Construction Planning

SUKI KINARI HYDROPOWER PROJECT
FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT
CHAPTER 8
CONSTRUCTION PLANNING
FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT CHAPTER 8 Construction Planning
Table of Contents
CHAPTER 8 CONSTRUCTION PLANNING ......................................................... 1
8.1 CONSTRUCTION CONDITIONS ........................................................................... 1

8.1.1 Project Conditions ................................................................................... 1
8.1.2 Natural Conditions .................................................................................. 3
8.2 NATURAL BUILDING MATERIALS ...................................................................... 7
8.2.1 Borrow Pits .............................................................................................. 8
8.2.2 Quarries ................................................................................................... 8
8.2.3 Sand Gravel Stockyards ....................................................................... 10
8.2.4 Utilization of Excavated Materials ....................................................... 11
8.3 CONSTRUCTION DIVERSION, RIVER CLOSURE ............................................... 11
8.3.1 Standard of Diversion ........................................................................... 11
8.3.2 Selection of Diversion Method ............................................................. 12
8.3.3 Procedure of Diversion ......................................................................... 12
8.3.4 Diversion Hydraulic Calculation ........................................................... 12
8.3.5 Design of Diversion Structure .............................................................. 15
8.3.6 Temporary Flood Prevention during Construction of Dam ................ 17
8.3.7 Closure Design ...................................................................................... 18
8.3.8 Drainage of Foundation Pit .................................................................. 18
8.3.9 Plugging of Diversion Structure ........................................................... 19
8.3.10 Construction of Diversion Works ....................................................... 19
8.3.11 Quantity of Diversion Structure .......................................................... 19
8.4 CONSTRUCTION OF MAIN WORKS .................................................................. 20
8.4.1 Barrage and Spillway Works ................................................................ 20
8.4.2 Water Diversion System Works ........................................................... 24
8.4.3 Powerhouse System ............................................................................. 29
8.4.5 Installation of electromechanical equipment ...................................... 32
8.4.6 Fabrication and installation construction of metal structure .............. 34
8.5 CONSTRUCTION TRANSPORTATION ................................................................ 35
8.5.1 External Transportation ........................................................................ 35
8.5.2 Internal transportation........................................................................... 35
8.6 OVERALL CONSTRUCTION LAYOUT ................................................................ 38
8.6.1 Air, water and power supply and construction communication ......... 38
8.6.2 Gravel Processing and Concrete System .......................................... 43
8.6.3 Site Planning for Production and Living .............................................. 51
8.6.4 Auxiliary Enterprise for Main Construction ......................................... 52
I
8.6.5 Planning for Deposit and Spoil Area ................................................... 54

8.7 GENERAL SCHEDULE FOR CONSTRUCTION .................................................... 56
8.7.1 Construction Period .............................................................................. 56
8.7.2 Construction Schedule ......................................................................... 57
8.7.3 Main Project Schedule ......................................................................... 58
8.7.4 Installation Project of Metal Structure and Mechanical and Electrical
Equipment ....................................................................................................... 60
8.7.5 Closeout ................................................................................................. 61
8.7.6 Critical Path ........................................................................................... 61
8.7.7 Intensity and Number of Staff at Construction Peak .......................... 61
8.7.8 Main Construction Equipment ............................................................. 62
II
Chapter 8 Construction Planning

8.1 Construction Conditions
8.1.1 Project Conditions
8.1.1.1 Project overview
Suki Kinari Hydropower Project is located on the Kunhar River of Mansehra

District in Pakistan, between Naran and Paras, with the dam and intake structure
near the Andhera bela Village, and distance from the dam site to Islamabad
highway approximately 256km through Manshera and to the Karachi (main
harbor) about 1956km. This project is composed of reservoir, head of pivot,
diversion system, powerhouse integrated groups of tunnels and rooms,
switchyard, and transmission lines etc., with the total capacity and minimum
operating level capacity of the reservoir of 9.07 million m 3 and 4.44 million m3
respectively. The plant has a gross installed capacity of 873.508MW and is
equipped with 4 sets of 218.377MW impulse turbine sets.
8.1.1.2 Project layout
Taking an a channel reservoir, the reservoir has a normal storage level of 2275m
and minimum operating water level of 2265m.
The head of pivot includes barrage, intake, and grit chamber etc., with the
barrage approximately 10km on the upstream of Kaghan Village, 54.5m high
maximally, 336m long for its crest, and of mixed types of the concrete and
bituminuous concrete face rockfill dams. The bituminuous concrete face rockfill
dam is arranged on the riverbed; the concrete dam is at both banks of the river,
and furnished with 6-surface-hole spillway, 5-bottom-hole spillway, and
1-hole-eco-flow-hole spillway. The intake which is of bank-tower type is arranged
on the right bank of the dam, with its frontier width of 30m, and is divided into 4
holes with each of them 8.7m high and having a design diversion flow of
114.6m3/s. Two grit chambers with pressure and 185m long are set behind the
intake, with their width and height of 14m and 18.4m respectively, and are lined
with the reinforced concrete.
The diversion system includes a diversion tunnel 6.0m in diameter and 19.5km
in length; a surge shaft is at the end of the diversion tunnel, with its diameter and
height of 5.5m and 205m respectively, and is furnished with upper and lower
8-1
chambers; this shaft is connected via a Y pipe to the pressure vertical shaft 3m
in diameter and 770.85m in total height, and this vertical shaft is connected to
the pressure steel pipe 3m in diameter and approximately 500m in length, and
this pipe is made via two Y pipes into 4 pressure branch pipes 2.12m in diameter
and 40m in length after reducing. Finally, these branch pipes are connected with
underground powerhouse.
As an underground powerhouse, the powerhouse is on the upstream of Paras

Village, located about 850m below the ground, 112m long, 24m wide and 31.5m
high, and installed with 4 sets of impulse turbine sets, with the assembly bay and
auxiliary powerhouse closely near the generator hall; the main transformer room
118.6m long, 22m wide and 25.8m high is on the downstream of the powerhouse;
the underground powerhouse is connected with the main transformer room
through 4 bus galleries 40m long, with 1 emergency escape channel separately
arranged. The powerhouse integrated groups of tunnel and room also include a
cable tunnel 2132m long with a longitudinal gradient of 18%, 1 main access
tunnel approximately 4.2km long, and 2 tailrace tunnels about 4.2km long, with
tailwater building arranged and stop log access door and trash rack configured
at the tailwater outlet
The main quantities of civil works in the main project are shown in Table 8.1-1.
Table 8.1-1 Summary of Main Quantities of Civil Works in the Main Project
Powerhou
Diversion and Diversion
SN Item Unit se Total
Intake Structure Tunnel
System
1 Open earth excavation m³ 575049 \ 454074 1029123
2 Open rock excavation m³ 2901637 \ 662656 3564293
3 Rock hole excavation m³ \ 1453492 1110120 2563611
Earth and rock

4 m³ 807925 \ 84686 892611
excavation
5 C20 spayed concrete m² 13104 \ 168 13272
6 C30 spayed concrete m² 135 117168 122164 239467
Anchor rod (including

7 Pcs 11550 226758 240346 478653
various anchor rods)
Prestressed anchor Bun
8 9 \ 1200 1209
cable dle
8-2
Concrete pouring
(including for the various
9 m³ 358395 305444 134926 798765
concrete base plates and
plugs)
Rebar fabrication and
10 t 11072 17582 11692 40347
installation
11 Steel grating t \ 650 1409 2059
12 Steel support t \ 942 1806 2748
13 Backfill grouting m² 150 178823 69074 248047
14 Consolidation grouting m 9253 172480 256013 437745
15 Contact grouting m² 32148 \ \ 32148
16 Curtain grouting m 6437 \ \ 6437
17 Bituminous concrete m3 8499 0 7849 16348
8.1.1.3 Traffic condition
Suki Kinari Hydropower Project is located on the Kunhar River of Mansehra

District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) of Pakistan, between the Naran and
Paras, with the dam site 256km from the Islamabad highway.
The project area is at the side of original highway from the Punjab Plain to Gilgit-
Hunza and Baltistan, and the dam site may be reached from Islamabad highway
through Abbottabad, Mansehra and Balakot highways.
8.1.2 Natural Conditions
8.1.2.1 Hydrology-weather condition
(1) Weather condition
The weather in the project area is characterized by the climatic optimum in

summer and severe cold in winter, influenced by the monsoon from the June to
September of summer, and controlled by easterlies and westerlies from
November in winter to March of the next year. From the statistics for the rainfall
data of Naran Weather Station near the project site from 1960 to 2010, the
average rainfall for years is 1616mm near the dam site, and the rainfall is not
uniform within the years, and maximum (269mm) in March and minimum (60mm)
in September; from the statistics for the evaporation data of such State from
8-3
1981 to 2009, the average evaporation capacity for years is 989mm, and the
evaporation capacity is none due to temperatures below zero from the January
to March, with the average evaporation capacity for years in July of 216mm.
According to the data statistics from such Station, in the project area the monthly
maximum average temperature is 24 ℃ , the monthly minimum average
temperature is -12℃, and the ultimate high temperature of 38℃ is in the June
and the ultimate low temperature of -17℃ is in the February, with the detailed
characteristic values shown in Table 8.1-2.
Table 8.1-2 Weather Characteristic Values of Naran Station

Month 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Year
Rainfall
196 223 269 229 163 69 76 60 60 85 65 121 1616
(mm)
Evaporation
Capacity 129 175 216 190 150 86 43 989
(mm)
Maximum
Average
-2 -5 -2 7 16 23 24 24 21 15 10 5
Temperature
(℃)
Minimum
Average
-9 -12 -9 -1 6 11 13 13 10 5 2 -3
Temperature
(℃)
Average
Temperature -6 -8 -5 3 11 17 19 19 15 10 6 1
(℃)
Ultimate
High
12 10 13 21 31 38 33 31 31 28 24 18 38
Temperature
(℃)
Ultimate
Low
-16 -17 -17 -14 -7 2 4 3 1 -2 -11 -13 -17
Temperature
(℃)
Relative
39 43 37 40 48 51 59 61 57 60 57 46
Humidity (%)
(2) Hydrological condition
The design flood results of dam site are shown in Table 8.1-3.
8-4
Table 8.1-3 Design Flood Results of Dam Site at Different Recurrence

Intervals
SN Recurrence Interval (Year) Design Flood at Dam (m3/s)

1 2 290
2 5 390
3 10 460
4 20 600
5 50 820
6 100 980
7 200 1140
8 500 1350
9 1000 1510
10 2000 1660
11 5000 1870
12 10000 2030
13 PMF 3777
The relations between the underdam water level and flow and station tailwater
level and flow are shown in Table 8.1-4.
Table 8.1-4 Relations Between the Underdam Water Level and Flow and Station
Tailwater Level and Flow
Relation Between the Underdam Water Relation Between Powerhouse Tailwater

