UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING

AND TECHNOLOGY, LAHORE

(NAROWAL, CAMPUS)

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGIEERING

CEC&G LAB :
BONDS IN BRICKS ASSIGNMENT
SUBMITTED TO:
ENGR. MUHAMMAD TAHIR
SUBMITTED BY:
MUHAMMAD USMAN RAZA
REGR. NO:
2019-CIV-308
 1.Explain different types of bonds used in brick masonry
1.1 Types of Bonds
The bricks being uniform in size can be arranged in a variety of ways.
The following are the various types of bonds used in brick masonry:
1.1.1 Stretcher Bond

Stretcher bond
In this type of Bond all the bricks are laid as stretchers, that is length wise. This bond is used-
in half brick thick walls.
1.1.2 Header Bond

Header bond
In this bond, all the bricks are laid all headers. The elevation of the wall laid in header bond.
This bond is used for curved surfaces in work such as well lining or well foundation etc.
1.1.3 English bond
This is the most common and popular bond and is used in most of the structures. The English
bond consists of alternate layers of headers and stretchers. That is to say, one layer will be
of stretchers and the other layer of headers.
The following are main features of English bond:

Isometric view of English bond

The alternate courses are of headers and stretchers.
Each alternate header is centrally supported over a stretcher.
If the thickness of a wall is an uneven or odd number of half bricks, there will be best
stretchers on the face and headers on the back, similarly headers on the face and stretchers
on the back of the wall in every course.
If the thickness of the wall is an even number of half bricks, there will be stretchers on the
face and stretchers on the back; similarly, headers on the face and headers on the back every
course of the wall.
The walls having a thickness of two bricks or more will have stretchers or headers on the
face and back of the wall whereas the interior will be filled with header only.
Arrangement of Bricks in English Bond
Two, one brick thick walls meeting at right angles at the corner.

One brick wall meeting at corner

Two one and a half brick walls meeting at right the corner.

One and half brick walls

Two, two bricks thick walls meeting at right angles at the corner.
 Two brick walls
Two walls, one brick thick and one and a half brick thick, meeting at right angles at the
centre (T-junction).

One and half brick in T junctions

Two brick and one and a half brick T-junction, Two, one and a half brick thick walls crossing
each other at right angles.

Wall crossing in English bond

1.1.4 Flemish Bond

Isometric view of double Flemish bond

One brick thick Flemish bond corner

One and half brick corner in Flemish bond

Two brick corner in Flemish bond

 T-junction in Flemish bond

T junctions in Flemish bond

In this type of bond, each course consists of header and structures alternately arranged. The
Flemish bond as of two types, viz, Single Flemish and Double Flemish, the single Flemish
bond consists of Flemish bond on the face of the wall and English bond on the back of the
wall. Whereas the double Flemish bond consists of Flemish bond on the face as well as on the
back of the wall.
Flemish bond admits the use of greater number of brick bats and hence it is economical. But
English bond is stronger than Flemish bond. It is also claimed that Flemish bond is better in
appearance than the English bond.

1.1.5 Dutch Bond

It is a modification over the English bond and consists of alternate courses of headers and
stretchers, except that every stretcher course starts with a three-quarter brick and in every
alternate stretcher course in header is placed after the three-quarter brick.
 Dutch bond
1.1.6 Raking Bond
The walls which are more than two-brick thick will become weaker in longitudinal strength,
as the headers being used in the interior of the wall to increase the transverse strength. This
defect is removed by using raking bond (rake means inclination). In this bond the bricks are
laid at some inclination to the face of the wall.

Raking bond – Herring bone bond, Diagonal

bond
There are two varieties of raking bond, Diagonal bond and Herring bone bond.
(I) Diagonal bond
This type of bond is employed in walls, which are 2 to 4 thick. In this bond, the face bricks
are first laid and then the bricks are laid diagonally. The inclination of the bricks should be
so adjusted that the bricks may be filled without cut ting.
(ii) Herring bone bond
This bond is best suited for walls which are at least 4 bricks thick. In this case, the bricks are
laid at an angle of 45° in both directions, commencing from the centre line.
Raking bond pattern of laying bricks is also sometimes used for laying bricks on the floors.
1.1.7 Garden Wall Bond

English garden bond

Flemish garden bond

There are two types of garden wall bond viz. English Garden Bond and Flemish Garden Bond. In
the English garden bond, one course of headers is used after every three to four courses of
stretchers, whereas in the Flemish garden bond, in each course one header is used after every three
or four stretchers
1.1.8Facing Bond
This bond is used when the bricks for the face work are costlier than the other bricks and as such
the number of face bricks is economized by using more stretchers. This bond is also used when
the thickness of the face and back bricks is different. There are a number of stretcher courses
followed by header courses. The thickness of stretcher courses should be multiple of the thickness
of thinner bricks. For example, the thickness of face bricks is 5 cm and that of back bricks in 3 cm.
Then after three courses of face bricks and five courses of back bricks the height of face and back
bricks will become the same. Now at this height header course should be provided.
2.1 FLEMISH BOND 4.5” CORNER WALL PLANE
2.2 FLEMISH BOND 4.5” STRAIGHT WALL PLAN AND ELEVATION
2.3 FLEMISH BOND 9” CORNER WALL PLANE
2.4 FLEMISH BOND 9” STRAIGHT WALL PLAN AND ELEVATION
3.1 ENGLISH BOND 4.5” CORNER WALL PLANE
3.2 ENGLISH BOND 4.5” STRAIGHT WALL PLAN AND ELEVATION
3.3 ENGLISH BOND 9” CORNER WALL PLANE
3.4 ENGLISH BOND 9” STRAIGHT WALL PLAN AND ELEVATION