of automatic valves are
available to reduce the
flow/consumption of water. These
devices a metered flow only
when the fixture is in use. For
faucets, both the flow rate and
activation time can be adjusted .
A number of options are available
, such as a metered valve faucet,
which delivers 1 lit of water and is
then automatically shut off or self
–closing faucets that is spring –
loaded and shuts off a few
seconds.

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FIXTURES –WATER CLOSETS & URINALS

Three basic types of WCs

1.Gravity tank WCs
2.Flush valve operated
3.Pressurized Tank

FIXTURES – KITCHEN & LAVATORY

FAUCETS
PRESSURE REDUCING DEVICES
Pressure reducing devices are
options to be considered when
water line pressure is higher 50-60
psi. Lowering excessively high –line
pressure helps reduce the
formation of leaks and also
reduces water flows from spigots,
hoses, faucets ,and water feed
lines. A pressure reduction of 15
psi from 80-65 psi will reduce
water flow by 10% without
sacrificing the water services.

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REDUCE WATER USE IN THE BUILDING

Quiz 1 link
https://forms.gle/NXKNbYNaxehe2acu9

2. EFFICIENT USE OF WATER DURING

CONSTRUCTION

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INTRODUCTION
 The Indian construction sector is a
water –intensive industry. An
estimated water demand of 10%-
20% of the total volume of brick
and cement is observed during
construction . Water required for
construction needs to be pure in
order to achieve the desired
strength .
 Almost all stages of construction
requires water –For foundation ,
brick soaking , masonry , curing ,
concreting , white-washing,
painting, and mosaic flooring.
 The average growth rate of 10% in
the construction sector, there is an
urgent need to bring down the
water demand.

STRATEGIES FOR REDUCING THE DEMAND OF

POTABLE WATER DURING CONSTRUCTION
The purpose of moist curing is to
prevent evaporation of the water
added originally to fresh concrete
and preserve it for the purpose of
hydration . The quality of curing water
used should be good . Moist curing
prevents loss of moisture from the
concrete, as well as maintains a
satisfactory temp. regime. Traditional
methods such as the use of gunny
bags , which are permanently damp
with adequate water , is one of the
way for curing the concrete laid for
first 7-10 days.

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STRATEGIES
2. Concrete mixture containing fly ash
generally require less water (1%-10%)
for a given slump than concrete
containing only Portland cement .

3.Method such as “Membrane

Curing” in which either a liquid
sealing compound (bituminous and
paraffinic emulsions, coal tar ) or
non-liquid material is used to reduce
the water requirement for the
hydration process of curing.

STRATEGIES
4. Chemical admixture , such
as high –range water reduces
(HRWR) or super plasticizer,
could also be used to reduce
the curing water demand . the
also acts as indirect
accelerators.

5. Ponding , as illustrated , is
another way to reduce the
demand of water for curing . It
is done by forming a wall(dam)
of sand around the concrete
formation and then flooding it
with water.

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EFFICIENT USE OF WATER DURING CONSTRUCTION

Quiz 2 link
https://forms.gle/p7FhVw7hPwx84EeP7

3. WATER TREATMENT

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INTRODUCTION
 Water scarcity , poor water quality, and
water –related disasters are the three main
concerns related to current and future water
resources. Solution to this directly or indirectly
lie to some extent in sewage /waste water
management.
 Approximately 70% of domestic water is
released as wastewater, most of which can
be recovered if it is properly treated. Hence,
wastewater should be seen as a resource
rather than waste.
 Wastewater can be mainly classified into two
categories:
– Grey water – wastewater generated from
kitchens, laundry, bathrooms, etc.
– Black water – wastewater from toilets
containing faucal matter and urine, which is also
called as “sewage”

INDIAN SCENARIO
 India cities and towns generate
38000KL waste water daily.
 Sewage treatment facilities are
limited in our country and many of
the treatment facilities are not
functioning properly.
 The organic pollutant (measured as
BOD/COD/SS) removal performances
of conventional technologies
employed in a majority of STPS under
GAP/NRAP have been extensively
studied and reported.
 But microbial pollutants(measured as
NATIONAL STATUS OF WASTE WATER
MPN of Total and faucal coliforms ) GENERATION & TREATMENT
removal performances are not
getting monitored properly.

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WHY IS RE-CYCLING NECESSARY?

USES OF TREATED WATER

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COMPOSITION OF GREYWATER

COMPOSITION OF GREYWATER

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COMPOSITION OF GREYWATER

TREATMENT OF GREYWATER

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DUAL PLUMBING SYSTEM

DUAL PLUMBING SYSTEM

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RECOMMENDED TREATED WATER QUALITY

SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANTS (STP)

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SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANTS (STP)

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SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANTS (STP)

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SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANTS (STP)

SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANTS (STP)

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DEWATS (DECENTRALISED WATER

TREATMENT SYSTEM)

WASTE STABILIZATION POND SYSTEMS

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ROOT ZONE WASTE WATER TREATMENT

ROOT ZONE WASTE WATER TREATMENT

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ROOT ZONE WASTE WATER TREATMENT

ROOT ZONE WASTE WATER TREATMENT

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STP SELECTION CRITERIA

COMPLIANCE CRITERIA

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4. RAINWATER HARVESTING

INTRODUCTION
Increasing water –shortage in urban area , even in the
places that receive bimodal rains and increasing
pollution loads is reaching a critical point, especially in
densely populated cities. To meet the ever –increasing
water demand, there is an incessant sourcing of ground
water without Any replenishment leading to sever
ground water depletion.

SOLUTION
Rain water harvesting (tanks,
ponds, roof tops rainwater
harvesting) to build local aquifers
wherever feasible and/or shortage
of harvested water for meeting the
water requirement during the
scarcity days.

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RAIN WATER HARVESTING

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TYPES OF RWH

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TYPES OF RWH

RWH – FACTORS TO BE CONSIDERED

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RWH – FACTORS TO BE CONSIDERED

RWH – FACTORS TO BE CONSIDERED

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RWH – FACTORS TO BE CONSIDERED

RWH – FACTORS TO BE CONSIDERED

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RWH – FACTORS TO BE CONSIDERED

RWH – FACTORS TO BE CONSIDERED

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GROUND WATER RECHARGE

ARTIFICIAL RECHARGE OF GROUND

WATER

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RWH – FACTORS TO BE CONSIDERED

COMPONENTS OF ARTIFICIAL RECHARGE

PROCESS

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GROUND WATER AQUIFERS

TYPE OF RWH RECHARGE STRUCTURES

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TYPE OF RWH RECHARGE STRUCTURES

TYPE OF RWH RECHARGE STRUCTURES

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TYPE OF RWH RECHARGE STRUCTURES

TYPE OF RWH RECHARGE STRUCTURES

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TYPE OF RWH RECHARGE STRUCTURES

TYPE OF RWH RECHARGE STRUCTURES

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STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES

ROOF TOP RAINWATER HARVESTING

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ROOF TOP RAINWATER HARVESTING

ADVANTAGE OF ROOF TOP RAINWATER

HARVESTING

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COMPONENTS OF ROOF TOP RAINWATER

HARVESTING

COMPONENTS OF ROOF TOP RAINWATER

HARVESTING

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FILTRATION ROOF-TOP RWH

FILTRATION ROOF-TOP RWH

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FILTRATION ROOF-TOP RWH

FILTRATION ROOF-TOP RWH

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FILTRATION ROOF-TOP RWH

RAINWATER STORAGE

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