Level and Flow Level and Flow
Q（m3/s) H(m) Q（m3/s) H(m)
150 2233.6 250 1346
374 2234.65 500 1347.76
500 2235.07 1000 1350.62
1000 2236.3 1230 1351.76
2100 2238.39 1500 1353.01
3000 2239.76 2000 1355.08
3777 2240.3 3000 1358.54
4656 1363.16
8-5
8.1.2.2 Topographic and geological condition
(1) Dam site
The riverbed at the dam site is covered by a deep thick layer which is more than
92m at the deepest point and mainly composed of silty sand gravel, pebble,
block stone, and silty sand gravel with uneven soil texture, containing sand
layers in some parts. The main bedrock at the dam site includes quartz mica
schist and quartzite, and some diabase. The most quartz mica schists are soft
(upper limit) and some are moderately hard; the most quartzites are moderately
hard and some are hard. The bedrock has a large strength change and obvious
anisotropy, with joints in the rock at dam abutment of both sides adequately to
moderately developed, existing a problem for stablizing the high side slope.
(2) Diversion line
The diversion tunnel has the minimum burial depth of approximately 70m and
the maximum burial depth of 1300m, with the section with the burial depth more
than 600m about 7km long; this tunnel passes through the strata of Kaghan
Group which contains complex rocks such as quartz mica schist, quartzite,
marble, limestone, and igneous rock etc. mainly. The most rocks at general
tunnel sections are moderately hard to hard, and the included angle between the
schistosity and axis is generally more than 30°. The overall tunneling condition is
general to poor due to the structural development along the tunnel. The
structures along the tunnel develop passing through two regional faults of Rajwal
and Khannian, both the strata structures and rocks are complex, and the
different degrees of temporary or long-term seepage (dripping), sheet flow, and
even bursting etc. can occur from the fault fracture zone, shear zone, joint
intensive zone, alteration zone, contact zone, and ditch-through shallow-buried
section etc.
(3) Powerhouse and tailrace tunnel
The underground burial depth of the powerhouse is about 850m, and the rock is
quartzite with marble of Mahandri Group which is moderately hard to hard. The
tailrace tunnel is about 4.2km long, the section with the burial depth more than
600m about 1.8km long. The structures along the tunnel develop passing
through two regional faults of Panjal and Bunjia which are close with Panjal of
8-6
regional thrust type, and fractured rock mass approximately 400m to 500m wide.
Both the strata structures and rocks are complex, and the different degrees of
temporary or long-term seepage (dripping), sheet flow, and even bursting etc.
can occur from the fault fracture zone, shear zone, joint intensive zone,
alteration zone, contact zone, and ditch-through shallow-buried section etc.
8.1.2.3 Supply condition of local building materials
The earth, stone, and sand gravel near the project area may be used for the
project construction. In this stage, there are mainly 2 borrow pits may be used as
the sources for impervious earth, 3 quarries may be used as the sources for
block stone and artificial concrete aggregate, 5 sand gravel stockyards may be
used as the sources for fine concrete aggregate.
8.1.2.4 Supply condition of outsourced building materials
The project area is about 256km far away from the capital Islamabad highway,
and the cement, rebars, steel, wood, and gasoline and diesel oil etc. can be
purchased in Islamabad and transported to the construction site through the
above highway.
8.1.2.5 Water and power supply, and construction communication
For the construction water, the water in the Kunhar River and flood in the
scourway which are disinfected can reach the standard for the domestic and
drinking water and may be used for the construction.
For the construction power, it may be supplied by the local grid and diesel
generator.
For the construction communication, the fixed and mobile unified communication
system may be used.
8.2 Natural Building Materials
The natural building materials required for the project include the concrete
aggregate, enrockment, transitional materials, filter material, stone masonry
materials, and clay etc.
8-7
8.2.1 Borrow Pits
8.2.1.1 Distribution
Kaghan Jabba borrow pits are located on the left bank of Kunhar River which is
about 10km on the downstream of the dam site and near the Kaghan City, with
1m thick top soil on the surface and over 20m thick clayey silt on the lower part.
Besides, the clayed silt which is similar to the above silt is located in the
Paludaran which is about 2km on the upstream of the dam site.
8.2.1.2 Selection and exploitation
The Paludaran borrow pit is selected for the impervious soil because it is near
the dam site.
The exploitation shall be based on the principle of first using the high-quality and
nearby materials, and using the high-level materials for high stockyard and
low-level materials for low stockyard. A 220kW bulldozer shall be used to clear
away the top covering layer, and a 1.6m3 backhoe excavator for exploitation by
layer and a 20t dump truck for transportation.
8.2.2 Quarries
The project area is distributed with 3 block stone quarries which are Ranja Bela
(limestone) quarry, Shino-Noori (metabasalt) quarry, and Mangial Khatta
(quartzite) quarry respectively.
(1) Ranja Bela (limestone) block stone quarry
This quarry is located on the left bank of Kunhar River which is about 3km on the
upstream of Paras Town, near the tailwater outlet of powershouse, and
approximately 35km from the dam site. The main rock is Jurassic limestone, in
light grey to grey, and moderately hard and slightly to moderately weathered, in
fine particles, with intensive to moderately developing joints. The limestone
contains micritit limestone, biosparite, quartz, clay mineral, and magnetite /
limonite. Several SW-NE trending shear zones pass through the quarry, and the
rock is fractured near the shear zones due to shearing.
This quarry may be used for the coarse aggregates of normal concrete and
bituminous concrete, with the estimated storage capacity more than 172×104m3
8-8
and excavation elevation between 1450m and 2060m. Due to the existing of
shear zones, the good-quality limestone shall be fractured during the fracturing
of aggregates to avoid excessive fine particles or rock powders.
(2) Shino-Noori (metabasalt) block stone quarry
This quarry is located on the left bank of Kunhar River which is about 25km on
the downstream of the dam site near the Naran main road. The main rock is
metabasalt in greengrey to dark grey. Several shear zones pass through the
quarry. If the excavation elevation is 1450m to 1770m, the estimated storage
capacity is more than 319×104m3. Thus, this quarry may extend southwards.
(3) Mangial Khatta (quartzite) block stone quarry
This quarry is located on the right bank of Mangial Khatta River which is near the
powerhouse, approximately 600m and 500m wide and long respectively, and
about 35km from the dam site. The main rock is calcareous quartzite. Several
shear zones pass through the quarry, and the rock may be fractured near these
zones due to their shearing. If the excavation elevation is 1450m to 1700m, the
estimated storage capacity is more than 332×104m3.
The materials from the quarries are mainly used as the sources of dam material
and concrete aggregate. The materials excavated from the tunnel cannot be
used as the coarse concrete aggregate due to containing a large amount of
quartz gneiss and marble, with the main coarse aggregate from the block stone
quarries.
The Ranja Bela (limestone) block stone quarry is selected for this stage, and
excavated from up to bottom, outside to inside, with the thickness controlled as
15m according to the layer thickness and a 2m driftway set for each level. The
hydraulic drill rig shall be used to exploit the raw materials of crushed stones
from the useful layers by the means of deep hole blasting; the enrockment shall
be loaded with a 3m3 excavator and transported to the dam with a 20t dump
truck. The down-the-hole drill rig shall be used to drill the coarse aggregate by
the means of manually loaded explosive blasting, a 220kW bulldozer to collect
the materials, a 1.6 to 2m3 backhoe excavator to load, and a 20t dump truck to
transport to the stockyard for sandstone processing system which is
8-9
approximately 1.3km on the upstream.
8.2.3 Sand Gravel Stockyards
Both banks of Kunhar River are distributed with 4 sand gravel stockyards which
are selectable with a gross storage capacity of 50×104m3, and Kaghan Bela
gravelly sand stockyard, Paras sandy silt or silty sand stockyard, Ghari
Habibullah gravelly sand stockyard, and Naran sand stockyard respectively.
(1) Kaghan Bela sand stockyard
This stockyard is located approximately 10km on the downstream of the dam

site, having sandy gravel or gravelly sand with the thickness of sediments more
than 10m and fine to medium sand on the surface.
According to the analysis, the main rocks in the gravels are schist (accounting
for 85.9%), quartzite (accounting for 10.4%), and granitic gneiss (accounting for
3.7%) and have alkali reactivity. The main components of the sand include
quartz / coagulated quartz, quartzite, greywacke, acidic to neutral volcanic rock,
and chert / micro quartz, having hazard of alkali reactivity to high-alkali cement.
(2) Paras sand stockyard
This stockyard is near the Paras Town which is about 2km on the downstream of
tailwater outlet of powerhouse, having the sandy silt / silty sand and sandy gravel,
with colluvial deposits and slope deposits covered on the surface.
According to the analysis, the main rocks in the gravels are limestone / marble
(accounting for 51.2%), quartzite (accounting for 27.2%), schist (accounting for
18.6%) and volcanic rock (accounting for 2.9%) and have alkali reactivity. The
main components of the sand include quartz / coagulated quartz, quartzite,
greywacke, acidic to neutral volcanic rock, and chert / micro quartz, having
hazard of alkali reactivity to high-alkali cement and a very small storage capacity.
(3) Ghari Habibullah sand stockyard
This stockyard is located near the Ghari Habibullah Town which is about 45km
(52km shown on the map from Google) on the downstream of tailwater outlet of
powerhouse, and the valley is wide and flat. The composing substances mainly
8-10
include medium to coarse sand, and fine to medium sand for some top layers.
According to the analysis, the main rocks in the gravels are sandstone
(accounting for 34%), limestone / marble (accounting for 33%), quartzite
(accounting for 21%), schist (accounting for 11.9%) and breccia (accounting for
1.0%) and have alkali reactivity. The main components of the sand include
quartz, anorthose, magnetite / limonite, and clay mineral. In case of using the
low-alkali cement and slag cement, the sand may be used as the fine aggregate,
and its estimated storage capacity is more than 40×104m3.
(4) Naran sand stockyard
The right bank of Kunhar River is distributed with a large amount of sand gravel
from alluviation. This stockyard is located about 13km on the upstream of the
dam site, mainly having coarse to medium sand with the content of 84.5% to
100% and estimated storage capacity of 285×104m³.
In addition, the materials excavated from the dam site and quarries or bench
deposits may be selected as the sources of materials for the artificial sand. It has
been confirmed that the bench deposits have alkali reactivity.
The sand gravel is mainly used as the sources of processing materials of dam
material and fine concrete aggregate. The Naran sand stockyard near the dam
site is used as the main stockyard and the rest 3 stockyards and bench deposit
yard near the dam site may be used as the backup stockyards. For the sand
gravel stockyard, a 74kW bulldozer is used to remove its covering layer, a 2m 3
hydraulic backhoe excavator to load, and a 15t dump truck to transport the
coarse aggregate to the sand gravel sieving plant on the stockyard. The
covering layers removed are tentatively stacked near the corresponding
stockyards and placed to the original places after the exploitation.
8.2.4 Utilization of Excavated Materials
The materials excavated from some spillways may be used to fill the cofferdam
or dam.
8.3 Construction Diversion, River Closure
8.3.1 Standard of Diversion
8-11
The flow of flood peak in dam area every 20 years is 600m3/s, and the flow of
flood peak every 100 years is 980m3/s. The diversion design shall adopt the
standard of flow every 100 years, and the corresponding diversion discharge is
980m3/s.
8.3.2 Selection of Diversion Method
According to the terrain condition and the layout style of the dam area, stage
diversion shall be used in the project, and the diversion shall be divided into two
stages.
8.3.3 Procedure of Diversion
For the first-stage diversion, the water shall be discharged through the original
river bed, the construction location shall be the concrete dam section in the left
bank and the stilling basin, the underport of diversion shall be reserved in the
dam section of spillway. The water-retaining cofferdam of upper and lower
reaches shall be built in the original river bed at the end of this stage.
For the second-stage diversion, the water shall be retained through the
cofferdam of upper and lower reaches, and the flow shall be discharged through
both of underport of diversion and lower spillway, the construction location shall
be the rock-fill dam section.
8.3.4 Diversion Hydraulic Calculation
The calculation formula of the discharge capability of diversion underport is as

follows:
 Calculation of critical slope ik:
When the normal water depth of the uniform flow of open channel is equal to the
critical water depth, the corresponding gradient of bottom slope of the open
channel shall be the critical gradient and shall be shown via the following
formula:
Q2 g k
ik  
Ak Ck Rk  Ck2 Bk
2 2
Wherein Ak、Rk、χk、Bk、Ck-discharge section area of the open channel of the

critical water depth, hydraulic radius, wetted perimeter, water surface depth and
Chezy coefficient.
8-12
After calculation, i>ik, then the diversion underport shall be abrupt slope.
 Hydraulic Calculation of Non-pressure Flow
The free discharge of underport of abrupt slope shall not be influenced by the
length of tunnel, and shall be calculated by the formula of short tunnel:
Q  m s b 2 g H 01.5
Where
m—coefficient of inlet flow
σs—submergence coefficient
b—water surface width of rectangle underport
H0—the total head of upper reach calculated by the elevation of bottom

plate of underport entrance section.
When H/d<1.2, it shall be the stage of non-pressure flow which can be

calculated by the above formula.
 Calculation of half-pressure flow
When 1.2<H/d<1.5, it shall be the stage of half-pressure flow which shall be

calculated by the following formula:
Q   Ad 2 g (   )d
Where
Q, the downstream discharge of the half-pressure flow
μ—flow coefficient;
τ—inlet elevation ratio
ε—vertical contraction coefficient of inlet;
Ad—underport section area;
d-height of tunnel pipe
 Calculation of pressure flow
Calculation formula:
Q= 2 g (T0  h p )
8-13
Where:
Q-discharge of middle and lower reaches
μ—flow coefficient;
1
μ=
L   i 
2 gl
C2R
Where
ξi—local energy loss coefficients
L—length of underport
c—Chezy coefficient
R—hydraulic radius
ω—Bottom
T0—elevation difference T between upstream water surface and

bottom plate of underport and the total upstream velocity head,
and T0≈ upstream
hp—average unit potential energy of underport section depth
For the submerged discharge, hp shall be the water depth of lower reach which
shall be obtained according to the stage-discharge relation curve of dam area.
For the free discharge, hp shall be calculated as 0.5D (D-tunnel diameter)
The discharge capacity of the diversion underport shall be determined according

to the above formula.
(2) Calculation formula of the discharge capacity of lower spillway is as

follows.
 Discrimination of flow state
For the free discharge of lower spillway, 0.67<δ/H<2.5 in most cases, so it is

