TEMPLATE IN FINDING THE APPROPRIATE INFERENTIAL STATISTICS FOR

COMMON UNDERGRADUATE AND GRADUATE RESEARCH

Abner A. Aquino - University of the East Caloocan

One Sample? One Sample Mean Test (1)

Two samples? Paired? Paired Sample Mean Test (2)

Quantitative?
(Numerical/ Likert scale) Independent? Two Independent Means Test (3)

Test hypothesis Three or more samples? One-way Analysis of Variance (4)

(Causal comparative design/
One sample? One Sample Proportion Test (5)
Experimental design
Categorical? Two samples? Two Independent Proportion Test
(Nominal/ Ordinal) (6)
Do you want to test hypothesis
Quantitative? One
or examine a relationship?
(Ratio data) independent Simple Linear Regression (7)
Independent variable(s) and a Make a variable?
Examine a relationship dependent variable prediction? Two or more
(Correlational design/ independent Multiple Regression (8)
Experimental design) variables?
Examine the direction and
strength of the relationship? Correlation r (9)

Chi-square Test of Independence

Categorical? (10)
(Nominal/ Ordinal)
 SUMMARY TABLE FOR IDENTIFIED STATISTICAL TECHNIQUES

Statistical Inference Parameter Statistic/ Type of Data Analysis using Basic Excel/ Example Hypothesis/ Manual Formula
Excel Analysis ToolPak
1. One Sample Mean One population mean One sample mean/ t-test: Two Sample Assuming Is the average GWA of BSA students at Null: There is no difference in the GWA of..
Test (known) Numerical Unequal Variances University of the East higher than 1.50?

2. Paired Sample Mean Mean of paired Sample mean of difference/ t-test: Paired Two Sample Are the pulse rate of people higher after Null: There is no significant difference…
Test * difference Numerical for Means exercise?

3. Two Independent Difference in two Difference in two sample z-test: Two Sample for Do the pulse rate of exercisers and non- Null: There is no significant difference…
Means Test * population means means Means exercises differ?

4. One-way Analysis of Means of the t Means of the t samples/ ANOVA: Single Factor Is there a difference in the mean GPA of Null: There is no significant difference in
Variance * populations Numerical Freshmen, Sophomore, and Junior and Senior the mean GPA among…
classes? (Refer to the ANOVA table for the manual
formula)

5. One Sample One population Sample proportion/ Basic Excel Is the proportion of students who passed Null: The proportion of the sample is equal
Proportion Test proportion (known) Categorical (binary) Statistics is more than 0.80? to…

6. Two Independent Difference in population Difference in two sample Basic Excel Is the percentage of males with lung cancer Null: There is no difference in proportion
Proportion Test proportions proportions/ higher than the percentage of females with between…
Categorical (binary) lung cancer?
7. Simple Linear Slope of the population Sample estimate of the Regression Is there a linear relationship between height Null: The height of a person is not
Regression Test * regression line slope/ Numerical and weight of a person? dependent on …

8. Multiple Regression Slope of the population Sample estimate of the Regression Is the height of a child can depend on the Null: The height of a child is not
Test * regression line slope/ Numerical height of the mother, the height of the father, dependent on… and …
nutrition, and environmental factors?

9. Correlation r Test * Population correlation Sample correlation/ Correlation What is the nature and strength of the Null: There is no significant relationship
Numerical relationship between IQ and confidence level between…
of students?

10. Chi-square Test of Relationship between The observed counts in a Basic Excel Is there a relationship between smoking and Null: There is no significant relationship
Independence * categorical variables two-way table/ lung cancer? between…
Categorical