3

2. a. 27 = 3
6
BAB 5 b. 729 = 3
5
c. 243 = 3
7
PANGKAT DAN AKAR d. 2187 = 3
9
e. 19683 = 3
10
f. 59049 = 3
3
3. a. 125 = 5
4
b. 625 = 5
6
Latihan 1 c. 15625 = 5
7
d. 78125 = 5
7
A. Evaluasi Pengertian atau Ingatan 4. a. (-2) = (-2)x(-2)x(-2)x(-2)x(-2)x(-2)x-(2)
= -128
6 2
1. C. 7 b. (-5) = (-5) x (-5) = 25
6 4
7 x7x7x7x7x7=7 c. (-8) = (-8) x (-8) x (-8) x (-8) = 4096
3
d. (-13) = (-13) x (-13) x (-13) = -2197
2. A. 4 x 4 x 4 x 4 x 4
5= 2
4 4x4x4x4x4 5. a. 3 x 6 = 3 x 36 = 108
2
b. (-3) x (-6) = (-3) x 36 = -108
4 4
3. B. 3 c. (-2) x 3 = -2 x 81 = -162
4 2 3 2
1 x (1+2) x (3+0) x (4-1) x (5-2) = 3 d. (-6) + 2 - 7 = 36 + 8 - 49 = -5
3 3 3
e. 4 + 5 - 6 = 64 + 125 - 216 = -27
7 3 3 3
4. B. 3 f. 3 + 6 - 5 = 27 + 216 - 125 = 118
2 5 2+5 7
3 x3 =3 =3

5. C
5
8 =8x 8 x8 x8 x 8 Latihan 2
6. A. 3x5
5 + 4 + 3 + 2 + 1 = 15 = 3 x 5 A. Evaluasi Pengertian atau Ingatan

7. C. Pangkat 1 1 1 1
1. D. 6 =
-4
  
6 6 6 6
8. A.
3
(-5) = (-5) x (-5) x (-5) 2. B. a ≠0

9. C. 5.764.801 3. D. a<0 atau a>0

15
10. C. 2 4. B. 5
3 3 5 15
8 = (2 ) = 2 0 0 0 0 0
5 + 3 + 4 + 1 + 1 = 1+1+1+1+1 = 5

13
B. Evaluasi Pemahaman dan Penguasaan 5. B. 1
36
Materi
1 1 13
-2
3 +2 +1 =
-2 -2
 1 1
7
1. a. 2 = 128 9 4 36
6
b. 5 = 15.625
5 1
c. 3 = 243 6. B. 
4
d. 6 = 1296 125
3
e. 7 = 343
7 -4
f. (-3) = -343 7. A. -(-5)
8 -3 -3 -4 -4
g. (-2) = 256 (-5) + (5) – (-5) = -(-5)
5
h. (-6) = -7.776
5
i. (-7) = -16.807
3
j. (-9) = -729

Kunci Penyelesaian Matematika SMP Jilid 3– Sukino Bab 5 | page 70

 -4
8. A. 3  1 1
4

e. 
8  512  32
3
 1  1   1   1
-4
(-3) =       
  
2 16
 3  3  3   3
1  1  1  
1 1 
4
=      f. 
16
1
  16  1
3  3  3  
3 2  16
4
1 
=  3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
3  5. a.(1 +2 +3 +4 +5 +6 +7 +8 +9 +10 )-5x11
= (3)
-4 = (1+8+27+64+125+216+343+512+729
+1000)-(5x11)
9. A. 1 = 2970
x-y -x+y 0
2 =2 =1 3 3 3
b. 65 +75 +85 = 274∙625+421∙
875+
10. D. 5
-4 614∙125
4 = 1.310.625
1 1 
  54
625 5 

B. Evaluasi Pemahaman dan Penguasaan

Materi Latihan 3
1
-2 -4 1
1. a. 3 = c. 5 = A. Evaluasi Pengertian atau Ingatan
9 625
-3 1 0
b. 4 = d. 4 = 1 34
64 1. A.
54
1 1
2. a. 54 c. 5 5 4
625 3125  2
2. A.  
1 1 24  7
b. 5 7 d. 51
78125 2 3
3. C. 1
7
1  7
3. a.   (2)
2 
1 11
3 4. A.
1  3 5 5 5
b.   (5)

5 3 3
2  1  11 1
4 0, 23    
1  4 3 4  10  5  5 5 5
c.   (8) ( 2 ) 2
12


8
3 5. C
1  3
d.  (13) 4
7  10  10 10 10 10
4
13  0,7 4     
10  7  7 7 7 7
4
1  1
4. a. 8   23 
2 4 21  6. B. 0,00001
2  2
7. D. 6
4
1  3
b. 16   2 2 2 0,013  1 
4 4 8
 100 10 10
2

3 3 6

2 100 
2
↓
c. (-4) x (-6) = -4 x 36 = 144 angka 0 ada 6 buah
-2 -2
d. (-4) x (-2) = (-2)∙
(2)∙
(-2) 8. C. 9
1
(2) =  2  
100
1 1 1 1 1
-1 5
= (-2) ∙ 1     
2 100 100 100 100 100
= 0,0000000001→banyak angka 0
dibelakang koma
ada 9.

Kunci Penyelesaian Matematika SMP Jilid 3– Sukino Bab 5 | page 71

 0 2
1  9 3 
9. A.   3. a. 0,09   
8  100 10 
0
1 2 5 8 1 
   1   3
8 8 8 8 8  1331 11 
b. 1, 331   
1000 10 
2
10. C. 2
2 3 4 5 120 216 6 
3
 4 2 2 c. 0, 216   
3 10 30 1000 10 

2
B. Evaluasi Pemahaman dan Penguasaan 196 14 
d. 8, 72   
Materi 25 5 

9
1 
6
2  2
6
1
1. a.   4. a.    6 0, 08779
512 2  3  3
4
1 1 
b.   7
 2
7
625 5  2
b.    7 0,0585
1 1 
4
 3 3
c.  
10000 10  3 3
7  2  7 73 343
1 1  c.     3  42,875
.    7  2 2 8
2187 3 
4 4
 3  4
4
4 256
22 22 22 d.      4  3,16
2. a.    4  3 3 81
3 2
2 2 3 4 5
3 8 3 2
 2  2
2 
2 2 2 2
2 3 2 3 3 4
3  3
4
81
2 
4
32 e.    4  0,0055
 4  
11 11 14641
3 25
16  9
 3
11  2  2
3 3
81 32 f.      3 
8
0,006
144 2  11  11 1331
 5 5
11   7 
5
113 7 16807
g.       5 
2 2
7   11  11 161051
1  1 
1 1 27 4 0,104358
   
b. 2  3 
4 27  108 11  11
4
14641
4
3 2
9 8 h.    4  23, 4256
1  1  1 1 5 
   8 9 72
5 625
2  3 
31 32 11 
2
 5. a.  0, 909090... 4, 4
108 17 5 
62 11
 1
51 51 5 5
0, 409090... 11  0,409090... 11 
b.    3  
2 1 1.331 10  11  10 
1  2   5 1  
c.     2 4   7
1
10 
 
