Art Appreciation Learning Modules

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MODULE 2

Artist and Artisan

Learning Objectives:

By the end of the lesson, you should be able to:

1. outline the history of the emergence of artists and artisans;
2. identify and define the different individuals and groups who take on varied roles in
thew world of art and culture; and
3. classify the practices of artists and artisan in terms of form, medium, and technique.

Introduction

In the advent of technology, it is remarkable what has now been made

possible. With a click of a button, an array of overwhelming information is made
available, informing every aspect of human life. In the fast-paced and highly complex
twenty-first century, there is real and nagging fear that soon, everything may very
well be replaced by computers and robots that can arguably do things with more
precision, at a shorter amount of time and less capital in the long term. The nihilist
notion is contested by what are arguably the most resilient qualities of man,
which is his creativity and imagination. And as
long as there is a cultivation of both of these
qualities, no robot or artificial intelligence can
replace man just yet.

Van Gogh's Self-Portrait

Vincent van Gogh (1853-1890), Dutch painter who

exemplified the idea of artist as tortured genius. His
paintings are characterized by thick brush strokes,
brilliant colors, and jagged lines, through which Van
Gogh expressed his emotional response to his
subjects rather than providing an accurate
description of them. As a result he became a leader
in the development of expressionism in painting.
Microsoft ® Encarta ® 2009.

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This lesson will introduce the artists who have dedicated their lives to the
cultivation of the arts through the works of great creativity, imagination, and daring
throughout history. It aims to expand his into the wider world of the arts and culture,
wherein other key players and movers are testament to how the production,
consumption, and distribution of arts have changed profoundly.

Your Initial Task. Check this Out!

Check the appropriate column to tell whether the work/form of art is that of an artist
or artisan.

Work or Form Artist Artisan

Poem
Furniture
Building
Dance
Painting
Clothes
Shoes
Sculpture
Farming Tools
Wall decors

Task 2. Tell Me Who I am!

From the checklist in your initial task, tell the difference between the artist and artisan.

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Your Text. Let’s Get Down to Business!

Read the following text carefully.

Artist and Artisan

An artist is generally defined as an art practitioner such as a painter, sculptor,
choreographer, dancer, writer, poet, musicians, etc. who produces or creates indirectly-
functional Arts with aesthetic value using imagination. Thus, they provide us paintings,
sculptures, dances, music, literary pieces, etc. as the means of provoking our thoughts,
ideas, and emotions that are necessary to discover ourselves and our being.

Pablo Picasso

Spanish artist Pablo Picasso experimented with a

variety of styles and techniques and greatly influenced
the course of modern art. He pioneered the movement
known as cubism and invented the artistic technique of
collage. Picasso is widely acknowledged as the
greatest artist of the 20th century.
Microsoft ® Encarta ® 2009.

On the other hand, an artisan is a craftsman such as carpenter, carver,

plumber, blacksmith, weaver, embroiderer, etc. who produces directly functional
and/or decorative arts. They help us in meeting our basic
needs such as food, clothing, dwelling, furniture,
kitchen utensils, and everything that makes our
life easy are crafted by artisans.

Japanese Embroidery

This example of Japanese embroidery is from the second

half of the 19th century. The satin fabric is embroidered with
colored silk and silver gilt thread in a classical design. The
stitches used are long and short, satin and stem, with knots
and couched and raised work. The piece is part of the
collection of the Victoria and Albert Museum, London.
Microsoft ® Encarta ® 2009.

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1.1 Artist

A formal Art study would be an advantage but it is not a requirement to

practice art. Acquiring or learning skills in Art is not just taught and learned in a
formal art school but also acquired informally. You may learn to play the guitar not
from a formal workshop but from the neighborhood. Yet, an artist may learn not
entirely from a schooled perspective but can be developed later in life through
curiosity, hobby, or experiences.

