According to Theoren1 4.2.

1, we need to show that V is a subspace if

the following conditions are met
(1) If u and v are vectors in V, then u + v is in \¥ .
(2) If k is a scalar and u is a vector in 1¥, then k u is in
l<V. (a)\.Ye have V = {(a , 0, 0) : a E R}.
Let u = (u1, 0, 0) and v = (vi, 0, 0) be two space vectors in R? and k
is
scalar , then
(l}If u, v E V , then

u + v = (u1, 0, 0) + (vi,0,
0) = (u1 + vi, O + O, O + O)
= (u1 + vi, 0, 0) E \¥

Hence, u + v is in V. The given set is closed under addition.

(2)
ku = k (u1, 0,
0)
= ( k u1, 0, 0)

Thus, the given set is closed under addition and scalar multiplication and
hence is a subspace of R3 .
b)\.Ye have l<V = {(a , 1, 1} : a E V}.
Let u = (u1, l , l} and v = (v1 , l , l} be two space vectors in R? and k
is
scalar , then
(1}If u, v E V, then

u +v = (u1, 1, 1) +(vi, 1, 1)
= (u1 + Vt, 1+ 1, 1 + 1)
= (u1 + vi, 2, 2)

Hence, u + v is not in l<V. The given set is not subspace.