1. Up to two additional marks are available for the construction of your answers.

(2)

(a) Living organisms at every trophic level are part of the carbon cycle. Draw
a labelled diagram of the carbon cycle to show the processes involved.
(9)

(b) Explain, using an example of a food chain, how trophic levels can be
deduced.
(4)

(c) Explain methods that can be used to measure the rate of photosynthesis.
(5)
(Total 20 marks)

2. Up to two additional marks are available for the construction of your answers.
(2)

(a) Escherichia coli is a unicellular organism, so each cell must carry out all of
the processes required for life. Outline the functions of each of the
structures in the cells of Escherichia coli.
(9)

(b) Compare the use of carbohydrates and lipids in energy storage.

(4)

(c) Compare how pyruvate is used in human cells when oxygen is available
and when oxygen is not available.
(5)
(Total 20 marks)

IB Questionbank Biology 1
3. Up to two additional marks are available for the construction of your answers.
(2)

(a) Outline condensation and hydrolysis reactions using a different example

for each.
(5)

(b) Outline the effect of temperature and substrate concentration on the

activity of enzymes.
(4)

(c) Explain methods by which the rate of photosynthesis can be measured,

including conditions that affect the rate.
(9)
(Total 20 marks)

4. Explain the link reaction that occurs between glycolysis and the Krebs cycle.

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IB Questionbank Biology 2
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(Total 4 marks)

IB Questionbank Biology 3
5. Up to two additional marks are available for the construction of your answers.
(2)

(a) Membrane proteins vary in their positions within the membrane and in
their functions.
Outline the positions and functions of proteins in membranes.
(8)

(b) Explain how polar and non-polar amino acids help channel proteins and
enzymes carry out their functions.
(5)

(c) Compare competitive and non-competitive inhibition of enzymes.

(5)
(Total 20 marks)

6. Up to two additional marks are available for the construction of your answers.
(2)

(a) All organisms in an ecosystem are involved in the carbon cycle. Outline
the roles of living organisms in the carbon cycle.
(8)

(b) Explain how triose phosphate is produced and used in the chloroplasts of
a plant.
(5)

(c) Explain the conditions that are needed to allow a seed to germinate.
(5)
(Total 20 marks)

IB Questionbank Biology 4
7. Up to two additional marks are available for the construction of your answers.
(2)

(a) Explain why DNA must be replicated before mitosis and the role of
helicase in DNA replication.
(4)

(b) Explain how the base sequence of DNA is conserved during replication.
(5)

(c) Describe the events that occur during mitosis.

(9)
(Total 20 marks)

8. Up to two additional marks are available for the construction of your answers.
(2)

(a) Plants are a diverse group of eukaryotic organisms. Describe the different
characteristics of the bryophyta, filicinophyta, coniferophyta and
angiospermophyta.
(9)

(b) Plants store carbohydrate in the form of starch. Explain the reasons for
starch being digested by the human digestive system.
(4)

(c) Compare the structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

(5)
(Total 20 marks)

9. Up to two additional marks are available for the construction of your answers.
(2)

(a) Outline the role of hydrolysis in the relationships between

monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides.
(4)

(b) Describe the use of biotechnology in the production of lactose-free milk.

(6)

(c) Explain the importance of enzymes to human digestion.

(8)
(Total 20 marks)

IB Questionbank Biology 5
IB Questionbank Biology 6
10. Up to two additional marks are available for the construction of your answers.
(2)

(a) Eukaryotic cells have intracellular and extracellular components. State the
functions of one named extracellular component.
(4)

(b) Outline, with an example, the process of exocytosis.

(5)

(c) Translation occurs in living cells. Explain how translation is carried out,
from the initiation stage onwards.
(9)
(Total 20 marks)

11. Up to two additional marks are available for the construction of your answers.
(2)

(a) Most of the DNA of a human cell is contained in the nucleus. Distinguish
between unique and highly repetitive sequences in nuclear DNA.
(5)

(b) Draw a labelled diagram to show four DNA nucleotides, each with a
different base, linked together in two strands.
(5)

(c) Explain the methods and aims of DNA profiling.

(8)
(Total 20 marks)

12. Up to two additional marks are available for the construction of your answers.
(2)

(a) Outline the structure of a ribosome.

(4)

IB Questionbank Biology 7
 (b) Distinguish between fibrous and globular proteins with reference to one
example of each protein type.
(6)

(c) Explain the role of auxin in phototropism.

(8)
(Total 20 marks)

13. Up to two additional marks are available for the construction of your answers.
(2)

(a) Outline the process of glycolysis.

