3 2 2 1

19. 0,4x y + 31+ xy − 0,6y 3 − x 2 y − 0,2xy 2 + y 3 − 6

2
8 5 4
2 2−2 2 3 2 3 − 16
, ,
14
0,4x 2 y − x 2 y = x y=0 xy − 0,2xy 2 = xy 2 = xy 2 = 0,175xy 2
5 5 8 8 8
1 − 2,4 + 1 3 , 3
14
− 0,6y 3 + y 3 = y =− y = − 0,35y 3 31− 6 = 25
4 4 4
= 0,175xy 2 − 0,35y 3 + 25

3 7 m − 2 3 m−1 1 m− 2 1
m−1
− + a − − 0,2a m − 1 + b m − 2
20. 25 a 50
b
5 25
b
5
3 m − 1 3 m −1 3 + 15 − 5 m − 1 13 m − 1 7 m − 2 1 m − 2 1 m − 2 − 7 − 2 + 10 m − 2 1 m − 2
a + a − 0,2a m − 1 = a = a − b − b + b = b = b
25 5 25 25 50 25 5 50 50
13 m − 1 1 m − 2
= a + b
25 50

EJERCICIO 11

Para resolver los problemas del 1 al 18 las literales toman los siguientes valores:
a = 1 b = 2 c = 3 m = 1/2 n = 1/3 p = 1/4

1. 3ab = 3 ⋅1⋅ 2 = 6

2. 5a 2b3 c = 5 ⋅12 ⋅ 23 ⋅ 3 = 5 ⋅ 8 ⋅ 3 = 120 4a 4 ⋅1 4 2

12. = = =
3bc 3 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 3 18 9
2 1 1 4 2
3. b mn = 2 ⋅ ⋅ = =
2
2
2 3 6 3  1 1
5⋅ 2 2 ⋅   20 ⋅
5b m 2 2
 2 4 5
13. = = = = 60
2 3
 1   1 1 1 1 6 1
4. 24m n p = 24     ⋅ = 6⋅ ⋅ = = 1 1 1 1
2 3
np
 2   3 4 27 4 108 18 ⋅
3 4 12 12
3
2 4 2 3 2 4 2  1 2 1 8 1 3 3 3 3 3 ⋅ 8 24
5. a b m = ⋅ 1 ⋅ 2 ⋅   = ⋅ 4⋅ = = ⋅2
3 3  2 3 8 24 3 14.
4
b
6
=4 = 4 = 4 = =1
2 2 2 2 2 ⋅ 9 18 6
7 3 2 7
2
 1  1 189 1 1 189 63 c ⋅3
6. c p m = ⋅ 33 ⋅   ⋅ = ⋅ ⋅ = = 3 3 3 3
12 12  4  2 12 16 2 384 128
1
2⋅
2 3
 1   1 1 1 1 1 1
7. m n p =     ⋅ = ⋅ ⋅ = 2m 1 1
b c a
= 2 = = =3
 2   3 4 4 27 4 432 15.
n2  1
2
1 1
 
5 b −1 c − 2 5 2 −1  1 
3− 2
5 1 5  3 9 3
8. a ⋅ m = ⋅1 ⋅   = ⋅ =
6 6  2 6 2 12
1 1 24
9. 2bc 2 = 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 32 = 4 ⋅ 9 = 36 = 6 24mn 24 ⋅ ⋅ 4
16. = 2 3 = 6 =
2 ⋅ n2 p2 2
 1  1 
2
1 1 1
1 3 2⋅     2⋅ ⋅ 2⋅
10. 4m ⋅ 12bc = 4 ⋅ ⋅ 12 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 32 = 2 ⋅ 3 216 = 2 ⋅ 6 = 12
3 2
2  3  4  9 16 144
4 4
1 1 1 8 4 = = = 24
11. mn ⋅ 8a b = ⋅ ⋅ 8 ⋅14 ⋅ 23 = ⋅ 64 = =
4 3 1 1
2 3 6 6 3 2⋅
12 6
 3 ⋅ 3 64 ⋅ 2 3 ⋅ 36
17. 3 ⋅ 64b c =
3 3 6
= 3 ⋅ 3 64 ⋅ 8 ⋅ 729 = 3 ⋅ 3 373.248 = 3 ⋅ 72 = 216
2m 1
2⋅
2

3 3 1 3 4 3 3 3
18. ⋅ apb 2 ⋅ 1⋅ ⋅ 2 2 ⋅ ⋅ 1
5 =
5 4
=
5 4
= 5 = 5 = 5 = 6 = 2
3 3 250 3 ⋅ 3 125 3 ⋅ 5 15 75 25
⋅ 125bm 3 ⋅ 3 125 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 1 3 ⋅ 3
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