2 5 2 2
2
10 
2 1
0, 409090...  
11 
2 2 2
3  2  1  2  2 
d.         3
2  3  3  3  3  0,338
8
 3
9
8
3
9

Kunci Penyelesaian Matematika SMP Jilid 3– Sukino Bab 5 | page 72

 Latihan 4 e. 25
1
2 5

1
A. Evaluasi Pengertian atau Ingatan 15 1 5 1
f. 243   
243  3
2
1. B. 7 3

2 5
2 2
25 1 5 1  5 1  1
g. (32)       
2. A. 2 32  2  2  4
8   3 
2 
1 1

2 3 3 3 1
 2 2 3 2 2  2
  1
 1 4 1
h. 
256
14
  
256  4
16
3. C.
81
81 4 
5 3 
2 3 3
2 4
3
3
45 4 5 4 5
5 4 2. a. 125 3 4
243  3 5

 
3 3 
   25     = 25 – 27 = -2
32    2  2 
4 1 2
2  16 b. 9 2 125 3
3 25 28
  
3  81
2 1
c. 8 3
16 4
3 64 2 4 2 6
3
4. A. 3

2 44 
3 2 3 2
4 3
d. 16 4 27 3 3 33 8 9 
1
5. B. 2, 6, 4
11 2 1
e. 4 27 3  43 3 8 3 11
6. A. 35 3
6 11 1
3 5
3 5
3 
3 5
35 3 3 2 1 1
f . 16 4
8 3
 

2 4 
4. 3
3. 2
2 3
1
7. D. 1 1 3
3
6 36 =  
8 4 8
12 3 1 1
6  2 
1 3 3
6 6 36 1 23 4
25 2 8 5 3 3
g.
13
 5, 4
3 81 4
8. C. 3 4

3
27  3 3
4 4 3 4 1 3 4
9 2 16 3 3
h.  
-1 8
2
3 8 4 32
9. C. 3

27    
6 6
3  18 
3 6 1
 3 3
18 18 3
 
1 1 2 7
i. 49 2 36 
6
3
10. C. 2 3 23 1
64 81 4 3 3 9
j.
13
 
27 16 16
B. Evaluasi Pemahaman dan Penguasaan
Materi 3
3. a. 67 5
12, 46
1
1. a. 32 5
2 1
14 50,69
1,7 3
b. 6
1
b. 64 3 4 2
11 3
1
c. 1 1, 49
c. 216 3
6 11 2

d. 
183 
1815 0, 46
2 1 2 
2 4
3 8 2 64 4
5
d. 8 3 3

Kunci Penyelesaian Matematika SMP Jilid 3– Sukino Bab 5 | page 73

 2 1
e. 143 3
27, 35 5. A.
9
15 3n12 92n 7  n122 n7 5n
2
8 153 4 19 20 3
f. 3 8 8 0,1387 35 n
4 n 124 n145 n
8 3
1
1 3 32 
g. 2 4
3 4
1,1892 0,43869 0, 52169 9

3 1 1 3
h. 7 4 6
7 8
0, 784 6. A. 
2
1

1 
2mL 1 
4. a. H   
0,6 0,1 1

r L 
0
3 10 
1 
2 2
1
  33 
3 3
3  3   1    2
c 3        3  3
b. E  2  2   3  3 2 
5 
t e c 1

1 10
    
9 3
9 3 6 2

7. C. 0
5. 5  14  1  9  5  14  4 1
1  2

0,5 
0, 5 4
1
16 0 ,125
2 8  
 5  14 2 2 
1 1
 5 4 3 2 2 2 2

=0

8. D. 0
3
8 8 4 
2 4
1 1 3 3 3 5 1

Latihan 5   32  2 2 2 4 4 2 2 2
 
3 3
=2 - 2
=0
A. Evaluasi Pengertian atau Ingatan
7 9. C. 1
1. B. X a(b-c) b(c-a) c(a-b) ab- ac+bc-ab+ac-bc
x ∙
x ∙
x =x
0
x  x x 
x x
3 12 2 6 4 3 7
=x =1

10. D. 1

4
2. B. x3
2n 4 2 2 n 3 2 n4 2n 1 3
2  2
 
2 1 1 2 1 1
x 3 
x 4 x 6 x 3 x 4 6
2 2 n 3
2n4
2 1
x 3 12 2 n4 2n 1 2n 1

x
9
12
x
3
4
4 x 3 2n 4
n4
2
 n4 1
1 7 2
3. A. x 6 
y 12

1
y 14  x 2 3
1
  
y 
1 1 1 2 1 1 1
1 x
3 2 3 2 3  B. Evaluasi Pemahaman dan Penguasaan
x  12  y 2 4 3
x  y 3 Materi
1 7
x 6

y 12 2 4
1. a. 2 ∙2 = 2 = 64
6

2 4 -2 1
b. 2 : 2 = 2 =
a 4
4. B. 2 4 8
b c. (2 ) = 2 = 256
5 -2 3
2 d. 4 ∙4 = 4 = 64
a 12  3 3 2 4 -2 6
e. 4 : 4 = 4 = 4096
 b  a 32  3 3 a
 b 2 
 1 3 2    1 
10

a 
b 1
b  = 
5 -2 -10
f. (4 ) = 4
4  1. 048.576
3 4 7
g. 3 ∙3 = 3 = 2187

Kunci Penyelesaian Matematika SMP Jilid 3– Sukino Bab 5 | page 74

 3
b 
3 4 1 -1 3 2  b 1
h. 3 : 3 = 3 = a   4 3
3   3 8 631
b. a 4

b 4

a b
3 4 12
i. (3 ) = 3 = 531.441 2 4
1
4
-2 4 2
j. 5 ∙5 = 5 = 25
6 3 3
8
1 
8
1 a 4
 4
k. 5 : 5 = 5 =    b
-2 4 -6

5  15. 625
9 -4 5
8 6. a. b ∙b = b
1  1
l. (5 ) = 5 =   
-2 4 -8
4

5 390.625 1 
b. y ∙y = y = 
y 
-6 2 -4

2 4 6
 
2. a. x ∙x = x 4
1 
∙m = m =  
-10 6 -4
2 4 1-2 c. m
b. x : x = x = 2 m 
x 12 3 15
2 4
c. (x ) = x
8 d. x ∙x = x

 
3 4 7 6
d. y ∙y = y 3 1 x
e. 3 x 2  y4  
3 4 -1 1 27 x 6 y12 27 y 12
e. y : y = y =
y
  4ba
6
2
3 4
f. (y ) = y
12 f. 2ab3 2
5 -2 3
g. z ∙z = z 2
4 -2
h. z : z = z
6 2 x 1
 4
g. 
y 
 x 2 y 2
5 -2 -10
i. (z ) = z = 10
1  
z 4m 
2

h.  3  16m 2 n6
-2 4 2
j. n ∙n = n
-2
k. n : n = n
4 -6 n 
-2 4 -8 2
l. (n ) = n 6a 4  a8
i. 
c 3  
 36c 6
 
