DISSOCIATIVE IDENTITY DISORDER (DID) IN SPLIT’S FILM BY NIGHT

SHYAMALAN

THESIS

Submitted to the Board of Examiners in Partial Fulfillment

of Requirement for Literature Degree
at English Literature Department

By
ARIF HIDAYAT
NIM: AI.150286

ENGLISH LITERATURE DEPARTMENT

ADAB AND HUMANITIES FACULTY
STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY
SULTHAN THAHA SAIFUDDIN JAMBI
2019
2
3
4
 MOTTO

And who is more wrong than those who have been warned of the verses of their Lord,
then he turns away from him and forgets what his hands have done? Really, we
have made their hearts closed, (so they don't) understand it, and (we put it)
blockages in their ears. Even though you (Muhammad) called them to the
instructions, surely they will not get a clue forever, and your Lord is forgiving,
has love, if he wants to torture them for their actions, but for them there is a
certain time (to get tortured) whom they will not find shelter from, and we have
destroyed the people of the land when they do wrong, and we have set a certain
time for their destruction (QS. Al- Kahfi: 57-59)1
Dan siapakah yang lebih zalim daripada orang yang telah diperingatkan dengat ayat-
ayat Tuhannya, lalu dia berpaling darinya dan melupakan apa yang telah
dikerjakan oleh kedua tangannya? Sungguh, kami telah menjadikan hati mereka
tertutup, (sehingga mereka tidak) memahaminya, dan (kami letakkan pula)
sumbatan ditelinga mereka. Kendatipun engkau (Muhammad) menyeru mereka
kepada petunjuk, niscaya mereka tidak akan mendapatkan petunjuk untuk
selama-lamanya, dan Tuhanmu maha pengampun, memiliki kasih saying, jika
dia hendak menyiksa mereka karena perbuatan mereka, tetapi bagi mereka ada
waktu tertentu (untuk mendapat siksa) yang mereka tidak akan menemukan
tempat berlindung darinya, dan (penduduk) negeri itu telah kami binasakan
ketika mereka berbuat zalim, dan telah kami tetapkan waktu tertentu bagi
kebinasaan mereka. (QS. Al-Kahfi: 57-59)

1
Maulawi Sher, The Holy Qur’an, (United Kingdem: Islam International Publications, 2004), p.
642.

v
 DEDICATION

In the name of Allah SWT most gracious merciful and the Prophet Muhammad

SAW, the inspiration of Moslem’s life, I dedicate this thesis to my beloved father,

DADAH and mother SUMINAR, you are my hero and thanks for your praying. I do

love you all. I feel so prestigious because living around the super skillful and wise

people as you are all.

For my best friends Ridho Pamungkash, Andy Ramadhan, Herianto Sihombing,

Panut Safaruddin and my beloved Dwi Dara Pratiwi and other friends who cannot be

said one by one. I would like to say thanks a lot for your care and suggestion that are

given to me as long as my journey in writing this thesis. The last for all people who

have helped me in writing this thesis, I would like to say thank you so much. I love

you all as always.

vi
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Firstly, the writer would like to say Alhamdullilahirabil’alamin, all the praise to

Allah SWT the lord of all creatures, for His Blessing from the starting point of my

study until now the end of my study. After that, Shalawat and salam be upon to our

Prophet Muhammad SAW, hopefully we will get His syafa’at later at The Last Day.

To accomplish this thesis, the writer had been given one great deal to many people.

So, the writer would like to say thanks for their contribution, they are:

1. Dr. H. Hadri Hasan, MA as the rector of the State Islamic University of Sulthan

Thaha Saifuddin Jambi.

2. Prof. Dr. Maisah, M.Pd. I as the dean of Adab and Humanities Faculty.

3. Dr. Alfian, S.Pd, M.Ed as the first Dean of Academic. Dr. H. M. Fadil, M.Ag as

the second Dean of Finances, and Dr. Roudhoh, S.Ag., M.Pd.I as the third Dean

of University Student of Adab and Humanities Faculty.

4. The Head of English Literature Department Ulfatmi Azlan, SS., MA and The

secretary of English Literature Department Dian Mukhlisa, MA.

5. My supervisors Dr. Diana Rozelin, M. Hum and Dian Mukhlisa, MA, I would

like to express her deepest gratitude to people who helped the writer in

vii
 accomplishing this thesis. I would like to thank who have helped, adused,

supported and suggested me in writing this thesis and finish this thesis.

6. All the Lecturers and staffs of Adab and Humanities Faculty, then contribution

and assistant during studying in UIN of Sulthan Thaha Saifuddin Jambi.

7. The Head and officers of the library of UIN and public library of Jambi

province.

8. My beloved parents, who gave fully supporting to the writer.

9. The last but not least, to all classmates ELITE 2015 who have given additional

suggestion and support.

This thesis is still far away from perfection. I need some critics and suggestions,

so that I can be better in the future. Finally, the writer hopes this thesis will give

positive contributions for readers, especially for the students of English Literature

Department of Adab and Humanities Faculty.

th
Jambi, Mei 2019
The writer

Arif Hidayat
Nim: AI. 150286

viii
 ABSTRACT

……Hidayat, Arif, 2019 : Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) in Split Film by Night
Shyamalan. English Literature Department Adab and
Humanities Faculty, The State Islamic University Sulthan
Thaha Saifuddin Jambi.
Supervisor I : Dr. Diana Rozelin, M. Hum
Supervisor II : Dian Mukhlisa, MA

This thesis analyzes Kevin's Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) as seen in

Night Shyamalan's Split film. The writer is interested in analyzing this film because
the nature and character of Kevin as the main role is always changing, ranging from
little children, adult men and women. This research was designed to determine the
forms of Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) and causes of Dissociative Identity
Disorder (DID) and the solve Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) by Kevin in the
Split film by Night Shyamalan. The writer uses Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)
Theory by Nevid to support the writing of this thesis. This study uses qualitative
research and descriptive method, analyzed and described in the form of words rather
than numerical scores or statistics. The data of the research are the pictures and
dialogue, which contains body language expressed by the main character. The research
result shows that first, there are 4 forms of Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) Kevin
experienced were the main personality, where Kevin was the main personality, the
dominant personality, the dominant personality in Kevin was personality became
Dennis, dissociative identity disorder was not aware of each other, where Hedwig's
personality was confused about what Dennis had done as an evil personality figure in
Kevin, dissociative identity disorder competed to gain self-control of the perpetrators,
often Dennis and Patricia took over Kevin. Second, there are 2 causes of Dissociative
Identity Disorder (DID) that occur to Kevin, namely, experiencing severe childhood
pain such as physical torture and sexual abuse, where Kevin always gets beaten from
his own mother and sexual abuse from his uncle, encouraging himself to stand wild,
Kevin who gets treatment is not good at trying to fight and not be yourself. Third,
there are two ways when Kevin wants to solve Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) in
Night Shyamalan's Split Film, they get speech and Psychotherapy, where he meets a
doctor if he always feels his past and the doctor asks him to forget his past and get a
lot of talk, where he tries tell his thoughts.

Keywords: Film, DID (Dissociative Identity Disorder), Id.

ix
 ABSTRAK

…… Hidayat, Arif, 2019 : Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) in Split Film by Night
Shyamalan. English Literature Department Adab and
Humanities Faculty, The State Islamic University Sulthan
Thaha Saifuddin Jambi.
Supervisor I : Dr. Diana Rozelin, M. Hum
Supervisor II : Dian Mukhlisa, MA

Tesis ini menganalisis kepribadian ganda yang dialami Kevin seperti yang
terlihat di film Split oleh Night Shyamalan. Penulis tertarik untuk menganalisi film ini
karena sifat dan karakter Kevin sebagai peran utama selalu berubah-ubah, mulai dari
anak kecil, lelaki dewasa dan menjadi wanita. Penelitian ini dirancang untuk
mengetahui bentuk-bentuk kepribadian ganda dan penyebab kepribadian ganda dan
proses penyembuhan kepribadian ganda yang dialami Kevin dalam film Split oleh
Night Shyamalan. Penulis menggunakan teori Kepribadian Ganda oleh Nevid untuk
mendukung penulisan skripsi ini. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kualitatif dan
metode deskriptif, dianalisis dan dijelaskan dalam bentuk kata-kata daripada skor
numerik atau statistik. Data penelitian adalah gambar dan dialog, yang berisi bahasa
tubuh yang diungkapkan oleh karakter utama. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa
pertama, ada 4 bentuk kepribadian ganda yang di alami Kevin yaitu kepribadian
utama, di mana Kevin lah yang menjadi kepribadian utama, kepribadian yang
dominan, kepribadian dominan pada Kevin yaitu kepribadian menjadi Dennis,
gangguan identitas disosiatif tidak menyadari satu sama lain, di mana kepribadian
Hedwig kebingungan apa yang sudah dilakukan Dennis sebagai sosok kepribadian
yang jahat pada Kevin, gangguan identitas disosiatif bersaing untuk mendapatkan
kontrol diri pelaku. Kedua, ada 2 penyebab kepribadian ganda yang terjadi pada
Kevin yaitu, mengalami kesusahan berat yang dialami waktu kecil seperti penyiksaan
fisik dan pelecehan seksual, di mana Kevin selalu mendapatkan pukulan dari ibunya
sendiri. dorongan diri sendiri untuk berdiri secara liar, Kevin yang mendapatkan
perlakuan kurang baik berusaha melawan dan bukan menjadi diri sendiri. Ketiga, ada
dua cara ketika Kevin ingin menyelesaikan DID dalam Film Split oleh Night
Shyamalan, mereka mendapatkan psikoterapi dan bahasa, di mana bertemu dokter jika
dia selalu merasakan masa lalunya dan dokter memintanya untuk melupakan masa
lalunya dan mendapatkan banyak bicara , di mana dia mencoba menceritakan
pemikirannya.

Kata Kunci: Film, Kepribadian Ganda, Id.