EJERCICIO 12

Para resolver los problemas del 1 al 18 las literales toman los siguientes valores:
a = 3 b = 4 c = 1/3 d = 1/2 m = 6 n = 1/4

1. a 2 − 2ab + b 2 = 32 − 2 ⋅ 3 ⋅ 4 + 42 = 9 − 24 + 16 = 1

1 1 1 4 + 12 + 9 25
2 2
 1 1 1  1
2. c + 2cd + d =   + 2 ⋅ ⋅ +   = + + = =
2 2
 3 3 2  2 9 3 4 36 36

a b 3 4
3. + = + = 9 + 8 = 17
c d 1 1
3 2

1
c m
− + 2 = 3 − 6 + 2 = 2 − 24 + 2 = 2 − 72 + 6 = − 64
4. 1 1
d n 3 3 3
2 4

a 2 b 2 m2 32 42 62 9 16 36
5. − + = − + = − + = 3 − 8 + 6 =1
3 2 6 3 2 6 3 2 6

3 1 3 1 1 1 1 1− 10 + 5 4
6. c − b + 2d = ⋅ − ⋅ 4 + 2 ⋅ = − 2 + 1= =−
5 2 5 3 2 2 5 5 5

1 1
3⋅ 4⋅
ab ac bd 3 ⋅ 4 3 2 12 1 2 1 144 + 6 − 1 149
+ − = + − = + − = 48 + 2 − = = = 49 23
7. n d m 1 1 6 1 1 6 3 3 3
4 2 4 2

1 1 4 + 1+ 12 17
8. b + n + 6m = 4 + + 6⋅6 = 2 + + 6 = = = 8 21
4 2 2 2

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 − 16 + 1 13
9. c 3a − d 16b + n 8d = ⋅ 3 ⋅ 3 − ⋅ 16 ⋅ 4 + ⋅ 8 ⋅ = ⋅ 3 − ⋅16 + ⋅ 2 = 1− 8 + = =− =−6
2 2 1
2
3 2 4 2 3 2 4 2 2 2

ma 63 216
10. = 4 = = 216 ⋅ 16 = 3.456
 1 1
b
d
 
 2 16
 2 2
 1  1 1 1
3  4 
11. 3 2 4n  3  4
2
1 1 2+1 3 1
c + = + = 3+ 4= + = = =
4 m 4 6 4 6 12 24 24 24 8
2 2
4d 2 16n 2  1  1 2 8 1 1
12. + − 1= 2 ⋅   + 8 ⋅   − 1 = + − 1 = + − 1= 1 − 1 = 0
2 2  2  4 4 16 2 2

a + b b + m 3 + 4 4 + 6 7 10
− = − = − = 21− 20 = 1
13. c d 1 1 1 1
3 2 3 2

b−a m−b 4−3 6−4 1 2

+ + 5a = + + 5 ⋅ 3 = + + 15 = 4 + 4 + 15 = 23
14. n d 1 1 1 1
4 2 4 2

1 1
12 ⋅ − 3 16 ⋅ − 3
12c − a 16n − a 1 3 4 1 4−3 4−3 1 1 3 − 4 + 48 47
15. − + = − + = − +2= − +2= = = 1 23
2b m d 2⋅4 6 1 8 6 8 6 24 24 24

3a 6m 3⋅ 3 6⋅6 9 36 3 6
16. 4b + − = 4⋅4 + − = 16 + − = 4 + − = 4 + 1− 1= 4
3 6 3 6 3 6 3 6

1 1 1
4 + 2⋅ 3⋅ + 8⋅
17. b + 2d 3c + 8d 2 3 2 2 + 1 1+ 2 3 3 6 − 3 3
− = − = − = − = =
2 4 2 4 2 4 2 4 4 4

2
9  1
3⋅ 2 +  
3⋅
2 ⋅ a b 3⋅ 2 + d
2 2 2
2⋅ 3 ⋅4 2
1 2 ⋅ 144
2
4  21
18. + − a⋅ n = + − 3⋅ = + − 3⋅
3 4 3 4 4 3 4 2
3 9
2 ⋅ 12 3⋅ 2 3 24 2 3 9 3 64 + 9 − 12 61 5
= + − = + − = 8+ − = = =78
3 4 2 3 4 2 8 2 8 8