Most artists feel free in making their art. they have the real drive to develop a
particular artwork, most often, regardless of potential market and of how people
would respond to its message-they may love, like, embrace or the other way around.
Burton supported this claim when he said that “an artist will do whatever it takes to
make the work right”. “The result may not be pretty; it may even be painful, but it will
be honest” (2011). He added that indeed, real Art moves people. Hence, Stillmunks
said that “the real artist touches the heart and soul of the viewer… an artist takes
something out of his or her heart and soul and places it on that page, canvas, song, or
whatever” (Burton:2011).

1.2 Artisan

People have different perceptions on the importance of artists and artisans in

our society. They are the same in the sense that they both develop works of Art;
hence, they are also different since they address different needs of human beings.

Like the artists, artisans’ works are also noticed and valued-only in different
ways and levels. The relevance and usefulness of the artisans’ works make them
essential in our everyday living. A great part of our survival greatly depends on the
works that the artisans produce. The utilitarian function of artisans’ works gives us
comfort, convenience, ease and happiness in living everyday lives. From our basic
needs to our wants, artisans are there to facilitate easy living.

Artists and Artisans are the pillars of our society. We need artists as much as
we need artisans. They both serve people for a long time by providing us directly
functional Arts.

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Being an artist and an artisan, both require skills and technical competence. It
is not important to distinguish which of them we need the most because they serve
society in different ways. The sharing and preservation of culture’s dynamism greatly
depend on them.

Task 3. State Your Point!

Answer the following questions:

st
1. What do you think is the role of the artist and artisan in the 21 century society?

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2. In what ways artists serve society? How about artisans?

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Task 4. Ponder on This!

Take a closer look at the painting of Michelangelo, Painting in the Ceiling of

Sistine Chapel in 1508-1512. Reflect on the meaningful statement, “This iconic
artwork was made by the artist and the artisans, but only the artist took the credit.”
Discuss your thoughts in 5 to 8 sentences, following the (IBC) format. See Rubric 5 in
the appendices for scoring. (10 points.)

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Ceiling of the Sistine Chapel

The painted ceiling of the Sistine Chapel in the Vatican City is one of the world's best-known works of
art. From 1508 to 1512 the Italian Renaissance painter and sculptor Michelangelo covered the ceiling
with The Creation of Adam, an elaborate work featuring eight scenes from the Bible's Old Testament.
Microsoft ® Encarta ® 2009.

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Your Final Task. Create Me Like A Pro!

Your Final Task. Let's Have a Twist

Art Activity No. 4
Title: “Divergent Thinking”
Aim: To create an artwork through art improvisation
Materials: 1. Paper Clip

Instructions:

1. Engage yourself in a deep silence and imagine how the paper clip can be
utilized in ways other than its basic purposes, which is to clip and bind paper.
(Use Art Portfolio Template in the Appendices)
2. Come up with an artwork for this activity, and include them in your portfolio.
See Rubric in the Appendices for scoring.

photo source: wikepedia.org

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Elements and Principles of Art

Learning Objectives:
By the end of the lesson, you should be able to:
1. enumerate the different elements of visual and auditory art;
2. provide examples of the interrelatedness of some of the elements and principles of
art;
3. explain the relevance of the elements and principles of art; and
4. illustrate examples of hybrid art and dissect what art forms are combined therein.

Introduction

In the lesson on Subject and Content, it was mentioned that arts have a
specialized language. And to be able to understand this language, the familiarity of
some of the elements and principles that make it legible is required. Think of it as the
letters – the stringing of letters to formulate words, and perhaps even the different
pronunciation that assist comprehension.

The next lesson endeavors to take art and break it into its smaller parts. Like a
scientist who takes a splice or a sample and places it under a microscope, this lesson
will allow for a better view, not of the final picture; rather the parts that complete it.

Your Initial Task. Find Out What’s in Me!

Identify the different lines, shapes and colors found in the pictures. List down your
answers on the space provided below.

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Task 2. Get to Know Me More!

In your initial task, you were able to list down some of the elements of art/design. Now,

take a look at the painting, and find out more of its elements and principles. Write
your answers on the space provided below.

