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ENGLISH II This material belongs to………………………………………………..

THE PAST
VERB TO BE. ( ser o estar)

AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE
I WAS A TEACHER LAST YEAR. I WAS NOT A BAD TEACHER.
YOU WERE A BOOKISH YOU WERE NOT A SALESPERSON.
STUDENT. SHE WAS NOT AN UGLY GIRL
SHE WAS A GORGEOUS GIRL. HE WASN’T A MEAN BOY.
HE WAS A REMARKABLE BOY. IT WASN’T AN IMPORTANT
IT WAS A LOVELY DAY. DATE.
YOU WERE GOOD STUDENTS YOU WEREN’T LAZY STUDENTS.
WE WERE HARDWORKING WE WEREN’T LIARS.
PEOPLE. THEY WEREN’T CARING
THEY WERE RELIABLE TEACHERS. PARENTS.

OTHER USES OF TO BE.


I WAS HERE YESTERDAY. I WAS COLD.
YOU WERE THERE. YOU WERE HOT.
HE WAS HAPPY. SHE WAS AFRAID OF…
SHE WAS SAD. HE WAS THIRSTY.
WE WERE TIRED. WE WERE SLEEPY.
THEY WERE BORED. THEY WERE HUNGRY.
THERE WAS (singular) THERE ARE
(plural)

There was one teacher in the classroom. There were 30 students


here today.
There was one kilo of meat on the table. There were three bottles
of wine there.
There was one bag of rice in the cupboard. There were two boxes of
chocolate.

INTERROGATIVE FORM
WERE YOU HUNGRY? WERE WE HAPPY? WHERE WERE
YOU?
WAS SHE THERE? WAS TOM COLD? WHO WAS
THERE?
WERE THEY HERE? WAS MARY HOT? WHAT TIME
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WAS IT?
QUESTION WORDS.
WHAT WHY HOW MUCH HOW MANY
WHEN WHICH HOW FAR HOW
WHERE HOW LONG
WHO HOW OFTEN WHAT TIME
HOW OLD HOW TALL
IN THE CLASSROOM….
WHO WAS HAPPY YESTERDAY? WHO WAS NERVOUS IN THE TEST?
WHO WAS SAD? WAS THERE ANY MAN LAST
TERM?
HOW MANY MOTHERS WERE THERE IN THE CLASS LAST TERM?
WERE THERE ANY PEOPLE FROM SANTIAGO LAST TERM?
THE STUDENTS SAY….(examples)
I WAS HAPPY IN THE MORNING. I WAS VERY NERVOUS IN THE
TEST.
I WAS THIRSTY I WAS IN LOVE WITH PETER.
SHE WAS COLD. HE WAS HUNGRY

HAZ PREGUNTAS USANDO LOS QUESTIONS WORDS, DE ACUERDO A


LAS PALABRAS SUBRAYADAS.
Examples:
1.- THEY WERE HERE . .3.- THERE WAS ONE KILO OF SUGAR HERE.
Where were they? a) How many kilos of sugar were there
here?
b) How much sugar was there here?
2.- MY NAME WAS ROSE. IN MY DREAMS.
WHAT WAS YOUR NAME IN YOUR DREAMS?
__________________________________________________________
_______________
EXERCISES.
1.- I WAS 30 YEARS OLD WHEN MY MOTHER DIED.
………………………………………………………………

2.- DELIA WAS 1.70 MT.TALL. WHEN SHE WAS 12.


………………………………………………………………

3.- PAT AND TOM WERE FROM ARGENTINA.


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……………………………………………………………….

4.- IT WAS 4 O’CLOCK. WHEN SHE ARRIVED.


……………………………………………………………….

5.- THERE WERE TWO BOTTLES OF WINE IN THE CUPBOARD.


a) ……………………………………………………………………..
b) ……………………………………………………………………..

6.- SARA WAS 4 BLOCKS FROM HERE LAST YEAR.


……………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………….

7.- MY MUM WAS 17 YEARS OLD. WHEN SHE GOT MARRIED.


………………………………………………………………………

8.- MOST OF MY STUDENTS WERE 21 YEARS OLD LAST YEAR.


……………………………………………………………………………..

9.- MY SWEETHEART WAS HERE WITH JOHN IN THE MORNING.


……………………………………………………………………………….

10.- TED AND SUSSY WERE ENGAGED IN THE YEAR 2004.