(5)

(b) Describe how pancreatic cells directly affect blood glucose levels.
(5)

(c) Explain why diabetes could be detected through the analysis of urine.
(8)
(Total 20 marks)

14. Up to two additional marks are available for the construction of your answers.
(2)

(a) State four elements that are needed by living organisms, other than
carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, giving one role of each.
(4)

(b) Outline how light energy is used and how organic molecules are made in
photosynthesis.
(6)

(c) Explain the significance of complementary base pairing for replication,

transcription and translation.
(8)
(Total 20 marks)

IB Questionbank Biology 8
15. Up to two additional marks are available for the construction of your answers.
(2)

(a) State four functions of proteins, giving a named example of each.

(4)

(b) Outline the structure of ribosomes.

(6)

(c) Explain the process of transcription leading to the formation of mRNA.

(8)
(Total 20 marks)

16. Up to two additional marks are available for the construction of your answers.
(2)

(a) Draw a labelled diagram of the ultrastructure of Escherichia coli as an

example of a prokaryote.
(4)

(b) Describe the events that occur in the four phases of mitosis in animals.
(6)

(c) Explain the process of aerobic cell respiration after glycolysis has
occurred.
(8)
(Total 20 marks)

IB Questionbank Biology 9
17. Up to two additional marks are available for the construction of your answers.
(2)

(a) Draw a labelled diagram to show how two nucleotides are joined together
in a single strand of DNA.
(3)

(b) Outline a basic technique for gene transfer.

(6)

(c) Explain the process of translation.

(9)
(Total 20 marks)

18. (a) Draw a labelled diagram of the structure of a chloroplast as seen with an
electron microscope.
(4)

(b) Describe how water is carried by the transpiration stream.

(7)

(c) Explain how flowering is controlled in long-day and short-day plants.

(7)
(Total 18 marks)

19. Up to two additional marks are available for the construction of your answers.
(2)

(a) Distinguish between RNA and DNA.

(3)

(b) Explain the process of DNA replication.

(8)

(c) Outline how enzymes catalyse reactions.

(7)
(Total 20 marks)

IB Questionbank Biology 10
20. Up to two additional marks are available for the construction of your answers.
(2)

(a) Draw a labelled diagram showing the tissues present in a dicotyledonous

leaf.
(4)

(b) Outline the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis.

(6)

(c) Explain the effect of light intensity and temperature on the rate of
photosynthesis.
(8)
(Total 20 marks)

21. Up to two additional marks are available for the construction of your answers.
(2)

(a) Draw a labelled diagram showing the ultra-structure of a liver cell.

(4)

(b) Distinguish between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells.

(6)

(c) Explain prokaryotic DNA replication.

(8)
(Total 20 marks)

22. Up to two additional marks are available for the construction of your answers.
(2)

(a) Draw a labelled diagram to show the fluid mosaic structure of a plasma
membrane, indicating the hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions.
(5)

(b) Distinguish between active and passive movements of materials across

plasma membranes, using named examples.
(4)

(c) Explain how the properties of water are significant to living organisms.
(9)
(Total 20 marks)

IB Questionbank Biology 11
23. Up to two additional marks are available for the construction of your answers.
(2)

(a) Draw a labelled diagram to show the human ventilation system.

(4)

(b) Outline anaerobic cell respiration in plant cells.

(5)

(c) Explain the concept of homeostasis, using the control of blood sugar as an
example.
(9)
(Total 20 marks)

24. Up to two additional marks are available for the construction of your answers.
(2)

(a) Outline the thermal, cohesive and solvent properties of water.

(5)

(b) Outline adaptations of xerophytes.

(4)

(c) Explain the role of the kidney in maintaining water balance in humans.
(9)
(Total 20 marks)

IB Questionbank Biology 12
25. Up to two additional marks are available for the construction of your answers.
(2)

(a) Draw and label a diagram of the digestive system.

(4)

(b) Discuss factors that affect enzyme activity.

(9)

(c) Outline one industrial use of lactase.

(5)
(Total 20 marks)

26. Up to two additional marks are available for the construction of your answers.
(2)

(a) Draw a labelled diagram showing the structure of a plasma membrane.

(4)

(b) Outline the role of chlorophyll and the effects of temperature, light intensity
and carbon dioxide concentration on the rate of photosynthesis.
(6)

(c) Explain the production of energy during aerobic respiration from pyruvate
that has been produced by glycolysis.
(8)
(Total 20 marks)

27. Up to two additional marks are available for the construction of your answers.
(2)

(a) Draw a labelled diagram showing the structure of the digestive system.
(4)

(b) Outline the need for enzymatic hydrolysis in the digestive process.
(6)

(c) Explain how the kidney prevents the body from losing important materials
absorbed from the digestive system.
(8)
(Total 20 marks)

IB Questionbank Biology 13