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 ABBREVIATION

SWT : Subhanahu Wata’ala

SAW : Shallallahu Alaihi Wasallam
UIN : Universitas Islam Negeri
STS : Sultan Thaha Saifuddin
DID : Dissociative Identity Disorder

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 TABLE OF CONTENT

PAGE OF TITLE ........................................................................................... i

APPROVAL.................................................................................................... ii
LETTER OF RATIFICATION .................................................................... iii
ORIGINAL THESIS STATEMENT............................................................ iv
MOTTO........................................................................................................... v
DEDICATION................................................................................................ vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................. vii
ABSTRACT .................................................................................................... ix
ABSTRAK....................................................................................................... x
ABBREVIATION........................................................................................... xi
TABLE OF CONTENT ................................................................................. xii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Problem........................................................... 1
1.2 Formulation of the Problem .......................................................... 4
1.3 Limitation of the Problem ............................................................. 4
1.4 Purpose of the Research ................................................................ 5
1.5 Significance of the Research ......................................................... 5

CHAPTER II THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

2.1 Theory of Psychology ................................................................... 6

2.2 Dissociative Identity Disorder....................................................... 9
2.3 Kinds of Dissociative Identity Disorder ........................................ 10
2.4 Causes of Dissociative Identity Disorder ...................................... 12
2.5 The way to solve Speech and DID ................................................ 14
2.6 Review of Related Research.......................................................... 15

CHAPTER III METHOD OF RESEARCH

3.1 Design of Research........................................................................ 19

xii
 3.2 Source of Data ............................................................................... 20
3.3 Technique of Data Collection........................................................ 21
3.4 Technique of Data Analysis .......................................................... 22

CHAPTER IV FINDING AND ANALYSIS

4.1 The kinds of DID Portrayed by Kevin in Split’s Film

by Night Shyamalan ...................................................................... 24
1. The main personality ................................................................ 24
2. The dominant personality ......................................................... 26
3. The dissociative identity ........................................................... 32
4. The dissociative identity which there is connection between the
personality................................................................................. 33
4.2 The Cause of DID Portrayed by Kevin in Split’s Film
by Night Shyamalan ...................................................................... 35
1. The Perpetrator Has Experienced Severe Distress ................... 35
2. The Encouragement of Willingness to Stand Alone in
the Offender .............................................................................. 38
4.3 Kevin solve DID in Split’s Film by Night Shyamalan .................. 40
1. Getting Speech and Psychotherapy ......................................... 40
2. Getting Much Speech .............................................................. 43

CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

5.1 Conclusions…………………………………..........…....….... 45
5.2 Suggestions………………………………………….............. 45

REFERENCES

APPENDIX I

APPENDIX II

xiii
DISSOCIATIVE IDENTITY DISORDER (DID) IN SPLIT’S
FILM BY NIGHT SHYAMALAN

THESIS

Submitted to the Board of Examiners in Partial Fulfillment

of Requirement for Literature Degree
at English Literature Department

By
ARIF HIDAYAT
NIM: AI.150286

ENGLISH LITERATURE DEPARTMENT

ADAB AND HUMANITIES FACULTY
STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY
SULTHAN THAHA SAIFUDDIN JAMBI
2019
 1

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Problem

Mental disorders without us knowing it slowly can happen to anyone

around us. The stressful demands of life that are not matched by one's mental
resilience can create stress in ones that trigger severe stress. This condition
becomes very common as a cause of mental disorders. The condition of this
mental disorder will worsen if it is not immediately addressed. Disorders that
occur can come from yourself and the environment. Mental disorders also show
signs that are seen verbally and behavior. People with mental disorders have
feelings that are unstable and changeable, behavior becomes strange or abnormal.
There are kinds of soul disorders: Schizophrenia, Dissociative Identity Disorder,
Excessive Anxiety Disorders, Obsessive Compulsive Disorders, Somatoform
Disorders, Psychopath.1

Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) is a disorder in which a person

exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities, formerly called
multiple personality disorder.2 Dissociative Identity Disorder involve a sudden
and temporary alteration in consciousness, identity, or behavior. Symptoms rather
than signs, are predominant features of DID. They include headaches, auditory
hallucinations and intrusive memories which may have not clear behavioral
manifestations and thus are difficult to measure empirically. There are who
believe that disorder, like the child abuse that preceded it, can no longer be denied
and there are already too many people suffering because of a refusal to believe.3

1
Hindra, “Macam-macam gangguan jiwa, https://dosenpsikologi.com/macam-macam-
gangguan-jiwa, accessed on March 23 2019
2
Hellen M.Farrel, “Dissociative Identity Disorder”, Journal of the America Academy of
Psychiatry and the Law, 2011, vol 39, p. 402
3
Mukminah, “Psycholinguistic Analysis in Speech Disorder of a Cerebral Palsy in Door
to Door Movie”, Skripsi: Universitas Sanata Dharma, 2007, p. 4
 2

Sometimes, some people cannot accept their failure in life and try to
escape from the reality, then they create another personality of him or herself for
their own sake who demands perfect life. Life does not go on based on our own
sake. The disaster can come to our life anytime. Not all of people good or bad.
Sometimes, we met good people or bad people. Every meeting with the other
people will give impact to us as human.4 It can be happiness, hatred, sadness,
traumatic, etc. When someone feel traumatic. He or she does not want to
remember that memories and try to deny that moments never happen in his or life.
That condition can have triggered and make this disorder. There are other mental
health professionals who suspect that symptoms of DID may be invented by
overzealous therapist. The idea that repressed memories can be elicited,
remembered and disclosed within therapy is viewed by some with uncertainty,
indeed cynicism.

In this thesis the writer is interested in analyzing film where there many
aspects in film such as economy, social, ideology, culture, and psychology. Film
also called communicates information and ideas, and they show us place and ways
of life we might not otherwise know. Amy Villarejo stated that film is structured
like a language and it is telling stories. 5 It means that film offer us of seeing and
feeling that we find and Anna Powell said film is inspired product of creative
team and might well stimulate person fantasies.6 It means that film is working
togetherness and series of live picture in a frame where a frame is projected by
projector lens in mechanic so that the live picture will be seen as if it is alive.

The writer interested in choosing this film because three girls are
kidnapped by a man with a diagnosed 5 distinct personalities. They must try to
escape before the apparent emergence of a frightful new 24th. Though Kevin has

4
Lie Sun “Language Disorder Are Learning Disabilities Challenges on the Divergent and
Diverse Paths to Language Disability”. Journal Topics in Language Disorder/January-March 2014,
p.6
5
Amy Villarejo, Film Studies the Basic, (New York: Library of Congres, 2007), Third
Edition, p. 12.
6
Anna Powell, Deleuze, Altered States and Film, (Edinburgh University Press Ltd, 2007),
p. 3.
 3

evidenced 5 personalities to his trusted psychiatrist, Dr. Fletcher there remains

one still submerged who is set to materialize and dominate all of the others.
Compelled to abduct three teenage girls led by the willful, observant Casey, Kevin
reaches a war for survival among all of those contained within him as well as
everyone around him as the walls between his compartments shatter.

There are some problems that occasionally happen related to dissociative

identity disorder (DID) experienced are by Kevin in Split’s Film by Night
shyamalan, where Casey is a withdrawn teenager, having been molested as a
child by her uncle John, her legal guardian. While hanging out with her
classmates, Claire and Marcia, the three are kidnapped by Kevin Wendell Crumb,
a man suffering from dissociative identity disorder (DID). Kevin is in therapy
with Dr. Karen Fletcher, who has identified 23 distinct personalities within Kevin;
in his mind, these personalities sit in chairs in a room, waiting for Barry, the
dominant personality, to grant them their turn in the light (in control). She has also
found that Kevin's physiology changes with each personality. Fletcher has found
that she can brin g back Kevin's own personality by speaking his full name. it can
be seen in the quotations below:

Picture 1 7
Dr. Karen Fletcher : We're all here to protect Kevin.8

7
Duration: 00:58:54, 360 --> 00:58:56, 351
8
Duration: 00:58:54, 360 --> 00:58:56, 351
 4

Picture 2 9
Kevin : He's very weak.10

The pictures and dialogues above show that Dr. Karen Fletcher tries to
find the best way to make Kevin could back to his personality. She hopes that
Kevin can get health and solve his problems. Dr. Karen Fletcher is afraid if Kevin
can kill many people who she does not like it. Finally, based on the reasons above,
the writer will analyze this thesis entitle “Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)
in Split’s Film by Night Shyamalan”

1.2 Formulation of the Problem

Based on the background of the problems above, the writer makes the
formulations of the problems are arranged as follows:
1. What are the kinds of DID portrayed by Kevin in Split’s Film by Night
Shyamalan?

