01

Introduction to Software
Engineering

SUBMITTED TO: Dr. Aqeel Iqbal

Part-1: Mention the different tasks/processes performed by these two companies at these
phases of software development.

1. Planning
The important aspects of planning process are
 Planning phase should not be executed before your initial planning is finished
 Until the execution process does not start, you should not stop revising plans

2. Analysis
Gather information on goals and tasks by observing and speaking with users and/or subject-
matter experts.
Analyze the tasks performed to achieve goals to understand the overall number of tasks and
subtasks, their sequence, their hierarchy, and their complexity. The analyst typically produces
diagrams to document this analysis.

3. Design
Design tasks can be classified along several dimensions, including:
 Available methods and knowledge;
 Amount of unspecified (physical) structure;
 Gap in abstraction levels between specification and implementation;
 Complexity of interactions between sub problems
 Amount and type of knowledge a system user can provide.

4. Development
 Building the system
 Testing and integrating the units into larger components
 Preparing the technical environment for the system
 Approval to progress to the Test Phase Goals

The purpose of the Development Phase is to convert the system design prototyped in the Design
Phase into a working information system that addresses all documented system requirements.
At the end of this phase, the working system will enter the Test Phase.

5. Testing
It is also stated as the process of verifying and validating a software product. It checks whether
the software product:

 Meets the business and technical requirements that guided its design and development
 Works as per the requirement
 Can be implemented with the same characteristics

Now that we know what software is testing, let’s move ahead with our software testing life cycle
blog and see why do we need testing?
 6. Implementation
The two key elements of the plan are:
 Confirm the organization's commitment to "best appropriate practice" in asset management
 Adopt or vary the recommended program and decide on/confirm the:
o Specific Budget allocation and asset management planning time frame
o Information system strategy
o Level of sophistication desired
o Priority for the various asset types.

7. Maintenance
The maintenance phase involves making changes to hardware, software, and documentation to
support its operational effectiveness. It includes making changes to improve a system's
performance, correct problems, enhance security, or address user requirements.

Part-2: Mention the details about different tools/technologies used by these two companies
at these phases of software development
Following are the some tools used by these companies at the phases of software development:

1. Planning
 Network Diagrams
 Critical Path Method
 Gantt Charts
 Project Evaluation and Review Technique
 Work Breakdown Structure
 Project Documentation

2. Analysis
 SAS
 Apache Spark
 Excel
KNIME

3. Designing
 Light house
 Google Github
 Puppeteer
 4. Development
 Google Chrome Developer Tools.
 Webmaster Tools.
 Google API’s and Web Tool Kits
 Speed Tracer.

5. Testing
 Rich Results testing tool.
 Page Speed Insights tool.
 Mobile Friendly testing tool.

6. Implementation
 Arrow Diagram.
 Balanced Scorecard.
 Force Field Analysis..
 Plan-Do-Check-Act Cycle (PDCA)
 Process Decision Program Chart (PDPC)

7. Maintenance
 File comparator
 Compiler and linker
 Debugger
 Cross-reference generator
 Static code analyzer

Part-3: Mention the details about different software products developed by these two
companies which are in use by world.
Google
 Gmail – an email service.
 Google Calendar – an online calendar with Gmail integration, calendar sharing and a "quick add"
function to create events using natural language.
 Google Classroom – a content management system for schools that aids in distribution and
grading of assignments and providing in-class communication.
Microsoft

 Visual Studio
 Microsoft Visual Studio Express
 Visual C++
 Visual C#
 MS Office
 Outlook