3 2 5 5 3
3. a. (2x) ∙(2x) = (2x) = 32x 5 x  1
3 2
b. (2a) : (2a) = (2a) = 2ª
1
j. 
y 4 
 125 
3 3
c. (xy) : (xy) = 1   x3 
y 12
4 3 4 3
d. (10y) : (5y) = (2∙ 5y) : (5y)
4 3
= 16∙(5y) : (5y)
0
= 16∙(5y) = 80y 7. a. (3ª+b) = 1
4 3 0
e. (ya) : (ya) = ya b. (14a+8b) = 1
2 2 2 2 4 0 0
f. (3z) (5z) = (15z ) = 225z c. m + n = 2
4 4 4 4 0
g. (6z) : (3z) = (2∙ 3z) : (3z) d. m + 3n = m + 3
4 4 0
= 16(3z) : (3z) e. 3x + y = 3 + y
0 0
= 16 f. 7x + 8y = 15
4 4
h. (zt) : (zt) = 1 3a 
0

g.  2  1
2b 
2  2 2 
2 3 4 5 14
2 2
4. a.  13 2 17 x  2 0

2  h.  54 y 2 
7 6
 1
2 2
2 
2
2 
3
2 
4
2
5
2
14
 
b.  0
62 202 22  32  42  52 i. 18 = 1
2 0
8 j. (46 ) = 1
2 256
 2 2  1,1378
3  5 225
x 4 y 3 z3 y 7 z8
6 
3
8 
4
9
2
2 
3
3 
3
2 
12
3
4
8. a. 
c. 5 4 2  5 8 2 25  32 x 6 y 4 z 5 x10
3 4  2 3  2  2
= 32∙9
= 288
b.
ab c2 0
c3 x 3
3

x 3
2 a3 3a 3
1 1 2 3 2
8a 3 
3a 3 a 3 m  n p
3
p
6

5. a.  c. 3

m p m 
0 3 2
2 3
a 
6a 2 6a 2 n
313 23 2
4a 2
a 3 b4  a5
4a d.  
2
c  

 3
a  b 
8
c6

Kunci Penyelesaian Matematika SMP Jilid 3– Sukino Bab 5 | page 75

 3 3 1 16
x 4 
y3  z0  y 24 e. m 7

m 3
m 21
e. 
 z4   
 x12 
 y 5  z12
3
1
f.  y 2
1 3 y 4
x 2
  1
f.
a b 
a
 2
0 1 3 2   x 2
a b b 2 5

1 3 1 3 5 1
g. y 8
y 4
y 8 4
y 8
 5
x y z 4 3 0
xz 4
y 8
g. 4

2 x z 2 y
3 3

2
b 21 1
2 3
h. b 3
 1
m 
3 1 2
n n 3
b 3
h. 4 6  6 b
m 
n m
2 1 5
2 i. b 9

b 3
b 9

3x  y  9x 2 4 10
i. 
9x 3  
2   4
 y  y x
35
3 53 4 3
j.
34
x x 20

3 x
a 4 
b2 c b32
j. 
ab 6   
 c3 
 a 
20
c8 x
1
2 
x
3
4 1 3 1 9
11. a. 1 x 2 4 8
x 8
8
1 5 x
9. a. 9 3 
9 3 9
2

3
a 3 
a 7 33 71 3 47 21 1
3 1 b.
13
a a  47
b. 8 4 
8 4 8 1
a a 21

1 2 13
1 3 x 3
y 2 y 4
52  1 1 c. 
c. 5 2 2
5  1 1 5
3
5 x 4
y 4
x 12

52
2 1 3
1 a 7
a 2 1 1 19

10 2
1

3 d.
12
a 7 3 2 a 42

d. 3
10 2 2
10 2
a

2
10
1 1 1 3 1
x 2
y 4
x 2 8
x 8
e.  
xy8
1 3 3 1 5
1 5 8 4 8
6 6  y y
e. 5
6 6 6
6

6
6 2
 n 3
m 2 

1
 n 2 31 12

f.  1  n 3

3
3 1 1 4  41
f.
8 4
8

4 4
8
1

1 m 3 n1 m3 m 3
1
8
84

2 3
x 2 33 2 5
10. a.
32
x x 6

x
4 3 4 3 41
b. a 7 
a 5 a 7 5 a 35

3
5
y 3 1 11
c. y 5 2
y 10
1
2
y

3 1
4
d.  n2 
2 m 2
m 3
   3
  n 2

Kunci Penyelesaian Matematika SMP Jilid 3– Sukino Bab 5 | page 76

 5 1 5 Latihan 6
12. a. Penyusutan per bulan =  
100 12 1200
1
 1 1 ab a
2
2400 1. a. a 1 b2 c 0  b2 1 
a a
b. (i) Luas tahun 1994 = x 
2 2
1 1 x y
95 b. x 2 y 2  2  2  2 2
x 1000 x y x y
100
20000 2
x km 3 1 x 2 y 3 1
c. x y x  3 
2 2
19
y y3
Luas tahun 1993 = y
95 20000
y 1 n m 1 n
3 4 3
100 19 d. m 4 n3 p 0 m4  3 1  3
400000 2 n n
y km
19 2
95 2 1 1 1 n m2 nm 2 p2
n p  2  p 
2 2
(ii) Luas tahun 1996 = 1000 950km 2 e. m 2
100 m n nm
95 
(iii) Luas Tahun 2000=  950 
95 4 5

1 y x
2
100  100
3
f. x 2 y 1 
1
2
  2
x y x y
25 64 25 24 32 16
13. a.   1 3 1 x 2 z3 y 2 z 3 1
g. x y z x y  3 
2 2 2 2
3
64
2 16 16
z z3

9 6 59. 049 46. 656

5 6
b.  435 h. 
a b 2  
3 1

1

1
3
5
243 a b  2 3

3
 1  ab 1 
a 2  
2
3


 b   
 
2
 b 
56 66 38 24
c. 729 b
6
11 
53 
104 
ab 2
1 
3

n2
2 2 2 2
 n 2
n2
2 2
n 2 n2
 n2 n2

n2 
14.
2 2 2
n 1 3
2 2 
n2
2 2
n2

1 c bc 
  c  1 c
2
2
= -1 2. a. a b 
0 2 2

1 b
2

1 b
2

1 1 1 1 n 2 
    2 3
2 2 2 2
3
 3
3
 
  1 c a b 
2
b. 
a b c 2 
2 1
     c 2 
15. a.  a b2 a b 2
1 1 1 1 n2 
    3 2
3 3 
22
 2
  