discriminated as the practical weir.
 Calculation of weir discharge
Q  mn s cb 2 g H 01.5
8-14
m—inlet flow coefficient;
n—gate number;
σc—side-contract coefficient;
σs—submergence coefficient
b—discharge section width of rectangle tunnel;
H0—the total head of upper reach calculated by the elevation of the bottom
plate of tunnel inlet section.
The lower spillway discharge curve of weir state can be calculated by this
formula.
The joint discharge curve can be obtained through the combination of discharge
curves of diversion underport and lower spillway.
When the flow is 980m3/s, the upstream water lever shall be 2250.50m in the
joint discharge curve, the discharge capacity of two diversion underports shall be
550m3/s, and shall discharge the water jointly with the five-tunnel spillway with
the discharge capacity of 469m3/s, which can meet the requirement of flow.
8.3.5 Design of Diversion Structure
The diversion structure mainly includes the diversion underport, upstream and
downstream cofferdams.
1) Diversion underport
The diversion underport shall be arranged on the ecological flow dam section
next to the spillway at the right bank, there are two tunnels and rectangle section,
the size of section is 5.5m. The elevation of diversion underport inlet is 2240m,
and the elevation of outlet is 2236.90m.
2) Upstream cofferdam
The water level of upstream cofferdam is designed as 2250.50m, considering

the wave run-up and free board, the elevation of the upstream cofferdam crest is
determined as 2252m, considering the requirements of construction of
diaphragm wall and the traffic of the cofferdam top, the width of cofferdam crest
is 10m, and the maximum cofferdam height is 17m. The ratio of upstream and
downstream slope shall be 1:1.75.
8-15
The cofferdam shall be earth-rock structure, the anti-seepage body shall be the
diaphragm wall with grouting controlled in single row, the grouting hole shall be
plunged 20m below the original ground line, the hole distance is 1.0m, the
grouting hole shall be constructed in two orders, and the hole shall be grouted
from top to bottom section by section. The riprap protection of slope shall be
constructed at the upstream face of cofferdam. The diaphragm wall shall be
connected with the bedrock at the right and left bank of the riverbed to form the
anti-seepage barrier which can run through both banks.
3) Downstream cofferdam
When the diversion flow is 980m3/s, the water level of downstream cofferdam is
2236.2m after searching the stage-discharge relation curve near downstream
cofferdam, considering the wave run-up and free board, the elevation of the
upstream cofferdam crest is determined as 2237.2m, considering the
requirements of construction of diaphragm wall and the traffic of the cofferdam
top, the width of cofferdam crest is 10m, and the maximum cofferdam height is
7.2m. The ratio of upstream and downstream slope shall be 1:1.75.
The cofferdam shall be earth-rock structure, the anti-seepage body shall be the
diaphragm wall with grouting controlled in single row, the grouting hole shall be
plunged 20m below the original ground line, the hole distance is 1.0m, the
grouting hole shall be constructed in two orders, and the hole shall be grouted
from top to bottom section by section. The riprap protection of slope shall be
constructed at the upstream face of cofferdam.
The main characteristic indexes of diversion structure are shown in table 8.3-1.
8-16
Table 8.3-1 Table of Diversion Characteristic Index
No. Item Unit Quantity Remark

1 Diversion standard Flood every 100 years
2 Design flow m3/s 980
3 Outlet structure Diversion underport
Upstream and
4 Water-retaining structure
downstream cofferdam
Elevation of weir
5 m 2252.0
crest
6 Maximum weir height m 17
7 Upstream Structural style Earth-rock cofferdam
8 cofferdam Width of weir crest m 10
9 Side slope 1:1.75
Diaphragm wall for
10 Anti-seepage
controlling grouting
Elevation of weir
11 m 2237.2
crest
12 Maximum weir height m 7.2
13 Downstream Structural style Earth-rock cofferdam
14 cofferdam Width of weir crest m 10
15 Side slope 1:1.75
Diaphragm wall for
16 Anti-seepage
controlling grouting
Rectangle section,
17 Section shape
Diversion 5×5m
18 underport Elevation of inlet m 2240.0
19 Elevation of outlet m 2236.9
8.3.6 Temporary Flood Prevention during Construction of Dam
The water-retaining standard of cofferdam during construction of dam shall be

the standard for the flood every 100 years, according to the capacity of flood
retention and the dam structure, the standard of temporary flood prevention
during construction of dam shall be the standard for the flood every 20-50 years,
8-17
the design standard of diversion structure is higher than the standard of dam
flood prevention, therefore, the standard of temporary flood prevention during
construction of dam complies with the requirements. The cofferdam shall be
used to retained water in the flood season, and the diversion underport and
lower spillway shall discharge the water jointly.
8.3.7 Closure Design
1) Closure time and standard
The closure time shall be selected in the initial dry season (October to April), and
the specific date shall be October 10th, and the closure standard shall be 10-day
average flow in 10-year return period. The corresponding flow shall be 22.3m3/s.
2) Closure way
End-dump closure of single banquette shall be used, and the closure banquette
shall be arranged from the both banks combining with the upstream cofferdam.
The big stone shall be casted during the closure of closure gap.
8.3.8 Drainage of Foundation Pit
The drainage of foundation pit of cofferdam shall be divided into initial drainage
of foundation pit and regular drainage of foundation pit.
The initial drainage mainly includes water in foundation pit and water seepage.
During the initial drainage, the decreasing rate of water lever in foundation pit
shall be less than 1.0m every day and night to keep the stability of side slope of
cofferdam. The regular drainage mainly includes the water seepage of cofferdam
and water seepage of foundation (including confined water), rain water and
construction waste water, the water seepage of cofferdam mainly considers the
seepage of cofferdam foundation.
8.3.8.1 Initial drainage of foundation pit
Initial drainage of foundation pit of cofferdam: the area that the foundation pit
encloses the river channel is about 6800m2, and the average depth of river
channel is 1m, the initial discharge shall be estimated according to the
experience, the total discharge is about 20400 m 3, the initial drainage of
foundation pit is finished in 7 days, and the water shall be discharged for 20
hours every day, and the drainage intensity is 150m3/h.
8-18
8.3.8.2 Regular drainage of foundation pit
The regular drainage of foundation pit mainly includes rain water, construction
waste water, water seepage of cofferdam, after the construction of cofferdam,
the water shall be discharged into upstream and downstream river bed of
foundation pit.
8.3.8.3 Drainage equipment of foundation pit
According to the drainage design and drainage intensity of foundation pit, S-type
single-stage double-suction centrifugal pump shall be used as the drainage
pump of foundation pit, in addition, a certain amount of submerged pump shall
be arranged to discharge the water. A 100m3/h water pump with pumping head
of 30m and a 50m3/h pump with the pumping head of 25m shall be used.
Another standby 100m3/h pump with the pump head of 30m shall be arranged.
8.3.9 Plugging of Diversion Structure
The two diversion hole shall be plugged after diversion. The plugging time shall
be in the middle ten days of October, 2020, the design flow of plugging tail lock
shall be 10-day average flow of 10-year recurrence period in the middle ten days
of October, and the corresponding flow shall be 22.3m 3/s. The plugging tail lock
shall be sealed at the inlet before the underport is plugged, and then the
underport shall be plugged in the tunnel from the downstream。
8.3.10 Construction of Diversion Works
The diversion structure mainly includes diversion underport, upstream cofferdam

and downstream cofferdam.
The diversion underport shall be constructed with the main works. The upstream
and downstream cofferdam shall be earth-rock cofferdam, the excavated
material of dam can be filled in, and the normal construction method shall be
used. The anti-seepage body shall be the diaphragm wall with grouting
controlled in single row, the grouting hole shall be plunged 20m below the
original ground line, the hole distance is 1.0m, the grouting hole shall be
constructed in two orders, the hole shall be grouted with the planned
mixed-liquid grout from the top to bottom section by section.
8.3.11 Quantity of Diversion Structure
8-19
Table 8.3-2 Table of Quantity of Diversion Structure
No. Item Unit Quantity

1 Upstream cofferdam
1.1 Earth excavation m3 11573
1.2 Filling of rock-fill cofferdam m3 87604
1.3 Masonry slope protection m3 2676
1.4 Controlled grouting m 4590
2 Downstream cofferdam
2.1 Earth excavation m3 3883
2.2 Filling of rock-fill cofferdam m3 15680
2.3 Masonry slope protection m3 685
2.4 Controlled grouting m 2565
3 Removal of cofferdam
3.1 Removal of upstream cofferdam m3 61323
Removal of downstream
3.2 cofferdam m3 10976
4 Plugging of diversion underport
4.1 Plain concrete m3 618
4.2 Anchor bolt（φ25，L=2m) Nos. 206
4.3 Contact grouting m2 625
4.4 Backfill grouting m2 150
8.4 Construction of Main Works
The main hydraulic structure construction of SUKI KINARI hydropower station

can be divided into five parts, namely barrage and spillway works, diversion
system works, powerhouse works, manufacturing of installation of metal
structure and installation of electromechanical equipment.
8.4.1 Barrage and Spillway Works
The elevation of barrage crest is EL.2281.5m, the maximum barrage height is

54.4m, the dam structure is the asphaltic concrete facing rock-fill dam. Two
spillways shall be set at the dam, the surface-outlet spillway shall be located at
the left bank and the bottom-outlet spillway shall be located at the right bank.
The barrage and spillway works mainly includes earthwork, supporting works,
8-20
foundation treatment works, concrete works and earth-rock dam filling works etc.
8.4.1.1 Construction Procedure
The construction procedure of water-retaining structure shall be arranged

according to the construction diversion procedure, the first-stage construction
location shall be the dam section of spillway at the right and left banks, and the
second-stage construction location shall be the asphaltic concrete facing rock-fill
dam at the main riverbed.
8.4.1.2 Earth-rock Excavation
The earth-rock excavation is divided into surface cleaning, earth excavation,

rock excavation and rock hole excavation etc.
(1) Surface cleaning
The surface cleaning refers to clean the cladding of certain thickness on the
surface (0.5 m in thickness in general). The 2.0m3 backhoe shall be sued to
clean the surface from the top to bottom layer by layer, and the excavated matter
shall be transported to the waste disposal area by the 20t auto-dumper.
(2) Earth excavation
The 2.0m3 backhoe shall be used to excavate, and the excavated matter shall be
transported to the waste disposal area by the 20t auto-dumper. The un-layered
excavation of riverbed dam foundation shall be performed, and the excavation of
spillway foundation shall be performed from top to bottom layer by layer , and the
height of layer shall be 3~5m. When the slope is excavated around the rock
slope, manual treatment shall be performed.
(3) Rock excavation
The rock excavation shall be performed from the top to bottom layer by layer, the
deep-hole bench millisecond and loosening blasting shall be performed at
deep-hole bench, the bench height shall not exceed 15m, and millisecond
smooth blasting shall be performed. The support-type down-hole drill and
hand-air drill shall be used, the bulldozer shall be used to collect the slag, and
the slag shall be loaded by the 2.0m3 backhoe and be transported to the waste
disposal area or the temporary stock yard by the 20t auto-dumper.
8.4.1.3 Foundation Treatment Works

8-21
The vertical plastic concrete diaphragm wall shall be adopted as concrete

anti-seepage curtain of dam, the thickness of wall shall be 80cm.
(1) Diaphragm wall
According to different length of diaphragm wall of dam foundation, the

diaphragm wall shall be divided into I-period groove and II-period groove, and
the construction shall be performed groove by groove to form the wall. The
“two-drill one-clamshell method” and the “boring-cleaving method” will be used
for the slot of the diaphragm wall. The slurry shall be used to stabilize the wall in
the slot, and plastic concrete shall be poured by the direct pipe method.
(2) Curtain grouting
The rotary drill shall be used to drill holes for the curtain grouting of spillway shall,
and the grouting shall be performed by the 3SNS-type grouting pump according
to the GIN method, and the grout shall be mixed by the YJ-200A-type vertical
double-layer mixing tank.
(3) Consolidation grouting
The MC-351 drill shall be used to drill holes for consolidation grouting of spillway
foundation, the slope hole shall be drilled by the MGY-60 drill or the EQ-100B
drill. And the grouting shall be performed by the same method of curtain
grouting.
8.4.1.4 Concrete works
(1) Pouring of ordinary concrete
The concrete shall be mixed at the mixing plant in the upper reach of dam for the
concrete pouring of spillway, diversion underport, eco-compensation drainage
hole, wave wall of dam and the guide wall of right and left bank, the concrete
shall be transported to the construction site by the 20t auto-dumper, and shall be
lifted into the warehouse by the M900 tower crane or 30t tracked vehicle, and
shall be vibrated by the plug-in vibrator. The slip form shall be used at the
spillway face, and the combined steel form shall be used at the other position.
(2) Paving and compacting of bituminous concrete
The paving and compacting of horizontal bituminous concrete: the mixture shall
be unloaded into the paver by the auto-dumper, and then the adjacent strip shall
8-22
be paved and compacted, and the two sides of joint shall be compacted
repeatedly for 10cm. The paving and compacting of leveling cemented layer,
anti-seepage bottom layer, drainage layer, anti-seepage surface layer shall be
performed by this way.
Paving and compacting of bituminous concrete on the slope: the auto-dumper

shall unload the mixture to the skip of the main gallow, the gallow shall transport
the skip to the hopper of paver, and the concrete shall be paved by the paver,
and then auxiliary gallow shall drag the vibratory roller to tamp the concrete, the
joint shall be compacted for 10cm repeatedly. The paving and compacting of
leveling cemented layer, drainage layer, anti-seepage surface layer shall be
performed by this way.
8.4.1.5 Dam filling works
The filling of dam shall be divided into seven major filling areas, from the
upstream to the downstream, it is the fine power area (1B), material area (1A),
special material for cushion area (2A), cushion layer (2B), transition zone
(including horizontal transition material 3A and 3A transition material at the
bottom of dam), main rock-fill area (3B), secondary rock-fill area (3C) and stone
blocks on the slope of downstream. The total filling volume of the dam is about
731631m3. The material sources of each area are shown in table 8.4-1.
Table 8.4-1 Table of the Material Source of Dam Filling Area