What do you see in

the painting of
Amorsolo? What are
the lines, shapes,
color, etc., found in
his artwork?

Winnowing Rice, Fernando Amorsolo

photo source: artnet.com

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Your Text. Let’s Get Down to Business!

Read the following text carefully.

Elements of Art: Visual

Taking off from the scientific reference, elements of art are akin to the atoms that
are defined as the units or “building blocks” of matter. Together, in a variety of
combinations and formations, they have the ability to create molecules such as water, or
the more complex sucrose. These formulations are always the same with elements of art
when they are enjoined together, in a variety of ways. In the same line of reasoning the
elements of art are the aspects of an artwork that can be isolated from each other.

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To enumerate, the elements of art and design are the following: line, shape and
form, space, color, and texture.

1. Line – refers to a point moving at an identifiable path – it has length and direction.
It also has width. It is one-dimensional; however, it has the capacity to either define the
perimeters of the artwork (edges) and/or become a substantial component of the composition.

Vertical line- basic framework of all forms, power & delimination, strength, stability,
simplicity, and efficiency.

Horizontal line- creates an impression of serenity and perfect stability. Rest,

calmness, peace, and reposed.

Diagonal line- it shows movement and instability. Portrays movement action.

Zigzag line- it shows violence, confusion, and conflict.

Curve line- it shows a gradual change of direction and fluidity. It signifies subtle form.

2 – 3. Shape and Form – These two are related to each other in the sense that they
define the space occupied by the object of art. Shape refers to two dimensions: height
and width, while form refers to three dimensions: height, width, and depth. Two
categories can be used as a broad distinction:

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a. Geometric – these shapes find origin in

mathematical propositions. As such, its
translation and use are often man-made. These
includes shapes such as squares, triangles,
cubes, circles, spheres, and cones, among
others.

Mondrian, Composition with Red,

Yellow and Blue, 1924

photo source: wikipedia.org

b. Organic – organic shapes are those readily

occurring in nature, often irregular and
asymmetrical. The design of the vase in Figure
is foliage, a sample from a series that made
use of morning glories.

4. Space – related to form and shape is space. It is usually inferred from a sense of
depth, whether real or stimulated. Real space is three-dimensional. Like what has been
previously mentioned, sculptures are a perfect example of artwork that bear this element.

Two Kinds of Space

a. Positive and negative space – usually

identified with the white space is negative space. The
positive space, on the other hand, is the space where NEGATIVE
SPACE
shadow is heavily used.
POSITIVE
SPACE

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b. Three-dimensional space – can be stimulated

through a variety of techniques such as shading.
An illusion of three-dimensionality can be
achieved in two-dimension work.
WIDTH

5. Color – it is perhaps one of the elements that enhances the appeal of an artwork. Its
effect has
HEIGHT
range, allowing the viewer to make responses based
on memory, emotion, and instinct, among others. This element is a property of light,
as it is reflected off the object. Color is not an object and without light, one cannot
perceive color.

The Color Wheel corresponds to the first property of color, hue.

a. Hue – this dimension of color gives its name. it can be subdivided into:

• Primary colors – red, yellow, and blue

• Secondary colors – green, orange, and violet
• Tertiary colors – six in total, these hues are achieved when primary and
secondary colors are mixed
b. Value – this refers to the brightness or darkness of color. Often, this is used by
artists to create the illusion of depth and solidity, a particular mood, communicate
feeling, or in establishing a scene (e.g., day and night).
• Light colors – taken as the source of light in the composition
• Dark colors – the lack or even absence of light

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However, we can identify the color even when a range is presented to us.
Expectations are also established based on the notion that yellow is within the
light value; whereas, violet is in the dark. Each primary color has a range of
values based on the addition and diminishing quantity and quality of light.

• Tint – this is a lighter color than the normal value (e.g., pink for red)
• Shade – this is a darker color than the normal value (e.g., maroon for red)

c. Intensity – this is the color’s brightness or dullness. It is identified as the strength

of color, whether it is vivid or muted. To achieve a specific intensity of a color, one may add
either gray or its complementary color.

