Module 2 Bernoulli's Equation

ENERGY EQUATION (BERNOULLI’S EQUATION)

The energy of the flowing fluid per unit time passing any upstream section is
the same as the energy per unit time passing any downstream section plus the loss of
head between two section.

BERNOULLI’S EQUATION
where:
V

2g
= velocity (dynamic) head
P

γ
= pressure (static) head

z = elevation (gravitational) head

HL = head loss

1. TYPES OF STEADY FLOW IN PIPES

2. Laminar flow ( Re 2000)
3. Turbulent flow ( Re 4000)

note: above 2000 and below or equal to 4000 is the transition zone where the
flows neither laminar nor turbulent.
1. REYNOLDS NUMBER (Re)

Reynolds number is a dimensionless parameter equal to the ratio of the

inertia forces to the friction forces.
VD
Re =
μk

Where:
μd
μk =
ρ

2
fρV
Ss =
8

where:

V = means velocity

D = diameter of the pipe

μd =dynamic viscosity

μk = kinematic viscosity

ρ = density

y = specific weight

NOTE: FOR NON-CIRCULAR CROSS-SECTION

4V r
Re =
γ

where:

R = hydraulic radius

R = A/P

A = across-sectional area

P = wetted perimeter

D = diameter (D= 4Rh)

1. MAJOR HEAD LOSSES IN PIPES

2. LAMINAR FLOW (HAGEN-POISEUILLE EQUATION)

32μd LV
hf = 2
γD

2. TURBULENT FLOW (DARCY-WEISBACH EQUATION)

3.

2
fLV
hf =
2gD

2
0.083fLQ
hf = 5
D

3. TURBULENT FLOW (MANNY –CHEZY EQUATION)

2 2
6.35n LV
hf =
4

D 3

2 2
10.3n LQ
hf =
16

D 3

4. TURBULENT FLOW (HAZEN- WILLIAM’S EQUATION)

1.85
10.67LQ
hf = 1.85 4.87
C D
WHERE: Q = DISCHARGE RATE (m³/s)

FOR VIDEOS, CLICK THE FOLLOWING LINKS BELOW: (THE VIDEOS ARE OWNED
BY KHAN ACADEMY)

PART 1

Link (https://youtu.be/uqyLOuAzbvo)

(https://youtu.be/uqyLOuAzbvo)

PART 2

Link (https://youtu.be/QX2YLR09Q78)

(https://youtu.be/QX2YLR09Q78)

PART 3

Link (https://youtu.be/NGpJPz44JYc)

(https://youtu.be/NGpJPz44JYc)

PART 4

Link (https://youtu.be/HnfBFeLunk4)

(https://youtu.be/HnfBFeLunk4)

Bernoulli Sample Problems:

Link (https://youtu.be/xlJYYM5TWoA)
(https://youtu.be/xlJYYM5TWoA)

Sample Problems:

1. Water from a reservoir A 10m elevation is drawn by a motor driven pump to an upper
reservoir B. at 72m elevation. Suction and discharge head loss are 0.15m, respectively.
For discharge rate of 15 li/sec, find the total head for the piping.

2. Water from a reservoir is pumped over a hill through a pipe 900mm in diameter and a
pressure of one kg/cm² is maintained at the pipe discharge where the pipe is 85m from
the pump centerline. The pumps have a positive suction head of 5m. Pumping rate or the
pump at 1000 rpm is 1.5m³/sec. Friction losses is equivalent to 3m of head loss. What is
the head that should the pump cover for the system?

3. Water from a reservoir is pumped over a hill through a pipe 450mm in diameter and a
pressure of 1kg/cm² is maintained at the summit. Water discharge is 30m above the
reservoir. The quantity pumped is 0.5m³/sec. Frictional losses in the discharge and
suction pipe and pump is equivalent to 1.5m head loss. What is the head that should the
pump cover for the system?

4. Water loss an open reservoir A at 8m elevation is drawn by a motor-driven pump to an

open reservoir B 70m elevation. The inside diameter of the suction pipe is 200mm and
150mm for the discharge pipe. The discharge line has a loss of head twenty times
discharge pipeline. The pump centerline is at 4m. For a discharge rate of 10 li/sec find the
total head.

5. A pump is to deliver 80 gpm of water at 140 deg. F with discharge pressure of 150 psig.
Suction pressure indicates 2 inches of mercury vacuum. The diameter of suction and
discharged pipes are 5 inches and 4 inches respectively. Find the total head.
6. Determine the head needed to be covered if the pump has an 8 inches nominal size
suction and 6 inches nominal size discharge if it handles 150 gpm of water at 150. The
suction line gage shows 4” Hg vacuum and the discharge gage shows 26 psi. The
discharge gage is located 2 feet above the center of the discharge pipe line and the pump
inlet and discharge lines are at the same elevation?

7. A vacuum pump is used to drain the flooded mine shaft of 20 degrees Celcius water.
The pump pressure of water at this temperature is 2.34 Kpa. The pump is incapable of
lifting the water higher than 10.16 m. What is the atmospheric pressure?