Area
Name of Area Material Requirements Material Source
No.
Material of
Paving area of Good cohesionless soil and
1A sandstone
upstream fine sand
processing plant
Stock yard of
1B Cover weight Any mixture excavated material
of spillway
Material of
2A Cushion area Sand and rubble filter material sandstone
processing plant
Sand and broken material Material of
Special cushion
2B (equal to the concrete sandstone
area
aggregate) processing plant
Rick-fill material with maximum Material of
3A Transition area particle size less than 150mm sandstone
after screening processing plant
8-23
Stock yard of
Main rock-fill Rick-fill material with maximum
3B excavated material
area particle size less than 500mm
of spillway
Stock yard of
Rock-fill area of Rick-fill material with maximum
3C excavated material
downstream particle size less than 1000mm
of spillway
(1) Transportation of material for upper dam: the material for upper dam
shall be transported by the 20t auto-dumper, and different filling material for
upper dam shall be transported by the its different vehicle with special mark.
(2) Unloading of dam material: material of 3B and 3C shall be unloaded by

the advancing method; and material of 2B and 3A shall be unloaded by the
backward method.
(3) Paving: the material shall be leveled by the D85 bulldozer.
(4) Treatment of over-size stone: when the material of 3A is leveled by the

bulldozer, if there is over-size stone, it shall be removed by the backacting
shovel or shall be broken by the hydraulic impact hammer.
(5) Compacting of dam material: the material shall be compacted

horizontally by the 18t self-propelled vibratory roller (for cushion material,
transition material) or 25t self-propelled vibratory roller (for rock-fill material) in
the way of staggered compacting. The slope shall be compacted in the
combination way of static compacting and dynamic compacting by 30t crawler
crane dragging YZ10L towed vibratory roller. The 2A cushion material shall be
compacted by the small-scale smooth drum vibratory roller.
8.4.2 Water Diversion System Works
The water diversion system mainly includes water inlet, underground grit
chamber, 19.5km diversion tunnel, vertical shaft for pressure regulating with the
height of 224m, vertical-pressure vertical shaft with the height of 770.85m,
branch pipe section changed from Ф6.0m to 2×Ф3.0m and the branch pipe
section of pressure steel pipe changed from 2×Ф3m to 4×Ф2.12m, and the
construction adit set in the diversion tunnel.
The diversion tunnel mainly includes rock open excavation, earth-rock filling,
rock hole (shaft) excavation, supporting, foundation treatment and construction
8-24
of concrete etc.
8.4.2.1 Earth-rock open excavation
The CM351or D7 hydraulic drill or down-hole drill shall be used to drill holes for
the rock open excavation, and the air drill shall be used to drill hole at the local
part and the manual charged blasting shall be adopted.
8.4.2.2 Rock hole (shaft) excavation works
The main construction passageways of grit chamber are water inlet, sluicing
tunnel outlet and A1 construction tunnel. The tunnel shall be excavated in three
layers, the height of each layer is about 6m, the three-leg drill jumbo shall be
used to drill for the excavation of first layer, and the way of full face blasting shall
be used, and the way of smooth blasting shall be used around. The second and
third layer shall be drilled by the down-hole drill, and the way of pre-splitting
blasting shall be used. The primary supporting shall lag behind the excavation
place for 15-20m. and shall be performed with the excavation construction, and
the rock with the poor local stability shall be performed with the anchor bolt-spray
support. The slag in the tunnel shall be loaded by the side-dump loader, and
shall be transported to the waste disposal area by 20t auto-dumper.
For the construction of diversion tunnel, there are seven construction adits
setting along the tunnel, the section shall be 6.7 adit, and for the door opening of
section, the radius of upper semi-circle shall be 3.35m. The locations of each
adit and construction control range are shown in table 8.4-2.
8-25
Table 8.4-2 Table of Layout Characteristic of Construction Adit

Location of
Control
Major Adit Work
Elevation Range Work Place
Intersection Place Gradient
Adit of Length (Stake Length of
(Stake Length of of Adit
No. Opening (m) Number of Downstream
Number of Upstream
(m) Diversion (m)
Diversion (m)
（%）
Tunnel)
Tunnel)
0+000～
A1 0+500 2250.41 280 500 1310 2
1+810
1+810～
A2 3+000 2235.73 400 1190 1325 2
4+325
4+325～
A3 5+500 2221.04 550 1175 1500 2
7+000
7+000～
A4 8+000 2206.36 1050 1000 2250 2
10+250
10+250～
A5 11+000 2188.18 2550 750 1050 2
12+050
12+050～
A6 14+500 2168.18 1150 2450 2075 2
16+575
16+575～
Pressure
A7 19+418 2138.81 300 2843 2
regulating
shaft
pressure
pressure
A8 2139.28 1748 vertical 6
vertical shaft
shaft
From cable Pressure
tunnel to steel pipe,
A9 pressure 1364.15 250 pressure 2
steel pipe vertical
section shaft
From cable
tunnel to Main plant
plant house, house, main
A10 1400.00 120 1
main transformer
transformer tunnel
tunnel
The section of diversion tunnel shall be in the shape of horseshoe, and the
construction shall be performed by the drilling and blasting method. The
three-leg drill jumbo shall be used to drill for the excavation, and the excavation
shall be performed by the way of full face blasting shall be used, and the way of
smooth blasting shall be used around. The primary supporting shall lag behind
the excavation place for 15-20m. and shall be performed with the excavation
construction, and the rock with the poor local stability shall be performed with the
anchor bolt-spray support. The slag in the tunnel shall be loaded by the
side-dump loader, and shall be transported to the waste disposal area by 20t
auto-dumper.
8-26
The drilling and blasting method of pressure regulation shaft, upper section of
pressure vertical shaft, lower section of pressure vertical shaft shall be: after the
BMC-400 raise-boring machine drills a guide hole with the diameter of 270mm
from top to bottom, the guide hole shall be drilled into 1.65m guide shaft the
reversely from bottom to top, and then the hole shall be blasted from top to
bottom, and then shall be excavated to the design excavation section, after slag
down-wash along the guide shaft, the slag shall be removed manually. In the
pressure regulating shaft, the slag shall be removed from the A7 construction
adit; in the upper section of pressure vertical shaft, the slag shall be removed
from the A8 construction adit, in the lower section, the the slag shall be removed
from the A9 construction adit and cable tunnel, and a few slag shall be removed
from the access tunnel of plant house and tailrace tunnel. Except that the slag
shall be removed from the A9 adit and cable tunnel by the side-loading loader
and the 25t hinge auto-dumper at the lower section of pressure vertical shaft,
other slags shall be removed by side-loading loader and the 20t hinge
auto-dumper.
The pressure pipeline shall be drilled by the handheld air-leg drill, perimeter
smooth blasting shall be performed. The circulation footage shall be controlled at
1.0～5.0m, the slag shall be loaded by the side-dumping loader, and the slag
shall be removed from the A9 adit and cable tunnel by the 20t hinge
auto-dumper.
8.4.2.3 Tunnel grouting
Backfilling grouting, consolidation grouting, contact grouting shall be performed

after lining of concrete. The backfilling of rock and concrete lining-arch shall be
performed firstly, and then the consolidation grouting of tunnel surrounding rock,
the contacting filling between concrete lining and pressure steel pipe shall be
performed finally. The multi-boom drill, EQ-100B drill or YT-28 air drill shall be
used to drill. And the grouting shall be performed by the 3SNS grouting pump.
The contact grouting between pressure steel pipe and concrete shall be
reserved during the installation of steel pipe.
8.4.2.4 Pouring of concrete
It mainly includes the pouring and lining of concrete in inlet, grit chamber,
diversion tunnel, pressure regulating vertical shaft, pressure shaft, pressure
8-27
pipeline, adit plugging etc.
The concrete of inlet shall be poured from the upper place to lower place; the
concrete of grit chamber shall be poured in the sequence of bottom plate first,
then the side wall and finally the arch lining. The concrete shall be transported by
the concrete mixer to construction site through the sand sluicing tunnel and
access tunnel of grit chamber, and then shall be pumped to the form. The form
shall be the combined steel form.
The concrete of diversion tunnel, construction adit shall be transported by the

concrete mixer through their construction adits to the construction site, and shall
be pumped to the form, and shall be vibrated by the plug-in vibrator. The form
shall be needle-beam steel form, and the form of plug shall be the steel form in
bulk.
The pressure regulating shaft shall be poured from top to bottom, the concrete
below EL.2190m shall be transported horizontally through the 7# construction
adit to the construction site by the mixer, and shall be pumped to the form; the
concrete above EL.2190m shall be transported horizontally to the top of
pressure regulating shaft EL.2343m by the mixer, and shall be pumped to form
by the BOX simulation vacuum chute. The concrete of the expanding gallery at
the lower end of pressure regulating shaft shall be transported horizontally to the
construction site by the mixer through the 7# construction adit, and shall be
pumped to form; the concrete of pressure regulating pool above the pressure
regulating shaft shall be transported horizontally by the mixer to top of pressure
regulating shaft EL.2343m, and shall be pumped to form by the BOX simulation
vacuum chute. The form shall be hydraulic sliding form, steel form steel, and the
wooden form shall be used at the local part.
The concrete of pressure shaft shall be poured from top to bottom with the
installation progress of pressure steel pipe. The EL.1365m～EL.1415m concrete
shall be transported through the cable tunnel, A9 construction adit to the
downstream of the branch pipe section by the mixer and shall be pumped to the
form; the EL.1415m～EL.1749m concrete of pressure regulating shaft shall be
transported horizontally through the A8 construction adit to the middle part of the
shaft by the mixer and shall be pumped to the form by the simulation vacuum
chute; the EL.1749m～EL.2135m concrete of pressure regulating shaft shall be
8-28
transported horizontally through the A9 construction adit to the top of the shaft by
the mixer and shall be pumped to the form by the simulation vacuum chute. The
pressure steel plate shall be used as the form.
Concrete of horizontal pressure steel plate section shall be transported through
the cable tunnel, A9 construction adit to the downstream of branch pipe and shall
be pumped to the form.
8.4.3 Powerhouse System
The whole power house is composed of the main powerhouse, main transformer
room, cable tunnel and outdoor switch station, 2 tailrace tunnels and 1 main
access tunnels. It mainly includes open excavation and filling of earth-rock,
retaining and supporting, excavation of underground cavern and concrete
construction and so on.
8.4.3.1 Open excavation of earth-rock
It mainly includes open excavation of earth-rocks at switching station and

openings of all tunnels.
(1) Earth excavation
Earth excavation shall be carried out from top to bottom by layers as the design
line and the height of every layer is from 3 to 5m. Excavation of covering layer
shall be carried out by 0.8 to 1.6m3 backhoe excavator to cut the slope and 20t
dump truck for delivery to spoil area.
(2) Rock excavation
Down-the-hole drill is mainly adopted for hole forming with 3 ～ 5m layer

thickness. Pre-splitting slope controlled blasting is used and the blasted
materials are to be dug by 2m3 backhoe excavator and delivered by 20t dump
truck to the spoil area.
8.4.3.2 Filling of earth-rock
It mainly comprises filling of earth-rock in the switch station. Excavated materials

are to be delivered by 20t dump truck. TY320 bulldozer is used for paving, 18t
vibrating roller for rolling compaction with small ramming machine and manual
tamping being and auxiliary part.
8.4.3.3 Excavation of underground cavern
8-29
Layout of construction access road: excavation of construction access road in