• Bright or warm colors – positive energy

photo source: wikipedia.org

• Dull or cool colors – sedate/soothing, seriousness or calm

To better understand intensity of color, color harmonies are to be considered. In

interior design, we often hear designers refer to Color Schemes—a guide for selecting
not only wall paint but also furniture and décor. However, Color Harmonies are also
integral considerations not only for pictorial arts but also for other art forms.

• Complementary harmonies – involve two colors opposite each other in the

color wheel. Since they are at contrary positions, the reaction is most intense.

The effective use of Red-Green Complimentary

Color Combination is shown in Hernando Ruiz
Ocampo, Passage.

photo source: askart.com

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• Monochromatic harmonies – the se of one color with its tints and shades.

Shades
Tints

photo source: wikipedia.org

• Analogous harmonies – make use of three or four colors beside each other in
the color wheel.

The effective use of Analogous Color

Combination is shown in Hernando Ruiz
Ocampo, A Sonata for September.

photo source: askart.com

6. Texture

Like space, texture can be either real or implied. This element in an artwork is
experienced through the sense of touch (and sight). This element renders the art object
tactile.

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a. Textures in the two-dimensional plane – texture can be implied using one

technique or a combination of other elements of art. by creating this visual quality in the
artwork, one can imagine how the surface will feel if it was to be touched.

photo source: artnet.com

b. Surface texture – refers to the texture of the three-dimensional art object.

Still Life of Flowers

Eighteenth-century Dutch painter Rachel

Ruysch specialized in flower paintings like
this still life. Her lively arrangements of
various flowers in full bloom are often
accented by butterflies and other insects. This
undated painting is at the Johnny Van
Haeften Gallery in London, England.

Microsoft ® Encarta ® 2009.

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Elements of Art: Auditory

Together with literature, music as an art form is classified as auditory art.

However, some would argue that it is under the broad category of performance art.
Either way, music, much like the visual arts, has its own building blocks or elements.

If there is an important quality that music has, it is having the capacity to

transcend barriers, even that of differences in language or conventions in sound.
Different demographics, groups, and individuals may have specific preferences as to
the genre of music. However, in order to establish this preference, listeners often take
to its elements for its evaluation. Some of the common elements of music are the
following: rhythm, dynamics, melody, harmony, timbre, and texture.

Wiener
Philharmonic

Austria is often
referred to as the
Land of Music.
Many of the
world’s most
influential
classical
musicians,
including Mozart,
Beethoven, and
Haydn, perfected
their craft in
Austria.
Microsoft ® Encarta ®
2009.

1. Rhythm

Often associated to the terms beat, meter, and tempo, rhythm is the best
element of music that situates it in time. It is the pulse of the music. Beat is the basic
unit of music while tempo refers to its speed (beats/second). Beats can be organized
into a recognizable current pattern, which is called the meter.

Classical terms are used to refer to the variations in tempo, some of which are:

• Largo – slowly and broadly

• Andante – walking pace
• Moderato – at moderate speed
• Allegro – fast

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• Vivace - lively
• Accelerando – gradually speeding up
• Rallentado – gradually slowing down
• Allargando – getting slower, broadening
• Rubato – literally “robbed time”, rhythm is played freely for expressive effect

2. Dynamics

The element of music that refers to the loudness or quietness of music is

dynamics. Classical terms are used to refer to the different levels pertaining to this:

• Pianissimo [pp] – very quiet

• Piano [p] – quiet
• Mezzo-piano [mp] – moderately quiet
• Mezzo-forte [mf] – moderately loud
• Forte [f] – loud
• Fortissimo [ff] – very loud

When composers indicate an increase, or decrease in loudness, they use the

terms crescendo for the former; and decrescendo or diminuendo for the latter.

3. Melody

Melody refers to the linear presentation (horizontal) of pitch. By horizontal, it

means that in musical notation, it is read in succession from left to right. Pitch is the
highness or lowness of musical sound.