  3 3   c. 
2 a 1 b  
2 1

1

a2
 2 ab   2 ab 
n 2 n6 n6 22 2
2  3 2 2 
4
2
 n2 4  n6    b   
3  2 3 3  a   a 

  3 1 2 3 y xy2 x

2
1 2 1
d. 3 x 2 y
2 2  1
3 3
1 1
4
4
3  
75 2

b. 
4
:
3 5
 
x y 2 

 
3 35
10 15
5 5 6 

 4 
1 1 1 1 7 17
2 2 5 
3 3
4 4 2 55 2 10  5
 2 1 3  7
5 5 3 
3 4 5 4 20

a b c
x b  x c  x a  abbc ac ac abbc
c. 
x c 

a 

b  x
  x  x 
x 1
0

Kunci Penyelesaian Matematika SMP Jilid 3– Sukino Bab 5 | page 77

 2 -2 -1
b. 
x 7 3 x 52  3 x 52
e. 3(x+4) (2x+5) +(x+4)(2x+5) 1 1

3x 4   x 4 
2
 x 7
 3 x 52
=
2 x 5 2 2 x 5
1

3x 52
1

3
x 4 
x 4
2x 5 2
= x 7 3 x 5 2 x 2
2x 52  
3x 52 3x 5 2
1 1

=

3 x 8x 16 2 x 13 x 20
2
 2

2 x 5 2
c. 
3 y 4 
y 25 8y 25 3 2

5x 37x 68  5 x 17 x 4 

2
= 

3 y 48y 2 25
2x 5
2
2 x 52 y 2 5
3


3 y 48y 25 y 12
2
f. 2(x+1) (3x-1) -(x+1)(3x-1)
-2 -1
y 235 y 23 5
2 x 1  x 1
2

= 
3 x 1  3x 1 d. 
4m 1m 43 6m 4 3
2
2 1

2
x 1
x 1
3 x 1 4m 1
2

6m 43
1
= 
3x 12 m 43
2

=

2 x 2 2 x 1 3 x 2 2 x 2   
4m 16m 4 10 m 23

3x 12 m 43
2
m 43
2

x 2 2 x 3  x 3 x 1
= 
3x 1 2
3x 12
4. a. H 
Lr r L  2
  Lr 4m
2 2

g. (4x-5)(x+2) +3(4x-5)(x+2)
-2 -1 4 m1 r L  2 2
2

4 x 5 3 4 x 5 
2 
= 1 1 rr
x 2 x 2 b. R  1 1  1  12
r2 r1 1 r2
1 r
4 x 5 34 x 5 
x 2 
= r2 r1
x 2 2
4 x 5 34x 2 3x 10 c. F 
1

1
=
x 2 2 f1 d f1 f2 
1 
1 1
f2 1 1 d
 
f2 f1 f1 f2
12 x 13 x 35
2
=
x 22 
f 1f 2
f1 f 2 d
2 -2 -1
h. (x-6) (x+1) -2(x-6)(x+1)
x 62 2x 6 kg m 
detm 2
 d. H  m
=
x 12 x 1 kg  det 2
m2 
x 6 2 2x 6
x 1
=
x 1
2
5. a.
3 
n 12
9 3 2 n7
n12 2
2 n7
5n

x 12x 362x 5x 6

5n
2 2
3
-8n+26
= =3
x 1 2

x 2x 48  x 6x 8 a b b c c a

x a  x b  x c 
2
   
   
 c  
=
x 1
2
x 12 b. x b

a 
 x  x 
a b a b 
b c 
bc 
c a
c a 
x
3. a. 
2 x 5
x 14 x 14 1 3
x a b b c c a
2 2 2 2 2 2

2 x 5

x 14 x 0 1
3

x 1
1
4


2 x 5x 1 3x 4
x 14 x 14
1 1

Kunci Penyelesaian Matematika SMP Jilid 3– Sukino Bab 5 | page 78

 1 1 1 Latihan 7
1  1 
7.
1 a b 1 b c 1 c a 1
b c a
  
b ab 1 c bc 1 a ac 1 1. a. 80 a4 b3  2 4 
5a4 
b 3 2 2 
a 2 5b 3
1 4a 2 5b 3
b c
   bc 4a 2b 5b
1 c bc 1 1 1
b  1  1
c bc b
98m  2 
7 
m 7 m
4 2 4 2
cb c 1 b. 2
  
bc 1 c c bc 1 1 c bc
1 c bc c. 150 x 2 y 5  5 2 
6 x 2 y 5 5 x 6 y 5 5xy 2 6 y
 1
1 c bc
104a 
b  2 
26 
a 
ab 2a
2 2 4 2
1 1 1
d. 26ab
ab bc c a
x a

ab x b
 bc x c
 ac  
8.  b  c
  a
  x ab bc ac
x  x  x  e. 3 32 x 5 y 5 3 23 
22 
x3 
x2 
y3 
y 2 2 xy 3 4x 2 y 2
     
{c ( ab )a(b c )b( c a)}
x abc
2. a. 96 x 5 y 8 
z 2  2 4 x 4 x y 8 z 2 2 2 x 2 y 4 z x
{ca cbabac bc ba}
4 x y z x
2 4
x abc

x 0 1
b. 4
81a 6 
b12 
c 9 4 3 4 
a4 
a2 
b12 
c8 
c
9.
3ab3c 2 4 a2 c
1 1 1
ba  c a  ab  c b b c  a c 
1 x x 1 x x 1 x x
192 
x y 
z 3 2 
3 x x y z z
5 2 8 6 3 2 2 6 2
c. 3

1 1 1 22 xz 2 3 3x 2 y 2 z 2
  
xb xc x a xc xb xa
1 a  a 1 b  b 1 c  c
x x x x x x
72a 7 22 
2 a6 
a 2a3
xa xb xc d.   3 2a
 a   9b 6
b 6
b
x x b x c x b x a x c x c x b x a
128m5 26 2m4  m 23m2 2m
x a x b x c e. 3 3  3 3
 a 1 (terbukti) 27 p6 32 
3 p6 3p 3
x x b x c
x y -z
10. 2 = 3 = 6 3. a. 3
y 6 y
x log2 = y log3 = -z(log2 + log3)
1 1 1 yz xz xy b. 3
4 a 3 16a 6 16a
  
x y z xyz
c. 3
3x 6 4 x
z 2 
log 2 log 3 z 2 
log 2 log 3 zlog 2 log 3
2
d. 4
6x 8 6x
 
 log 3 log 2 log 2 log 3
xyz
2 2 2 2 2 17 17 6 102
={-z (log2) - z (log3)(log2) - z (log3) – 4. a.   
2 2 2 2 6 6
z (log2)(log3) + z (log2) + z (log3) + 6 6
2
2z (log2)(log3)} / xyz(log2)(log3)
=0
40 40 13a 520a
b.   
13a 13a 13a 13a