the powerhouse and the main transformer room mainly includes cable tunnel,
A10 construction adit, main access tunnel and tailrace tunnel. Wherein, cable
tunnel enters into the main powerhouse through A10 construction adit, bottom
elevation of the main powerhouse is 1391m, bottom elevation of the main
access tunnel is 1370.85m and bottom elevation of the tailrace tunnel is
1354.0m, which individually undertakes dreg withdrawal of through excavation of
the main powerhouse and transformer room.
In which, the construction access road of the layer I in the powerhouse is: cable
tunnel→A10 construction adit→main powerhouse;
The construction access road of the layer II in the powerhouse is: cable tunnel
→A10 construction adit→main powerhouse;
The construction access roads of the layer III to layer V in the powerhouse are:
cable tunnel →A10 construction adit→main access tunnel→main powerhouse;
The construction access roads of the layer VI to layer VII in the powerhouse are
tailrace tunnel →main powerhouse;
Excavation of construction access road from layer I to layer IV of the main

transformer room is the same as that of the main powerhouse.
The underground powerhouse is 31.5 meters in height and shall be excavated

by seven layers from top to bottom. Layer I shall be excavated in two procedures:
middle pilot tunnel for the first procedure and extending excavation at both sides
for the second procedure, three-arm drill jambo and hand drill used shall be
adopted for drilling and blasting and smooth blasting shall be carried out for the
surrounding areas. The footage driving cycle shall be controlled within 1.0 to
3.0m. The wastes shall be transported by 3m3 side-dumping loader provided
with 25t articulated dump truck through A10 cable tunnel out of the tunnel.
Construction shall be carried out from the middle groove to the side wall for layer
II and wastes shall be transported through A10 cable tunnel out of the
tunnel. Benching drilling for channel excavated in the middle of layer III and layer
V shall be carried out by ROC-D7 hydraulic drill by layers and the borehole depth
shall be controlled within 4m and bench blasting shall be adopted; protective
layer at the bottom shall be provided with smooth blasting, the bench height shall
8-30
be controlled within4 to 8m; 2.5m and 1.0m protective layers shall be reserved
for the side wall which shall be provided with vertical drilling and blasting by hand
drill and smooth blasting shall be carried out for the surrounding areas. The
footage driving cycle shall be controlled within 1.0 to 3.0m. The wastes shall be
transported by 3m3 side-dumping loader provided with 25t articulated dump
truck through main access tunnel A10 cable tunnel out of the tunnel; and
part of the wastes may be transported by side-dumping loader provided with 20t
dump truck through the main access tunnel out of the tunnel. Step drilling for
channel excavated in the middle of layer VI and layer VII shall be carried out by
ROC-D7 hydraulic drill by layers and the borehole depth shall be controlled
within 4m and bench blasting shall be adopted; protective layers at the bottom
shall be provided with smooth blasting with the bench height being controlled
within 1 to 2m; 2.5m and 1.0m protective layers shall be reserved for the side
wall which shall be provided with vertical drilling and blasting by hand drill and
smooth blasting shall be carried out for the surrounding areas.
The main transformer room is 25.8m in height and shall be excavated by four
layers from top to bottom. The construction method of layer I to layer III is the
same as that of the main powerhouse. Vertical drilling-and-blasting and smooth
blasting by hand drill shall be adopted for side wall and protective layer at the
bottom of layer IV and bench height shall be controlled within 1.0m. The wastes
shall be discharged from the cable outlet tunnel.
Excavation of the main access tunnel shall be carried out by 2

heading-and-bench operations at one time and its drilling shall be carried out by
three-arm drill jambo provided with manual charging. Smooth blasting shall be
adopted for surrounding areas. The footage driving cycle shall be controlled
within 1.0 to 5.0m. The wastes shall be transported by 3m3 side-dumping loader
provided with 20t dump truck to the spoil area.
Excavation of the tailrace tunnel shall be carried out by one heading-and-bench

operation after another and its drilling shall be carried out by three-arm drill
jambo provided with manual charging. Smooth blasting shall be adopted for
surrounding areas. The footage driving cycle shall be controlled within 1.0 to
5.0m. The wastes shall be transported by side-dumping loader provided with 20t
articulated dump truck for discharging.
8-31
Full-face excavation shall be adopted for cable tunnel with three-arm drill jambo
or hand drill for drilling and smooth blasting for surrounding areas. The footage
driving cycle shall be controlled with 1.0 to 5.0 m. The wastes shall be
transported by 2.3m3 side-dumping loader provided with 25t articulated dump
truck for discharging.
8.4.3.4 Concrete construction
Procedure for concrete construction of main powerhouse is: pre-phase placing in

installation room; concrete placing in unit-block shall be in echelonment increase
as 1# machine, 2# machine, 3# machine and 4# machine; construction of
rock-anchored beam concrete shall be carried out after excavation completion of
layer III of powerhouse and main transformer room; place in other positions shall
be placed at appropriate time provided that the tunnel is available. Concrete
under the main valve layer in the nian powerhouse (under EL.1361) shall be
placed by 7 layers. Concrete above the main valve layer in the main powerhouse
(above EL.1361) such as the operation layer, generator floor, turbine floor，and
internal access tunnel, internal cable tunnel, emergency access, main
transformer room and so on shall be transported by the mixing truck through
main access tunnel and to the warehouse by pump and provided with the
insertion-type vibrator. The form shall be bulk steel template and wooden form in
some areas.
Lining concrete in the tailrace tunnel, main access tunnel and cable tunnel shall
be transported by concrete mixer to construction position and to the warehouse
by concrete pump and spread by manual and provided with φ50 insertion-type
flexible shaft vibrator for vibration. The form shall be bulk steel template and
wooden form in some areas.
8.4.5 Installation of electromechanical equipment
This project is underground powerhouse, in which four impulse units with

individual 210MW capacity are installed and the total installed capacity is
840MW. Mechanical and electrical installation works mainly comprise installation
of turbine, generator, main transformer, and bridge crane etc.
8.4.5.1 Turbine installation
Bridge crane shall be used for hoisting of turbine components, the main shaft
8-32
and the erectning wheel shall be hoisted in place in the turbine pit after being
coupled in the installation room. And formal installation of the water deflection
structure of the turbine and other components.
8.4.5.2 Generator installation
Generator installation include stator assembly, rotor assembly and general

installation of the generator.
(1) Assembly of generator stator
Stator core lamination shall be firstly carried out followed by the magnetization
test and then the stator core shall be hoisted into the generator pit, in which
circular platform shall be erected for implementation of assembly of end hoop,
setting-in of stator bar, welding the stator ends, perfusion of insulation box and
installation of copper ring lead wire and so on.
(2) Assembly of generator rotor
Welding of rotor spider and the central body shall be firstly carried out and then
lamination of rotor yoke. After the rims are all compressed tightly, rotor cold
keying and thermal keying shall be carried out and then, brake ring shall be
installed. Finally, after passing insulation resistance test, AC impedence test, DC
resistance test and AC Withstand voltage test carried out for the stator winding,
the rotor shall be hoisted into the generator pit.
(3) General installation of the generator
General installation of the generator comprises main shaft hoisting and coupled
with the turbine, installation and adjustment of lower bracket, thrust and lower
guide bearing and installation of its oil groove components, rotor hoisting,
installation of upper bracket and guide bearing, installation of collector ring and
inspection and adjustment of axis of the unit and shall be carried out by following
procedure:
① Host the lower bracket, and place second phase concrete for its
soleplate shall be placed for its soleplate.
② Install thrust bearing and hoist main shaft of the generator.
③ Hoist he generator rotor with two bridge cranes of the powerhouse into
the generator pit for connection with the main shaft
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④ Hoist and adjust the upper bracket
⑤ Adjust barring axis of the unit and place second phase concrete for the
stator
8.4.5.3 installation of the main transformer
The main transformer room shall be provided with 13 single-phase transformer,

among which, one is the spare.
The main transformer body shall be directly unloaded to an embedded

installation soleplate or embedded rail to expel out of the nitrogen of itself and
vacuum-pumping shall be carried out immediately after that. Insulating oil shall
be injected from the valve at the bottom of the generator, and then installation of
cooler (or cooling system), oil conservator and gas relay shall be conducted.
Finally, sealing test shall be carried out.
8.4.5.4 Installation of bridge crane and auxiliary equipment in the main

powerhouse
The main powerhouse shall be provided with 2 bridge cranes with monorail
trolley 220/25/10t, whose span is 23m. Assembly of all components of the bridge
crane shall be carried out on the orbit plane. Loading bridge and the traveller
shall be hoisted by hoisting equipment used in civil construction of the main
powerhouse. Slide wire bracket shall be fixed in the embedded parts of the
bridge crane beam, connections of all electrical equipment shall be carried out
as shown in the drawing. Loading test for bridge crane shall be carried out after
installation completion.
8.4.6 Fabrication and installation construction of metal structure
Equipment in metal structure shall be located at ecological base flow, diversion

bottom outlet, spillway, grit chamber, intake and tailrace tunnel exit of the power
station. Quantities of metal structures are about 1923 tons. Fabricating and
installation construction of metal structures include: fabricating and installation of
sluice gate, trash rack, pressure steel lining and steel pressure pipe and
installation of hoisting equipment.
The site shall be provided with metal struture manufacturing plant, all sluice
gates, trash racks, pressure steel linings and steel pressure pipes shall be
manufactured in the plant, hoisting equipment is purchased from the external.
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Installation of sluice gate: scaffold erection is adopted for construction when

height of the gate slot H <15m, and homemade construction work platform is
adopted for installation.
Transportation in steel pipe tunnel shall be carried out by 8t winch to pull the
transport truck, MQ900 gantry crane for unloading，50t truck-mounted crane to
cooperate with overturn of MQ900 gantry crane, and MQ900 gantry crane for
loading and hoisting.
8.5 Construction Transportation
8.5.1 External Transportation
Suki- Kinari Hydropower Project is located at Kunhar River in Khyber –

Pakhtunkhwa Mansehra District of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, the project
lies between Naran and Paras, and the damsite is 256 away from Islamabad.
The project area is located at original roadside from Punjab plain to Gilgit-
Hunza and Baltistan. Starting from Islamaba via Abbottabad, Mansehra and
Balakot Highway, damsite can be seen, so the external transportation is very
convenient. Cement, rebar, steels, timbers and diesel and gasoline and so on to
be used in this project can be purchased in Islamabad and transported delivered
to the construction site.
The original N15 national road at left side of the dam needs to be rebuilt. See
“Chapter X Traffic Design” for details of its design.
8.5.2 Internal transportation
As required by the project, 4 permanent roads, 24 temporary roads, 8

construction adits, one bridge across Kunhar River and 19 auxiliary bridges
across Kunhar River and gully shall be built.
(1) Permanent and temporary roads in head of pivot
Roads in head of pivot include 1 newly-built permanent road and 15 temporary

roads. See Table 8.5-1 for details of these roads.
8-35
Table 8.5-1 Layout Schedule of Roads in Head of Pivot
Chara
Length Width cteristi
No. Item Pavement Type Remark
(m) (m) c
Bituminous perma Link permanent road

1 L1 4200 10
Concrete nent N15 dam
Clay-bound Temp From jetty head in the
2 L2 675 10 orary
macadam left bank to spillway
3 L3 810 10
macadam orary left bank to spillway
4 L4 70 10
Temp From jetty head in the
5 L5 81 Sand-gravel 10
orary left bank to spillway
6 L6 195 10
Clay-bound Temp From the left bank to
7 L7 434 10
macadam orary the spoil area B
Clay-bound Temp From the left bank to
8 L8 830 8
macadam orary the spoil area C
9 R1 700 10
macadam orary right bank to spillway
10 R2 1310 10
11 R3 2300 10
Clay-bound Temp From the right bank
12 R4 254 10
macadam orary to the spoil area
Temp From the right bank
Clay-bound
13 R5 4832 10 orary to A4 adit and spoil
macadam
area C
14 R12 329 6
8-36
Chara
Length Width cteristi
No. Item Pavement Type Remark
(m) (m) c

15 R13 1027 8
16 R14 635 8
Sub-total 18682
(2) Permanent and temporary roads leading to tunnel group
There are 8 adits and one temporary steel bridge across river. Permanent and
temporary roads leading to tunnel group include roads leading to main shaft
bottom and top, roads leading to access tunnel and roads leading to tailrace
tunnel and others. See Table 8.5-2 for details of these roads.
Table 8.5-2 Layout Schedule of Roads Leading to Tunnel Group
Characteristi
Lengt Pavement Width
No. Item c Remark
h(m) Type (m)
Bituminous
1 A7 5200 8 Permanent Link r9 and a7 adit
concrete
Bituminous Link bridges at the right bank,
2 R9 6240 10 Permanent
concrete cable tunnel and a8 adit
Temporary Link trestle across the river
3 A1 600 Macadam 10
and n15 road
Temporary Link trestle across the river to
4 A2 400 Macadam 10
Entrance of a2 adit
Sand-grav Temporary Link trestle across the river to
5 A3 732 10
el 8+00 of entrance of a3 adit
6 A4 520 Macadam 10
11+00 of entrance of a4 adit
7 A5 411 Macadam 10
14+50 of entrance of a5 adit
Temporary For waste discharging of a6
8 A6 3342 Macadam 10
adit
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Temporary Link switching station and a8