2. What are the cause of DID portrayed by Kevin in Split’s Film by Night
Shyamalan?

3. How does Kevin solve DID in Split’s Film by Night Shyamalan?

1.3 Limitation of the Problem

There are many aspects that can be used in the film, but in this case the
writer will focus on DID experienced by Kevin in the Split’s film by Night

9
Duration: 00:58:57, 120 --> 00:58:58, 599
10
Duration: 00:58:57, 120 --> 00:58:58, 599
 5

Shyamalan. Therefore, data is selected from the utterances uttered by Kevin as a

Dissociative Identity Disorder.
1.4 Purpose of the Research
Based on limitation of problem above, the purpose of this research is
1. To know kinds of DID portrayed by Kevin in Split’s Film by Night
Shyamalan.
2. To know the cause of DID portrayed by Kevin in Split’s Film by Night
Shyamalan.
3. To know Kevin solve DID in Split’s Film by Night Shyamalan.
1.5 Significance of the Research
In this research, the writer would like to find out DID experienced are by
Kevin in Split’s Film by Night Shyamalan. The writer takes the data from the
transcript of Split’s Film by Night Shyamalan. The writer hopes this research will
develop the writing ability and give additional information and knowledge to the
writer and the readers, especially to the student and lectures English Literature
Department wants to watch the film and even who wants to analyze the same film.
The writer hopes this research will make other people easier to identify the
politeness strategies and takes the positive side of this film.
 6

CHAPTER II
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

2.1 Theory of Psychology

Psychology is the scientific study of the behavior of human and other

animals. The term behavior refers both to overt, observable actions and to convert,
unobservable (internal) mental process and state such as perception, thought,
rezoning, problem solving, emotion and feelings. Systematic, objective
observations of overt behavior, including verbal behavior, were the sources of
psychology are the accurate and precise description of conduct, thoughts, and
feelings and investigation of the many variables biological, personal and social that
interact in determining behavior and mental process. 11
Personality, according to Freud is the enduring, distinctive thoughts,
emotion and behaviors that characterize the way people adopt and compromise the
world. This theory also helps the writer in identifying the character’s development
since the analysis concern on the round character and their conflict conflicts. The
foundation Freud’s contribution to modern psychology is his emphasis on the
unconscious aspect of the human psychic. Freud provide convincing evidence,
thought his many carefully recorded case studies, that most of our actions
motivated by psychological force solver which we have limit control. 12
In the general sense of the word, there is nothing new about the
psychology. As early as the fourth century B.C Aristotle’s used it in setting forth
his classic definition of tragedy as combining the emotion of pity and terror to
productize catharsis. In this sense, then, virtually every literary critic has been
concerned at some time with psychology of writing or responding literature.
13According to Nyoman Kuth Ratna:

11
Steven Pinker, Introduction of Psychology. (Fall, major approach to psychology,
Journal, 2001), p. 1
12
Dobie, Theory Into Practice-Psychological. USE California, 1990, p. 51
13
Wilfrend Elguerin et al. Handbook of Critical Approaches to Literature fifth edition.
New York: Oxford University Press, 2005, p. 156-157
 7

“teori kepribadian menurut frued pada umumnya dibagi menadi tiga yaitu:
a) id atau es, b) ego atau ich, c) super ego atau uber ich. Isi id adalah
dorongan-dorongan primitive yang haru dipuaskan, salah satunya adalah
libido. Id dengan demikian adalah subjektif primer, dunia batin sebelum
individu mempunyai pengalaman tentang dunia luar. Ego bertugas untuk
mengontrolid, sedangkan super ego berisi kata hati.14

We might say that the id would make us devils, that the super ego would
have us behave as angels (or, worse, as creature, of absolute social conformity),
and that it remains for the ego to keep us healthy human beings by maintaining a
balance between these two opposing forces, it was this balance that Freud
advocated.
2.1.1 Id (das es) adalah system kepribadian manusia yang paing dasar. Id adalah
“gelap” dalam bawah sadar manusia yang berisi insting dan nafsu_nafsu tak
kenl nilai dan agaknya berupa “energi buta” dalam perkembangannya
tumbuhlah ego yang perilakunya didasarkan atas prinsip kenyataan. Sementara
superego berkembang mengontrol dorongan-dorongan “buta” id tersebut Hal
ini berarti edo (dash ich) merupakan system kepribadian yang bertindak
sebagai pengarah individu kepada dunia obyek dari kenyataan, dan menjalan
fungsinya berdasarkan primsip kenyataan. 15
2.1.2 Ego adalah kepribadian implementatif yaitu berupa kontak dengan dunia
luar. 16
2.1.3 Adapun superego (das ueber ich) adalah system kepribadian yang berisi
nilai-nlai atau aturan yang bersifat evaluatif ( menyangkut baik buruk). Jadi apa
yang kemudian dinamakan novel psikologis ternyata merupakan karya yang
dikerjakan derdasarkan intrpretasi psikologis. 17
From the writer above it can be concluded that definition about id, ego dan
superego. Id is a component that contains the personality, where the system work
with the principles of fun “pleasure principle”. Ego is the personality who served
as executor, where the system work on the outside world to asses and deal with
reality or “secondary process” to work as mediator from id or to set the stimulus of
id so does not violate the values superego. Superego is the last system of
personaliry then the development of social contact or moral personality from the

14
Nyoman Kutha Ratna, Teori, Metode dan Teknik Penelitian Sastra, p. 62-63
15
Nyoman Kutha Ratna, Teori, Metode dan Teknik Penelitian Sastra, p. 62-63
16
Nyoman Kutha Ratna, Teori, Metode dan Teknik Penelitian Sastra, p. 62-63
17
Nyoman Kutha Ratna, Teori, Metode dan Teknik Penelitian Sastra, p. 62-63
 8

human because it is a filter of good bad sensor, completely wrong, can not
something be done by thrusting ego.

Finally, id, ego and superego have the same work in reality in human life.
Id was born when we are still baby. Ego can grow when a person three years old,
ego work to be controller the instincts and superego like morality law in our
self.Sigmaund Freud divides the using of psychoanaliytic approach to literature
into four object, they are:18

1. The author
The theory is used to analyze the author and his or her life, and the literary
work is seen to supply evidence for this analysis. This is often call
“psychobiography”.

2. The character
The theory is used to analyze one or more of the character; the
psychological theory becomes a tool to explain the character’s behaviour of
motivation. The more closely the theory seems to apply to the characters,
the more realistic the work appears.

3. The audience
The theory is used to explain the appeal of the work for those who read it;
the work is seen to embody universal human psychological process and
motivations, to which the readers respond more or less unconsciously.

4. The text
The theory is used to analyze the role of language and symbolism in the
work.

Every characters had their own feature itself forth reader. In the film, the
characters bring an important function as the dominant doer in every events of the

18
Sunaryono, The Analysis Of The Consequences Of Willy’s Frustration In His Life
Toward Himself And The Plot As Depicted In Arther Militer’s Death Of Salesman drama: A
psychoanalytic approach. (Jambi: Adab Faculty The State Institute For Islamic Students Sulthan
Thaha Saifuddin Jambi, 2013), p. 17
 9

story. By the knowing the characters in the film, sometimes, some readers can
catch what message. Moreover, character was a media for the writer to convey his
opinion to the readers by showing the character’s expression, opinion, attitude and
behavior.
This is more complete definition which told the film is a fiction this has
certainly length which describing the characters and actions then it could be the
representative of the real life that conducted in plot. The film which had own
length contain some important intrinsic elements inside; they were plot, character
setting, style and tone, point of view, structure and technique, and theme. In this
theatrical frame work, the writer just explains the character and the commitment of
main character to open the secret, because they both are the focus theories that
accordance to the topic researched.
2.2 Dissociative Identity Disorder

Dissociative identity disorder is a psychiatric problem that a person faces

by having two or more different personalities. Paulette M. Gillig said argues that
experts believe that the disorder originated in childhood, as a way to deal with
trauma, such as acts of violence.19 Based on this view, trauma causes a mental
separation, where a personality will emerge to deal with everyday experiences, and
other personalities will emerge to face bad experiences.

There are groups that believe that most cases of multiple personality
disorder indirectly arise from interactions that occur between clinical practitioners
and their clients who have vulnerabilities caused by psychological problems they
have.20 Humans in general must have experienced days when they acted not like
themselves. This is considered normal and is not what is meant by multiple
personalities. According Davison, the diagnosis of dissociative identity disorder
can be established if a person has at least two separate, or variable personality in

19
Paulette M. Gillig, “Dissociative Identity Disorder a Conversial Diagnosis”, Vol 6,
2009, p. 24-29
20
Wade Carol “abnormal psychology”, volume 2, edition 11, 2007, p.356
 10

existence, feelings and actions that are mutually influential and not mutually
arising and holding control at different times.21

Boonn & Draijer suggested that dissociative identity disorder usually

occurs in childhood, but is rarely diagnosed until adulthood. Disorders like this are
considered Boon and Draijer wider than other dispositive disorders, and healing is
also less thorough. Boon also stated that this disorder is far more common in
women than men. Other diagnoses include depression, threshold personality
disorders, and somatization disorders. Dissociative identity disorder is generally
accompanied by headache, substance abuse, phobias, hallucinations, suicide
attempts, sexual dysfunction, self-injurious behavior and also other dissociative
symptoms such as amnesia and depersonalization.

2.3 The Kinds of Dissociative Identity Disorder

The diagnosis of Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) can be established if

a person has at least two separate personality conditions. According Nevid there
are four forms of dissociative identity disorder, they are :22

1. The main personality

In the first form in the form of the main personality is not aware of the
presence of a substitute personality, the personality that is present after the
personality inherent in the actor. Nevid Durand state that this form is
characterized by a failure in the offender to recall personal information that is
too important to be considered ordinary forgetfulness.23 Failure to remember
important information in the offender makes the actor believe that he is a
unified whole and does not realize the change between personalities. In this
first form only the substitute personality is aware of the presence of the main
personality.

21
Davison “Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders”, 2007, p.258
22
Nevid and Rathus, et al..Psikologi Abnormal, Fifth Edition. Penerjemah (Tim Fakultas
Psikologi UI: Murad, J.dkk), (Jakarta: Penerbit Erlangga, 2005), p. 23
23
Nevid and Rathus, et al..Psikologi Abnormal, p. 28
 11

2. The dominant personality

In the second form in the form of one dominant personality in the

offender. Nevid states that this is characterized by the tendency of one
personality to show itself, and conversely there is a personality that is
marginalized and rarely appears to appear. Seeing these two markers, in this
form it can be concluded that one personality has the ability to set aside another
personality. Ashraf Aisha also supported that dominant or core personality and
substitute, of course there are still markers that show that the personality that
often appears has been known that the personality is the dominant personality.
Whereas a personality that rarely appears is an excluded personality possessed
by an actor and rarely appears to show itself.24

3. The dissociative identity which there is no connection between the

personality

In the third form in the form of the two personalities not aware of each
other. Nevid state that this form can be characterized by the existence of
memory gaps for what the perpetrator has done. Then it happens because at
least all personalities have little contact with other personalities. In this form all
personalities only have a little memory about what other personalities are, not
even recognizing at all that he has a different personality. This form certainly
sees that there is no connection between the personality of one and the other
personalities, so that any change in each personality is still not realized by the
actor.