7 a3 7 a3 8 56 a3
c.   
8 8 8 8

46a 2b 46 a2 b 3a 138a 2b
d.   
3a 3a 3a 3a

Kunci Penyelesaian Matematika SMP Jilid 3– Sukino Bab 5 | page 79

 13n 2 13n 2 54m 3 702n 2m 3 5
x x 2  x x x
5 23 23 3 2
e.    9. x
54m 3 54m
3
54m
3 54m 3
 x x x
5 26 3 2

4b 32b 4b 1
  32b  32b  x x
5 6 15 14
5. a.
32b 32b 32b 8
 x x
30 15 14
(terbukti)
3 2 3 2
60 m 20 p 1200 m p 20 p
b.    3m 3
x 1 4 x6 x 1
2
20 p 2
20 p 2 20 p 20 p 2 10. 4
x3
3
 x 7 x 6
4 6
3m

p
24 x 7 x 6 (terbukti)

6m3 3
6 m3 3 2 m 3
c. 3    12
3 3
4 4 2 2

108 
a5 
b3 4 a 5b 3 4 a 5b 3 c5 Latihan 8
d. 5
 5
 
27 c c c5 c5
5
4a b c
3 5 1. a. 50  8  18 5 2 2 2 3 2 6 2
 5
c
b. 27  75  48  9 
3  25 
3  16 
3
6
3
1 1 3 16 y
 
3 3 5 3 4 3 2 3
6 3 16 y 6
16 y 3 x 9 x
e. 3   
81x 4 3
81x
4 1 1 3x c. 2 80  45 2 125 2 
4 5 3 5 2 
5 5
3 
3 x
5

x 4
2
6. a. d. 28  63 2 175 2 7 3 7 2 
5 7
x
15 7
y 8
2

b.
y e. 3 75 4 20  80 3 
5 3 4 
2 3 4 3
x 8x 16  
x 4 x 4
2 2
c. 15 3 12 5
m 2m 1  
m 1 m 1
2 2
d.
f.  24 2 216 5 54 2 6 2 6 6 5 
3 6
25 4 y 2 20 y 25
e. y 5 y  
2

5 6
4 4
2 x 52 2 x 5 g. 8 2 27 5 18 2 2 2 
3 3 5 
3 2
 
4 2 17 2 6 3

7.  30 2 2 
60 
1,5  900 180  1080
h. 3
16 3 54 23 2 33 2 3 2
6 30
i. 3
81 3 648 33 3 2 
33 3 93 3
a b c 40 25 35
8. S   50
2 2 j. 73 81 2 24 7 
33 3 2 
3
23 3 173 3
L  50
50 40 
50 25 
50 35
16a b  36a b 4ab a 6a b a
3 4 5 2 2 2
 50 
10 
25 
15  2 
25 
25
25 
35 2. a.
2 
55
5 3 
4ab 6a b
2 2
a
250 3
b. 48 m 4n 7  19m 4 n 7  48m 4n 7 2 48m 4n 7
3 48m 4n 7

Kunci Penyelesaian Matematika SMP Jilid 3– Sukino Bab 5 | page 80

 c. 53 16 x 4 93 128x 4 5 
2x3 2x 9 
4 x3 2x 2 9 3 2 1
c. 3  8a 4  2 2a 12
a3 a a a a
26 x 2 x
3

3
2 2a 2 12 a
d. 6 32 x 2 4 162 x 2 6 
4 x 2 4 
9x 2 a 
a a
60x 2
3 2a 2  2 12
  
 a a
e. 3 40a 2 90 a 5a 250a
3 3   a

3 
2a 10a 2 
3a 10a 5a 
5a 10 a
27 12 1
25a 2 10a d. 6 x x  3x
x x x
3 3 3x
f. a 40a3 3 10a 5 6a 90 18 x 2 x  2
x x x
2 a2 10 a 3a 2 10a 18a2 10 a

16 x 1
3
23a 2 10a x

g. 3x 18x 2 5 x x
3 2
32 x 4. a.  
3 7 5  21 5 5
9 x 2 2 x 2 5 x 4 x 2 2x
13 x 2 2x 2 5
b. 2 6 8 4 5 2 48 8 30

h. 8m3 24m 3 4m 3 54 m3 m3 375m 3

c. 3  6 2  5  6  12  15  30
16m 2 3 3m 12m2 3 2m 5m 2 3 3m
d. 7  2 4  3  28  8  21  6
11m2 3 3m 12m 2 3 2m
e. 6 7 2 10  42 2 60
8 3 2 2 9
3 
3. a. 18   2
a a a a a
2 9

f. 7 3 2 2 5 21 14 15 
2  2a a
a
a
a 
a
g. 7 4 12 7 4 12 7 4 84 4 84 192
185
2
2 a 9 2
a
a  
h. 4 5  6 4 5  6 4 5  6     2 2

2 9 80 6 74
 2 2a  2
a a
5. a. 10  6 10 6 2
2
60 16 2 60
4 1
b. 9a  3 a 2 16 4 15
 
a a 2
b. 5 8 2 10 200 40 20 80
3a 2 a
 
a a 240 80 5

 45 294 42

2
3 a  a 2
a c. 3 5 7 6 30
 2 339 42 30
3 a
 a
 
2
d. 6 3 7 108 49 84 3 157 84 3

Kunci Penyelesaian Matematika SMP Jilid 3– Sukino Bab 5 | page 81

  
6. a. 2 3 6 7 4 5  7 8 15 24 35 2 21 42  6.
12 6

5

12 2
30  30
30 5
  
6 5 5
b. 7 3 8 6 3 5 126 48 3 35 3 40
6 9 2 6 7 9 14
7
7.  
86 13 3 6 9 2 6 9 2 36 162

 
c. 7 2  5 2 2  5 28 2 10 7 10 5  
1
126
6 7 9 14  
23 5 10
3 a 2 b 4 a b


d. 34 9 7 4 6 24 5 44 12   8.
4 a b 4 a b
12a 8 ab 3b a 2b b
64 45 14 4 30 124 108 284 72 
16a b 2


e. 9 3 40 3 48 63 4 3 32  
54 160 6 192 9 1280 3 1536
3 3 3

7. a. 2x 7 6 10x 6 

3 3
Latihan 10

63 20 x 2 42 3 10 x 63 2 x 42 0 ,6

0,4 1 

8 x 42 x 7
1. a. 3∙
x = 9∙
b. 5 5 3 
0,4 2 -0,6
x =3∙
3∙ 3
 16 x 45 2 x 75 8 x 28
5 2 1,4
=3
0,4 1,4-1
x =3

c.
8 3a  6 5 3a  2  =3
=3
0,4

1200 5 18a 8 6a  12
5x-1 x+3
b. 3 = 27

d.
8 7m 6 10n 7 m 2 10n  =3
3x+27

5x-1 = 3x+27
56m 22 70nm 120n 2x = 28
x = 14

2
3  1
Latihan 9 c.  x 2  3
 
3 9
x 1 23
3
2
3
3
18 x 3x 2
1.  2x 3 2x 2x 2 
x 2 x 3
1
2x 1
4 3 5 4 3
2.   15 4
2 5 5 10 
3
2
3 5  3 3 30  18
6 x
3.   3
3 5 3 3 5 3 45 3
1
 3 30  18
42
  d.
1 
4 x 4  
5x