9 A8 1650 Macadam 8
adit
Temporary Link tailrace bridge at the
10 R7 547 Macadam 10
right bank and tailrace
Temporary
Link switching station and
11 R8 3500 Macadam 8
upper part of the shaft
Sub-total 23142
(3) Roads across Kunhar River Bridge at the tailrace outlet and roads
leading to switching station
Kunhar River Bridge at the tailrace outlet is located at about 4 kilometers away
from the downstream of the powerhouse and across Kunhar River and its
access passage of the in and out of the powerhouse. Road to be broadened and
mended on the basis of the current roads is 6.7km in total from Kunhar River
Bridge to the switching station; road to be rebuilt is 3.0km from tailrace bridge to
the owner’s camp. See “Chapter X Traffic Design” for more details.
8.6 Overall Construction Layout
8.6.1 Air, water and power supply and construction communication
8.6.1.1 Air supply system for construction
According to distribution of spillway, dam and intake, diversion tunnel,

underground powerhouse, construction adit and others, 4 fixed wind- supply
stations are to be set at left and right banks of upstream and downstream
spillway; air supply for diversion tunnel, shaft, underground powerhouse and
tailrace tunnel shall be provided mainly by drill with self-containing high-pressure
air and mobile air-supply equipment as the complement to meet construction
needs on site.
8.6.1.2 Water supply system for construction
Water to be used in this project shall be mainly provided by small water retaining
dam constructed at gullies of the work area or pumped from KUNHAR RIVER.
Production water shall be used for construction positions after being directly
diversed into the sedimentation basin; domestic water is diversed into the
clean-water basin for domestic use after being diversed in full-automatic water
purification device. One 500m3 impounding reservoir shall be set at left and right
8-38
banks of the dam abutment with 2881.5m elevation, which is mainly used for
cooling and supporting water of the air compressor during excavation of spillway
and dam foundation and water-consuming facilities for dam body filling in the
later phase.
(1) Consumption of water for construction
Production water is mainly water used in dam body filling, production water of for
sand-gravel system, concrete mixing water. Detailed water consumption is
shown in Table 8.6-1.
Table 8.6-1 Schedule of Water Consumption of all Positions
Production Domestic Water

Water Supply Area Water Source
Water (m 3/d) (m3/d)
KUNHAR RIVER
Head production camp Water pumped from 2500
KUNHAR RIVER
KUNHAR RIVER
Construction area for
Water pumped from 250
diversion structure
KUNHAR RIVER
KUNHAR RIVER
Construction area for A1 adit Water pumped from 50
KUNHAR RIVER
Artesian water from the
Head living camp 160
gully
Head owner’s camp 10
gully
Water pumped from
Construction camp in A2 adit 100 20
Kunhar River
KUNHAR RIVER
Construction camp in A3 adit Water pumped from 150 20
Kunhar River
Kunhar river
Construction camp in A4 adit Water pumped from 100 20
Kunhar River
Construction camp in A5 adit Artesian water from the 100 20
8-39
Production Domestic Water

Water Supply Area Water Source
Water (m 3/d) (m3/d)
gully
gully
Construction camp for Artesian water from the
450 15
pressure regulating shaft gully
gully
Construction camp in Artesian water from the
450 20
switching station gully
Construction camp for Artesian water from the
600 40
tailrace gully
Tail living area 180
gully
Water pumped from tail
Tail owner’s camp 30
artesian water
Kunhar river
Tail production camp Water pumped from 2000
Kunhar River
(2) Water treatment method
Considering that requirements for production water and domestic water are
different, production water only need to be precipitated, while, domestic water
has to be treated by integral water purifier.
8.6.1.3 Construction power supply
Total electricity load of the project is 17MW, wherein production load accounts for
14.5MW and domestic load is 2.5MW. Connecting from the local power grid and
diesel generator for auxiliary power supply is to be used. Layout of power supply
is as follows:
(1) 1# power supply station: Connect highway high-voltage line, erect 11kV
overhead line to head mixing plant, sand-gravel system and construction region
of comprehensive fabrication plant, and install one 1250KVA transformer and
provide three 500kW diesel generators.
8-40
overhead line to upperstream of the underport spillway at the right bank, and
install one 800KVA transformer and provide two 400kW diesel generators to
meet construction power consumption of upperstream of the spillway, right bank
of the dam, intake and grit basin.
overhead line to downstream of the underport spillway at the right bank and near
A1 adit entrance, install one 800KVA transformer and provide two 560kW diesel
generators. Lay 11kV high-voltage cable in the adit.
(4) 4# power supply station: Install one 500kW diesel generator on the
upperstream of the surface outlet spillway to meet production power
consumption of this position.
(5) 5# power supply station: Install one 560kW diesel generator on the
downstream of the surface outlet spillway to meet production power
consumption of downstream of the spillway and left bank of the dam.
overhead line to the contractor’s head living camp, install one 800KVA
transformer and provide one 1030kW diesel generator to meet living power
consumption of head owner’s camp and contractor’s living camp.
overhead line near to A2 adit entrance, install one 500KVA transformer and
provide two 560kW diesel generators. Lay 11kV high-voltage cable at the adit
entrance.
overhead line near to A3 adit entrance, install one 400KVA transformer, provide
one 400kW diesel generator and lay 11kV high-voltage cable in the adit.
two 500kW diesel generators and lay 11kV high-voltage cable in the adit.
three 400kW diesel generators and lay 11kV high-voltage cable in the adit.
8-41
provide three 500kW diesel generators and lay 11kV high-voltage cable in the
adit.
provide three 500kW diesel generators and lay 11kV high-voltage cable in the
adit.
overhead line near to entrance of pressure regulating shaft, install one 630KVA
transformer and provide one 560kW diesel generator and lay 11kV high-voltage
cable in the adit.
provide two 560kW diesel generators to meet construction, production and living
power consumption of A7 adit and diversion tunnel and pressure regulating shaft
it belongs to and lay 11kV high-voltage cable in the adit.
provide one 560KVA diesel generator to meet construction and production power
consumption of A8 adit and the pressure regulating shaft it belongs to and lay
11kV high-voltage cable in the adit.
overhead line near to cable tunnel entrance, install one 1250KVA transformer
and provide two 850kW diesel generators to meet construction, production and
living power consumption of cable tunnel, main powerhouse and main
transformer room and lay 11kV high-voltage cable in the tunnel.
(17) 17# power supply station: Connect highway high-voltage line, erect 11KV
overhead line to contractor’s end tail living camp and install one 800KVA
transformer and provide one 700kW diesel generator.
overhead line to tail owner’s living camp and install one 315KVA transformer and
8-42
provide one 220kW diesel generator.
overhead line near to main access tunnel entrance, install one 1000KVA
transformer, provide two 1030kW diesel generators to meet production and living
power consumption of main access tunnel, tailrace tunnel, main powerhouse
and main transformer room and lay 11KV high-voltage cable in the tunnel.
overhead line near to the tail comprehensive fabricating plant and install one
315KVA transformer and provide one 220kW diesel generator.
overhead line near to tail sand-gravel system, install one 1000KVA transformer
and provide two 560kW diesel generators.
8.6.1.4 Construction communication system
Combinations of wire and wireless, fixed and mobile communication for

construction are adopted for the project in that it crosses a wide region and has a
long span.
Two central communication transfer stations shall be set up in the work area,
and wire and wireless phones shall be installed upon application to the local
telecommunication organizations to provide communication with the owner,
engineer, designer and other external communications. Meanwhile,
program-controlled telephone system shall be installed in tunnels to ensure
contact between the underground cavern and tunnel entrance.
8.6.2 Gravel Processing and Concrete System
8.6.2.1 Gravel processing system
It is prepared to set two processing systems for gravel material: gravel

processing system respectively at the head and the tail. The gravel processing
system at the head employs the quarry stone exploited from the riverbed for the
processing, mainly for the production of the fine aggregate for concrete
employed by dam, spillway, grit chamber, sand scouring tunnel, water inlet, A
1#-A 6# adit and the corresponding section of water tunnel and parts for the road;
The gravel processing system at the tail employs the material in the designated
limestone yard for the processing, mainly for the production of coarse aggregate
8-43
on the whole project as well as the fine aggregate for concrete in parts like A7
adit, the diversion tunnel at the corresponding part, tailrace tunnel, powerhouse,
surge-chamber, cable tunnel, main access tunnel and switch station.
(1) Design overview
The gravel processing system mainly assumes the production and supply of the
gravel aggregate for concrete in all parts of the project. The total amount of the
conventional concrete, pump concrete, bituminous concrete and jet concrete is
about 1.06 million m3, and the gravel aggregate employed is 2.27 million t in total
roughly. According to the section division of the project, the gravel processing
system at the head plans to produce 7750 thousand t fine aggregate, and the
gravel processing system at the tail plans to produce 1257 thousand t coarse
aggregate and 242 thousand t fine aggregate. The processing capacity of the
system at the head is 90 t / h, and the production capacity is 65 t / h; the
procession capacity is 200 t / h of the system at the tail, and the production
capacity is 170 t / h.
See Table 8.6-2 for the production capacity of the amount of concrete, the gravel
required, the processing capacity of the system and the production capacity of
the finished product of various systems.
Table 8.6-2 Table for Overall Situation of Various Systems

System Amount of Concrete Total Amount of Gravel Procession Capacity (t /
(Ten Thousand m3) Material (Ten Thousand h)
t)
Head 77.5 90
106.5
Tail 149.8 200
The system is set inside each production camp. The gravel processing system at
the head accounts for an area of 7000 m2. The gravel processing system at the
tail accounts for an area of 14 thousand m2.
According to the process flow of the production, the system mainly consists of
unprocessed stone workshop, coarse crushing workshop, medium crushing
workshop, fine crushing workshop and water processing workshop for screening
workshop of various stages as well as the corresponding repair workshop,
dispatching room, duty room, weighbridge room, public health infrastructure and
8-44
other temporary buildings and traffic road inside the site.
The gravel aggregate produced by the gravel processing system at the tail shall
not only meet the requirement of the three-graded concrete and the requirement
of aggregate of two-graded concrete.
(2) Scale of system
1) Total amount of concrete and the required amount of gravel aggregate
See Table 8.6-3-8.6-4 for the content of the aggregate of various grades
Table 8.6-3 Balance Sheet for Aggregate Gradation of Each Grade of

Gravel System at Head
Content of Required Amount of
Aggregate Finished-product Finished-product aggregate

Remark
Fraction Aggregate of Various of Various Grades (Ten
Grades (%) Thousand t)
5～0.15 100 77.5
Table 8.6-4 Balance Sheet for Aggregate Gradation of Each Grade of Gravel
System at Tail
Content of Required Amount of
Aggregate Finished-product Finished-product aggregate

Remark
Fraction Aggregate of Various of Various Grades (Ten
Grades (%) Thousand t)
76～38 5.8 8.35
38～19 31.8 50
19～5 31.8 50
10～5 14.8 21.5
5～0.15 15.8 22.9
2) Pouring intensity of concrete
According to the requirement of tender schedule, the intensity at the peak of the
pouring season of the concrete shall be 111 thousand m 3. The gravel system
shall meet the requirement of the gravel aggregate satisfying the concrete
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pouring intensity mentioned above.
3) Production scale of system
The monthly production of gravel material for finished product shall be 8.14 × 104
t, and the hourly production capacity of the gravel material for finished product
shall be 232 t / h. The gravel system at head plans to produces 70% of the total
fine aggregate, and its production capacity shall be 65 t / h, and the production
capacity of the gravel system at tail shall be 170 t / h.
4) Processing capacity of coarse aggregate
Considering the processing losses, transportation losses, stockpiling losses,

powder losses, uneven coefficient and other comprehensive factors (the losses
of the crushed stone shall be 10% and the artificial sand shall be 25%), and the
processing capacity of the coarse aggregate shall be the following:
The gravel system at head: 90t/ h; the gravel system at tail: 200 t / h.
(3) Process flow
1) Gravel system at head: it shall be designed for the whole production of

fine aggregate for concrete.
The specific process flow shall be the following: exploit the mixture no more than
200 mm in size at the riverbed designated by the owner, and transport the
mixture to the material pit for the coarse aggregate by car. The material pit shall
be equipped with grate for the elimination of pebble with size more than 200 mm,
the coarse aggregate shall be transported by belt conveyor into the storage yard
for semi-finished product, then it shall be transported by belt conveyor into the
screening workshop. The screening workshop for the system shall be set with 2
sets of 3 YKR 1852 round vibration sieve, and the bore diameter shall be set in
40 mm, 5 mm and 3 mm. After the grading of the mixture, the stone larger than 5
mm or the parts in 5-3mm shall be crushed in the medium and fine curshing
workshop, the aggregate larger than 40 mm shall be crushed in PFQ1210
impact crusher, the stone in 3-5 mm and 5-40 mm shall be crushed in PL 1000
vertical impact crusher, and thus the medium and fine workshop for the crushing
of the material forms closed circle with the screening workshop.
2) Gravel system at tail
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It shall be designed for the production of three-graded concrete aggregate, and