4. The dissociative identity which there is connection between the

personality

In the last form in the form of the two personalities competing to get the
actors' self-control, that this form is characterized by every personality that is

24
Ashraf Aisha, Krishnan Radhika, Wudneh Eden, Acharya Ajita and Tohid Hassaan,
“Dissociative Identity Disorder: A Pathophysiological Phenomenon”, Journal of Cell Science &
Therapy Vol 7, 2016, p. 251
 12

quite complex, has its own pattern of behavior, memory and relationships. Each
personality determines the actions of the actors when they are in control.
Usually each of these personalities is quite different, even conflicting. This form
of personality will become a controller in each one of the personality. Therefore,
this personality will appear to show itself that the personality is attractive to the
actor.

Based on the explanation above it can concluded that, there are four kinds
of Dissociative Identity Disorder, they are, the main personality, the dominant
personality, the dissociative identity disorder that the two personalities within the
actors are not aware of each other, the dissociative identity disorder is the two
personalities in the opposing actors and competing for self-control of the offender.
The writer will use this theory to find out DID experienced and portrayed by Kevin
in Split’s Film by Night Shyamalan.

2.4 The Causes of Dissociative Identity Disorder

Dissociative identity disorder usually occurs in childhood, but is rarely

diagnosed until adulthood. Nevid and Rathus said there are four causes of
dissociative identity disorder, they are: 25

1. The weakness of the nervous system in the offender

The first cause of dissociative identity disorder is the weakness of the

nervous system. State weakness in the system of intracranial (cerebral)
aneurysms which are the walls of the cerebral arteries that develop as a result
of weakness of the arterial wall. Rupture of the aneurysm always occurs
suddenly, not always accompanied by severe headaches and often loses
consciousness for varying periods. States that weakness in the nervous system
can affect all aspects related to behavior and resistance to stress. Criteria for
weakness of the nervous system are characterized by a lack of nutrition in the
offender, for example a decrease in blood glucose which causes the offender to

25
Nevid and Rathus, et al..Psikologi Abnormal, p. 29
 13

be easily emotional. Furthermore, markers on the weakness of this nervous

system are abnormalities in the genes of the offender. The next marker is the
perpetrator has experienced a disease such as Parkinson's which is usually
accompanied by symptoms of depression. This weakness in the nervous system
can also be an occipital lobe which causes a person to be suddenly rough,
illusory and experience visual hallucinations. In addition, weakness in the
nervous system is also characterized by inconsistencies between the left and
right hemispheres, making the perpetrator no longer able to think rationally and
often hallucinate with what he does not experience.

2. The perpetrator has experienced severe distress.

The second cause of dissociative identity disorder is experiencing

severe distress. This distress is caused by severe physical or sexual torture in
childhood. Torture this results in dissociation and the formation of various
other personalities as a way to deal with trauma. In addition, and also explains
if this distress is also characterized by the presence of pressures with what is
not liked by the perpetrator. This pressure makes the perpetrator become
miserable and confined as the relationship between parents and children is not
harmonious, the heavy stress that comes in a row and the lack of attention of
the mother to her child. The distress was not solely caused by the torture
obtained by the perpetrators. The distress can be a bitter memory experienced
by the perpetrator, such as seeing his mother and father die while stepping on a
mine on the battlefield. Durand's heartbreaking event is believed to be a marker
of the cause of dissociative identity disorder in the form of experiencing great
distress.26

3. The effort to reduce desire on the offender.

The third cause of dissociative identity disorder is the perpetrator's

effort to reduce the desire to reduce desire. This is a characterized by the failure
of the perpetrator to realize what is desired because it is hindered by

26
Nevid and Rathus, et al..Psikologi Abnormal, p. 35
 14

circumstances, the perpetrator does not have the opportunity to achieve what he
wants. This situation makes the perpetrator always wish they could have
something that is desired. In the end these tendencies are included in some
personality traits and are not controlled.

4. The encouragement of willingness to stand alone in the offender.

The last cause of dissociative disorders is the urge to stand alone in the
wild. States that this is characterized by the function of volition which is the
desire of a different personality, then he conflicts with the functions of the part
of the will that was earlier. So that the wills of each of these will stand alone.
Then there was a personal split, multiple personal or multiple personalities.
This theory is also which states that people with dissociative identity disorder
have the ability to fantasize life and often imagine that they are someone else
not themselves.

Based on the explanation above it can concluded that, there are four kinds
of causes of Dissociative Identity Disorder, they are, the weakness of the nervous
system in the offender, the perpetrator has experienced severe distress, the effort to
reduce desire on the offender, the encouragement of willingness to stand alone in
the offender. The writer will use this theory to find out the causes of DID portrayed
by Kevin in Split’s Film by Night Shyamalan.

2.5 The Ways to Solve Speech and DID

There are three ways to solve Speech and DID in person, it can be seen
below:27

1. Getting Speech and Psychotherapy

Getting Speech and DID Psychotherapy is the way to know get

understanding with other people, because the person who had problem in DID
they could not get what they want as other people did, psychotherapy lasts for

27
Lie Sun “Language Disorder Are Learning Disabilities Challenges on the Divergent and
Diverse Paths to Language Disability”. p.6
 15

five to seven years. Isa Mars also supported that the main purpose is to “unite”
some intact personalities. Psychotherapy also helps sufferers deal with trauma
that triggers the emergence of other personalities.28 They need someone can
understand them and listen to their problems and find the way to solve the
problems.

2. Getting Much Speech

Getting Much Speech is the way to solve people who had problem in
DID, they could not speak well so they need to make much speech to practice
their speaking. It could with friends and also with family. To make the most
progress in the least amount of time needs to get as much speech/language
therapy as they can tolerate and no less than twice a week.

3. Family Involvement

Some of the most important factors that people progress include family
carry over, participation and motivation. The more interest, devotion and
excitement you show, the better their attitude will be toward therapy. As a
result, the more progress people will make. Whether it is doing homework,
viewing therapy appointments as priorities, or talking to their about what they
are learning, it makes a huge difference.

Based on explanation above it can be concluded that there are three

ways to solve DID such as Getting Speech and DID therapy, Getting Much
Speech and Family Involvement. The writer will use this theory to find out
Kevin solve DID in Split’s by Night Shyamalan.

2.6 Review of Related Research

In this thesis, the writer is the first research in English Literature
Department of Adab and Humanities Faculty UIN Sulthan Thaha Saifuddin Jambi,
who will do the research about the dissociative identity disorder (DID) experienced

28
Isa Mars, “5 Keys to Overcoming Speech and Language Disorder”,
https://www.speechlanguagefeeding.com/5-keys-overcoming-language-disorder/, accessed on 01
November 2019
 16

are by Kevin in Split’s Film by Night Shyamalan, but there are researchers that
have been found by the writer who have discussed about dissociative identity
disorder (DID) they are.
Firstly, entitled a “A Study of Sybil’s Dissociative Identity Disorder in
Flora Rheta Schreiber’s Sybil, The True Story of Woman Possessed by Sixteen
Personalities” Thesis, English Language Education Study Program Departmen of
Language and Arts Education Faculty of Teachers Training and Education Sanata
Dharma University Yogyakarta which is analyzed by Dian Ndari Nastiti in 2010.29
She analyze a woman named Sybil, a main character of Flora Rheta Schreiber’s
novel, Sybil, The True Story of Woman Possessed by Sixteen Personalities, who
suffers from dissociative identity disorder in which she has 16 co- existing
personalities as a result of terrible childhood trauma. There are three problems
related to the topic of this thesis. (1) How are Sybil and her splitting personalities
described in the novel? (2) How is Sybil’s dissociative identity disorder described?
(3) How does Sybil cope with all the conflicts in her splitting personalities?. The
primary source is from the novel itself, whereas the secondary sources are from
books, criticism, and articles related to the subject of the study. Some relevant
references such as: personality theory, dissociative identity disorder theory,
parental influences on children psychological development theory, and mother-
daughter theory are the secondary sources. Those theories are used to analyses the
novel. The psychological approach is also used in this analysis to observe Sybil’s
dissociative identity disorder as formulated in the problems in this study.
Second entitled “The Multiple Personality in Daniel Keyes’ The Minds of
Billy Milligan” Thesis, English and Language Department Faculty of Humanities
and Culture The State Islamic University of Malang that is analyzed by Faiqotul
Lathifah in 2008.30 She analyze the process of data collected related to the forms
of Billy’s psychological conflicts, and the result shows that we are able to divide
29
Dian Ndari Nastiti, “A Study of Sybil’s Dissociative Identity Disorder in Flora Rheta
Schreiber’s Sybil, The True Story of Woman Possessed by Sixteen Personalities”, Thesis, English
Language Education Study Program Departmen of Language and Arts Education Faculty of
Teachers Training and Education Sanata Dharma University Yogyakarta p. 15
30
Faiqotul Lathifah, “The Multiple Personality in Daniel Keyes’ The Minds of Billy
Milligan”, Thesis, English and Language Department Faculty of Humanities and Culture The State
Islamic University of Malang, 2008, p. 9
 17

the forms of psychological conflicts faced by Billy Milligan into: internal and
external conflicts. Internal conflicts are shown in the forms of Trauma, anxiety,
and Depression. Whereas the external conflicts or the conflict that comes from
outside is Billy’s child abuses which are done by his stepfather. Whereas as
result of the second part of analysis that emphasize to analyze the kinds of
Billy’s personalities by using Jung’s theory conclude that from 10 of 24
personalities which are being analyzed by the researcher, we find only three
types of personality among them, introversion thinking, introversion feeling,
and extroversion feeling. This study also proves that child abuses which are
experienced by Billy is the most responsible thing to all the entire of Billy’s
psychological conflicts and also his Multiple personality.
Third entitled, “The Expressive Language Disorder of the Cerebral Palsy in
the Skallagrigg Movie”. Thesis, English Letters and Language Department,
Faculty of Humanities, the State Islamic University of Maulana Malik Ibrahim
Malang that is analyzed by Fizrokul, in 2015.31 Esther’s utterances have some
kinds of speech and language disorder namely articulation disorder (from the
manner of articulation), phonological disorder (substituting, failure, and omitting
sound), voice disorder (improperly, talking too long, and unnatural pitch), and
stuttering (dysfluency and pauses). The result also shows that articulation disorder
is mostly found. The result also shows that Esther’s experience are angry, happy,
serious and underestimated condition. Finally, after analyzing the language of
cerebral palsy in kinds of language disorder speaker, the researcher and the readers
are expected to know about the kinds of language disorder. Besides, this study can
lead for the next researcher that is psycholinguistic researchers who have interest
to language disorder, especially in Cerebral Palsy (CP) it is better do field research
in real conversation.
Fourth entitled, “An Analysis of Dissociative Identity Disorder in R. L.
Stevenson’s The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde”. Thesis, English
Literature Department, Pasundan University, analyzed by Siti Maesyaroh and Erik