4. Harmony

If melody is horizontal, harmony is vertical. It arises when pitches are combined

to form chords. When several notes are simultaneously played, this refers to a chord.

Harmony can be described in terms of its “harshness”: dissonance is the harsh-

sounding combination while consonance is the smooth-sounding combination.

5. Timbre

Timbre is often likened to the color of music. It is a quality that distinguishes a

voice or an instrument from another. Dependent on the technique, the timbre may give

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a certain tone or characteristics to music, much like how a painter evokes different
effects or impressions onto the canvas.

6. Texture

The number of melodies, the type of layers, and their relatedness in a

composition is the texture of music. It may be:

• Monophonic – single melodic line

• Polyphonic – two or more melodic lines
• Homophonic – main melody accompanied by chords

Akin to artworks whose style, medium, and technique emphasize some of the
elements in visual arts, a composition and genre of music may emphasize the
elements of music previously outlined. Some elements may even be de-emphasized or
omitted altogether. Like what was mentioned, these elements may be isolated from
each other. However, as visual or musical compositions, the combination of these
elements in art is what we initially engage with.

Most often, elements do not only coexist in the artwork, but are fused together
or overlap with each other. in visual arts, most artworks have overlapping elements.

Principles of Art

To reiterate, the appreciation and engagement of art relies substantially on

being equipped with the appropriate language that allows it to be more
comprehensible. If the elements of art were like the letters (i.e., combining these
letters will form words, phrases, and sentences), then the principles of art would
perhaps be the closest to the rules of grammar and composition. Learning these
principles will lessen the intimidation and might even open vast possibilities for the
novice looker to have a more pleasurable experience of art. These principles will
provide explicit ways in which these elements are used, how they are manipulated,
how they interact, and how they inform the overall composition of the artwork to
assist the artist in conveying his attention. It is the principles of art that influence the
effect achieved by the elements, and the linkages of other principles. These principles
are: balance, scale and proportion, emphasis and contrast, unity and variety, harmony,
movement, rhythm, and repetition and pattern.

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1. Balance

This principle refers to the distribution of the visual elements in view of their
placement in relation to each other.

There are three forms of balance:

a. Symmetrical – the elements used on one side are reflected to the other. This offers
the most stable visual sense to any artwork.

The effective use of

Symetrical Balance
is shown in Midnight
Meeting by BenCab.

photo source: yuchengcomuseum.org

b. Asymmetrical – the elements are not the same (or of the same weight) on each
side, putting the heaviness on one side.

The effective use of

Symetrical Balance
is shown in Sabel by
BenCab.

photo source: yuchengcomuseum.org

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c. Radial – there is a central point in the

composition, around which elements and objects
are distributed.

Mandala Art is an
example of radial design.

photo source: wikipedia.org

2. Scale and Proportion

Scale pertains to the size in relation to what is normal for the figure or object
in question.

Sculptures of exaggerate scale are common all over the world as many artists
are taken by the whimsical quality of these objects. One cannot help but smile upon
seeing them in public spaces. In the Philippines, Arturo Luz has created enormous
sculptural versions of the paper clip. For a long time, it occupied a prominent spot at
the entrance of the Ayala Museum as shown below.

Photo Source: phoenixperience.blogspot.com

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Proportion, on the other hand, is the size of the components, or of objects in

relation to one another when taken as a composition or a unit. This can also refer to
values such as amounts or number of elements or objects in the composition.

One of the most common cannons asserted relates to the proportion of the body.
This varies from one culture or tradition to another. For the Egyptian artists, the human
form follows a square grid and is informed by the palm of the hand as a unit of measure.
To complete a standing human figure, 18 units (squares) are needed from head to foot. On
the other hand, Greeks held that numerical relationships—the golden ratio—was the key
to beauty or to perfection. In the golden ratio, the figure is divided into two unequal
segments wherein the smaller is the same ratio to the largest segment, and that

the longer segment is the same ratio in relation to the whole. In figures, it can be
valued at 1:1.618.

photo source: wikipedia.org

Leonardo da Vinci, “Vitruvian Man” (1940). Pen and ink with wash over metalpoint on paper.
Gallerie dell’ Academia in Venice, Italy

Leonardo da Vinci’s “Vitruvian Man” is an exploration on the ideas of the

Roman architect Vitruvius, in which the human body is an example of a classical
proportion in architecture. For da Vinci, man’s body can be used to better understand
the symmetry that exists in nature and the universe.