EJERCICIO 13

Para los problemas 1 al 24 las literales toman los siguientes valores:

a = 1 b = 2 c = 3 d = 4 m = 1/2 n = 2/3 p = 1/4 x = 0

1. (a + b)⋅ c − d = (1 + 2)⋅ 3 − 4 = 3 ⋅ 3 − 4 = 9 − 4 = 5

( )( ) ( )(
2. a + b b − a = 1 + 2 2 − 1 = 3 ⋅ 1 = 3 )
 1  2  4 − 1  9 − 2  7+8
( )( 2
)
3. b − m c − n + 4a =  2 −   3 −  + 4 ⋅ 1 = 
2 3
2
  + 4= ⋅ + 4= + 4=
2  3  2 3 2 2
3 7 7
=
15 1
2
=72

4. (2m + 3n)(4 p + b ) =  2 ⋅ 21 + 3⋅ 23  4 ⋅ 41 + 2  = (1+ 2)(1+ 4) = 3⋅ 5 = 15

2 2

 1
( )( )(2 4
2
)2
3
1
5. 4m + 8 p a + b 6n − d =  4 ⋅ + 8  1 + 2  6 ⋅ − 4 = 2 + 2 ⋅ 3⋅ 0 = 0
2 2
( ) 2 
( )
  2 − 1 1
( )( )( )( ) (
6. c − b d − c b − a m − p = 3 − 2 4 − 3 2 − 1  −  = 1⋅ 1⋅ 1 )( )( )  21 1
4
 =
4  4

 1 2  3+ 4 7 168 − 7 161
2
( 2
) 2
(
7. b c + d − a m + n + 2 x = 2 3 + 4 − 1 
2
) ( ) +  + 2⋅ 0 = 4⋅ 7 − 
2 3  6 
 = 28 − =
6 6
=
6
= 26 56

( ) 1
( )
8. 2mx + 6 b + c − 4d = 2 ⋅ ⋅ 0 + 6 2 + 3 − 4 ⋅ 4 = 6 4 + 9 − 4 ⋅ 16 = 6 ⋅ 13 − 64 = 78 − 64 = 14
2 2 2 2 2 2
2
( )
 1 1
 8m 16 p   8⋅ 16 ⋅  4 4 4 2 2+ 6 8
 +  a= 2 + 4  ⋅1 = + = + 2 = + 2= = = 2 23
9.  9n b   9⋅ 2 2  18 2 6 3 3 3
 3  3

(
10. x + m a + d − c = 0 +
b c a
) 2
(1 + 4 − 3 ) = 2 (1+ 64 − 3) = 21 ⋅ 62 = 31
1 2 3 1 1

 1 1
(
11. 4 m + p ÷ a + b =  2
2 2
) 4 + 
4 1 + 2
÷
2 2
 2 + 1 1 + 4
= 4 ÷
3 5 3 27
= 4⋅ ÷ = = = 5 25
2
a c 1 32
 4  9 4 9 5 5
9

( )(
12. 2m + 3n + 4 p 8 p + 6n − 4m 9n + 20 p )( )
 1 1  1 1  2 1
=  2 ⋅ + 3⋅ + 4 ⋅   8 ⋅ + 6 ⋅ − 4 ⋅   9 ⋅ + 20 ⋅  = ( 1 + 2 + 1)(2 + 4 − 2)(6 + 5) = 4 ⋅ 4 ⋅ 11 = 176
2 2
 2 3 4  4 3 2  3 4

(
13. c m + n − d m + p + b n + p
2 2 2
) ( ) ( )
1 2  1 1  2 1 7 3 11 21 44 126 − 144 + 44 26
= 32  +  − 4 2  +  + 2 2  +  = 9 ⋅ − 16 ⋅ + 4 ⋅ = − 12 + = = = 2 122 = 2 16
2 3  2 4  3 4 6 4 12 2 12 12 12

 c2 + d 2 2   32 + 4 2 2  1  9 + 16 2  1  25 2  1 1 5
 ÷ =  ÷ ⋅ = ÷  ⋅ =  ÷  ⋅ = 5⋅ = = 2 12
14.   m  1  
4 2  1 2 2  1 2 2 2 2
 a d 

15. (4 p + 2b)(18n − 24 p) + 2 (8m + 2)(40 p + a )

 1  1  1  1 
=  4 ⋅ + 2 ⋅ 2  18 ⋅ − 24 ⋅  + 2  8 ⋅ + 2  40 ⋅ + 1 = (1 + 4)(12 − 6) + 2 (4 + 2) (11) = 5⋅ 6 + 2 ⋅ 66 = 30 + 132 = 162
2
 4  3 4  2  4 