31
Fizrokul, The Expressive Language Disorder of the Cerebral Palsy in the Skallagrigg
Movie, Skripsi: English Letters and Language Department, Faculty of Humanities, the State Islamic
University of Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, 2015, p. 5
 18

Rusmana S.S,.M.Hum, in 2017.32 The object in this research is a fiction prose that
entitled The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1991). It was written by
Robert Louis Stevenson. Like in the human social life, there is also a problems or
issues that was adapted in the novel. One of common problems is psychological
problem. The writer attempted to potray the main character psychological problem
by identifying the intrinsic elements (plot, character and setting). The novel talked
about the main character that was Dr. Jekyll. This paper also used the
psychoanalysis theory by Sigmund Freud in order to find the causes of the main
character’s psychological problem. This paper used descriptive qualitative method
to answer the research question. By identifying the intrinsic elements, the writer
found that the main character’s psychological disorder that he has two
personalities. In general, psychological field, the psychological disorder that
suffered by the character, it is referred into Dissociative Identity Disorder.
From some research studies above, it can be conclude that writer deal with
Dissociative Identity Disorder. In this research discusses about Dissociative
Identity Disorder of a main character in The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr.
Hyde novel. The writer will uses this review of related research to find out
Dissociative Identity Disorder experienced are by Kevin in Split’s Film by Night
Shyamalan.

32
Siti Maesyaroh and Erik Rusmana S.S, .M.Hum, An Analysis of Dissociative Identity
Disorder in R. L. Stevenson’s The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, Skripsi: English
Literature Department, Pasundan University, 2017, p. 4
 19

CHAPTER III
METHOD OF RESEARCH

3.1 Design of Research

In writing this thesis, the writer uses qualitative research and descriptive
method that is suitable with the aim of this research. Qualitative research may be in
descriptive form. The data are collected in the form of words as a descriptive
explanation than a number. The result of the research contained quotation from the
data to illustrate and substantive the presentation. Descriptive research is a research
which aims to describe a phenomenon accurately based on the characteristic of
research.33 In this thesis, the writer uses qualitative research, where the data are
analyzed through interpreting, not statistic analysis. Nyoman Kutha Ratna stated
that:

“Metode kualitatif memberikan perhatian terhadap data alamiah, data dalam

hubungannya dengan konteks keberadaanya. Cara-cara inilah yang
mendorong metode kualitatif dianggap sebagai multi metode sebab penelitian
pada gilirannya melibatkan sejumlah besar gejala sosial yang relevan. Dalam
penelitian karya sastra, misalnya, akan dilibatkan pengarang, lingkungan
social di mana pengarang berada, termasuk unsur-unsur kebudayaan.”34

Based on the quotation above, the qualitative research can be used in this
research due to the qualitative method did not only involves the intrinsic aspect in
literary work. But, it can be related with the extrinsic aspect in the literary itself.
So, that is why, the qualitative method also can be said as multi method. Because,
the relating of the intrinsic aspect and extrinsic aspect in the literary itself.
Descriptive is: “Data yang dikumpulkan berupa kata-kata, gambar dan bukan
angka-angka, hal itu disebabkan oleh penerapan metode kualitatif.”35

33
John W. Creswell, Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design, (United States of America:
California 1997), p. 15.
34
Nyoman Kutha Ratna, Teori, Metode dan Teknik Penelitian Sastra. Cet. Ke-III edisi
revisi, (Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, 2011), p. 47.
35
Sugiyono, Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif Kualitatif dan R & D, (Bandung: Alfabeta,
2009), p. 9.
 20

According to Merriam in his book also stated that “Qualitative research is

planning a research project can be compared to planning for a variation trip”.36 So,
qualitative method is analyzing about descriptive data and is it a process to do a
research such as writer or spoken, at the person who is observed in this research,
where qualitative method also analyzing about the data from outside which the
data still not right. Qualitative research method is the method that rely on research
through libraries that rely on data that is almost entirely from the library.
In this theory, qualitative research in research procedures which produce
descriptive data as spoken words of the person or behavior being researched. Moh
Nazir stated that “Metode deskriptif adalah ini bertujuan untuk membuat deskripsi,
gaambaran atau lukisan secara sistematis, faktual dan akurat mengenai fakta-
fakta, sifat-sifat serta hubungan antar fenomena yang diselidiki”37. It makes easy
the research to get the right data. It means that qualitative method is analyzing
about descriptive data who are used documentation in this research, by using this
qualitative method, the writer felt easy to analyze the film.
Based on those statements, it can be concluded that qualitative research is
analyzing about descriptive data that is collected is in the form of the situation of
the natural object. Where descriptive data such as writer or spoken, by using
qualitative research the writer had a rice answer about the question in analyzing the
problem in Split’s Film by Night Shyamalan.
3.2 Sources of Data

The main data directly related to the discussion of the thesis. In this
research the writer takes the data from Split’s Film by Night Shyamalan, a film
which was directed by Night Shyamalan in 2007, with the duration 115.22
minutes. This film got award awards including, Academy of Science Fiction,
Fantasy & Horror Films, USA 2017 as Best Thriller Film, Casting Society of
America, USA 2018 as Outstanding Achievement in Casting - Studio or
Independent Feature - Drama, Central Ohio Film Critics Association 2018 as Best

36
Sharan B. Merriam, Rualitative Research and Case Study Applications in Education,
(New York City, 1998), p. 3.
37
Moh. Nazir, Motode Penelitian, (Bogor: Pnerbit Ghalia Indonesia, 2011), p. 54.
 21

Actor, CinEuphoria Awards 2018 as Best Actor - Audience Award, Empire

Awards, UK 2018 as Best Horror, 2017 Fright Meter Awards as Best Actor, 2017
Golden Schmoes Awards as Best Horror Movie of the Year, 2017 Golden Trailer
Awards as Best Thriller Poster, 2018 Hawaii Film Critics Society as Best Actor,
2017 International Online Cinema Awards (INOCA) as Best Actor, 2017 London
Critics Circle Film Awards as Young British / Irish Performer of the Year, MTV
Movie + TV Awards 2017 as Best Actor in a Movie, North Texas Film Critics
Association, US 2018 as Best Actor.38

The writer used the script, dialogues and picture on screen. The writer used
as resources in support or data indirectly but closely related to the discussion of the
thesis, the data which support this research such as some internet and cyber data,
books, dictionaries, new papers, and the other source that have correlation with the
research.39

3.3 Technique of Data Collection

In an effort to get the data and fact, in this research the writer uses
documentation and Sugiyono stated that “Dokumen merupakan catatan peristiwa
yang sudah berlalu dan dokumen ialah setiap bahan tertulis, filim ataupun dari
record yang dipersiapkan karena adanya permintaan seorang penyidik”.40 It
means that in qualitative research, the writer used some documents that have
correlation or support the problem of the research, because this research is
descriptive that is why the writer described and analyzed the data that has been
found in Split’s Film by Night Shyamalan to answer of the problems that has been
formulated in the formulation of the problem. The writer had some steps in
collecting the data, in order to make this research more specific. The steps in
collecting data:

38
https://www.imdb.com/title/tt4972582/awards
39
Tim Penyusun, Pedoman Penulisan Skripsi, (Jambi: Fakultas Adab-Sastra da
Kebudayaan Islam, 2011), p. 14.
40
Sugiyono, Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif Kualitatif dan R & D, p. 9.
 22

a. Collecting all data from the film that had been taking from script and other
sources which are closely related to the aim of the research and also
watching repeatedly and comprehensively for some senses, dialogues, and
symbol that exist in Split’s Film by Night Shyamalan and articles in the
cyber data as many as possible which show a form of problem.
b. Reading the data repeatedly, after getting all important sources, the writer
read it to make sure that the data are correlating with the research.
c. Marking on the words or sentences and all the important statements and
information, as well as afterwards, making a note of data. After reading the
3.3 Technique of Data Collection
sources carefully, the writer marked any important statements to make the
writer easier in the analyzing process for the research.
d. Identifying and classifying the data, after finding all the data completely, the
writer processed the data to analyze them. Finally, the writer made a good
arrangement for the thesis itself as the last in finalizing research.
3.4 Technique of Data Analysis
After collecting the data, the writer analyzed the data. In qualitative
research, technique analysis data are used to answer the formulation of the problem
in analysis data, the writer used a technique of data analysis. The writer had several
techniques from the data analysis, in order to make this research more specific.
According to Susan Stainback, “Data analysis is critical to the qualitative
research process. It is to recognition, study, and understanding of interrelationship
and concept in your data that hypotheses and assertions can be developed and
ecaluated”.41 Nyoman Kutha Ratna stated that “Sesuai dengan namanya analisis
isi terutama berhubungan dengan isi komunikasi baik secara verbal maupun non
verbal…42 In line with this stat ement, the writer used the method. According to
Nyoman Kutha Ratna:
“Isi dalam metode analisis terdiri dari atas dua macam, yaitu isi laten dan
isi komunikasi. Isi laten adalah isi yang terkandung dalam dokumen dan
naskah, sedangkan isi komunikasi adalah pesan yang terkandung sebagai
komunikasi yang terjadi. Isi laten adalah isi sebagaimana dimasudkan oleh

41
Sugiyono, Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif Kualitatif dan R & D, p. 244.
42
Ibid
 23

penulis, sedangkan isi komunikasi adalah sebagaimana terwujud dalam

hubungan naskah dengan konsumen.”43

In this research, the writer used content analysis because this research a lot
of explanation are described event, behavior, and object. It was way the writer
described, analyzed the data that has been found in the script Split’s Film by Night
Shyamalan to find the answer the formulation of the problems that have been
formulated.

