In order to solve this problem , we follow the steps of Exan1ple 4 on

186 pages.

\.Ye have V is the set of all 2 x 2 matrices of the form [ ] with the
standard matrix addition and scalar multiplication, that it is

k·u = k.. b0 = k b
0 sea1ar (2)
0 . .
[ a.,
i] [ka., i
] mu 1ti p11cat 1on
0
2
\.Yhere is u = [ ] ,v= [ ] where are u, v matrices 2 x 2, and
k is scalar.
\.Ye check that they are satisfied by Axion1 1-10, Definition 1.

Axion1 1 If u and v are obj ects in V, then u +v is in V.

u +v = according to (I)

Since u, v in R then u+v in V , hence u+v in V . V is closed under

addition.