16 
2
x 4

2 x y 2 x 5xy 2 y x 2 y 2 2 2 45x 
4.   x+4 = -20+4x
x 2 y x 2 y x 2 y
24 = 3x
x=8
3m 2 m 3 1 7 1
5.     7
21m m 3 7 2
7 7 7

Kunci Penyelesaian Matematika SMP Jilid 3– Sukino Bab 5 | page 82

 3x
 1  g. 5x 1 3
3 
2 x1
e. 3 27
 243  5x-1 = 9
  5x = 10
2x 1
3 5
 3x x=2
3
3 2
3 3

6 x 32

3 2 3
5x
h. 7m 6 6
6x 1 7m-6 = 36
5x 7m = 42
2
6 x 1 10 x m=6
16x 1
1 1 
4 i. 4a 2 6
x    4a-2 = 36
16 2 
4a = 38
3x-6 1
f. 8 =512 a= 9
2
3∙
(3x-6)
=2
9 2
9x-18 = 9
9x = 27 j. 3
5 a 1 3
x=3 5a-1= 27
5a = 28
2. a. 3 y 1 5 0 a= 5
3

3 y 1 
5
2 2
5

3y+1 = 25 3. a. 3
6b 4 4
3y = 24 6b-4 = -64
y=8 6b = -60
b = -10
b. 4 y 7 3 HP = {-10}

4 y 7 3 2 2
b. 3 2 y 5 3
4y-7 = 9
2y-5 = 27
4y = 16
2y = 32
y=4
y = 16
HP = {16}
c. 5a 8 3
5a-8 = 9
c. 2 x 1 5
5a = 16
4(x-1) = 25
15 1
a= 3 4x-4 = 25
3 5 4x = 29
29 1
x= 7
d. 2m 10  4 4 4
2m+10 = 16  1
2m = 6 HP =  7 
 4
m=3

d. 3 y 2 9
e. 6x 9 9
6x-9 = 81 9(y-2) = 81
6x = 90 y-2 = 9
x = 15 y = 11
HP={11}
f. 2 y 8 0
e. 3m 12 5 4
2 y 8 3m+12 = 81
3m = 69
y 4
2
m = 23
y = (4) = 16 HP = {23}

Kunci Penyelesaian Matematika SMP Jilid 3– Sukino Bab 5 | page 83

 f. 6  8m 1 10 4. a. 2 y 1 2  2 y 5
 8m 1
4
2 2
(2y+1)+4+4 2 y 1 = 2y-5
8m-1 = 16
(2y+5)+4 2 y 1 = 2y-5
8m = 17
17 4 2 y 1 = -10
m=
8 16(2y+1) = 100
17 32y+16 = 100
cek : 6  8  1 2 0 32y = 84
8
21 5
HP = { } y= 2
8 8
g. 3
7a 1 3 cek :
21
2  1 2 
21 5
1 2  2 
9
7a-1 = 27 8 4 2 2
7a = 28 21 21 1
a=4 2  5  5 
8 4 2
HP = {4}
Jadi, HP = { }

h. 3
4 y 12 2
b. 5x 2 3  7 5 x
4y+12 = -8
(5x-2)+9+6 5 x 2 =7+5x
4y = -20
y = -5 7+5x+6 5x 2 = 7+5x
HP = {-5}
6 5x 2 = 0
5x-2 = 0
i. 3
7m 8 3 5x = 2
7m-8 = 27 2
7m = 35 x=
5
m=5
HP = {5} 2
cek : 5  2 3 3
5
j. 3 3 y 7 5 8 2
7 5  3
3y+7 = 27 5
3y = 20 2 
20 HP =  
y= 5 
3
20 
HP =   c. 3 x 1 10  3x 8
3 
(3x-1)+100+20 3x 1 = 3x+8

k. 6a 1 9 5 3x+99+20 3x 1 = 3x+8
2
6a-1 = (-4) = 16 20 3x 1 = -91
6a = 17 400(3x-1) = 8281
17 1200x-400 = 8281
a=
6 1200x = 8681
17 281
cek : 
6 1 9 13 5 x= 7
6 1200
HP = { }
HP = { }

l. 8b 4 2 8 d. 3
9a 6 3 3a 18
9a-6 = 3a+18
8b+4 = 100
8b = 96 6a = 24
a=4
b = 12
HP = {12} HP = {4}

Kunci Penyelesaian Matematika SMP Jilid 3– Sukino Bab 5 | page 84

 e. 5m 1 4 2m 8
4
c. 9a 4a 3a 2
2

2 2
5m-1 = 2m+8 9a +4a = 9a +12a+4
3m = 9 -8a = 4
m=3 1
HP = {3} a= 
2

f. 4
5 x 4 4 2x 5 0 d. 5 2a 16a 2 4a 1
5 x 4  2x 5
4 4 2 2
5-2a+16a = 16a -8a+1
5x-4 = 2x+5 6a = -4
3x = 9 1
a= 
x=3 2
HP = {3}
a 2 a 4 a 4
2
e.
g. 7 p 8  2 p 5 2 2
a +2a+4 = a +8a+16
7p-8 = 2p+5 -6a= 12
5p = 13 a = -2
13
p=
5 f. a 16 4 a
2

13  2 2
a -16 = a +8a+16
HP =  
5  8a = -32
a = -4
h. 10m 6  2m 22
4a 8a 5 2a 3
2
10m+6 = 2m+22 g.
2 2
8m = 16 4a +8a-5 = 4a +12a+9
m=2 -4a = 14
HP = {2} 7
a= 
2
i. 3
3 x 6 3 9x 22 0
3x 6 3 9 x 22
3 h. a 6  a 2 7a 4
2 2
3x+6 = 9x+22 a +12a+36 = a +7a-4
-6x = 16 5a = -40
8 a = -8
x= 
3
 8 6. a. m 2 7 m 17 m 5
HP =   2 2
m +7m-17 = m -10m+25
 3
17m = 42
42
j. 3
11x 5 3 8x 4 m=
17
11x-5 = 8x+4
3x = 9
42 
HP =  
x=3 17 
HP = {3}
4b 6b 2 2b 10
2
b.
5. a. 3a 4  2a 4 0 2 2
4b -6b-2 = 4b -40b+100
3a 4  2a 4 34b = 102
b=3
3a+4 = 2a+4
HP = {3}
a=0

b. a 2 3a 5 a 7
c. 1 2 p p2 p 3
2 2
2 2
a -3a+5 = a -14a+49 1-2p+p = p +6p+9
11a = 44 -8p = 8
a=4 p = -1
HP = {-1}