……………………………………………………………………………

PAST CONTINUOUS
SUBJECT + VERB TO BE + another VERB (ing) + COMPLEMENT
EXAMPLES. Verb
1.- I WAS STUDYING ENGLISH SOME STUDY
HOURS AGO.
EAT
2.- DELIA WAS EATING AN APPLE AT THE
BREAK. KISS
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3.- PETER WAS KISSING HIS GIRLFRIEND. LIVE (with)

4.- KATE WAS LIVING WITH HER MOTHER. SELL

5.- JOHN AND MARY WERE SELLING THEIR WAIT (for)


HOUSE.
LOOK FOR.
6.- MY SWEETHEART WAS WAITING FOR
ME. DATE (no lleva prep)

7.- WE WERE LOOKING FOR OUR KEYS.

8.- YOU WERE DATING MARIO LAST YEAR.


HAGAMOS PREGUNTAS AHORA CON ESTAS ORACIONES EN PASADO
CONTINUO. Recuerden que la preposiciones en inglés casi siempre van al final
de una pregunta. Ex. Where were you coming from when I saw you in the
morning?
__________________________________________________________
_______________
1.- I WAS STUDYING ENGLISH AT UPLA LAST TERM.
……………………………………………………………………….

2.- DELIA WAS EATING AN APPLE. AT THE BREAK.


…………………………………………………………………………

3.- PETER WAS KISSING HIS GIRLFRIEND.


…………………………………………………………………………

4.- KATE WAS LIVING WITH HER MOTHER. WHEN SHE WAS SINGLE.
…………………………………………………………………………

5.- JOHN AND MARY WERE BUYING SOME FRENCH FRIES.


…………………………………………………………………………………..

6.- MY SWEETHEART WAS WAITING FOR ME.


…………………………………………………………………………………..

7.- WE WERE LOOKING FOR OUR KEYS. THEY WERE LOST.


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…………………………………………………………………………………..

8.- YOU WERE DATING MARIO LAST YEAR


………………………………………………………………………………….

9.- PETER WAS THINKING ABOUT HIS GIRLFRIEND.


…………………………………………………………………………………..

10.- SHE WAS LAUGHING AT JOHN.


…………………………………………………………………………………...

11.- I WAS LOOKING AFTER MY GRANNY. FOR TWO YEARS.


…………………………………………………………………………………..
THE PAST SIMPLE
Esta forma verbal del inglés es un poco más complicada, porque ya obliga a
asimilar otros aspectos que son más abstractos, como los verbos irregulares
por ejemplo.

El presente simple se suele utilizar para referirnos a acciones que tuvieron


lugar en un momento concreto del pasado. En este caso se utilizan
partículas como yesterday (ayer) o last year (el pasado año).

She finished school last year -> Terminó el colegio el pasado año.

También se utiliza el pasado para acciones que ocurrieron en el pasado y


que han finalizado, aunque no se mencione el momento preciso.

Who wrote that letter? -> ¿Quién escribió esta carta?

Para formar el pasado debemos poner el verbo en su forma pasada, y es


aquí donde viene la dificultad. Lo primero, tenemos que distinguir dos clases
de verbos: los regulares y los irregulares. Estos últimos, por su dificultad,
los dejaremos para una próxima lección y nos centraremos en los regulares.
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Reglas para los verbos regulares

Los verbos regulares, para pasarlos al pasado, tienen que acabar en -ed. Esto
como regla general, porque existen las ecepciones que veremos enseguida.

to listen (escuchar) -> listened

Solo tenemos que añadir la d cuando el verbo ya acaba en e.

to change (cambiar) -> changed

Si la última vocal del verbo está formada por consonante-vocal-consonante, y


es en esta última consonante donde recae el acento, tenemos que doblar dicha
consonante. También si el verbo acaba en l tenemos que doblarla.

to stop (parar) -> stopped


to travel (viajar) -> travelled

Negación e interrogación del pasado simple

Para formar las preguntas en el pasado simple nos tenemos que valer del
auxiliar to do en su forma pasada, que es did para todas las personas de la
conjugación. Los verbos que no necesitan auxiliar, como to have, se utilizará
nen pasado (son irregulares).

Did you go to the party? -> ¿Fuistes a la fiesta?