The writer had some steps in analyzing the data, in order to make this
research more specific. The steps are:

a. Identifying
The writer identified the data and made assumptions or finds the politeness
strategies are used by Anne and some reasons she used it in Split’s Film by
Night Shyamalan.

b. Classifying the data

The writer classified the text event teaching which has correlated with the
source and combined in Split’s Film by Night Shyamalan.

c. Analyzing, describing, explaining

The writer analyzed, described and explained the data about the main
character’s ambitious in Split’s Film by Night Shyamalan.

d. Making the conclusion

After all the data have been analyzed, described and explained in the
research, the writer makes the conclusion of the research.

43
Ibid
 24

CHAPTER IV

ANALYSIS

4.1 The Kinds of DID Portrayed by Kevin in Split’s Film by Night Shyamalan

The writer found that there are four kinds of DID Portrayed by Kevin in
Split’s Film by Night Shyamalan. It can be seen below:
1. The Main Personality
The main personality is not aware of the presence of a substitute
personality, the personality that is present after the personality inherent in
the actor. The writer found that the main personality in this research is
Kevin, where he was mysteries but he was good. He just hoped that he can
get what he wanted in his life and in this film the appearance of Kevin is
only at the beginning and the end of the scene. It can be seen in the
example below:

Picture 3 44
From the quotation above it can be known that Kevin was good and
he always take care people around him. He was funny and always smile
with people around him, even he was seldom to talk with people but he
always wants to make his life get happiness. He helps the people, it can be
seen below:

44
Duration: 00:03:27, 992 --> 00:03:31, 776
 25

Picture 4 45
Kevin : I don't know where they're going with this46

Picture 5 47
Kevin : Who are you ?48

From the quotation above Kevin did not realize who was in front of
him, Kevin felt he was on the bus. He did not realize that he as Dennis had
kidnapped three women, and torturing them, even almost killing the three
girls was not feasible until finally Mr. Beast killed the two girls he
kidnapped. Besides Dr. Fletcher as a doctor of therapy Kevin disease has
also been killed by Mr. Beast who has an evil character. Kevin regrets all
his actions and asks Casey to kill him using his rifle.

45
Duration: 01:24:22, 024 --> 01:24:25, 025
46
Duration: 01:24:22, 024 --> 01:24:25, 025
47
Duration: 01:34:22, 472 --> 01:34:24, 619
48
Duration: 01:34:22, 472 --> 01:34:24, 619
 26

2. The Dominant Personality

In the second form in the form of one dominant personality in the
offender. Dominant or core personality are often appearing has been
known that the personality is the dominant personality. Whereas a
personality that rarely appears is an excluded personality possessed by an
actor and rarely appears to show itself. Dennis is always appearing in the
film and he loved with the girls who can dance. There were fifteen Dennis
scenes in this film but the writer only takes five scenes from Dennis.

Picture 6 49

Picture 7 50
From the quotation above Dennis tried to kidnap three women who
were in a car in a restaurant parking lot use the sprayed anesthetic and
brought him an old underground revival. They tried to fight Dennis but
with relaxed and quick Dennis issued an infusion so the woman became
unconscious.

49
Duration: 00:03:45, 029 --> 00:03:47, 522
50
Duration: 00:03:45, 029 --> 00:03:47, 522
 27

Picture 8 51
Casey : Pee on yourself
Marcia : No No52

Picture 9 53
Marcia : He wanted me to dance for him54
From the quotation above Dennis asked one of the women to dance
in front of him. However, the woman refused, then Dennis carried and
forced to bring the woman to the next room. The woman tried to thwart
Dennis’ plan by peeing in her pants, and after a while Dennis returned the
woman to the initial place.

Picture 10 55

51
Duration: 00:08:05, 232 --> 00:08:06, 826
52
Duration: 00:08:05, 232 --> 00:08:06, 826
53
Duration: 00:08:47, 677 --> 00:08:50, 054
54
Duration: 00:08:47, 677 --> 00:08:50, 054
 28

Clarie : Help me56

Picture 11 57
Dr. Fletcher : This is a crime58
From the quotation above Dr. Fletcher suspects Dennis responsible
for the kidnappings. Dr. Fletcher tried to help the woman who was
kidnapped by Dennis. But, Dr. Fletcher failed to help the woman because
Dennis come to see Dr. Fletcher and immediately angry and gave an
infusion to her unconscious. He falls in love with the girls who perform
dance in front of him.

Picture 12 59
Dennis : Remove it60

From the quotation above he had taken the girls, he saw the girls
and he want to make love with them. He asked the girl to open the dress to

55
Duration: 01:18:29, 767 --> 01:18:31, 734
56
Duration: 01:18:29, 767 --> 01:18:31, 734
57
Duration: 01:19:00, 177 --> 01:19:01, 786
58
Duration: 01:19:00, 177 --> 01:19:01, 786
59
Duration: 00:34:19, 919 --> 00:34:21, 687
60
Duration: 00:34:19, 919 --> 00:34:21, 687
 29

make love with him. He also asked the girl to take care the body, because
he wanted to give the girls with someone that his different personality.

Picture 13 61
Dennis : and the pink bottle for the floor62

Picture 14 63
Dennis : and I promise not to bother you again64

From the quotation above Dennis tried to give a chance with the

girls to clean the bathroom, because they have made dirty in the bathroom.

Besides kidnapping, Dennis also told three women to clean the bathroom.

Dennis did not like if the room and bathroom were dirty, felt the fear of

three women followed the order Dennis and cleaned the room and

bathroom.

61
Duration: 00:22:41, 274 --> 00:22:44, 858
62
Duration: 00:22:41, 274 --> 00:22:44, 858
63
Duration: 00:23:19, 164 --> 00:23:22, 133
64
Duration: 00:23:19, 164 --> 00:23:22, 133
 30

Picture 15 65
Barry : That's supposed to be like a, Like a tailored jacket66

From the quotation above Barry is an adult figure who has a fashion
design hobby. Barry was at home Dr. Fletcher and told about design of the
clothes he made and showed Dr. Fletcher. But, because his role is always
taken over by Dennis, Barry’s personality rarely appears.

Picture 16 67
Ms. Patricia : He's not allowed to touch you.68

From the quotation above Kevin’s personality is terrible after

Dennis. Patricia is a “woman” who is bossy perfectionist and more or less
the same as Dennis, control freak. The difference is, Patricia shows it in a
calmer but more dangerous way. Patricia stated that Kevin’s other
personalities would obey whatever he ordered. But the character of Patrica
rarely appears in Kevin’s body.

65
Duration: 00:14:34, 562 --> 00:14:40, 134
66
Duration: 00:14:34, 562 --> 00:14:40, 134
67
Duration: 00:20:28, 342 --> 00:20:32, 710
68
Duration: 00:20:28, 342 --> 00:20:32, 710
 31

Picture 17 69
Orwell : I would liken it to Muhammad's brazen ultimatum70

From the quotation above this personality only appears through

videos found on Kevin’s computer. Orwell is a very intelligent but
mysterious man. It is said that Orwell was a scholar who took Southeast
Asian History education, as seen from the way he explained the facts
about the Chahamanas Shakambari dynasty in India, the rulers of the
Ghurid Empire, and other. In fact, it is not only Orwell that there are many
other characters that do not appear there is only data on Kevin’s computer.

Picture 18 71
The Beast : Can't you see I am not human?72

From the quotation above this personality is Kevin’s most

dangerous and feared personality. The Beast has the strength and
immunity that humans do not normally have. He can cut metal bars and

69
Duration: 01:23:03, 072 --> 01:23:06, 758
70
Duration: 01:23:03, 072 --> 01:23:06, 758
71
Duration: 01:42:49, 443 --> 01:42:51, 859
72
Duration: 01:42:49, 443 --> 01:42:51, 859
 32

break the human body into two parts with only his bare hands. The Beast
is very difficult to kill with and weapon. But this personality rarely
appears only at the end of the film.

3. The dissociative Identity

The dissociative identity is two personalities not aware of each

other. In this form all personalities only have a little memory about what
other personalities are, not even recognizing at all that he has a different
personality. This form certainly sees that there is no connection between
the personality of one and the other personalities, so that any change in
each personality is still not realized by the actor. He did not aware if he was
changed into different personality.

Picture 19 73
Hedwig : He's on the move.74

From the quotation above it showed when Dennis change into

Hedwig. Where Dennis was adult and he always take care of the people.
Hedwig was the children and he was active. He always disturbs the people
around him and always smile alone. He did not know what Dennis had
done, so he saw three women in the room and he was happy because there
were friends playing.

73
Duration: 00:24:45, 708 --> 00:24:49, 048
74
Duration: 00:24:45, 708 --> 00:24:49, 048
 33

4. The Dissociative Identity Which There is Connection Between the

Personality

In the last form in the form of the two personalities competing to

get the actors' self-control, that this form is characterized by every
personality that is quite complex, has its own pattern of behavior, memory
and relationships. Each personality determines the actions of the actors
when they are in control.