Kunci Penyelesaian Matematika SMP Jilid 3– Sukino Bab 5 | page 85

 2
f. 
16m 9 4m 1 2 x 3 
2
d. 2 x 4
5  125
3
2 2
16m -9 = 16m -8m+1  
2 x 3 
8m = 10 2
 
3
2 x 4
5  5
3
5
m= 4 x 6
4 6 x 12
5  3
HP =   4x+6 = 18x -36
4  42 = 14x
42
e. 9 x 2 5 x 3 x 2
x= 3
14
2 2
9x +5x = 9x +12x+4
x-2y+1
-7x = 4 8. a. 2 =4
2
4 =2
x= 
7 x-2y+1 = 2
 4 x-2y = 1………(1)
HP =   3
2x+2y+3
= 27
x+y

 7 2x+3y+3 = 3x+3y
x = 3 ………(2)
f. y 2 5 y 9 y 3 Subtitusikan (2) ke (1)
2 2 3-2y = 1
y +5y+9 = y +6y+9
2y = 2
-y = 0
y=1
y=0
Jadi, x = 3 dan y = 1
HP = {0}
x-2y+1 4
3x-2 b. 3 = 81 = 3
7. a. 2 = 128
7
=2
x-2y+1 = 4
3x-2 = 7
x-2y = 3 ………(1)
3x = 9 2x+y-3 x-y
5 = 625
x=3
2x+y-3 = 4x-4y
3x-1 -2x+5y = 3 ………(2)
b. 3 =1
0 (1) dan (2)
=3
x-2y = 3 x2
3x-1 = 0
-2x+5y = 3 x1
1
x= y = 9 ………(3)
3
3-x 3x-5 Subtitusikan (3) ke (1)
c. 2 = 2 x-2∙9=3
3-x = 3x-5 x = 3+18 = 21
4x = 8 Jadi, x = 21 dan y = 9
x=2
1 1 1 1 n 2 
1 
x 2
d. 3  
x 2
    2 3
2 2 2 2
 
3
 3
3
 
    
3  9.  1
1 1 1 1 n 2 
x-2 = -x-2
2x = 0
    3 2
3 3 
2 
2
 2

 3 3   
x=0 n6
N 2 n6 0
 2  2 
4
2 3 2
N 2
 n 6   1  
3 
4
e. 32
1
x
x 4 2
2 3 
3 3 
5 n-6 = 0
2
1
x x 4 
2 n=6
5 1

x x 4
5x-20 = x
4x = 20
x=5

Kunci Penyelesaian Matematika SMP Jilid 3– Sukino Bab 5 | page 86

 log x
10. a. x = y  a 
a

log y 1
6. C.
log y 16
y = z  b
b
3x
log z  1 
3 
2 x 1
3 27
log z  243 
z=x  c
c
 
log x 2x 1  5
3   3x
log x log y log z 3
3 2 
3 3
abc    1
log y log z log x 6 x 1
5x
x y
2
b. m = a dan n = a 6 x 1 10x
2
y x xy xy 2xy
m∙
n =a ∙
a =a = a z
16 x 1
2
2 xy  x
1
z 16
xyz = 1
7. B.
2a 3b 
c5  a 9b3 c15 8a 9b3c 15
 3 2  9 6 
4 p q  8p q 9 6
  64 p q
Uji Akhir Bab 5
8. D. 3n+10
n+2 m
16∙8 =2
PAKET A 4 3(n+2)
2∙ 2 =2
m

4+3n+6 = m
A. PILIHAN GANDA m = 3n+10
18
1. D. x 9. B. 64
x x
3 3 5
x
95
4 
x
18 5 3 x 3
4
x
5 3 x 9
2. A. 8
2
3 x 4
x 64
2  4
2 8 2
2
3. D. 1,25 10. A. 
2
5
1 1 1 

0, 53
1 1 1
0,125    
3 2
2 
8 5 2 5
x
5
32 8 2 2 
3 1
1 1 1 2x 
2 5 25
   1,25
2 2 4 3 1
x
4. A. 0 2 2 5
5
3
 141
 3 3 3

5 1
 3 1
8 2
8  4  32  2 2 2 4 4 2 2 2 x 
  5 5
 
2
3 3
= 2 -2 = 0 x 
5
a
5. B. 11. C. 3
b
9  3 
n 5 3
27
2 32 n59116 32n3 27 33
 12 3 3 2 11  33  3814
a   2
  

b 2n-3 = 3
 a  b  
3 2 2 3
 3
a 1  
2  2n = 6
 b  n=3
a
a1b 1 
b

Kunci Penyelesaian Matematika SMP Jilid 3– Sukino Bab 5 | page 87

12. B. M-n-1 = 0 21. B.

7  11 
2
  
n 6 7  11 3
9n  3  27n
32  2  
  2n2n3 m 3n 3m 7  11 7  11 2
  3 3

33m 
23 8
3n3m 2
3 33n3m 22. B. 52 3

8 5 2 3 13 5 2 3
13
  5 2 3
 

9 133n 3m   5 2 3 5 2 3 25 12
8
23. C. -1
33nm  33
1

2 
x 10
27 x 10
2 8 2
3 3 3
n-m = -1
0 = m-n-1 x 10
3
3
13. C.
x-2 2x+2 1-x -3 9 2
x 10 9
a (a +a ) = a (a +a )
3x -1 6 -1 x 1
a +a = a +a
3x 6
a =a 0
24. A. 2
3x = 6 x x+1 x 1-x
2∙ (2 )∙ (2 ) = 8
x = 2 (bilangan bulat positif) x+x²+x+x-x² 3
2 =2
3x 3
2 =2
14. D. 5
3 9 5
3x = 3
2
3 3 3 x=1=2
0

5 4 3
3 2 3 2
25. A. 2 2 5
 
5 3
4  2  3 2 5  3  2 2 5
2 2
5

15. B. 15 B. URAIAN

18  5  16  18  5 4  18 3
3 3

1. a. 814 (3 ) 4 3 27

4 3

 15
2 23 1
b. 343 3 ( 73 ) 7 2 
16. C. 2 49
3, 5 2
128 7 128 7 2 7 2
c. 8
2 3
125
1
3
2 3   5 
2
3 3 13

3 2 2 5
17. C. 7
7 1 1
 5 5
3 7 3 4 4
  7
7 7 7
3 2 8
2x y 8y
2. a. 1 6
 3
4 y x
18. C. 3 5

16m6n 3 2 n11
19. C. 10 5 3 b. 
24m 4n 8 3m 2
2  3 10 5 3
5
  10 5 3
2 3 2 3 4 3 6a b c
4 3 0
2b
8
c. 3 5 3
 7 3
9a b c 3a c
20. A.
7
2
5 3   3
a 4 
b3  c 1  a12
d.  
7
5 3

5 3 7

5 3 2
5  3   ac

0 6


 b9c 15

Kunci Penyelesaian Matematika SMP Jilid 3– Sukino Bab 5 | page 88

3. a. 108m n 6m n
5 8 2 4
3m 5. a. 
7 2 3  5 2 21  35 
b.
9m n
8 3

3m n
4
n b. 3  8 3 3 5 3 2 6 3 15 6 10
8p 2 2p
3 3
20 x 20x 4 2
c.  5
 2 
8 x2 y3 2xy 5x
5 5x x x
c. 6
 3 2y
z z
2 x 4 x 2 2
  x 2 x 8
2
d.