Como se aprecia en el ejemplo, el verbo está en presente. Esto es así porque


el auxiliar es el que indica el pasado, con lo que el verbo principal se pone en
presente. Esto hay que tenerlo muy en cuenta.

Para negar también utilizamos el auxiliar DID, el cual indica que toda la
oración está en pasado acompañándolo con el verbo principal en presente. El
verbo auxiliar se contrae con la partícula not. (DIDN’T)

I didn´t go to the party -> No fui a la fiesta.


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ALGUNOS EJEMPLOS DE VERBOS IRREGULARES SON….

HAGAMOS PREGUNTAS AHORA. LO SUBRAYADO CORRESPONDE A LA


RESPUESTA QUE UDS. VAN A FORMULAR.
QUESTION WORD + AUX + SUBJECT + VERB + COMPLEMENT

1.- My mother bought a new car at KOVAC & CO.


______________________________________________________________

2.- Celia used to smoke 30 cigarettes a day some years ago.


______________________________________________________________

3.- There were 5 thousand pesos in my mother’s purse.


______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

4.- My father lent me 20 thousand pesos yesterday.


______________________________________________________________

5.- Delia was four blocks from here last year.


______________________________________________________________

6.- My sister and her boyfriend were playing with his pet.
______________________________________________________________

7.- We were watching T.V. all night long.


______________________________________________________________

8.- Ted and Sussy sold their house in US$50.000.


______________________________________________________________

9.- Most of my students were 18 years old when they left school.
______________________________________________________________

10.- My nanny got up at six everyday because she served us breakfast.


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_______________________________________________________________

11.- Julia was dating John when she met Peter.


_______________________________________________________________

12.- I behaved very well last night at the party.


_______________________________________________________________

13.- Sheila was wearing a wonderful fur coat last night at the concert.
_______________________________________________________________

14.- I was 1.68 mt.tall when I was 13 years old.


_______________________________________________________________

15.- I had to get up at four yesterday to go to the airport.


_______________________________________________________________

16.-My last name was Smith when I was married to John.


__________________________________________________
VEAN ESTE LINK…. Es un video…

http://www.slideshare.net/nogueherre/past-tense-and-past-continuous

http://www.slideshare.net/marperez/past-simple-past-continuous

PRACTICE
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PASADO SIMPLE v/s PASADO CONTINUO


Se usa el Pasado Continuo para indicar que una acción más larga en el
pasado se vio interrumpida. La interrupción generalmente es más corta en
el Pasado Simple. Recuerden que puede ser una interrupción real o sólo
una interrupción en el momento.

Examples:

 I was watching TV when she called.


 When the phone rang, she was writing a letter.
 While we were having the picnic, it started to rain.
 What were you doing when the earthquake started?
 I was listening to my iPod, so I didn't hear the fire alarm.
 You were not listening to me when I told you to turn the oven off.
 While John was sleeping last night, someone stole his car.
 Sammy was waiting for us when we got off the plane.
 While I was writing the email, the computer suddenly went off.
 A: What were you doing when you broke your leg?
B: I was snowboarding.

TAMBIÈN….
SE USA EL PASADO CONTINUO CON DOS ACCIONES EN LA MISMA
ORACIÒN. EXPRESA LA IDEA QUE AMBAS ACCIONES SUCEDEN AL
MISMO TIEMPO. LAS ACCIONES SON PARALELAS.

Examples:

 I was studying while he was making dinner.


 While Ellen was reading, Tim was watching television.
 Were you listening while he was talking?
 I wasn't paying attention while I was writing the letter, so I made several
mistakes.
 What were you doing while you were waiting?
 Thomas wasn't working, and I wasn't working either.
 They were eating dinner, discussing their plans, and having a good
time.
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PAST SIMPLE or PAST CONTINUOUS???


1. When I saw Dave, he __________.
is working
worked
was working

2. You had a good time at the party, __________ you?


hadn't
didn't
weren't

3. __________ when the telephone rang?


Were you sleeping
Did you sleep
Were sleeping

4. Dave, when __________ the ESL Cafe on the Web?


were you begin
began
did you begin

5. You __________ me, did you?


understood
weren't understanding
didn't understand

6. When __________ yesterday morning?


you got up
did you get up
were you getting up

7. While I __________ to work, I saw an accident.


drove
was driving did drive
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8. __________ well on this quiz?


Did you
Were you
Did you do

OBJECT PRONOUNS.