2
2 5+
2 5+
d 2 4  1 2+ 4 1 6
a+ 5 + 2 1+  
b⋅ m = 2⋅  2 2 4 5 + 8 3 5 + 8 3 13 3 624
16. = ⋅ = 2⋅ = ⋅ = ⋅ = ⋅ 208 = = 312
d −b p2 4 − 2  1 2 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 2
 
 4 16 16 16 16

 2 2 90 − 2 88
2

( ) 2 2
( )
17. a + b ⋅ c + 8b − m ⋅ n = 1 + 2 ⋅ 3 + 8 ⋅ 2 − ⋅   = 3⋅ 25 − ⋅ = 3⋅ 5 − = 15 − =
2 1
2  3
1 2
2 3
2
6 6 6
= = 14 46 = 14 23
6

 2
 a+c  1+ 3 6⋅ 
6n  1  4 4
 ÷ (c + d )⋅ p =  ÷ (3 + 4)⋅
3 1 2 4
 + + = +  ÷ 7⋅ = =
18.  2 b   2 2  4  2 2  2 7 7
 
  2
 ( ) ( )
19. 3 c − b ⋅ 32m − 2 d − a ⋅ 16 p −
2
n

= 3 (3 − 2)⋅ 32 ⋅ − 2 (4 − 1)⋅ 16 ⋅ − = 3⋅ 16 − 6 ⋅ 4 − = 3⋅ 4 − 6 ⋅ 2 − 3 = 12 − 12 − 3 = − 3
1 1 2 6
2 4 2 2
3

6abc 3mn cdnp

20. + −
2 ⋅ 8b 2(b − a ) abc
1 2 2 1
3⋅ ⋅
6 ⋅ 1⋅ 2 ⋅ 3 3⋅ 4 ⋅ ⋅
= +
2 3
− 3 4 = 36 + 1 − 2 = 6 + 1 − 1 = 18 + 12 − 8 = 22 = 11
2 ⋅ 8⋅ 2 2(2 − 1) 1⋅ 2 ⋅ 3 2 ⋅ 16 2 6 8 2 3 24 24 12

a 2 + b2 12 + 2 2 5 + 216 221
2 + 3 (a + b)(2a + 3b) = 2 + 3 (1 + 2)(2 ⋅ 1 + 3⋅ 2) = + 3⋅ 3⋅ 8 = + 72 =
5 5
21. = = 73 23
b −a
2
2 − 12 3 3 3 3

2
 1 1   1 1  1 1 
22. b 2 +  +  +  + + 
 a b   b c   n m
2
 
 1 1   1 1  1 1 
2 2
 3 5  3  5  7 21 49 70 35
= 2 +  +   +  +  +  = 4 +  ⋅  +  + 2 = 4 + +   = +
2
= = = 17 21
 1 2   2 3  2 1   2 6  2  4  2 4 4 4 2
 3 2

(2m + 3n)(4 p + 2c) − 4m 2

n2
4 189 − 4 185
2 2
 1 2  1   1  2
=  2 ⋅ + 3⋅   4 ⋅ + 2 ⋅ 3 − 4     = (1 + 2)(1 + 6 ) − 4 ⋅ ⋅ = 3⋅ 7 − = 21 − =
23. 1 4 4
= = 20 95
 2 3  4   2   3 4 9 9 9 9 9

c 3 2 2
b2 − 22 −
3 − n = 3 − 3 = 3 − 3 = 3 − 4 = 6 − 4 = 54 − 28 = 26
24. 2ab − m b − m 1 1 1 3 7 9 7 9 63 63
2 ⋅1⋅ 2 − 2− 4−
2 2 2 2 2

EJERCICIO 14
1. a + b + m
(
10. $ x + a − m ) 18. x 2 m2

2. m2 + b3 + x 4 (
11. m − a − b − c Km ) ( ) (
19. $ 3a + 6b ; $ ax + bm )
12. $ (n − 300)
3. a + 1 ; a + 2 20. (a + b)( x + y )
4. x − 1 ; x − 2 13. (365− x) días 21. $ (8 x + 48)
5. y + 2 ; y + 4 ; y + 6
22. bs. (a − 8)(x + 4)
14. $ 8a ; $15a ; $ ma
(
6. $ a + x + m ) c
15. 2a + 3b + 75
7. m − n 2 23. sucres
x
(
8. bs. x − 6 ) 16. a ⋅ b m2
a
(
9. x − m Km ) 17. 23n m2 24. $
m