the concrete aggregate produced shall be three kinds of coarse aggregates
respectively in size of 76-38 mm, 38-19 mm and 19-5 mm, sand and 10-5
shotcrete-bolt stone.
The specific process flow shall be the following: exploit the stone no more than
700 mm in size at the sandstone yard provided by the owner. The original stone
shall enter into the coarse crushing workshop. After the crushing processing
through C100 jaw crusher (adjust the size of the discharge gate to make sure the
particle size of the discharging less than 180 mm), transport it belt conveyor to
the storage yard for semi-finished product , and then transport it by belt conveyor
to the first careening workshop. The first screening workshop of the system shall
be set with one set of 2YKR2060 round sieve. The bore diameter of the sieve
shall be set respectively in 76 mm and 38 mm. After grading of the mixture, take
part of the aggregate in 76-38 mm into the finished-product storage yard, the
stone beyond 76 mm and the part of the aggregate in 63-38 mm shall be taken
into the medium crushing workshop. The execute the production in closed cycle,
and the remained material smaller than 38 mm after the first workshop shall be
transported into the section screening workshop. The second screening
workshop of the system shall be set with one set of 3YKR2460 round sieve. The
bore diameter of the sieve shall be set respectively in 19 mm, 5 mm and 3mm.
After the grading through the second screening sieve, take the fished-product
aggregate to the finished-product storage yard according to the requirement of
gradation, and take part of the aggregate in 19-5 mm to the third screening
workshop for shotcrete-bolt. The sieved residue shall be transported to the
storage yard for shortcrete-bolt stone finished-product, and the sieved material
shall be transported into the fine crushing workshop. The remained material in
the second screening workshop shall be crushed finely. The system is set with
one set of PL-850 V vertical crusher. The fine crushing workshop and the main
screening workshop thus form a closed circle.
The fine aggregate is produced through the crushing of the aggregate below 38
mm by vertical impact crusher and forms closed production with the main
screening. Considering that the fineness modulus of the sand produced by the
vertical impact crusher is relatively large, and the powder content in the sand is
relatively high during such production, execute appropriate distribution to the 3-5
8-47
mm part which is from the screening workshop so as to adjust the fineness

modulus of the sand. It shall employ the wet-process production.
The system produces the bituminous concrete for part of the road and dam plate.
Since the specification is special and the amount is small, there is no need for
the calculation of strength and production capacity. During the operation stage,
adjust the screen size of the second and the third screening workshop for the
satisfaction of the material requirement.
8.6.2.2 Mixing system of concrete
(1) General layout
The concrete in this project totals for 1.065 million m3, among them the normal
and pump concrete is 775 thousand m3, the jet concrete is 268 thousand m3, and
the bituminous concrete is 22 thousand m3.
The project is prepared to set with 10 sets of mixing station (plant) for concrete
and one for bituminous concrete. The first concrete mixing plant shall consider
the settings of the refrigerating system according to the site situation. In the
earlier stage, the mixing station for the bituminous concrete is set at the
construction camp at the head, and it is relocated to the construction camp at the
tail. See Table 8.6-5 for the specific settings of the mixing station.
Table 8.6-5 Table for Layout of Concrete Mixing System
NO. Position Supply Position Remark

Dam, spillway, grit chamber,
Construction camp at sand scouring tunnel, water Setup of refrigerating
1#
head inlet, 1# adit and the system
corresponding tunnel section
A2 construction A2 adit and the corresponding
2#
camp section of the water tunnel
3#
4#
5#
8-48

6#
A7 adit and the corresponding
A7 construction
7# section of the water tunnel and
camp
part of the pressure shaft
adit, switching station, cable
Construction camp at tunnel, surge-chamber of the
8#
the switching station powerhouse and part of the
pressure shaft
Construction camp at
9# Surge shaft
the shaft
Tailrace tunnel, main access
tunnel and part of the
Construction camp
10# surge-chamber of the
for tail water
powerhouse
The mixing station for

the bituminous
concrete is set at the
Construction camp at Dam plate, access tunnel and construction camp at
11#
head and tail the pavement head, and it is
relocated to the
construction camp at
tail
(2) Production capacity of concrete system
See Table 8.6-6 for the production capacity of various mixing stations (plant)
Table 8.6-6 Summary Sheet for Production Capacity of Various

Mixing Stations (Plant)
Monthly Intensity at Capacity (m3

No. Position Remark
Peak Time (m3 / Month) / h)
Construction camp
1# 16000 60
at head
2# A2 construction 2187 8.2
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camp
A3 construction
3# 3300 12.4
camp
A4 construction
4# 3300 12.3
camp
A5 construction
5# 3280 12.3
camp
A6 construction
6# 4400 16
camp
A7 construction
7# 2300 8.5
camp
Construction camp
8# at the switching 2540 9.5
station
Construction camp
9# 700 5
at the shaft
Construction camp
10# 8100 30
for tail water
The working hour
shall be 8 hours
Construction camp
11# 3000 25 considering the
at head and tail
construction in the
daytime.
(3) Model selection for mixing plant (station)
See Table 8.6-7 for the configuration of the mixing plant (station)
Table 8.6-7 Table for Configuration of Mixing Plant (Station)
Nameplate
Model
No. Position Production (m3/ Remark
Specification
h)
1# 2×1 90
head
2# A2 construction camp HZS35 35
8-50

8# HZS35 35
the switching station
9# HZS25 25
the shaft
Construction camp for
10# HZS60 60
tail water
Mixing station for
11# LB1000 60～80t/h the bituminous
head and tail
concrete
8.6.3 Site Planning for Production and Living
Set up the production and living camp according to the construction

characteristic and layout condition of the project and observing the principle of
acting according to circumstances, conducive to production, convenient for
management and living. See Table 8.6-8 for the layout of the living and
production camp, and the total building area shall be 30640 m2. See Drawing
SK-KY-SH-02 for the general construction layout.
Table 8.6-8 Table for Layout of Construction and Living Camp
Position Building Area (m2) Floor Space (m 2)
Main Living Camp at Head 7650 25000

A2 Construction Camp 1400 3000
Main Living Camp at Tail 9840 30000
8-51
Construction Camp for Surge

1200 3000
Shaft
Construction Camp at the
1400 3000
Switching Station
Construction Camp for Tail Water 2150 4000
8.6.4 Auxiliary Enterprise for Main Construction
8.6.4.1 Comprehensive processing plant
The comprehensive processing plant mainly consists of the processing plant for
rebar, timber and formwork.
(1) Processing plant for rebar
According to the project requirement, set respectively at the head and tail one
integrated rebar processing plant, and meanwhile set at each construction camp
respectively with small rebar processing plant. See Table 8.6-9 for the
processing gross, production capacity, building area and floor space.
Table 8.6-9 Layout of Rebar Processing Plant
Processing
Floor
Total Amount Capacity of Building
Position Space
of Rebar (t) Design Area (m2)
(m 2)
(t / day)
Rebar Processing Plant at Head 15140 30 1000 3000
Rebar Processing Plant at A2

1954 5 300 1000
Construction Camp

2079 7 300 1000
Construction Camp

2525 5 300 1000
Construction Camp

1399 4 300 1000
Construction Camp
8-52
Processing
Floor
Total Amount Capacity of Building
Position Space
of Rebar (t) Design Area (m2)
(m 2)
(t / day)

3516 8.5 300 1000
Construction Camp
Rebar Processing Plant at

505 4 300 1000
Construction Camp for Surge Shaft

2348 7 300 1000
Construction Camp
Rebar Processing Plant at
Construction Camp for the 50 0.3 100 500
Switching Station
Rebar Processing Plant at Tail 10690 34 1000 3000
(2) Processing plant for timber and formwork
The layout for the timber and formwork processing plant shall be the same with
the rebar plant. See Table 8.6-10 for the total processing,
Table 8.6-10 Table for Layout of Timber and Formwork Processing Plant
Project
Floo
Amoun Buildi r
ng Spa
Position t for Area ce
(m 2) (m2)
Formw
ork (t)
Timber and Formwork Processing Plant at Head

96307 500 2000
Timber and Formwork Processing Plant at A2 Construction Camp 2140 200 1000
8-53
Timber and Formwork Processing Plant at Construction Camp for

6243 200 1000
Surge Shaft
Timber and Formwork Processing Plant at Construction Camp for

963 200 1000
the Switching Station
Timber and Formwork Processing Plant at Tail 144236 750 2500
8.6.4.2 Repair, maintenance and parking area for machinery
There shall be set with the repair, maintenance and parking area for mechanical
equipment at the head and tail, mainly assuming the parking and maintenance of
the construction mechanical equipment and vehicle at two work areas, as well as
the medium and minor repair and the processing of the parts of the equipment,
and they respectively covers an area of 4200 m2 and 4000 m2, and the building
area shall be respectively 590 m2 and 650 m2.
8.6.4.3 Integrated warehouse
The integrated warehouse is divided into the central warehouse and the field
warehouse. The central warehouse stores and keeps the material allocated and
employed collectively by the whole work area, including the cement warehouse,
labour insurance warehouse, the tool accessories warehouse, the small
mechanical and electrical equipment warehouse, the office and the duty room.
The building area shall be 1130 m2, and the floor space shall be 6000 m2. There
are two sets of central warehouses and they are located at the main living camp
of the work area. The site warehouse consists of the cement warehouse and the
general warehouse, the building area shall be 545 m2, the floor space shall be
1000 m2, and they are all set at the each construction camp.
8.6.5 Planning for Deposit and Spoil Area
The area at the head is set with 11 spoil areas, among them M spoil area is set
at the upstream of the left bank of the dam, the N, O and K spoil areas area set
at the downstream of the left bank of the dam, and I, A, J, L, B, C and E spoil
areas are set at the downstream of the right bank of the dam.
8-54
There are 5 spoil areas at the tail area, among them the field P is set at the
entrance of A7 adit, the field Q is set at the downstream of the switch station, the
field D and F are set at the upstream of the tailrace outlet and the field R is set at
the downstream of the tailrace outlet.
See Drawing SK-KY-SH-02 for the position of the deposit and spoil area. See
Table 8.6-11 for the planning of each spoil area.
8-55
Table 8.6-11 Table for Planning of Spoil Area

Amount of
Locatio Nam Position for Incoming
Distance (km)
n e Incoming Material Material (Ten
Thousand m ) 3
Distance from the dam = 2.2, distance from the water

Dam, water inlet and
M inlet = 2.5, distance from the high-line spillway = 2.5
spillway
and distance from the low-line spillway = 2.7
Distance from the dam = 1.2, distance from the
N high-line spillway = 1.2, distance from the low-line
Dam, spillway, grit 497.69 spillway = 1.1 and distance from A1 = 0.8
O chamber, A1 adit Distance from N slag field = 0.6
and the water tunnel Distance from the dam = 1.3, distance from the
I at its control section high-line spillway = 1.7, distance from the low-line
spillway = 2.7 and distance from A1 = 1.5
Head
A Distance from I slag field = 0.8
J A2 and A3 adit and Distance from A2 = 0.2 and distance from A3 = 2.6
K the water tunnel at 35.96 Distance from A2 = 0.3 and distance from A3 = 3.7
L their control section Distance from A2 = 1.6 and distance from A3 = 1.8
B A4 and A5 adit and Distance from A4 = 6.5 and distance from A5 = 3.7
the water tunnel at 51.53
C Distance from A4 = 6.1 and distance from A5 = 3.2
their control section
A6 adit and the
E water tunnel at its 33.35 Distance from A6 = 3.4
control section
A7 adit and the
water tunnel and
P 23.37 Distance from A7 = 1.1
surge shaft at its
control section
Switch station, cable
tunnel, main
powerhouse, main
transformer Distance from cable tunnel =1 and distance from A8
Q 54.53
chamber, A8 adit = 2.6
and pressure shaft
Tail
at its control section
and A9 adit
Tailrace tunnel, Distance from tailrace tunnel = 0.5 and distance from
D
access tunnel, access tunnel = 0.5
ground floor of main Distance from tailrace tunnel = 2.1 and distance from
F powerhouse, A10
109.15 access tunnel = 1.5
adit and pressure
shaft and pressure Distance from tailrace tunnel = 2.7 and distance from
R steel pipe at its access tunnel = 2.2
control section
8.7 General Schedule for Construction
8.7.1 Construction Period
8.7.7.1 Total construction period
The project plans for it commencement on August 27, 2014 and completion on
August 26, 2020. The total construction period shall be 72 months.
Considering the temperature being low in winter, the main project shall be
stopped in winter (from late December to middle April in the next year)
8-56
The main milestone time for the project is as the following:
Commencement of project: August 27, 2014;
Closure of river channel: October 10, 2017;
Water conservation at lower sluice: January 15, 2020;
Power generation at the first set of unit: April 28, 2020.
Completion of project: August 26, 2020.
8.7.1.2 Preparation period for project
The preparation period for the project shall be the period between the
preparation of the commencement of the project and the commencement of the
main project on the critical path, which is from August 27, 2014 to August 29,
2015 (the commencement of the cable tunnel), and the preparation period for
the project shall be 12 months.
8.7.1.3 Construction period of the main project
The construction period for the main project shall be the period between the
commencement of the main project and the power generation of the first unit,
which is from August 29, 2015 (the commencement of the cable tunnel) to April
28, 2020 (the power generation of the first unit), and the construction period for
main project shall be 56 months.
8.7.1.4 Completion period for project
The completion period for project shall be the period between the power
generation of the first unit and the completion of the project, and the completion
period shall be 4 months, which is from April 29, 2020 to August 26, 2020.
8.7.2 Construction Schedule
8.7.2.1 Construction schedule for the preparatory project
The preparatory project for the project is mainly the following: mobilization for the
accessing, supplement exploration, measurement and detailed design,
construction road building, water and electricity supply as well as communication
system for construction, gravel production system, concrete mixing system and
A1-A10 construction adit.
The layout of the preparatory project schedule for the construction shall take it as
8-57
premise that it shall not impact the main project, and it shall be executed in
equalization at the condition of fully taking advantage of the resources.
At the date for the commencement of the preparatory project, the mobilization for
accessing shall begin. Where there is condition, the work for the supplement
exploration and measurement shall be developed and the detailed design work
shall be executed.
On October 2014, the construction for road, water and electricity supply as well
as communication system, gravel material production system, concrete
production system, production and living room and other temporarily built facility
shall begin.
The key project for the preparatory project shall be the construction road from
the bridge of Kunhar river to the entrance of the cable tunnel.
8.7.2.2 Construction schedule for diversion project
The project consists of second-phase diversion and the overflowing of the