Picture 20 75
Hedwig : We could be gone before anybody gets back, but76

From the quotation above Hedwig innocent child was asked to help
free the three women, but Hedwig felt confused and depressed about his
fear of Dennis and Barry so that soon the personality of Dennis and Barry
scrambled to take over the situation, and in the end the powerful Dennis
controlled Kevin's body.

75
Duration: 00:27:16, 531 --> 00:27:19, 354
76
Duration: 00:27:16, 531 --> 00:27:19, 354
 34

Picture 21 77
Casey : No78
From the quotation above Ms. Patricia who was making bread jam
was suddenly hit by the girl kidnapped by Dennis. the girl tried to escape
from the abduction. when the situation is stressed when being a personality
becomes a woman and is hit with a chair. Dennis's personality and Mr.
Beast scramble to take control of Kevin's body. but this personality was
successfully taken over by Dennis so that the woman was locked in a room
and locked.

Picture 22 79
Casey : show me something
Hedwig : I don’t want80

Picture 23 81
Dennis : And how did you get one of our walkies?82

77
Duration: 00:47:10, 533 --> 00:47:11, 889
78
Duration: 00:47:10, 533 --> 00:47:11, 889
79
Duration: 01:03:44, 589 --> 01:03:46, 450
80
Duration: 01:03:44, 589 --> 01:03:46, 450
81
Duration: 01:06:09, 117 --> 01:06:11, 895
82
Duration: 01:06:09, 117 --> 01:06:11, 895
 35

From the quotation above Hedwig tries to give HT (Hand Talking)

Radio to Casey. Then Casey tried to use the HT to ask for help. Then felt
that the Hedwig figure was under pressure at that time unable to obtain the
HT from Casey. Felling afraid of being scolded by Dennis, the Barry figure
approached Casey, the figure of Hedwig has turned into a Barry.

Based on the explanations above it can be concluded that the there

are four kinds of DID portrayed by Kevin in Split’s Film by Night
Shyamalan, they are the main personality, the dominant personality, the
dissociative identity and the dissociative identity which there is connection
between the personality.

4.2 The Cause of DID Portrayed by Kevin in Split’s Film by Night

Shyamalan.

1. The Perpetrator Has Experienced Severe Distress

The second cause of dissociative identity disorder is experiencing

severe distress. This distress is caused by severe physical or sexual torture
in childhood. When he was child he got bad accident it caused him have
personality problem.

When the was child he loves with his father very much. His father
always asks him to go in the forest. It can be seen below:

Picture 26 83

83
Duration: 00:13:15, 771 --> 00:13:17, 859
 36

Father : You'll learn to stay with it.84

From the quotations above it can be seen that his father was a
hunter and he always ask him to go in the forest and give him the education
about nature. He always loves with forest and everything in the world.

Picture 2485
Dennis : What his mother did to him, 86

Picture 2587
Dennis : I remember it all88

From the quotations above when Kevin was talking to Dr. Fletcher
suddenly came the figure of Dennis, Dennis told Dr. Fletcher about how
badly the life of Kevin was. Dennis said that Kevin was always persecuted
by his own biological mother after being left by his father.

84
Duration: 00:13:15, 771 --> 00:13:17, 859
85
Duration 01:13:03, 847 --> 01:13:07, 215
86
Duration 01:13:03, 847 --> 01:13:07, 215
87
Duration 01:13:07, 217 --> 01:13:09, 884
88
Duration 01:13:07, 217 --> 01:13:09, 884
 37

Picture 27 89
Kevin’s uncle : Let's pretend we're animals again90

Picture 28 91
Kevin’s uncle : Come on92

From the quotation above Kevin’s uncle tried to persuade Kevin to

do intimate things while hunting in the forest. Kevin was asked to take off
his clothes and approach his uncle who was not wearing clothes. His uncle
threatened to report Kevin to his father if he did not follow his uncle’s
words.

89
Duration: 01:08:22, 349 --> 01:08:24, 583
90
Duration: 01:08:22, 349 --> 01:08:24, 583
91
Duration: 01:08:58, 149 --> 01:08:59, 985
92
Duration: 01:08:58, 149 --> 01:08:59, 985
 38

Picture 29 93
Kevin’s mother : Kevin Wendell crumb!
You made a mess! Get out here!94

Picture 30 95
From the quotation Kevin always gets violence, punches and torture
from his own mother. Kevin received torture at any time, Kevin who at that
time was still young, could not resist his mother, he was only willing to
accept torture. The torture made the wound in Kevin’s hand even Kevin’s
body. The torture also caused deep trauma to Kevin.

2. The Encouragement of Willingness to Stand Alone in the Offender

The last cause of dissociative disorders is the urge to stand alone in the
wild. States that this is characterized by the function of volition which is the
desire of a different personality, then he conflicts with the functions of the part
of the will that was earlier. So that the wills of each of these will stand alone.
Then there was a personal split, multiple personal or multiple personalities.

93
Duration: 01:33:49, 003 --> 01:33:50, 908
94
Duration: 01:33:49, 003 --> 01:33:50, 908
95
Duration: 01:33:50, 988 --> 01:33:54, 122
 39

Picture 3196

Picture 3297

Kevin’s uncle : this isn’t funny, I am your uncle98

From the quotation above the nature of Kevin who is quite, obedient,
becomes a rebel because of the action of his uncle who had sexually harassed
him and a sense of wanting to stand alone arises, and Kevin also does not
want the incident to be known by his father so Kevin intends to kill his uncle
using a rifle.

Based on the explanations above it can be concluded that there are two
causes of DID portrayed by Kevin in Split’s Film by Night Shyamalan they
are the perpetrator has experienced severe distress where he remembered
about the past and he was still afraid and the encouragement of willingness to
stand alone in the offender where it caused his past and he could not forget it
that was why he want to be independent.

96
Duration: 01:09:29, 782 --> 01:09:31, 561
97
Duration: 01:09:40, 360 --> 01:09:42, 072
98
Duration: 01:09:40, 360 --> 01:09:42, 072
 40

4.3 Kevin solve DID in Split’s Film by Night Shyamalan

1. Getting Speech and Psychotherapy

Getting Speech and Psychotherapy is the way to know get

understanding with other people, because the person who had problem in DID
they could not get what they want as other people did, psychotherapy lasts for
five to seven years. Isa Mars also supported that the main purpose is to “unite”
some intact personalities. Psychotherapy also helps sufferers deal with trauma
that triggers the emergence of other personalities.99 They need someone can
understand them and listen to their problems and find the way to solve the
problems.

Picture 31100

Picture 32101
Dr. Fletcher : You know, of all my other
clients with your disorder102

99
Isa Mars, “5 Keys to Overcoming Speech and Language Disorder”,
https://www.speechlanguagefeeding.com/5-keys-overcoming-language-disorder/, accessed on 01
November 2019
100
Duration: 00:14:23, 799 --> 00:14:26, 371
101
Duration: 00:15:35, 287 --> 00:15:39, 833
 41

From the quotation above Dr. Fletcher and Kevin, but when going to
Dr. Fletcher Barry’s personality takes over Kevin’s body. Dr. Fletcher knows
that it is Barry and not Kevin. She also advised Barry that Kevin must be
himself and not be someone else for the good of his life.

Picture 33103

Picture 34104
Dr. Fletcher : who are you?
From the quotation above Kevin comes back to Dr. Fletcher. He
explained that at this time it was difficult to control himself, then Dr. Fletcher
explained that Dennis and Ms. Patricia always took Kevin’s body. Dr. Fletcher
also advised Kevin too often join other people and not be too often alone, and
forget all the past memories that befall him.

102
Duration: 00:15:35, 287 --> 00:15:39, 833
103
Duration: 00:36:51, 438 --> 00:36:53, 861
104
Duration: 00:36:51, 438 --> 00:36:53, 861
 42

Picture 35105
Dr. Fletcher : to use Kevin's full name and bring him
forward106

From the quotation above Kevin met Dr. Fletcher, but when he met Dr.
Fletcher, a Dennis figure who took over Kevin’s body. Dr. Fletcher always
knows who is present in Kevin’s body, all the personalities in Kevin’s body are
known to her. Dennis was asked not to take over Kevin’s body often because it
had a bad impact. Dr. Fletcher also told Dennis that she could at that time also
return the Kevin by calling his full name.

Picture 36107

105
Duration: 00:55:44,141 --> 00:55:47,142
106
Duration: 00:55:44,141 --> 00:55:47,142
107
Duration: 01:11:59, 948 --> 01:12:03, 413
 43

Picture 37108
Dr. Fletcher : I know you want to tell me something109

From the quotation above Kevin calls Dr. Fletcher to the place where
Dennis kidnaps the three girls. Kevin felt anxious, scared because of what he
had other personalities. Kevin also explained that he felt a lot of time lost.

2. Getting Much Speech

Getting Much Speech is the way to solve people who had problem in
DID, they could not speak well so they need to make much speech to practice
their speaking. It could with friends and also with family. To make the most
progress in the least amount of time needs to get as much speech/language
therapy as they can tolerate and no less than twice a week.

Picture 38110

108
Duration: 01:12:05, 241 --> 01:12:08, 007
109
Duration: 01:12:05, 241 --> 01:12:08, 007
110
Duration: 01:20:36, 511 --> 01:20:38, 127
 44

Florist : here you go sir111

Picture 39112

From the quotation above Kevin always buys flowers on weekends,

Kevin also always talks to anyone and anywhere because he does not want to
experience a split in him. This was also explained by Dr. Fletcher said that he
had to talk to anyone a lot and not too often alone.

Based on the explanations above it can be concluded that there are two
ways when Kevin wanted to solve DID in Split’s Film by Night Shyamalan,
they are getting speech and psychotherapy, where met the doctor if he always
feels his past and the doctor asked him to forget his past and getting much
speech, where he tried to tell about his thinking but in DID’s case experienced
by Kevin it was not resolved because some of Kevin’s personalities like Dennis
were very strong and Kevin himself was too weak and homogeneous.