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The Golden Ratio

in Mona Lisa by
Leonardo da Vinci

photo source: 99designs.com

Proportion can be:

a. Natural – relates to the realistic size of the visual elements in the artwork,
especially for figurative artworks. When it is the accuracy in relation to the real world that the
artist is after, this is now referred to as the principle of scale.

photo source: wikipedia.org

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b. Exaggerated – refers to the unusual size relations of visual elements, deliberately

exaggerating the immensity or minuteness of an object.

In relation to this, there are notions in scale that differentiate when an element
is smaller than expected (diminutive), and when something appears to be larger than
what is presumed (monumental).

Jeff Koons’ exaggerated steel balloon dog on the roof top of the Metropolitan Museum of Art.

(photo source: thirteen.org)

c.Idealized – most common to those that follow canons of perfection, the size-
relations of elements or objects, which achieve the most ideal size-relations.

Idealized propotion
is a must in portrait.

photo source: easydrawingtips.com

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3-4. Emphasis and Contrast

Emphasis allows the attention of the viewer to a focal point(s), accentuating

or drawing attention to these elements or objects. This can be done through the
manipulation of the elements or through the assistance of other principles, especially
that of contrast.

Rule of Thirds

In a camera grid,
the flower subject
was placed in the
focal point where
the line intersect.

photo
source:ashleyjasmer.wordpress.com

Contrast is the disparity between the elements that figure into the
composition. One object may be made stronger compared to other objects (hence,
emphasis). This can be done in many ways using the elements of art. For instance,
space, specifically the use of negative and positive space, is an example of contrast.
Another example is the use of lines and complementary colors in a work of art.

Contrasting lines
and colors are
imminent in Ang
Kiukok’s Fishermen.

photo source:salcedoactions.com

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5-6. Unity and Variety

Unless intended to be otherwise, compositions are intended to imbue a sense

of accord or completeness from the artwork. This is unity.

Sunday Afternoon
on the Island of La
Grande Jatte
(1884-1886, Chicago
Art Institute, Chicago)
by French artist
Georges Seurat is an
excellent example of
the technique known as
pointillism—a method
in which tiny dots of
color are placed close
together to create a
richness and vibrancy
not found in traditional
painting techniques.
Microsoft ® Encarta ® 2009.

Variety, on the other hand, is the principle that aims to retain the interest by
allowing patches or areas that both excite and allow the eye to rest.

7. Harmony

Like what is hinted above, the unity and variety is related to the principle of
harmony, in which the elements or objects achieve a sense of flow and
interconnectedness.

Bayanihan,
Carlos “Botong”
Francisco

photo source:
artdelaspilipinas.com

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8. Movement

This refers to the direction of the viewing eye as it goes through the artwork,
often guided by areas or elements that are emphasized. These focal points can be
lines, edges, shape, and color within the work of art, among others.

Movement is shown in BenCab’s Dance Interpretation, acrylic on canvas, 2007, at the

Yuchengco Museum.
photo source:r3.rapplers.com

9. Rhythm

This is created when an element is repeated, creating implied movement.

Variety of repetition helps invigorate rhythm as depicted in the artwork.

10-11. Repetition and Pattern

Lines, shapes, colors, and other elements may

appear in an artwork in a recurring manner. This is
called repetition. In addition, the image created out of
repetition is called pattern. With repetition, there is a
sense of predictability that is conveyed, which in turn
imbues the feelings of security and calmne

Kente Cloth
To make kente cloth, the Akan people of western Africa
sew long strips of colored fabric together in traditional
patterns. Various colors and patterns in the cloth carry
symbolic meanings. In the 16th century only members
of Akan royalty were allowed to wear kente cloth but
today it is popular among all classes.
Microsoft ® Encarta ® 2009.