"Object Pronouns" (Pronombres Objetos) son pronombres que


reciben la acción del verbo.  Vienen después del verbo o
después de una preposición.

Subject Object
  Pronouns     Pronouns  
I me
you you
he him
she her
it it
they them
we us
EJEMPLOS…
1.- I LOVE YOU AND YOU LOVE ME.
2.- TELL HER THE TRUTH.
3.- TELL PETER I LOVE HIM. (TELL HIM I LOVE HIM)
4.- WHY DON’T YOU GIVE US THE MONEY?
5.- I SENT THEM THE PARCEL THEY NEEDED.
6.- SAY THE TRUTH. SAY IT!!
7.- MARY TOLD HIM TO WAIT.
Haz un cìrculo en la forma correcta.

1) We/Us usually see they/them.

2) I/Me write to she/her everyday.

3) He/Him loves her/she very much but she/her doesn’t love he/him.
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4) Please don’t wait for she/her. 5) Do you like he/him?

Exercises.

Homework / Tarea

JUEGO ON LINE.

http://www.esl-galaxy.com/boardgames/new/pastcontinuousboardgame.pdf

READING COMPREHENSION TEXT.

The Death Car

    It was a cold night in September. The rain was drumming on the car roof as
George and Marie Winston drove through the empty country roads towards
the house of their friends, the Harrisons, where they were going to attend a
party to celebrate the engagement of the Harrisons' daughter, Lisa. As they
drove, they listened to the local radio station, which was playing classical
music.
     They were about five miles from their destination when the music on the
radio was interrupted by a news announcement:
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     "The Cheshire police have issued a serious warning after a man escaped
from Colford Mental Hospital earlier this evening. The man, John Downey, is a
murderer who killed six people before he was captured two years ago. He is
described as large, very strong and extremely dangerous. People in the
Cheshire area are warned to keep their doors and windows locked, and to call
the police immediately if they see anyone acting strangely."
     Marie shivered. "A crazy killer. And he's out there somewhere. That's
scary."
     "Don't worry about it," said her husband. "We're nearly there now.
Anyway, we have more important things to worry about. This car is losing
power for some reason -- it must be that old problem with the carburetor. If
it gets any worse, we'll have to stay at the Harrisons' tonight and get it fixed
before we travel back tomorrow."
     As he spoke, the car began to slow down. George pressed the accelerator,
but the engine only coughed. Finally they rolled to a halt, as the engine died
completely. Just as they stopped, George pulled the car off the road, and it
came to rest under a large tree.
     "Blast!" said George angrily. "Now we'll have to walk in the rain."
     "But that'll take us an hour at least," said Marie. "And I have my high-
heeled shoes and my nice clothes on. They'll be ruined!"
     "Well, you'll have to wait while I run to the nearest house and call the
Harrisons. Someone can come out and pick us up," said George.
     "But George! Have you forgotten what the radio said? There's a homicidal
maniac out there! You can't leave me alone here!"
     "You'll have to hide in the back of the car. Lock all the doors and lie on the
floor in the back, under this blanket. No-one will see you. When I come back,
I'll knock three times on the door. Then you can get up and open it. Don't
open it unless you hear three knocks." George opened the door and slipped out
into the rain. He quickly disappeared into the blackness.
     Marie quickly locked the doors and settled down under the blanket in the
back for a long wait. She was frightened and worried, but she was a strong-
minded woman. She had not been waiting long, however, when she heard a
strange scratching noise. It seemed to be coming from the roof of the car.
     Marie was terrified. She listened, holding her breath. Then she heard
three slow knocks, one after the other, also on the roof of the car. Was it
her husband? Should she open the door? Then she heard another knock, and
another. This was not her husband. It was somebody -- or something -- else.
She was shaking with fear, but she forced herself to lie still. The knocking
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continued -- bump, bump, bump, bump.