111
Duration: 01:20:36, 511 --> 01:20:38, 127
112
Duration: 01:20:36, 511 --> 01:20:38, 127
 45

CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

5.1 Conclusions
Based on the finding and analysis in the chapter four, the writer draws the
following conclusion

1. There are four kinds of DID portrayed by Kevin in Split’s Film by Night
Shyamalan, thy are the main personality, the dominant personality, the
dissociative identity and the dissociative identity which there is connection
between the personality.
2. There are two causes of DID portrayed by Kevin in Split’s Film by Night
Shyamalan they are the perpetrator has experienced severe distress where
he remembered about the past and he was still afraid and the
encouragement of willingness to stand alone in the offender where it caused
his past and he could not forget it that was why he want to be independent.
3. There are two ways when Kevin wanted to solve DID in Split’s Film by
Night Shyamalan, they are getting speech and language therapy, where met
the doctor if he always feels his past and the doctor asked him to forget his
past and getting much speech, where he tried to tell about his thinking.
5.2 Suggestions
At the end of this thesis, the writer would like to give some suggestions:

1. The writer hopes that the other researcher can continue the research about
Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) Seen in Film SPLIT by Night
Shyamalan, because there are many other cases which is good to be
discussed and analyzed. Since this study only discusses about the
Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID), the writer suggests the next
researchers to conduct further research to focus on all needs based on
Theory of Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID). Do not be afraid to do a
literary research because analyzing a literary work is not hard and as long
as we study hard in linguistic and literature, there is only the different
 46

perception about linguistic and literature relate to many others field of

science.

2. In this research Kevin is a very severe man with Dissociative Identity

Disorder (DID). He has twenty-four separate personalities in him that
sometimes take over his mind. Kevin always goes to consult with Dr.
Fletcher, a psychologist who handles the disease. When Kevin was three
years old, his father left and never returned. This is what makes Kevin from
childhood live with his mother who is rude and always punishes him if
Kevin does something irregularly. From here, Kevin begins to form many
personalities to survive the violence of his mother.
 47

REFERENCES

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Fromkin, Victoria. 2011. et al. An Introduction to Language. Los Angeles:
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Nazir, Moh. 2011. Motode Penelitian, Bogor: Penerbit Ghalia Indonesia.
Nevid, J. S. Rathus, S.A. et al. 2005. Psikologi Abnormal, Fifth Edition.
Penerjemah (Tim Fakultas Psikologi UI: Murad, J.dkk). Jakarta: Penerbit
Erlangga.
Ratna, Nyoman Kutha. 2011. Teori, Metode dan Teknik Penelitian Sastra. Cet. Ke-
III edisi revisi, Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.
Sharan, B. Merriam. 2011. Rualitative Research and Case Study Applications in
Education, New York City1998.
Sugiyono. 2009. Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif Kualitatif dan R & D, Bandung:
Alfabeta.
Tim Penyusun. 2018. Pedoman Penulisan Skripsi, Jambi: Fakultas Adab-Sastra da
Kebudayaan Islam.

JOURNAL

Ashraf, Aisha. Krishnan, Radhika. Wudneh, Eden. Acharya, Ajita. and Tohid,
Hassaan. 2016. Journal of Cell Science & Therapy, Dissociative Identity
Disorder: A Pathophysiological Phenomenon.
Carol, W. 2007. “abnormal psychology”, volume 2, edition 11.
Fizrokul. 2015. The Expressive Language Disorder of the Cerebral Palsy in the
Skallagrigg Movie, Skripsi: English Letters and Language Department,
Faculty of Humanities, the State Islamic University of Maulana Malik
Ibrahim Malang.
George, Yule. 1988. The Study of Language, New York: Cambridge University
Press.
Gillig, M. Paulette. 2009. Psychotherapy Rounds, Dissociative Identity Disorder a
Conversial Diagnosis.
Hartuti, Sri. 2013. A Psycholinguistic Study On Communication Impairment Found
in The Character “Whitney” In Maverick Novel, Skripsi: Universitas
Negeri Malang.
Heelen, Van Agt. 2011. Language Disorder in Children, Belanda: University
Roterdam.
Hellen, M. Farrel. 2011. Dissociative Identity Disorder, Journal of the America
Academy of Psychiatry and the Law.
 48

Lathifah, Faiqotul. 2008. The Multiple Personality in Daniel Keyes’ The Minds of
Billy Milligan, Thesis, English and Language Department Faculty of
Humanities and Culture The State Islamic University of Malang.
Nafiah. 2008. Expressive Language Disorder of the Autistic child in Mercury
Rising Movie, Skripsi: Universitas Negeri Malang.
Nastiti, Dian Ndari. 2010. A Study of Sybil’s Dissociative Identity Disorder in
Flora Rheta Schreiber’s Sybil, The True Story of Woman Possessed by
Sixteen Personalities, Thesis, English Language Education Study Program
Departmen of Language and Arts Education Faculty of Teachers Training
and Education Sanata Dharma University Yogyakarta.
Naushin, Nazifa Islam. 2011. A Study of the Pragmatic Language Impairments of
Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), BRAC
University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Powell, Anna. 2007. Deleuze, Altered States and Film, Edinburgh University Press
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Sumitro, A. N. 2011. A Psycholinguistic Study On Comprehension Disorder Of
The Schizophrenic Main Character In A Beautiful Mind Movie, Skripsi:
Universitas Brawijaya.
Susanti, Evi. 2006. Language Disorder And Its Treatments On Autistic Children
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WEBSITE
https://www.imdb.com/title/tt4972582/awards
https://dosenpsikologi.com/macam-macam-gangguan-jiwa
APPENDIX I: Synopsys
SPLIT
By M. Night Shyamalan
Split is a 2016 American psychological horror-thriller film written and
directed by M. Night Shyamalan. The film is a supervillain origin story set in the
Unbreakable universe and is the second installment in the trilogy. The film stars
James McAvoy, Anya Taylor-Joy and Betty Buckley, and follows Kevin Wendell
Crumb, a man with 23 different personalities who kidnaps and imprisons three
teenage girls in an isolated underground facility.
Split film tells of when three teenage girls in a car were waiting for their
father, a mysterious man kidnapped and took them into a bunker. The kidnapper
named Kevin (James McAvoy) is a man with a mental disorder that makes him
have 23 different personalities, including a woman and a 9-year old child named
Hedwig. As one of the kidnapped girls, Casey tried to escape by convincing one of
Kevin’s personalities to release them. However, this is not easy, especially after
Hedwig warned them of ‘The Beast’ which was Kevin’s most dangerous
personality that had never appeared. This is where Kevin’s last personality, The
Beast, immediately appears.
 50

APPENDIX II: Data Each Category

A. The Kinds of DID Portrayed by Kevin in Split’s Film by Night Shyamalan

No Picture Duration

Duration: 01:34:22, 472 -->

01:34:24, 619

The Main Personality, the main personality in DID’s

film disease is Kevin.

Duration: 00:22:41, 274 -->

00:22:44, 858

The Dominant Personality, the dominant one that

often appears in DID Kevin is Dennis.
 51

Duration: 00:03:45, 029 -->

00:03:47, 522

Dennis tried to kidnap three women who were in a

car in a restaurant parking.

Duration: 00:24:45, 708 -->

00:24:49, 048

The dissociative identity, two personalities is not

aware of each other.
 52

Duration: 01:06:09, 117 -->

01:06:11, 895

The Dissociative Identity Which There is

Connection Between the Personality.

Duration: 00:08:47, 677 -->

00:08:50, 054

Dennis asked one of the women to dance in front of

him.
 53

Duration: 01:18:29, 767 -->

01:18:31, 734

Dr. Fletcher suspects Dennis responsible for the

kidnappings.

Duration: 00:14:34, 562 -->

00:14:40, 134

Barry is an adult figure who has a fashion design

hobby.

Duration: 00:20:28, 342 -->

00:20:32, 710

9
 54

Patricia is a “woman” who is bossy perfectionist and

more or less the same as Dennis.

Duration: 01:23:03, 072 -->

01:23:06, 758

10

Orwell is a very intelligent but mysterious man.

Duration: 01:42:49, 443 -->

01:42:51, 859

11

The Beast has the strength and immunity that

humans do not normally have.
 55

B. The Cause of DID Portrayed by Kevin in Split’s Film

No Picture Duration

Duration: 01:33:50, 988 -->

01:33:54, 122

1
The Perpetrator Has Experienced Severe Distress, a
very bad experience made Kevin stressed and gave
rise to another personality.

Duration: 01:09:40, 360 -->

01:09:42, 072

The Encouragement of Willingness to Stand Alone

in the Offender.

Duration 01:13:07, 217 -->

01:13:09, 884

3
 56

Dennis told Dr. Fletcher about how badly the life of

Kevin was.

Duration: 01:08:22, 349 -->

01:08:24, 583

Kevi
n’s uncle tried to persuade Kevin to do intimate
things while hunting in the forest.

C. Kevin solve DID in Split’s Film by Night Shyamalan

No Picture Duration

Duration: 00:36:51, 438 -->

00:36:53, 861

Getting Speech and Psychotherapy, psychotherapy is

a step taken by Kevin to restore the DID disease he
has experienced.

Duration: 01:20:36, 511 -->

01:20:38, 127

2
 57

Getting Much Speech, getting lots of talking to

everyone can restore DID disease, and that’s what
Kevin did.

Duration: 00:14:23, 799 -->

00:14:26, 371

3
Dr. Fletcher and Kevin, but when going to Dr.
Fletcher Barry’s personality takes over Kevin’s body.

Duration: 00:36:53, 941 -->

00:36:58, 343

Dr. Fletcher also told Dennis that she could at that

time also return the Kevin by calling his full name.

Duration: 01:12:05, 241 -->

01:12:08, 007

Kevin felt anxious, scared because of what he had

other personalities.
58