riverbed of the first-phase diversion. The construction is located at the spillway
and the stilling pool at upper part of the left and right bank, and there is diversion
underport reserved at the nearby of the lower overflowing dam. The first-phase
diversion shall not build the water retaining structures.
The second-phase diversion shall build the cofferdam at the upstream and
downstream on the main riverbed, the cofferdam is used for water retaining, and
the diversion underport established shall be used for drainage.
After the completion of the diversion underport and the concrete pouring of the
low spillway, begin the filling of the upstream cofferdam. On October 1, 2017,
begin the berm promotion, stop the flow on October 10, accomplish the filling
and protection of the rockfill cofferdam on October 30, and accomplish the
controlled grouting of the cofferdam base on December 20.
Begin the filling of the downstream cofferdam after the closure of the
watercourse, accomplish the filling and protection of the rockfill cofferdam on
October 20, 2017, and accomplish the controlled grouting of the cofferdam base
on December 4.
8.7.3 Main Project Schedule
8-58
The main project begins on October 1, 2014 and is completed on October 20,
2020, which mainly includes the construction of the dam, project of water inlet,
diversion tunnel and underground powerhouse, metal structure as well as
equipment installation.
(1) Dam and water inlet project
The dam and water inlet project mainly includes the concrete faced rockfill dam,
low spillway at right bank, upper spillway at left bank and the grit chamber.
The low spillway at right bank and the upper spillway at left bank are located at
the upper part of the watercourse absolved from impact of the flood. Meanwhile,
it has the overflowing condition. After the closure on October 2017, begin the
construction of the base processing of the bituminous concrete faced rodkfill
dam and the dam construction. The butimunious concrete faced rodkfill dam and
the high spillway is accomplished on December 2019 and the construction
period shall be 51 months.
The project for the water inlet and the grit chamber begins the construction on
September 2015, the whole excavation and lining work is accomplished on
December 2018, and the construction shall be 30 months.
(2) Diversion tunnel project
The diversion tunnel shall be in circular section, the inner diameter shall be 6 m,
and the length shall be 19.5 km, which is the controlling engineering at the
project schedule. To meet the requirement of the construction schedule and the
ventilation, it shall employ the scheme of construct the long tunnel by dividing it
into small section. There are 7 adits along the line, and the longest control length
for the adit shall be 4525 m.
When the assessing condition is equipped, begin the construction of the adit on
December 2015. When the construction of the adit reaches the intersection of
the main adit, it shall continue the upstream and downstream construction in two
project surface. The monthly excavation of the diversion tunnel in single project
surface shall be about 100-120 m.
The diversion tunnel begins the excavation on June 2016, it is accomplished on

October 2019, and the construction period shall be 39 months.
The diversion tunnel end shall be surge shaft. After the accomplishment of the
8-59
excavation of the diversion tunnel at the A7 downstream control section, begin

the construction on March 2017, and it shall be accomplished on August 2018.
The pressure shaft shall be behind the surge shaft. The construction shall be
executed in two sections, the upper section is 370 m in height and the lower
section is 400 m in height. The upper section and the lower section shall
respectively begin the construction when A8 and A9 get through to the
corresponding position. The pressure shaft begins the construction on July 2017,
the installation of the steel lining and the backfill of the concrete shall be
accomplished on February 2020.
The construction period of the pressure shaft and the surge shaft shall be 36
months.
(3) Project of underground powerhouse
The underground powerhouse and the main transformer chamber mainly employ
the cable tunnel, A10 construction adit, tailrace tunnel and main access tunnel
as the construction passageway.
The cable tunnel begins the construction on August 2015 and it shall be
accomplished on August 8, 2017, and subsequently it shall begin the
construction of A10 adit; the tailrace tunnel begins construction on January 2015,
and it shall be accomplished on October 2019; the main access tunnel also
begins the construction on January 2015, and it shall be accomplished on
October 2019.
Execute the construction of the powerhouse and the pioneer slot, layer I and
layer II of the main on September 2017, and execute the construction of the rest
layers through the access tunnel and the tailrace tunnel. The construction for the
main powerhouse and the transformer chamber shall be accomplished
respectively on January 2020 and December 2019.
The construction period of the underground powerhouse project, the main

transformer chamber and the construction passageway shall be 53 months.
8.7.4 Installation Project of Metal Structure and Mechanical and Electrical

Equipment
(1) Dam and water inlet project
8-60
After the accomplishment of the building projects at the corresponding position,

the installation of the sluice gate of the low spillway and the open / close
equipment as well the sluice gate of the high spillway and the open / close
equipment shall begin on respectively on June and September in 2019, and the
installation period shall be 4 months in average.
After the accomplishment of the building projects at the corresponding position,

the installation of the sluice gate of the water inlet and the open / close
equipment, the sluice gate of the grit chamber inlet and the open / close
equipment and the sluice gate of the grit chamber outlet and the open / close
equipment shall begin respectively on July 2017, June 2019 and July 2019 ant
the installation period shall be 4 months in average.
(2) Project underground powerhouse
The first unit of the main powerhouse begins the installation of the water turbine
on August 2019, and the installation of the generator shall be on September. The
axis adjustment shall be executed on January 2020, the commissioning on
February 2020 and subsequently it shall be put into operation; the follow-up unit
follow the same procedure, and they the installation of them shall be 2 months
later that the former unit. The installation and the commissioning shall be
accomplished on August 2020.
8.7.5 Closeout
The closeout consists of the project withdraw and other works, and it is arranged
that it shall be executed in August 2020 together with the commissioning of the
unit.
8.7.6 Critical Path
The critical path of the project shall be following: the commencement of the
project → mobilization of accessing → construction road → cable tunnel → A10
construction adit for powerhouse → underground powerhouse → installation of
first unit → installation of second unit → installation of third unit → installation of
fourth unit → closeout → completion of project.
8.7.7 Intensity and Number of Staff at Construction Peak
The intensity and number of staff at construction peak shall be shown as Table
8.7-1
8-61
Table 8.7-1 Intensity and Number of Staff at Construction Peak
No. Item Unit Amount Remark

1 Average monthly intensity at Ten
open excavation peak of Thousand 26.97
earth-rock m3 / month
earth-rock excavation peak Thousand 9.16
m / month
3

earth-rock filling peak Thousand 10.34
m3 / month
concrete pouring peak Thousand 8.95
m3 / month
5 Number of whole staff at peak Staff 3800
6 Total construction period Month 72 6 years
8.7.8 Main Construction Equipment
Table 8.7-2 Table for Allocation of Main Construction Equipment
No. Equipment Name Specification and Model Unit Quantity Remark

1 Truck 5t Set 5
2 Truck 10t Set 5
3 Dump truck 25t Set 25
4 Dump truck 20t Set 50
Full hydraulic and having two
5 Drill jumbo Set 6
arms
Full hydraulic and having three
6 Drill jumbo Set 18
arms
7 Excavating machinery 1 m3 Set 5
10 Loader 2 m3 Set 4
11 Loader 3 m3 Set 4
12 Bulldozer 103kW Set 4
8-62
No. Equipment Name Specification and Model Unit Quantity Remark

13 Bulldozer 132kW Set 5
14 Rockloading machine Set 16
15 Raise-boring machine φ1.2～0.9m Set 2
16 Shotcrete machine Set 18
17 Concrete pump Type 30m3/h Set 21
18 Grouting pump TBW200/40 Set 6
19 Steel form jumbo Set 18
20 Forklift 5t Set 4
21 Pneumatic drill Set 20
22 Hand-held drill Set 30
23 Geological drill Type 150 Set 10
24 Down-the-hole drill QZJ-100B Set 4
25 Hydraulic drill Set 4
26 High-speed slurry mixer ZJ800A Set 8
Tower crane / crawler
27 30t Set 3
crane
28 Crawler crane W-06C Set 2
29 Hanging cage 3~6m 3 Set 6
30 Vibrator Z2D-80 Set 45
31 Concrete mixer truck 6m 3 Set 30
32 Truck crane 15t Set 4
33 Vibration roller 16t Set 8
8-63

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SUKI KINARI HYDROPOWER PROJECT

FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

8.1 CONSTRUCTION CONDITIONS ........................................................................... 1

8.6.5 Planning for Deposit and Spoil Area ................................................... 54

Chapter 8 Construction Planning

8.1.1 Project Conditions

8.1.1.1 Project overview

Suki Kinari Hydropower Project is located on the Kunhar River of Mansehra

8.1.1.2 Project layout

As an underground powerhouse, the powerhouse is on the upstream of Paras

2 Open rock excavation m³ 2901637 \ 662656 3564293

3 Rock hole excavation m³ \ 1453492 1110120 2563611

Earth and rock

5 C20 spayed concrete m² 13104 \ 168 13272

6 C30 spayed concrete m² 135 117168 122164 239467

Anchor rod (including

11 Steel grating t \ 650 1409 2059

12 Steel support t \ 942 1806 2748

13 Backfill grouting m² 150 178823 69074 248047

14 Consolidation grouting m 9253 172480 256013 437745

15 Contact grouting m² 32148 \ \ 32148

16 Curtain grouting m 6437 \ \ 6437

17 Bituminous concrete m3 8499 0 7849 16348

8.1.1.3 Traffic condition

Suki Kinari Hydropower Project is located on the Kunhar River of Mansehra

8.1.2 Natural Conditions

8.1.2.1 Hydrology-weather condition

(1) Weather condition

The weather in the project area is characterized by the climatic optimum in

Table 8.1-2 Weather Characteristic Values of Naran Station

(2) Hydrological condition

Table 8.1-3 Design Flood Results of Dam Site at Different Recurrence

SN Recurrence Interval (Year) Design Flood at Dam (m3/s)

Relation Between the Underdam Water Relation Between Powerhouse Tailwater

8.1.2.2 Topographic and geological condition

(1) Dam site

(2) Diversion line

(3) Powerhouse and tailrace tunnel

8.1.2.3 Supply condition of local building materials

8.1.2.4 Supply condition of outsourced building materials

8.1.2.5 Water and power supply, and construction communication

8.2 Natural Building Materials

8.2.1 Borrow Pits

8.2.1.2 Selection and exploitation

(1) Ranja Bela (limestone) block stone quarry

(2) Shino-Noori (metabasalt) block stone quarry

(3) Mangial Khatta (quartzite) block stone quarry

8.2.2.2 Selection and exploitation

approximately 1.3km on the upstream.

8.2.3 Sand Gravel Stockyards

(1) Kaghan Bela sand stockyard

This stockyard is located approximately 10km on the downstream of the dam

(2) Paras sand stockyard

(3) Ghari Habibullah sand stockyard

(4) Naran sand stockyard

8.2.3.2 Selection and exploitation

8.2.4 Utilization of Excavated Materials

8.3 Construction Diversion, River Closure