7 3 3
d.
64b c 8b c
 4 bc x 2 x 2 x 2
8
a a
e. x  y x y 2 2
xy
4. a. 2 y 3 5
2y+3 = 25
2y = 22 
f. 2 a  b 4a b 4
2
ab
y = 11

g. 2 a  b  c 2a b c 4
2
abc
b. 3 y 9
y 3 
h. 3 a 2 b 4 c 9a 4 b 16 c 48 abc 2

y=9

PAKET B
c. x 3 6  x 8
1 3 y 2 3x
x 336 12 x 3 x 8 1. a. x 3y
1 2
  2  2
x y y x
x 33 12 x 3 x 8
12 x 3  41 3m p 3p
1 3 9
b.  2
144(x-3) = 1681 mnp 6
mn
144x-432 = 1681
144x = 2113 8 0 4 4 11
15 x y z 3y z
x=
2113 c. 10 4 7
 18
144 20x y z 4x

m-1 n- 2 2m-2 n-2

d. 4 -6 =2 -6
d. 6  x 3 7
 x 3 1
2m n
2 6
 
2 2
4 36
x+3 = 1
3 2 6
2 2m n
x = -2
2 4
3xy z 1
e. 3 a 4  20 a e. 4 3
 x 5 y z4
9x y 3
9(a-4) = 20+a
9a-36 = 20+a
2
8a = 56 3x 3 y 4  9 x18
a=7 f. 
x 6 y 3 
 y 2
 
f. 7  2 y 1 1 3 2

3 1 11
15
m 
n m
2
m m 5 2 3 6 6

2 y 1 8 2. a. 
 2 
1
 1 2 8 3

m 
2
n n 3
n n 5 5 5

2y-1 = 64

x  y
2y = 65 2 2
2
2
y
1 8
3
65 3
y 3

y= b. 4
3
44
3  1

x z 2
34
2 x x

1 32 32
a 
3
b a2 3
a 3

c. 23
 1
 1


0
a b b 2
b 2

Kunci Penyelesaian Matematika SMP Jilid 3– Sukino Bab 5 | page 89

 d.
m 35
 n2  m5
3 c. 8  6 2 8 3 6 16 4 3 18
8 2
n n 4 3 2

3. a.
27 x y
5
3xy
 2
3 5 2
3xy 
d. 3 2  5 2 4 5 6 11 10 20
16z 4z z
1411 10

b.
64b7 c 3
a
8
8b 4c
 4 bc
a
6. a. a  b a b 2 2
ab +

a b
5
a b
9 2 4
ab b. a  b a  b  2 2

a  b  a  b 
a  b  a  b 
c. 
4c 2 c
4 ab
81ab 4 9b 2 a
d. 
c 7
c c  
2
c. a b b a c b a 2 b b 2 a c2 b 2 ab2 c a

e. 25 4 x 2 20x 25 2 x 5  2

2 x 2 10x    7. a.
6 3

7 3
 21
2 2 2
2 7 7 7

1
2x 5 
2
2 m n m n 3m 3 mn n
 2 x 52
1
b.  
2 m n m n m n

f.
1
5 y 2 2 y  
25 y 2 10 y 1

5 y 1 2
5
60 y 60 y 5
 y 15
2
5 5 5 c.
4y 4y
 5 y 15
1
5
4 5 3 1
d.   15
4. a. 3 50 5 32  8 15 2 20 2 2 2 16 3 3 12
3 2
6 y 5  y 30 11 y y
b. 3 8 5 18 3 72 6 2 15 2 18 2 e.  
5 y 5 y 25 y
3 2
a 3 b a 3 b a 6 ab 9b
c. 27 2 72 3 48 3 3 12 2 12 3 f.  
a 3 b a 3 b a 9b
12 2 9 3
2x 8
8. a. 4 = 2
4x 8
d. 125  20  45 5 5 2 5 3 5 0 2 =2
4x = 8
x=2
e. 27 2 27 3 48 3 27 3 48
9 3 12 3 b. 3∙
3
1-5x 1
=
92 x
3 3 2-5x -4x
3 =3
2-5x = -4x
f. 2 16  54 3 128 8 3 6 24 2 x=2

 6 2 5 18 5
2x+1 5x+11
c. 3 =3
5. a. 3 6  5 30 10
2x+1 = 5x-11
8 5 30 3x = 12
x=4

b. 2 3 6 5 3 3 5 6 90 84

Kunci Penyelesaian Matematika SMP Jilid 3– Sukino Bab 5 | page 90

 2x
d. 2 = 4 d. 4x 1 5 12
2x 2
2 =2
4x-1 = 49
2x = 2
4x = 50
x=1
1
x = 12
4x
e. 3 = 1 2
4x
3 =3
0
 1
HP =  12 
4x = 0  2
x=0
e. 4 m 5 20
f. 2
x²+5x-7
=2
7+3x+x² m-5 = 25
2
x +5x-7 = 7+13x+x
2 m = 30
2x = 14 HP = {30}
x=7
f. x 5  x 1 6
2 2  2  ...  x 5 
x 136 12 x 1
2 3 x
2
9. a. 1
4 42 43  ... 
414
123... x
12 x 1 40
2
246...28
20 144(x-1) = 1600
2 144x-144 = 1600
(1+2+3+...+x)-(2+4+6+...+28) 0
2 =2 144x = 1744
(1+2+3+...+x) = (2+4+6+...+28) = 210 1744 109
1+2+3+...+20 = 210 x= 
144 9
x = 20
109 
HP =  
2 x1 9 
2  2 2  ... 
2 3 x
b. 2
410
2
x+1-(-2∙
10)
=2
1+2+3+...+x
g. y 3 6  y 7
y 3 36 12
x 1
x+21 = 1+2+3+...+x
36 12 y 3 y 7
1+2+3+...+7 = 21
x=7 12 y 3 46
144(y+3) = 2116
10. a. 6 x 12 144y+432 = 2116
x 2 144y = 1684
1684 421
x 4 y= 
HP = {4}
144 36
421
HP =  
b. 3y 4 4 36 
3y+4 = 16
3y = 12 h. 4x 1 6  4 x 2
y=4 4x 1 36 12 4 x 1 4x 2
HP = {4}
12 4x 1 35
144(4x+1) = 1225
c. 3 z 1 5 8 576x-144 = 1225
3z+1 = 9 576x = 1081
3z = 8 1081
8 x=
z= 576
3 HP = 
8
HP =  
3

Kunci Penyelesaian Matematika SMP Jilid 3– Sukino Bab 5 | page 91