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Yayoi Kusama’s Dots Obsession

is a great example of repetition
and pattern in art.

photo source:artsy.net

Combined or Hybrid Art

Looking at the elements and principles of art previously discussed, it is

apparent that art may be defined under strict lines that separate one art form or style to
another. In a broad sense, it is easy to decipher visual arts from auditory arts. In the
same vein, when looking at more specific art forms, there is a considerable ease when
one is confronted with the challenge of differentiating a painting from a sculpture, a
print from a drawing, or a soundtrack from a poem. However, with the complexity of
contemporary times in which experimentation and innovation are encouraged, the arts
are not exempted from the increasing overlaps, merger, and fusion of different aspects
of art production and their resultant consumption.

In contemporary art, these developments were mirrored in the multifaceted

nature of artworks that were created. It is not surprising that themes, subjects, and the
problematique addressed shaped and produced new kinds of articulation in which two
or more art forms and styles are combined. Some examples of combined arts include
dance, theater, installation art, film, video art, documentary, photography, puppetry,
design, and other forms of production.

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Ai Wei Wei’s
Bang Installation
at Venice Art in
2013.

photo source:designboom.com

These combined art forms are interesting specimens that can be studied to
understand what art forms and styles have been combined, and furthermore, what
skills, techniques, or creative processes can be put together to produce interesting and
innovative compositions. In combined arts, improvisation is often tapped in addition
to practical and logical considerations of creating an artwork.

Another movement that is reminiscent of the motivations of the Renaissance,

and whose emergence is hinged on the frontiers of science and technology, is called
hybrid arts. Referencing and tapping into the fields of robotics, artificial intelligence,
biotechnology, natural and computer sciences, telecommunications, information,
digital and interface technologies (software programs, speech and face recognition,
social media and online platforms, among many other emergent developments), artists
whose works tread under this movement disrupt the norms in terms of what is
considered as art, and even the way people envisage artistic production.

Rickard’s Corn Blue Room

Tuscarora artist Jolene Rickard contrasts old and

new technologies in her installation Corn Blue
Room, first exhibited at the Canadian Museum of
Civilization in 1998. Ears of corn bathed in blue
light hang at the center of the installation,
surrounded by photographs and CD-ROM
images.

Microsoft ® Encarta ® 2009.

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Task 3. Share Your Thoughts on This!

Answer the following questions, and discuss your them in 5 t0 8 sentences. See
Rubric in the appendices. 10 points each.

st
1. What is the relevance of combined arts and hybrid art in the 21 century?

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2. In two-dimension artworks such as paintings, cite the elements and the principles of
art that when utilized in the composition of the artwork, will help simulate or suggest the
three-dimensional space.

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Task 4. Draw Me Close to You!

Examine the painting of the iconic artist, Vincent Van Gogh, “Starry Night”, and
discuss the composition of his famous master piece by focusing on the most dominant
elements and principles used in his artwork. Write your analysis in 5 to 8 sentences.
See Rubric in the appendices for scoring. (20 pts.)

The Starry Night

The Starry Night (1889), one of Dutch painter Vincent van Gogh's best-known paintings.

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Your Final Task. Don’t Leave Me Empty!

Art Activity No. 5

Title: “Horror Vacui”, or afraid of empty spaces especially an aversion to

empty spaces in artistic designs

Aim: To create an artwork that allows you to make use of the elements and
principles of art to form an artistic imagery.

Materials: 1. Coloring materials (crayons, water color, coloring pen, poster paint,
etc.)

2. oslo paper/short bondpaper (use the template provided for art

activities)
Instruction:

1. Make an artwork that shows the Filipino concept of space and beauty (horror vacui) by
painting the white oslo paper with many different colorful representational or normal designs
until the paper is completely covered with colors. See sample artwork below.

Horror Vacui , Oil on Canvas Painting, by Alfonso Ossorio

photo source: wikipedia.org

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