     Many hours later, as the sun rose, she was still lying there. She had not
slept for a moment. The knocking had never stopped, all night long. She did
not know what to do. Where was George? Why had he not come for her?
     Suddenly, she heard the sound of three or four vehicles, racing quickly
down the road. All of them pulled up around her, their tires screeching on the
road. At last! Someone had come! Marie sat up quickly and looked out of the
window.
     The three vehicles were all police cars, and two still had their lights
flashing. Several policemen leapt out. One of them rushed towards the car as
Marie opened the door. He took her by the hand.
     "Get out of the car and walk with me to the police vehicle, miss. You're
safe now. Look straight ahead. Keep looking at the police car. Don't look back.
Just don't look back."
     Something in the way he spoke filled Marie with cold horror. She could not
help herself. About ten yards from the police car, she stopped, turned and
looked back at the empty vehicle.
     George was hanging from the tree above the car, a rope tied around his
neck. As the wind blew his body back and forth, his feet were bumping gently
on the roof of the car -- bump, bump, bump, bump.

1. Where were the Winstons going a) home


when this incident happened? b) to Colford Mental
Hospital
c) to a party
d) to the police
station
2. What was the a) Six people, including John Downey,
reason for the news had been murdered.
announcement on the b) A dangerous prisoner had escaped.
radio? c) The police were warning of
accidents on the roads in the bad
weather.
d) Some people had been seen acting
strangely in the Cheshire area.
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3. What did George think a) the carburetor


was causing the trouble b) the rain drumming on
with the car? the roof
c) the accelerator
d) he had no idea
4. Why did he pull the a) to have a rest
car off the road? b) to go for a walk
c) to walk to the
nearest house
d) it broke down
5. Why did a) She was afraid to go out
Marie stay in in the dark.
the car when b) So no-one would steal the
George left? car.
c) Her clothes weren't
suitable for the rain.
d) She wanted to get some
sleep.
6. Where did George set off to a) the Mental
walk to? Hospital
b) the nearest
house
c) the Harrisons'
house
d) the police
station
7. What made Marie a) There was a strange sound
so frightened as she coming from the roof.
waited in the car? b) She could see a man acting
strangely outside the car.
c) Some police cars came racing
down the road.
d) She was afraid of the rain and
the dark
8. Why did the policeman a) He didn't want her to see the
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tell her not to look back body of her husband.


when he brought her out of b) The killer was waiting behind
the car? her.
c) He wanted her to forget
everything that had happened
during the night.
d) He didn't want her to see the
damage done to the car
9. Marie says, "There's a homicidal maniac a) terrible
out there!" What does "homicidal maniac" storm
mean? b) busy road
c) crazy killer
d) policeman
10. In "Several policemen leapt out," "leapt" a) threw
means b) jumped
c) shouted
d) drove

VOCABULARY. THE DEATH CAR.


DRUM: to hit a surface regularly and make a sound like a drum, or to make
something do
this // beat, pound.
ROOF: the covering that forms the top of a building, vehicle, etc. //
ceiling. (the inside surface of a room which you can see when you look above
you)
EMPTY: bare, clear, hollow, void.-
Barefeet (pies pelados)
ENGAGEMENT: commitment, compromise.
ISSUE: announce, broadcast, publish.
WARN(v): alert (v), notify, signal (v)
WARNING: notice, signal (noun)
ESCAPE: flee, run away.
MURDER: kill, slay, assassinate, butcher.
MURDERER: killer, slayer, assassin.
IMMEDIATELY: at once, right away, straight away.
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SHIVER: When people or animals shiver, they shake slightly because


they feel cold, ill or frightened …
“The poor dog - it's shivering!”
“He shivered with cold in his thin cotton shirt”
SCARY: frightening.
SCARED: frightened, afraid.
NEAR: close to, next to, by, beside.
COUGH: to force air out of your lungs through your throat with a short
loud sound.
“The smoke made me cough.”
“I coughed all night long”
SNEEZE: When you sneeze, air and often small drops of liquid suddenly
come out of your nose and mouth in a way you cannot control
“Cats make him sneeze - I think he's allergic to the fur.”
ROLL: flow, run.
HALT: to (cause to) stop moving or doing something or happening
"Halt!" called the guard. "You can't go any further without a permit."
“Security forces halted the demonstrators by blocking the road.”
PULL OFF: If a vehicle pulls off, it starts moving
“The car pulled off and sped up the road.”
KNOCK: hit, bang.
SETTLE: establish, install.
STRONG-MINDED: determined and unwilling to change their opinions
and beliefs
STILL: staying in the same position; not moving
“Children find it difficult to sit/stand/stay still for very long.”
“I can't brush your hair if you don't keep/hold still.”
TIRE: wheel
LEAP: bounce, jump, hop.
TIE: fasten, bind.

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